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157 results on '"Région Occitanie"'

1. Development of a Frugal, In Situ Sensor Implementing a Ratiometric Method for Continuous Monitoring of Turbidity in Natural Waters

Author: Raul Sanchez, Michel Groc, Renaud Vuillemin, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Raimbault, Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse (LAAS-MICA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS 80|PRIME OpenProbe, MultiFAB - FEDER European Regional Funds and French Région Occitanie - grant agreement number 16007407/MP0011594, Econect - FEDER European Regional Funds and French Région Occitanie - grant agreement number MP00021763, and ANR-21-ESRE-0014,TERRA-FORMA,Concevoir et tester l'observatoire intelligent des territoires à l'ère Anthropocène(2021)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], in-situ, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, in situ, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, frugal sensors, ratiometric, Biochemistry, Instrumentation, water quality, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, turbidity, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract: Turbidity is a commonly used indicator of water quality in continental and marine waters and is mostly caused by suspended and colloidal particles such as organic and inorganic particles. Many methods are available for the measurement of turbidity, ranging from the Secchi disk to infrared light-based benchtop or in situ turbidimeters as well as acoustic methods. The operational methodologies of the large majority of turbidity instruments involve the physics of light scattering and absorption by suspended particles when light is passed through a sample. As such, in the case of in situ monitoring in water bodies, the measurement of turbidity is highly influenced by external light and biofouling. Our motivation for this project is to propose an open-source, low-cost in situ turbidity sensor with a suitable sensitivity and operating range to operate in low-to-medium-turbidity natural waters. This prototype device combines two angular photodetectors and two infrared light sources with different positions, resulting in two different types of light detection, namely nephelometric (i.e., scattering) and attenuation light, according to the ISO 7027 method. The mechanical design involves 3D-printed parts by stereolithography, which are compatible with commercially available waterproof enclosures, thus ensuring easy integration for future users. An effort was made to rely on mostly off-the-shelf electronic components to encourage replication of the system, with the use of a highly integrated photometric front-end commonly used in portable photoplethysmography systems. The sensor was tested in laboratory conditions against a commercial benchtop turbidimeter with Formazin standards. The monitoring results were analyzed, obtaining a linear trendline from 0 to 50 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) and an accuracy of +/−0.4 NTU in the 0 to 10 NTU range with a response time of less than 100 ms.
Published: 2023
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2. Nuclear HMGB1 protects from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through negative regulation of liver X receptor

Author: Jean Personnaz, Enzo Piccolo, Alizée Dortignac, Jason S. Iacovoni, Jérôme Mariette, Vincent Rocher, Arnaud Polizzi, Aurélie Batut, Simon Deleruyelle, Lucas Bourdens, Océane Delos, Lucie Combes-Soia, Romain Paccoud, Elsa Moreau, Frédéric Martins, Thomas Clouaire, Fadila Benhamed, Alexandra Montagner, Walter Wahli, Robert F. Schwabe, Armelle Yart, Isabelle Castan-Laurell, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Odile Burlet-Schiltz, Catherine Postic, Pierre-Damien Denechaud, Cédric Moro, Gaelle Legube, Chih-Hao Lee, Hervé Guillou, Philippe Valet, Cédric Dray, Jean-Philippe Pradère, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires (UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Geroscience and rejuvenation research center (RESTORE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SIAAP - Direction du Développement et de la Prospective, SIAAP, Toxicologie Intégrative & Métabolisme (ToxAlim-TIM), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Unité de biologie moléculaire, cellulaire et du développement - UMR5077 (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Center for Integrative Genomics - Institute of Bioinformatics, Génopode (CIG), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Columbia University [New York], MetaToul FluxoMet (TBI-MetaToul), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, This study was supported by grants from INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-17-CE14-0016, to J.-P.P.), and the Région Occitanie and Association Française d’Etude et de Recherche sur l’Obésité (to J.-P.P.). J.P. was supported by a scholarship from Paul Sabatier University. E.P. was supported by a scholarship from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-17-CE14-0016). R.P. was supported by a scholarship from Région Midi-Pyrénées-INSERM (no. 15050341). O.B.-S. and L.C.-S. and the proteomic facility were supported, in part, by the Région Occitanie, European funds (Fonds Européens de Développement Régional, FEDER), Toulouse Métropole, and the French Ministry of Research with the Investissement d’Avenir Infrastructures Nationales en Biologie et Santé program (ProFI, Proteomics French Infrastructure project, ANR-10-INBS-08), ANR-17-CE14-0016,HOLISTic,Rôle de la protéine HMGB1 au cours du stress metabolique(2017), and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine)
Subjects: Fatty Liver, Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medicine [Science], chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Lipid Metabolisms
Abstract: Dysregulations of lipid metabolism in the liver may trigger steatosis progression, leading to potentially severe clinical consequences such as nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs). Molecular mechanisms underlying liver lipogenesis are very complex and fine-tuned by chromatin dynamics and multiple key transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate that the nuclear factor HMGB1 acts as a strong repressor of liver lipogenesis. Mice with liver-specific Hmgb1 deficiency display exacerbated liver steatosis, while Hmgb1-overexpressing mice exhibited a protection from fatty liver progression when subjected to nutritional stress. Global transcriptome and functional analysis revealed that the deletion of Hmgb1 gene enhances LXRα and PPARγ activity. HMGB1 repression is not mediated through nucleosome landscape reorganization but rather via a preferential DNA occupation in a region carrying genes regulated by LXRα and PPARγ. Together, these findings suggest that hepatocellular HMGB1 protects from liver steatosis development. HMGB1 may constitute a new attractive option to therapeutically target the LXRα-PPARγ axis during NAFLD. Published version This study was supported by grants from INSERM, Paul Sabatier University, the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-17-CE14-0016, to J.-P.P.), and the Région Occitanie and Association Française d’Etude et de Recherche sur l’Obésité (to J.-P.P.). J.P. was supported by a scholarship from Paul Sabatier University. E.P. was supported by a scholarship from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-17-CE14-0016). R.P. was supported by a scholarship from Région Midi-Pyrénées-INSERM (no. 15050341). O.B.-S. and L.C.-S. and the proteomic facility were supported, in part, by the Région Occitanie, European funds (Fonds Européens de Développement Régional, FEDER), Toulouse Métropole, and the French Ministry of Research with the Investissement d’Avenir Infrastructures Nationales en Biologie et Santé program (ProFI, Proteomics French Infrastructure project, ANR-10-INBS-08).
Published: 2022

3. Changes in food purchasing practices of French households during the first COVID-19 lockdown and associated individual and environmental factors

Author: Daisy Recchia, Pascaline Rollet, Marlène Perignon, Nicolas Bricas, Simon Vonthron, Coline Perrin, Caroline Méjean, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, This work was carried out as part of DR’s Ph.D. funded by Région Occitanie and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)., The project Sustainable Urban Food Systems— the effects of urban foodscape on food styles in Montpellier Metropole (Surfood-Foodscapes) coordinated by Cirad, Inrae, and Montpellier Supagro, was publicly funded through ANR (the French National Research Agency) under the Investissements d’Avenir programme with the reference ANR-10-LABX-001-01 Labex Agro and coordinated by Agropolis Fondation., The project Mont’Panier Relations entre paysages alimentaires et pratiques alimentaires, was also funded by Région Occitanie, Dispositif REVE REcherche et Valorisation Economique., and ANR-10-LABX-0011,Entreprendre,Entrepreneurship(2010)
Subjects: S01 - Nutrition humaine - Considérations générales, food outlets, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution, Consommation des ménages, Medicine (miscellaneous), Comportement alimentaire, Dépense des ménages, food environment, grocery shopping, Nutrition and Dietetics, pandémie, COVID-19, E80 - Économie familiale et artisanale, Comportement du consommateur, food purchasing behaviors, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, COVID-19 lockdown, France, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science
Abstract: BackgroundTo limit the spread of COVID-19, a strict lockdown was imposed in France between March and May 2020. Mobility limitations and closure of non-essential public places (restaurants, open-air markets, etc.) affected peoples' food environment (FE) and thus their food purchasing practices (FPPs). This study aimed to explore changes in FPPs of French households during lockdown and associations with individual and environmental factors.MethodsIn April of 2020 households from the Mont'Panier cross-sectional study (n = 306), a quota sampling survey conducted in the south of France, were asked to complete an online questionnaire about their FPPs during lockdown and related factors, including perceived FE (distance to closest general food store, perception of increased food prices, etc.). Objective FE (presence, number, proximity, and density of food outlets) was assessed around participant's home using a geographical information system. Multiple correspondence analysis based on changes in frequency of use and quantity of food purchased by food outlet, followed by a hierarchical cluster analysis, resulted in the identification of clusters. Logistic regression models were performed to assess associations between identified clusters and household's sociodemographic characteristics, perceived, and objective FE.ResultsFive clusters were identified. Cluster “Supermarket” (38% of the total sample), in which households reduced frequency of trips, but increased quantity bought in supermarkets during lockdown, was associated with lower incomes and the perception of increased food prices. Cluster “E-supermarket” (12%), in which households increased online food shopping with pickup at supermarket, was associated with higher incomes. Cluster “Diversified” (22%), made up of households who reduced frequency of trips to diverse food outlet types, was associated with the perception of increased food prices. Cluster “Organic Food Store” (20%), in which households did not change frequency of trips, nor quantity purchased in organic food stores, was associated with being older (35–50 y vs. ConclusionThis study highlighted diverse changes in FPPs during lockdown and overall more significant associations with perceived than with objective FE indicators.
Published: 2022

4. ATGL-dependent white adipose tissue lipolysis controls hepatocyte PPARα activity

Author: Anne Fougerat, Gabriele Schoiswohl, Arnaud Polizzi, Marion Régnier, Carina Wagner, Sarra Smati, Tiffany Fougeray, Yannick Lippi, Frederic Lasserre, Ilyès Raho, Valentine Melin, Blandine Tramunt, Raphaël Métivier, Caroline Sommer, Fadila Benhamed, Chantal Alkhoury, Franziska Greulich, Céline Jouffe, Anthony Emile, Michael Schupp, Pierre Gourdy, Patricia Dubot, Thierry Levade, Delphine Meynard, Sandrine Ellero-Simatos, Laurence Gamet-Payrastre, Ganna Panasyuk, Henriette Uhlenhaut, Ez-Zoubir Amri, Céline Cruciani-Guglielmacci, Catherine Postic, Walter Wahli, Nicolas Loiseau, Alexandra Montagner, Dominique Langin, Achim Lass, Hervé Guillou, Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Transcriptomic impact of Xenobiotics (E23 TRiX), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires (UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toxicologie Intégrative & Métabolisme (ToxAlim-TIM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], University of Lausanne (UNIL), BioTechMed-Graz, Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz)-Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche]-Medical University Graz, Région Occitanie, FRM (FDM201906008682), Boulos Foundation, ERC-2018-COG-MetaboSENS-819543, German Research Foundation (DFG) (SCH 2546/5-1), the Leuchtturmprojekt/Flagship Project 'Lipases and Lipid Signaling' funded by BioTechMed-Graz, ANR-16-CE14-0029,NUTRISENSPIK,Déterminants moléculaires de l'homéostasie hépatique nutritive(2016), ANR-17-CE14-0015,HepAdialogue,Impact du métabolisme des acides gras des tissus adipeux et du foie sur l'insulinorésistance(2017), ANR-21-CE14-0079,Hepatologic,Réseau de controle des réponses transcriptionnelles hépatiques aux challenges nutritionnels par des récepteurs nucléaires(2021), European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Medical University of Graz, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Diabétologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Technische Universität Graz (TU Graz), Région Occitanie B.T. was supported by FRM (FDM201906008682)., Boulos Foundation and FRM., German Research Foundation (DFG) (SCH 2546/5-1 to M.S.), I3535, andP34899 (A.L.) by Austrian Science Fund (FWF, ERC-2018-COG-MetaboSENS- 819543 (G.P.), the Leuchtturmprojekt/Flagship Project ‘‘Lipases and Lipid Signaling’’ (A.L.), funded by BioTechMed-Graz, and by P28882-B21 (G.S.), European Project: 609398,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,AGREENSKILLSPLUS(2014), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, LESUR, Hélène, Impact du métabolisme des acides gras des tissus adipeux et du foie sur l'insulinorésistance - - HepAdialogue2017 - ANR-17-CE14-0015 - AAPG2017 - VALID, Réseau de controle des réponses transcriptionnelles hépatiques aux challenges nutritionnels par des récepteurs nucléaires - - Hepatologic2021 - ANR-21-CE14-0079 - AAPG2021 - VALID, Déterminants moléculaires de l'homéostasie hépatique nutritive - - NUTRISENSPIK2016 - ANR-16-CE14-0029 - AAPG2016 - VALID, and AgreenSkills+ - AGREENSKILLSPLUS - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2014-05-05 - 2019-05-04 - 609398 - VALID
Subjects: fasting, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Adipose Tissue, White, Metabolism, Fgf21, Pparα, Fasting, Ketogenesis, Lipolysis [Atgl, Cp], [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Ketone Bodies, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, PPARα, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, ATGL, FGF21, Adipose Tissue, Brown, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], PPAR alpha, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, CP: Metabolism, ketogenesis, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Adipose Tissue, Hepatocytes, lipolysis, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; In hepatocytes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) orchestrates a genomic and metabolic response required for homeostasis during fasting. This includes the biosynthesis of ketone bodies and of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Here we show that in the absence of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in adipocytes, ketone body and FGF21 production is impaired upon fasting. Liver gene expression analysis highlights a set of fasting-induced genes sensitive to both ATGL deletion in adipocytes and PPARα deletion in hepatocytes. Adipose tissue lipolysis induced by activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor also triggers such PPARα-dependent responses not only in the liver but also in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Intact PPARα activity in hepatocytes is required for the cross-talk between adipose tissues and the liver during fat mobilization.
Published: 2022

5. The monitoring nitrous oxide sources (MIN2OS) satellite project

Author: Joël Léonard, Jean-Luc Attié, Hélène Reynal, Christine Groot Zwaaftink, Naoko Saitoh, Laurent Berdeu, Rona Thompson, Jos Lelieveld, Elizabeth Pattey, Z. Zelinger, Audrey Fortems-Cheiney, Frédérick Pasternak, Isabelle Pison, Prabir K. Patra, Václav Nevrlý, Jan Suchánek, Olivier Saint-Pé, Rémi Chalinel, Juying Warner, Laure Brooker, Jean Sciare, Philippe Ricaud, Jérôme Vidot, Michal Dostál, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Airbus Defence and Space [Les Mureaux], ASTRIUM, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Cyprus Institute (CyI), Chiba University, University of Maryland [Baltimore], Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The TN2OR project is funded by the Région Occitanie, the University of Toulouse, the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo-France, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Airbus Defense and Space, and Sciences et technologies pour l'Aéronautique et l'Espace (STAE) foundation. RC's PhD has been funded by Région Occitanie and Airbus Defense and Space., Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Airbus Defence and Space, Airbus Group, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Daytime, N2O emissions, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Equator, Soil Science, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Modelling, Atmosphere, Mixing ratio, Computers in Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Atmospheric sounding, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Nitrous oxide, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Sources, Geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Spectral bands, Atmosphere of Earth, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Satellite, Space-borne observations
Abstract: International audience; The Monitoring Nitrous Oxide Sources (MIN2OS) satellite project aims at monitoring global-scale nitrous oxide (N2O) sources by retrieving N2O surface fluxes from the inversion of space-borne N2O measurements that are sensitive to the lowermost atmospheric layers under favorable conditions. MIN2OS will provide emission estimates of N2O at a horizontal resolution of 1° × 1° on the global scale and 10 × 10 km2 on the regional scale on a weekly to monthly basis depending on the application (e.g., agriculture, national inventories, policy, scientific research). Our novel approach is based on the development of: 1) a space-borne instrument operating in the Thermal InfraRed domain providing, in clear sky conditions, N2O mixing ratio in the lowermost atmosphere (900 hPa) under favorable conditions (summer daytime) over land and under favorable and unfavorable (winter nighttime) conditions over the ocean and 2) an atmospheric inversion framework to estimate N2O surface fluxes from the atmospheric satellite observations. After studying three N2O spectral bands (B1 at 1240–1350 cm−1, B2 at 2150–2260 cm−1 and B3 at 2400–2600 cm−1), a new TIR instrument will be developed, centered at 1250–1330 cm−1, with a resolution of 0.125 cm−1, a Full Width at Half Maximum of 0.25 cm−1 and a swath of 300 km. To optimally constrain the retrieval of N2O vertical profiles, the instrument will be on-board a platform at ~830 km altitude in a sun-synchronous orbit crossing the Equator in descending node at 09:30 local time in synergy with two other platforms (Metop-SG and Sentinel-2 NG) expected to fly in 2031–32 aiming at detecting surface properties, agricultural information on the field scale and vertical profiles of atmospheric constituents and temperature. The lifetime of the MIN2OS project would be 4–5 years to study the interannual variability of N2O surface fluxes. The spectral noise can be decreased by at least a factor of 5 compared to the lowest noise accessible to date with the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer-New Generation (IASI-NG) mission. The N2O total error is expected to be less than ~1% (~3 ppbv) along the vertical. The preliminary design of the MIN2OS project results in a small instrument (payload of 90 kg, volume of 1200 × 600 × 300 mm3) with, in addition to the spectrometer, a wide field and 1-km resolution imager for cloud detection. The instruments could be hosted on a small platform, the whole satellite being largely compatible with a dual launch on VEGA-C. The MIN2OS project has been submitted to the European Space Agency Earth Explorer 11 mission ideas.
Published: 2021

6. 4D printing with spin-crossover polymer composites

Author: Bertrand Tondu, Lionel Salmon, José Elias Angulo-Cervera, Mario Piedrahita-Bello, Gábor Molnár, Christophe Thibault, Rémi Courson, Azzedine Bousseksou, Laurent Malaquin, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Mouvement des Systèmes Anthropomorphes (LAAS-GEPETTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe Microsystèmes électromécaniques (LAAS-MEMS), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant (LAAS-ELIA), Federal University of Toulouse/Région Occitanie, CONACYT, FEDER European Regional Funds and Région Occitanie (Grant No. 16007407/MP0011594), European Commission (H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016, SPINSWITCH, No. 734322 and H2020-NMBP-PILOTS-2017, HoliFAB, No. 760927), ANR-19-CE09-0008,NAGAM,Actionnement nanomoléculaire pour une nouvelle génération de muscles artificiels(2019), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Filler (packaging), Materials science, business.industry, Composite number, 3D printing, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Polymer, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Spin crossover, Materials Chemistry, Polymer composites, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, business, 4d printing, Spin-½
Abstract: International audience; A stereolithographic 3D printing method was used to fabricate spin crossover–polymer composite materials with various shapes and sizes (up to several cm). The thermomechanical properties of the polymer and the stiumuli-responsive properties of the filler are preserved in the composite – affording for a new approach of 4D printing.
Published: 2020

7. Comprendre le rôle des arthropodes vecteurs dans l’émergence et la propagation des maladies infectieuses végétales, animales et humaines. Chronique d’épidémies annoncées dans le sud de la France

Author: Astrid Cruaud, Claire Garros, Laurence Vial, Didier Fontenille, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), This opinion piece came out in the stimulating frame of the KIM RIVE (Key Initiative Montpellier: Risks and Vectors), supported by MUSE (Montpellier University of Excellence) and 'défi clé' RIVOC, supported by 'Région Occitanie'., Ce papier d’opinion a été conçu dans le cadre stimulant de la KIM RIVE (Key Initiative Montpellier : Risques Infectieux et VEcteurs), soutenu par MUSE (Université d’excellence de Montpellier) et du défi clé RIVOC, soutenu par la Région Occitanie., ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Hyalomma marginatum, Midges, Risque, Xylella, 01 natural sciences, Dengue fever, Mosquito, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Facteur de risque, Moustique, Metastigmata, Vector (molecular biology), Maladies, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Yellow fever, Arthropod Vectors, Facteur du milieu, General Medicine, Écologie des populations, Culicoides, 3. Good health, Vecteur de maladie, S50 - Santé humaine, Moucherons, L20 - Écologie animale, France, Émergence, Tick, Risk, Arthropoda, Zoology, Mosquito Vectors, Aedes aegypti, Emergence, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, Epidemics, Tique, Transmission des maladies, H20 - Maladies des plantes, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Culicidae, 030104 developmental biology, Vecteur, Écologie animale, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Vector, Arthropod Vector, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Southern France, like the rest of the world, is facing the emergence of diseases affecting plants, animals and humans, of which causative agents (viruses, parasites, bacteria) are transmitted by arthropod vectors. Global changes are accelerating the emergence and spread of these diseases. After presenting some examples related to vectors of yellow fever and dengue viruses (Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (Hyalomma marginatum), Bluetongue (Culicoides sp.), and the phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa (Hemiptera spp.), we will discuss what are the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that make an arthropod a vector in a given place and at a given time. We also propose some thoughts regarding these emergences, possible scenarios for their evolution and some recommendations for the future.; Le sud de la France, comme le reste du monde, est confronté à l’émergence de maladies affectant les plantes, les animaux et les populations humaines, dont les agents étiologiques (virus, parasites, bactéries) sont transmis par des arthropodes vecteurs. Les changements globaux auxquels nous faisons face accélèrent l’apparition et la diffusion de ces pathologies. Après avoir pris quelques exemples concernant les vecteurs des virus de la fièvre jaune et de la dengue (Aedes aegypti et Ae. albopictus), de la fièvre de Crimée-Congo (Hyalomma marginatum), de la fièvre catarrhale ovine (Culicoides sp.) et de la bactérie phytopathogène Xylella fastidiosa (Hemiptera spp.), nous verrons quels sont les facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques qui font qu’un arthropode devient un vecteur en un lieu et à un moment donné. Nous proposons des pistes de réflexion sur ces émergences et le possible devenir des maladies transmises par arthropodes. Nous concluons par quelques recommandations pour mieux anticiper les émergences.
Published: 2020

8. Stable Isotope Labeling Highlights Enhanced Fatty Acid and Lipid Metabolism in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author: Laure Tonini, Fanny Viars, Marie Sabatier, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Lucille Stuani, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Jean-Charles Portais, Fabien Riols, Pierre Millard, Aurélie Batut, Sonia Zaghdoudi, Estelle Saland, Laetitia K. Linares, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateau MetaToul-LIPIDOMIQUE = MetaToul-Lipidomics, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), This work was supported by grants from the Région Midi-Pyrénées (CRLE, J.-E.S.), Plan Cancer 2014-BioSys (FLEXAML, J.-E.S.) and the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm). MetaToul is part of the national infrastructure MetaboHUB (The French National infrastructure for metabolomics and fluxomics, www.metabohub.fr) and is supported by MetaboHUB-ANR-11-INBS-0010, by the Région Occitanie, the European Regional Development Fund, the SICOVAL, the Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (IBiSa, France), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and Inserm., ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, MetaToul-Lipidomic Core Facility, MetaboHUB, I2 MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Region Midi-Pyrenees (CRLE), Inserm, Plan Cancer 2014-BioSys (FLEXAML), Metabo [HUB-ANR-11-INBS-0010], Région Occitanie, European Regional Development Fund, SICOVAL, Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (IBiSa, France), CNRS, Inra, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018 [Toulouse] (CRCT - U1037 Inserm), MetaToul-MetaboHUB platform - Lipidomique (Inserm/UPS U1048 - I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2017 [Montpellier] (IRCM - U1194 Inserm), ANR-11-INBS-0010/11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d’une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l’innovation(2011), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MetaToul Lipidomics, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Linares, Laetitia, Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation - - METABOHUB2011 - ANR-11-INBS-0010 - INBS - VALID, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-MetaboHUB-MetaToul, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], approche protéomique, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, hemic and lymphatic diseases, IDH mutation, isotopic profiling, leukemia, lipidomics, metabolic reprogramming, leucemie, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_classification, acide gras, Fatty Acids, Myeloid leukemia, General Medicine, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, 3. Good health, Computer Science Applications, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Leukemia, Isotope Labeling, Lipogenesis, profil isotopique, Ceramide, Médecine humaine et pathologie, HL-60 Cells, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Article, Catalysis, Glutarates, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, approche lipidomique, Lipid biosynthesis, medicine, Humans, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Fatty acid metabolism, Organic Chemistry, Fatty acid, Lipid metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Mutation, Cancer research, Human health and pathology, fatty acid, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Background: In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), a complete response to chemotherapy is usually obtained after conventional chemotherapy but overall patient survival is poor due to highly frequent relapses. As opposed to chronic myeloid leukemia, B lymphoma or multiple myeloma, AML is one of the rare malignant hemopathies the therapy of which has not significantly improved during the past 30 years despite intense research efforts. One promising approach is to determine metabolic dependencies in AML cells. Moreover, two key metabolic enzymes, isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1/2), are mutated in more than 15% of AML patient, reinforcing the interest in studying metabolic reprogramming, in particular in this subgroup of patients. Methods: Using a multi-omics approach combining proteomics, lipidomics, and isotopic profiling of [U-13C] glucose and [U-13C] glutamine cultures with more classical biochemical analyses, we studied the impact of the IDH1 R132H mutation in AML cells on lipid biosynthesis. Results: Global proteomic and lipidomic approaches showed a dysregulation of lipid metabolism, especially an increase of phosphatidylinositol, sphingolipids (especially few species of ceramide, sphingosine, and sphinganine), free cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acids in IDH1 mutant cells. Isotopic profiling of fatty acids revealed that higher lipid anabolism in IDH1 mutant cells corroborated with an increase in lipogenesis fluxes. Conclusions: This integrative approach was efficient to gain insight into metabolism and dynamics of lipid species in leukemic cells. Therefore, we have determined that lipid anabolism is strongly reprogrammed in IDH1 mutant AML cells with a crucial dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism and fluxes, both being mediated by 2-HG (2-Hydroxyglutarate) production.
Published: 2018

9. Genetic variability and plasticity of plant allometry

Author: François Vasseur, Cyrille Violle, Brian J. Enquist, Denis Vile, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Arizona, Santa Fe Institute, Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie, Grant/Award Number: 0398/2009-09 42 008, H2020 European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: ERC-StG-2020-949843 PHENOVIGOUR, Région Occitanie Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Grant/Award Number: FEDER FSE IEJ 2014- 2020, ANR-17-CE02-0018,AraBreed,Exploration des réponses évolutives des plantes à des changements environnementaux à la lumière des théories écologiques : un test expérimental chez l'espèce modèle Arabidopsis thaliana(2017), and European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015)
Subjects: high temperature, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, water stress, Arabidopsis thaliana, intraspecific trait variability, plasticity, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, growth rate, metabolic scaling theory, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; The metabolic scaling theory (MST) predicts quasi-universal trait-size relationships in plants, characterised by a unique allometric exponent within and across large taxonomic scales. However, recent studies have identified variability in allometric relationships, without a clear understanding of the modulating role played by genetic variation and environment.Here, we investigated (1) the allometric relationships for two central traits of MST, namely total leaf area and plant growth rate, in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, (2) the variability of plant allometries between genotypes and (3) the plastic responses of plant allometries under water deficit, high temperature and their interaction.Using a population of 120 genotypes, we found that intraspecific allometries adhered on average with MST predictions. However, a broad variability but a moderate plasticity in the allometric exponents was observed across genotypes and environments. Allometric exponents were impacted significantly, yet weakly, by water deficit, but not by high temperature. Moreover, genotypes that deviated from MST predictions exhibited more plasticity in trait-size relationships than genotypes that followed MST predictions.Our study suggests that plant allometry is genetically variable and might be related to different adaptive strategies to cope with stressing conditions. Thus, our results highlights the need of assessing trait-size relationships within species to understand the mechanisms of plant adaptation to contrasted environments.
Published: 2023

10. Implementation and sensitivity analysis of the Dam-Reservoir OPeration model (DROP v1.0) over Spain

Author: Malak Sadki, Simon Munier, Aaron Boone, Sophie Ricci, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), and Contrat doctoral financé par le CNES et la Région Occitanie.
Subjects: sensitivity analysis, reservoir modeling, General Medicine, large-scale hydrological modeling, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Sobol method
Abstract: The prediction of water resource evolution is considered to be a major challenge for the coming century, particularly in the context of climate change and increasing demographic pressure. Water resources are directly linked to the continental water cycle, and the main processes modulating changes can be represented by global hydrological models. However, anthropogenic impacts on water resources, and in particular the effects of dams-reservoirs on river flows, are still poorly known and generally neglected in coupled land surface–river routing models. This paper presents a parameterized reservoir model, DROP (Dam-Reservoir OPeration), based on Hanasaki's scheme to compute monthly releases given inflows, water demands and the management purpose. With its significantly anthropized river basins, Spain has been chosen as a study case for which simulated outflows and water storage variations are evaluated against in situ observations over the period 1979–2014. Using a default configuration of the reservoir model, results reveal its positive contribution in representing the seasonal cycle of discharge and storage variation, specifically for large-storage capacity irrigation reservoirs. Based on a bounded version of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index, called C2M, the overall outflow representation is improved by 43 % in the median. For irrigation reservoirs, the improvement rate reaches 80 %. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis of DROP model parameters was conducted based on the performance of C2M on outflows and volumes using the Sobol method. The results show that the most influential parameter is the threshold coefficient describing the demand-controlled release level. The analysis also reveals the parameters that need to be focused on in order to improve river flow or reservoir water storage modeling by highlighting the difference in the individual effects of the parameters and their interactions depending on whether one focuses on outflows or volume mean seasonal patterns. The results of this generic reservoir scheme show promise for modeling present and future reservoir impacts on the continental hydrology within global land surface–river routing models.
Published: 2023

11. Hydrogeological modeling of the Roussillon coastal aquifer (France): stochastic inversion and analysis of future stresses

Author: Ludovic Schorpp, Valentin Dall’Alba, Philippe Renard, Sandra Lanini, Yvan Caballero, Centre d'Hydrogéologie et de Géothermie [Neuchâtel] (CHYN), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), University of Oslo (UiO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), MESR, FEDER, Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse, Région Occitanie, Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole, Conseil départemental des Pyrénées-Orientales, and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Dem’Eaux Roussillon
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Coastal aquifer, Seawater intrusions, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Soil Science, Geology, Pollution, Inverse modeling, Climate change, MODFLOW, Environmental Chemistry, PEST plus plus, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Global climate change-induced stresses on coastal water resources include water use restrictions, saline intrusions, and permanently modifying or damaging regional resources. Groundwater in coastal regions is often the only freshwater resource available, so an in-depth understanding of the aquifer, and the aquifer's response to climate change, is essential for decisionmakers. In this study, we focus on the coastal aquifer of Roussillon (southern France) by developing and investigating a steady-state groundwater flow model (MODFLOW 6) and calibrated with PEST++ on a Python interface (FloPy and PyEmu). Model input and boundary conditions are constrained by various scenarios of climate projections by 2080, with model results predicting the aquifer's response (and associated uncertainty) to these external forcings. Using simple assumptions of intrusion estimates, model results highlight both strong climatic and anthropogenic impacts on the water table. These include aquifer drawdowns reaching several meters locally, and the seawater interface advancing locally several hundred meters inland and rising by several meters. Intrusions of this magnitude risk endangering exploited water wells and their sustainability. Our results demonstrate the critical importance of properly characterizing the geology and its heterogeneity for understanding aquifers at risk because poor predictions may lead to inappropriate decisions, putting critical resources at risk, particularly in coastal environments. Keywords Coastal aquifer • Climate change • Seawater intrusions • MODFLOW • Inverse modeling • PEST++
Published: 2023

12. A 1D Bayesian inversion of microwave radiances using several radiative properties of solid hydrometeors

Author: Marylis Barreyat, Philippe Chambon, Jean‐François Mahfouf, Ghislain Faure, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, and Météo-France et Région Occitanie
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, microwave, cloud hydrometeors microwave snow, hydrometeors, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, cloud, snow
Abstract: International audience; Numerical weather prediction centers increasingly make use of cloudy and rainy microwave radiances. Currently, the high microwave frequencies are simulated using simplified assumptions regarding the radiative properties of frozen hydrometeors. In particular, one single particle shape is often used for all precipitating frozen particles, all over the globe, and for all cloud types. In this paper, a multi-SSP (single scattering properties) approach for 1D Bayesian inversions is examined. Two experiments were set up: (1) one with three SSPs and (2) one with the previous SSPs plus one which leads to very cold brightness temperature distributions. For that purpose, we used observations from the GPM Microwave Imager radiometer over 2 months period and forecasts from the Météo-France convective scale AROME model. The results showed that mixtures of SSP are chosen by the inversion method for meteorological conditions with low scattering and that a single particle is chosen for those with high scattering to perform the inversions. Despite the fact that no specific weather scenes were found to be associated with a particular SSP the most efficient scattering particles can be favored for some of them.
Published: 2023

13. Les enjeux du Génie des Procédés pour la réutilisation des eaux usées traitées au sein du réseau REUSE d'INRAE – de la nécessité d'une approche pluridisciplinaire et multi-échelles

Author: Nassim Ait-Mouheb, Sami Bouarfa, Anne-Laure Collard, Christelle Guigui, Jérôme Labille, Rémi Lombard-Latune, Jean-Denis Mathias, Bruno Molle, Pascal Molle, Jaime Nivala, Dominique Patureau, Alain Rapaport, Nicolas Roche, Mathieu Sperandio, Severine Tomas, Jérôme Harmand, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Réduire, valoriser, réutiliser les ressources des eaux résiduaires (UR REVERSAAL), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'ingénierie pour les systèmes complexes (UR LISC), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Université Polytechnique Mohammed VI - Benguerir (UM6P), and Le projet NEREIDE bénéficie d'un financement de l'Institut Carnot Eau et Environnement. Les projets WoD et BIOROC bénéficient de financements de la Région Occitanie dans le cadre du défi clé WATER Occitanie, de la Fondation AGROPOLIS et d'INRAE
Subjects: réseau REUSE d'INRAE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, General Medicine, Génie des Procédés, eaux usées traitées
Abstract: International audience; The reuse of wastewater aims to mobilize and treat, for certain uses and under certain conditions, water that has already been used. Rather than discharging wastewater into the natural environment, this practice aims to recover it by replacing the mobilization of water withdrawn from the environment [van Loosdrecht and Brdjanovic, 2014]. By moving from a linear logic of the mobilization and use of water to a circular approach, the objective pursued is to reduce the pressure, qualitative then quantitative, on the resources while limiting, as far as possible, the usage conflicts. It is in fact a question of passing from a simple competitive mode which strongly mobilizes resources, to a complex mode, known as “circular”, of putting in complementarity of uses. This approach initially mainly concerned agricultural uses insofar as agricultural needs represent the majority of the water mobilized, including developed countries [UN Water 2018]. Cities integrate specific issues that are characterized by significantly different options from those that can be found in rural areas. In the city, the recovery of wastewater has both material aspects (water, nutrients, critical metals, biopolymers, etc.) and energy aspects (recovery of heat from the networks, production of energy by biological means and /or thermal,…) which should be integrated on an appropriate scale according to the problems addressed (housing, building, district, city, territory or hydrological basin). To study the conditions under which REUSE can develop and be implemented in a safe and sustainable manner, research is needed [Ait-Mouheb et al., 2018]. If it represents an opportunity in certain territories where wastewater can be mobilized, it is also necessary to underline the limits of this practice in territories where the wastewater discharged into the environment is necessary to maintain the low water levels of rivers and rivers, or where soils may be affected, for example, by the salinity of these waters. In addition, studies of the social, economic and environmental dimensions differ significantly depending on the uses envisaged and the situations considered. To meet these challenges, the REUSE network of INRAE (cf. www6.inrae.fr) proposes to adopt a multidisciplinary and multi-scale approach by mobilizing not only the disciplines that can be considered as falling within the field of technologies and environmental engineering but also all of those relating to the human and social sciences, economics, legal, and participatory sciences.
Published: 2023

14. Deep Paleoproteotyping and Microtomography Revealed No Heart Defect nor Traces of Embalming in the Cardiac Relics of Blessed Pauline Jaricot

Author: Virginie Bourdin, Philippe Charlier, Stéphane Crevat, Lotfi Slimani, Catherine Chaussain, Mélodie Kielbasa, Olivier Pible, Jean Armengaud, Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac (MQBJC), Laboratoire Anthropologie, Archéologie, Biologie (LAAB), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay, Pathologies, imagerie et biothérapies oro-faciales = Orofacial pathologies, imaging and biotherapies (URP 2496), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Région Occitanie, (21023526-DeepMicro, ANR-11- INBS-0006, FRM DGE20111123012), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR, (ANR-20-CE34-0012), ANR-20-CE34-0012,Dyn-Microbiome,Dynamique du microbiome d'un organisme sentinelle aquatique en fonction de contaminants(2020), and ANR-11-INBS-0006,FLI,France Life Imaging(2011)
Subjects: paleopathology, forensic anthropology, Organic Chemistry, micro-CT scan, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, proteotyping, relics, General Medicine, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, Inorganic Chemistry, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], metaproteomics, cardiac characterization, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, mass spectrometry
Abstract: International audience; Scientific examination of the heart of Blessed Pauline Jaricot—a French missionary figure—was carried out in 2022. As tandem mass spectrometry proteotyping has proven to be valuable to obtain the broad taxonomic repertoire of a given sample without any a priori information, we aimed at exploring the conditions of preservation of the relics and possible conditions of death. Metaproteomics and high-resolution microtomography imaging approaches were combined. A dataset comprising 6731 high-resolution MS/MS spectra was acquired and 968 of these spectra could be assigned to specific peptidic biomolecules. Based on the taxonomical information encompassed by the identified peptide sequences, 5 phyla were identified amongst eukaryota (94% of the biomass): Ascomycota (55%), with the species Aspergillus versicolor, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Aspergillus glaucus, corresponding to expected cadaverous fungal flora; Chordata (42%), represented by a unique species, Homo sapiens; Streptophyta (3%); and Arthropoda (traces). Bacteria (6% of the biomass) were poorly represented. No trace of embalming substance could be retrieved, nor any pathogens. Imaging evidenced no heart defect nor embalming traces. No evidence that was inconsistent with natural and spontaneous conservation could be retrieved. This study prefigures the power of modern molecular techniques such as paleoproteotyping coupled to microtomography to gain insight into historical relics.
Published: 2023

15. Ontological component-based description of robot capabilities

Author: Dussard, Bastien, Sarthou, Guillaume, Clodic, Aurélie, Équipe Robotique et InteractionS (LAAS-RIS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service Informatique : Développement, Exploitation et Assistance (LAAS-IDEA), MUGERI project via the Défi Clé Robotique Centré sur l'Humain de la région Occitanie, and ANR-21-CE33-0019,ELSA,Apprentissage effectif des affordances sociales pour l'interaction humain-robot(2021)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Ontology description, Computer Science - Robotics, inference mechanism, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], robot capabilities, Robotics (cs.RO), [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic
Abstract: A key aspect of a robot's knowledge base is self-awareness about what it is capable of doing. It allows to define which tasks it can be assigned to and which it cannot. We will refer to this knowledge as the Capability concept. As capabilities stems from the components the robot owns, they can be linked together. In this work, we hypothesize that this concept can be inferred from the components rather than merely linked to them. Therefore, we introduce an ontological means of inferring the agent's capabilities based on the components it owns as well as low-level capabilities. This inference allows the agent to acknowledge what it is able to do in a responsive way and it is generalizable to external entities the agent can carry for example. To initiate an action, the robot needs to link its capabilities with external entities. To do so, it needs to infer affordance relations from its capabilities as well as the external entity's dispositions. This work is part of a broader effort to integrate social affordances into a Human-Robot collaboration context and is an extension of an already existing ontology., Comment: International Workshop on Working towards Ontology-based Standards for Robotics and Automation (WOSRA 2023 - 2nd Edition), Jun 2023, Londres, United Kingdom
Published: 2023
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16. Wild Boars as Reservoir of Highly Virulent Clone of Hybrid Shiga Toxigenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Responsible for Edema Disease, France

Author: Alexandre Perrat, Priscilla Branchu, Anouk Decors, Silvia Turci, Marie-Hélène Bayon-Auboyer, Geoffrey Petit, Vladimir Grosbois, Hubert Brugère, Frédéric Auvray, Eric Oswald, LESUR, Hélène, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), LABOCEA Laboratoire [Plouzané, France], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and This work was supported by the National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment’s GISA metaprogram https://colloque.inrae.fr/metaprogramsworkshops_eng/Metaprograms/GISA) and by funding from the Région Occitanie (grant no. ALDOCT-000610) and Ministry of Agriculture awarded to A.P.
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Swine, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sus scrofa, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, fluids and secretions, Escherichia coli, Stx2e, Animals, Edema, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Wild Boars as Reservoir of Highly Virulent Clone of Hybrid Shiga Toxigenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Responsible for Edema Disease, France, antimicrobial resistance, bacteria, Escherichia coli Infections, F18, Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli, ETEC, Research, pigs, edema disease, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, Clone Cells, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], STEC, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, EDEC, O139:H1, Sus domesticus, Medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, enterotoxin, wild boar
Abstract: International audience; Edema disease is an often fatal enterotoxemia caused by specific strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) that affect primarily healthy, rapidly growing nursery pigs. Recently, outbreaks of edema disease have also emerged in France in wild boars. Analysis of STEC strains isolated from wild boars during 2013-2019 showed that they belonged to the serotype O139:H1 and were positive for both Stx2e and F18 fimbriae. However, in contrast to classical STEC O139:H1 strains circulating in pigs, they also possessed enterotoxin genes sta1 and stb, typical of enterotoxigenic E. coli. In addition, the strains contained a unique accessory genome composition and did not harbor antimicrobial-resistance genes, in contrast to domestic pig isolates. These data thus reveal that the emergence of edema disease in wild boars was caused by atypical hybrid of STEC and enterotoxigenic E. coli O139:H1, which so far has been restricted to the wildlife environment.Keywords
Published: 2022

17. Identification of bacterial lipo-amino acids: origin of regenerated fatty acid carboxylate from dissociation of lipo-glutamate anion

Author: Amandine Hueber, Yves Gimbert, Geoffrey Langevin, Jean-Marie Galano, Alexandre Guy, Thierry Durand, Nicolas Cenac, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Jean-Claude Tabet, Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, MetaboHUB-MetaToul, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires (UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Inserm, PhD Grant, Région Occitanie, PhD Grant, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Anions, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Tandem mass spectrometry, Lipidomic, Ion-dipole Abbreviations ACN Acetonitrile CID Collision-induced dissociation DCM Dichloromethane DFT Density functional theory EcN Escherichia coli ESI Electrospray, Fatty Acids, Organic Chemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Lipoamino acid, Glutamic Acid, Biochemistry, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Humans, Regeneration, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Amino Acids
Abstract: The identification of bacterial metabolites produced by the microbiota is a key point to understand its role in human health. Among them, lipo-amino acids (LpAA), which are able to cross the epithelial barrier and to act on the host, are poorly identified. Structural elucidation of few of them was performed by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry based on electrospray combined with selective ion dissociations reach by collision-induced dissociation (CID). The negative ions were used for their advantages of yielding only few fragment ions sufficient to specify each part of LpAA with sensitivity. To find specific processes that help structural assignment, the negative ion dissociations have been scrutinized for an LpAA: the N-palmitoyl acyl group linked to glutamic acid (C16Glu). The singular behavior of [C16Glu-H]¯ towards CID showed tenth product ions, eight were described by expected fragment ions. In contrast, instead of the expected product ions due to CONH-CH bond cleavage, an abundant complementary dehydrated glutamic acid and fatty acid anion pair were observed. Specific to glutamic moiety, they were formed by a stepwise dissociation via molecular isomerization through ion–dipole formation prior to dissociation. This complex dissociated by partner splitting either directly or after inter-partner proton transfer. By this pathway, surprising regeneration of deprotonated fatty acid takes place. Such regeneration is comparable to that occurred from dissociation to peptides containing acid amino-acid. Modeling allow to confirm the proposed mechanisms explaining the unexpected behavior of this glutamate conjugate.
Published: 2022

18. Direct numerical simulation of gas-liquid mass transfer around a spherical contaminated bubble in the stagnant-cap regime

Author: Kalyani Kentheswaran, Nicolas Dietrich, Sébastien Tanguy, Benjamin Lalanne, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fédération de Recherche Fluides, Energie, Réacteurs, Matériaux et Transferts (FERMAT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), and Région Occitanie
Subjects: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Stagnant-cap regime, Mechanical Engineering, Surfactants, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Rising bubbles, Mass transfer, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Condensed Matter Physics, Direct numerical simulation
Abstract: International audience; Direct Numerical Simulations are performed to investigate the gas-liquid mass transfer around a rising spherical bubble contaminated by insoluble surfactants. The surfactant transport on the bubble surface and the Marangoni effect are taken into account when solving the hydrodynamics, resulting in the stagnant-cap condition. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the mass transfer by varying the Reynolds, Marangoni and Schmidt numbers. A thorough analysis of the impact of surfactants on the bubble hydrodynamics is presented through a correlation for the maximum velocity u∗max along the interface as a function of the contamination angle θcap. These two parameters are then found to be crucial to quantify the rate of mass transfer around the interface. The latter is analyzed through the Sherwood number which decreases when the interface is partially immobilized, between the value for a clean bubble and a solid sphere. A local analysis of the mass flux is carried out, which shows that the boundary layer thickens around the immobilized zone of the interface, and that the transfer rate in the mobile zone is also lower than for a clean bubble at same Re, both effects resulting in a decrease of the global Sh. The latter is in particular very sensitive to the local hydrodynamic condition in the front part of the inter-face, where the flux is locally higher and which can be characterized by the intensity of the maximum surface velocity. Finally, a correlation is proposed to predict the Sherwood number of a contaminated bubble depending on both global (Re, Sc) and local (θcap, u∗max) parameters, with a large range of validity (1 ≤ Re ≤ 100, 1 ≤ Sc ≤ 500, 0 ≤ θcap ≤ π ) based on a comparison with previous numerical studies.
Published: 2022

19. Nano-Structuration of WO3 Nanoleaves by Localized Hydrolysis of an Organometallic Zn Precursor: Application to Photocatalytic NO2 Abatement

Author: Kevin Castello Lux, Katia Fajerwerg, Julie Hot, Erick Ringot, Alexandra Bertron, Vincent Collière, Myrtil L. Kahn, Stéphane Loridant, Yannick Coppel, Pierre Fau, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions (LMDC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LRVision, Departamento Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación [Malaga] (LCC), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], IRCELYON-Catalyse Hétérogène pour la Transition Energétique (CATREN), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Région Occitanie (Phot’Innovair project), and SME LRVision
Subjects: NO2 abatement, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, Hetero nanomaterials, General Materials Science, WO3 nanoleaves, Localized hydrolysis, Photocatalysis, hetero nanomaterials, localized hydrolysis, photocatalysis
Abstract: WO3 is a known photocatalytic metal oxide frequently studied for its depollution properties. However, it suffers from a high recombination rate of the photogenerated electron/holes pair that is detrimental to its performance. In this paper, we present a new chemical method to decorate WO3 nanoleaves (NLs) with a complementary metal oxide (ZnWO4) in order to improve the photocatalytic performance of the composite material for the abatement of 400 ppb NO2 under mild UV exposure. Our strategy was to synthesize WO3·2H2O nanoleaves, then, to expose them, in water-free organic solution, to an organometallic precursor of Zn(Cy)2. A structural water molecule from WO3·2H2O spontaneously decomposes Zn(Cy)2 and induces the formation of the ZnO@WO3·H2O nanocomposite. The material was characterized by electronic microscopy (SEM, TEM), TGA, XRD, Raman and solid NMR spectroscopies. A simple thermal treatment under air at 500 °C affords the ZnWO4@WO3 nanocomposite. The resulting material, additionally decorated with 1% wt. Au, presents a remarkable increase (+166%) in the photocatalytic abatement of NO2 under UV compared to the pristine WO3 NLs. This synthesis method paves the way to the versatile preparation of a wide range of MOx@WO3 nanocomposites (MOx = metal oxide).
Published: 2022

20. Coupling radiative, conductive and convective heat-transfers in a single Monte Carlo algorithm: a general theoretical framework for linear situations

Author: Jean Marc Tregan, Jean Luc Amestoy, Megane Bati, Jean-Jacques Bezian, Stéphane Blanco, Laurent Brunel, Cyril Caliot, Julien Charon, Jean-Francois Cornet, Christophe Coustet, Louis d’Alençon, Jeremi Dauchet, Sebastien Dutour, Simon Eibner, Mouna El Hafi, Vincent Eymet, Olivier Farges, Vincent Forest, Richard Fournier, Mathieu Galtier, Victor Gattepaille, Jacques Gautrais, Zili He, Frédéric Hourdin, Loris Ibarrart, Jean-Louis Joly, Paule Lapeyre, Pascal Lavieille, Marie-Helene Lecureux, Jacques Lluc, Marc Miscevic, Nada Mourtaday, Yaniss Nyffenegger-Péré, Lionel Pelissier, Lea Penazzi, Benjamin Piaud, Clément Rodrigues-Viguier, Gisele Roques, Maxime Roger, Thomas Saez, Guillaume Terrée, Najda Villefranque, Thomas Vourc’h, Daniel Yaacoub, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Structural Models and Tools in Computer Graphics (IRIT-STORM), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Groupe de Recherche Energétique, Plasmas et Hors Equilibre (LAPLACE-GREPHE), PhotonLyx Technology S.L., Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Méso-Star, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Énergies et Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée (LEMTA ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Energétique et de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Education, Formation, Travail, Savoirs (EFTS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), LTZ Electronique, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Région Occitanie, France (Projet 1260 CLE EDSTAR), French government research 1261 program 'Investissements d'Avenir' through the IDEX-ISITE initiative 16-IDEX-0001 1262 (CAP 20-25), ANR-16-CE01-0010,HIGH-TUNE,Amélioration et calibration des paramétrisations des nuages de couche limite à partir de simulations haute résolution(2016), ANR-18-CE46-0012,MCG-Rad,Calcul par Monte-Carlo des forçages radiatifs à l'échelle globale(2018), ANR-10-LABX-0016,IMoBS3,Innovative Mobility : Smart and Sustainable Solutions(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0022,SOLSTICE,Solar Energy, Science, Technology and Innovation for Energy Conversion(2010), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Blanco, Stephane, Amélioration et calibration des paramétrisations des nuages de couche limite à partir de simulations haute résolution - - HIGH-TUNE2016 - ANR-16-CE01-0010 - AAPG2016 - VALID, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Calcul par Monte-Carlo des forçages radiatifs à l'échelle globale - - MCG-Rad2018 - ANR-18-CE46-0012 - AAPG2018 - VALID, Laboratoires d'excellence - Innovative Mobility : Smart and Sustainable Solutions - - IMoBS32010 - ANR-10-LABX-0016 - LABX - VALID, Laboratoires d'excellence - Solar Energy, Science, Technology and Innovation for Energy Conversion - - SOLSTICE2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0022 - LABX - VALID, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications [Pau] (LMAP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Supérieure des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ESTACA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université de Lyon, and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], 64 pages, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], [SPI.MECA.THER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; It was recently shown that radiation, conduction and convection can be combined within a single Monte Carlo algorithm and that such an algorithm immediately benefits from state-of-the-art computer-graphics advances when dealing with complex geometries. The theoretical foundations that make this coupling possible are fully exposed for the first time, supporting the intuitive pictures of continuous thermal paths that run through the different physics at work. First, the theoretical frameworks of propagators and Green’s functions are used to demonstrate that a coupled model involving different physical phenomena can be probabilized. Second, they are extended and made operational using the Feynman-Kac theory and stochastic processes. Finally, the theoretical framework is supported by a new proposal for an approximation of coupled Brownian trajectories compatible with the algorithmic design required by ray-tracing acceleration techniques in highly refined geometry.
Published: 2022

21. Towards kilometer-scale ocean–atmosphere–wave coupled forecast: a case study on a Mediterranean heavy precipitation event

Author: Cindy Lebeaupin Brossier, Marie-Noëlle Bouin, César Sauvage, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSU/MISTRALS/HyMeX- Région Occitanie, HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean EXperiment), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Convection, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Severe weather, 010505 oceanography, Physics, QC1-999, Lead (sea ice), [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Numerical weather prediction, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Chemistry, Mediterranean sea, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Submarine pipeline, Precipitation, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The western Mediterranean Sea area is frequently affected in autumn by heavy precipitation events (HPEs). These severe meteorological episodes, characterized by strong offshore low-level winds and heavy rain in a short period of time, can lead to severe flooding and wave-submersion events. This study aims to progress towards an integrated short-range forecast system via coupled modeling for a better representation of the processes at the air–sea interface. In order to identify and quantify the coupling impacts, coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave simulations were performed for a HPE that occurred between 12 and 14 October 2016 in the south of France. The experiment using the coupled AROME-NEMO-WaveWatchIII system was notably compared to atmosphere-only, coupled atmosphere–wave and ocean–atmosphere simulations. The results showed that the HPE fine-scale forecast is sensitive to both couplings: the interactive coupling with the ocean leads to significant changes in the heat and moisture supply of the HPE that intensify the convective systems, while coupling with a wave model mainly leads to changes in the low-level dynamics, affecting the location of the convergence that triggers convection over the sea. Result analysis of this first case study with the AROME-NEMO-WaveWatchIII system does not clearly show major changes in the forecasts with coupling and highlights some attention points to follow (ocean initialization notably). Nonetheless, it illustrates the higher realism and potential benefits of kilometer-scale coupled numerical weather prediction systems, in particular in the case of severe weather events over the sea and/or in coastal areas, and shows their affordability to confidently progress towards operational coupled forecasts.
Published: 2021

22. Efficiency of the traditional practice of traps to stimulate black truffle production, and its ecological mechanisms

Author: E, Taschen, G, Callot, P, Savary, M, Sauve, Y, Penuelas-Samaniego, F, Rousset, X, Parlade, M-A, Selosse, F, Richard, Producció Vegetal, Protecció Vegetal Sostenible, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), IRTA Cabrils, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Gdańsk (UG), and Région Occitanie
Subjects: Soil, Multidisciplinary, Ascomycota, Mycorrhizae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Microbiology
Abstract: International audience; The black truffle Tuber melanosporum was disseminated all over the world, propelled by the development of a wide variety of empirical practices. A widespread practice, called ‘truffle trap’, consists of placing pieces of truffles into excavations dug under host trees, and of collecting truffle in these traps in the next years. This research aims at (1) evaluating the effect of this practice on fruitbody production based on the analysis of 9924 truffle traps installed in 11 orchards across T. melanosporum native area in France and (2) exploring the mechanisms involved in fruitbody emergence using traps where the genotypes of introduced truffles were compared with those of fruitbodies collected in the same traps. We confirmed that truffle traps provide a major and highly variable part of truffle ground production, representing up to 89% of the collected fruitbodies. We evidenced a genetic link between introduced spores and collected fruitbodies, and then demonstrated that truffle growers provide paternal partners for mating with local maternal mycelia. We also highlighted that soil disturbance stimulate the vegetative development of established maternal mycelia. This research supports that a widely used traditional practice enhances fruitbody production by shaping favorable conditions and providing sexual partners required for fruiting.The black truffle Tuber melanosporum was disseminated all over the world, propelled by the development of a wide variety of empirical practices. A widespread practice, called ‘truffle trap’, consists of placing pieces of truffles into excavations dug under host trees, and of collecting truffle in these traps in the next years. This research aims at (1) evaluating the effect of this practice on fruitbody production based on the analysis of 9924 truffle traps installed in 11 orchards across T. melanosporum native area in France and (2) exploring the mechanisms involved in fruitbody emergence using traps where the genotypes of introduced truffles were compared with those of fruitbodies collected in the same traps. We confirmed that truffle traps provide a major and highly variable part of truffle ground production, representing up to 89% of the collected fruitbodies. We evidenced a genetic link between introduced spores and collected fruitbodies, and then demonstrated that truffle growers provide paternal partners for mating with local maternal mycelia. We also highlighted that soil disturbance stimulate the vegetative development of established maternal mycelia. This research supports that a widely used traditional practice enhances fruitbody production by shaping favorable conditions and providing sexual partners required for fruiting.
Published: 2022

23. Grape Polyphenols in the Treatment of Human Skeletal Muscle Damage Due to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Obesity and Aging: Early Outcomes and Promises

Author: Karen Lambert, Adriana Capozzi, Cédric Saucier, Catherine Bisbal, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Région Occitanie: Green2Grape project, University of Montpellier (ED GAIA), and MORNET, Dominique
Subjects: Inflammation, Aging, Sarcopenia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Polyphenols, clinical trial, resveratrol, Analytical Chemistry, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Oxidative Stress, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Drug Discovery, Molecular Medicine, Animals, Humans, Vitis, Obesity, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, skeletal muscle, Muscle, Skeletal, grape polyphenols, Aged
Abstract: International audience; Today, inactivity and high-calorie diets contribute to the development of obesity and premature aging. In addition, the population of elderly people is growing due to improvements in healthcare management. Obesity and aging are together key risk factors for non-communicable diseases associated with several co-morbidities and increased mortality, with a major impact on skeletal muscle defect and/or poor muscle mass quality. Skeletal muscles contribute to multiple body functions and play a vital role throughout the day, in all our activities. In our society, limiting skeletal muscle deterioration, frailty and dependence is not only a major public health challenge but also a major socio-economic issue. Specific diet supplementation with natural chemical compounds such as grape polyphenols had shown to play a relevant and direct role in regulating metabolic and molecular pathways involved in the prevention and treatment of obesity and aging and their related muscle comorbidities in cell culture and animal studies. However, clinical studies aiming to restore skeletal muscle mass and function with nutritional grape polyphenols supplementation are still very scarce. There is an urgent need for clinical studies to validate the very encouraging results observed in animal models.
Published: 2022

24. Earbox, an open tool for high-throughput measurement of the spatial organization of maize ears and inference of novel traits

Author: V. Oury, T. Leroux, O. Turc, R. Chapuis, C. Palaffre, F. Tardieu, S. Alvarez Prado, C. Welcker, S. Lacube, Phymea Systems, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Domaine expérimental de Melgueil (MONTP MELGUEIL UE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité expérimentale du maïs (BORDX ST-MARTIN UE), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiologicas y Ecologicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Agronomía [Buenos Aires], Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), This study is a joined effort from Phymea-Systems and the INRAe. For Phymea-Systems, the work was largely financed by the company’s own resources with a participation from Région Occitanie funds. For the INRAe participation, this work was supported by the EU project FP7-244374 (DROPS), the projects ANR-10-BTBR-0001 (Amaizing) and ANR-11-INBS-0012 (Phenome) and the EU project H2020 731013 (EPPN2020)., ANR-10-BTBR-0001,AMAIZING,Développer de nouvelles variétés de maïs pour une agriculture durable: une approche intégrée de la génomique à la sélection(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0012,PHENOME,Centre français de phénomique végétale(2011), European Project: 244374,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,DROPS(2010), and European Project: 731013 ,EPPN2020(2017)
Subjects: Maize ear imaging, Grain abortion, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genetics, Plant Science, CNN-based deep learning, Zea mays, Environmental response, Maize ear spatial organization, Biotechnology, Grain set
Abstract: Background Characterizing plant genetic resources and their response to the environment through accurate measurement of relevant traits is crucial to genetics and breeding. Spatial organization of the maize ear provides insights into the response of grain yield to environmental conditions. Current automated methods for phenotyping the maize ear do not capture these spatial features. Results We developed EARBOX, a low-cost, open-source system for automated phenotyping of maize ears. EARBOX integrates open-source technologies for both software and hardware that facilitate its deployment and improvement for specific research questions. The imaging platform consists of a customized box in which ears are repeatedly imaged as they rotate via motorized rollers. With deep learning based on convolutional neural networks, the image analysis algorithm uses a two-step procedure: ear-specific grain masks are first created and subsequently used to extract a range of trait data per ear, including ear shape and dimensions, the number of grains and their spatial organisation, and the distribution of grain dimensions along the ear. The reliability of each trait was validated against ground-truth data from manual measurements. Moreover, EARBOX derives novel traits, inaccessible through conventional methods, especially the distribution of grain dimensions along grain cohorts, relevant for ear morphogenesis, and the distribution of abortion frequency along the ear, relevant for plant response to stress, especially soil water deficit. Conclusions The proposed system provides robust and accurate measurements of maize ear traits including spatial features. Future developments include grain type and colour categorisation. This method opens avenues for high-throughput genetic or functional studies in the context of plant adaptation to a changing environment.
Published: 2022

25. Improving Recursive Dynamic Parameter Estimation of Manipulators by knowing Robot's Model integrated in the Controller

Author: Fabio Ardiani, Mourad Benoussaad, Alexandre Janot, Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (ENIT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), DTIS, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Financement Région Occitanie, European Project, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE)
Subjects: Recursive estimation, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Parameter identification, Robots Manipulators, Closed Loop Identification, Instrumental variable, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Robotics Technology, Robots Manipulators Recursive Identification, Control and Systems Engineering, Recursive Identification, Grey Box Modelling, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Identification Methods, Robotique, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Industrial robots
Abstract: This work deals with recursive dynamic parameter identification in robotics and presents a new method applied to industrial manipulators based on the recursive instrumental variable. We construct the instrumental matrix by filtering the reference trajectory and its derivatives with the position closed-loop transfer function previously identified with standard today’s toolboxes, such as CAPTAIN. This implies that we no longer need to simulate the direct dynamic model and, therefore, to know the controller, and that we can build the instrumental matrix beforehand. Besides the closed-loop transfer function acting as a unitary gain at low frequencies, we can use the references directly if only low frequencies are excited. This approach, called Inverse Dynamic Identification Model Recursive Instrumental Variable (IDIM-RIV), is evaluated offline on the 7 degrees of freedom KUKA LBR iiwa R820 manipulator. The experimental validation suggests that IDIM-RIV is computationally cheaper than its en-bloc version, can identify 64 dynamic parameters, and presents good robustness against noise and algorithm initialization.
Published: 2022

26. Pre- and Postnatal Dietary Exposure to a Pesticide Cocktail Disrupts Ovarian Functions in 8-Week-Old Female Mice

Author: Léonie Dopavogui, Florence Cadoret, Gaspard Loison, Sara El Fouikar, François-Xavier Frenois, Frank Giton, Sandrine Ellero-Simatos, Frédéric Lasserre, Arnaud Polizzi, Clémence Rives, Nicolas Loiseau, Roger D. Léandri, Nicolas Gatimel, Laurence Gamet-Payrastre, Toxicologie Intégrative & Métabolisme (ToxAlim-TIM), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité et Environnement (DEFE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Exposition, Perturbation Endocrino-métabolique et Reproduction (ToxAlim-EXPER), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), L.D. was supported by a Ph.D. grant from INRAE (Animal Health Department). This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry for Agriculture and Food and the Ministry for an Ecological and Solidary Transition, with the financial support of the French Biodiversity Agency (GepeTho), by ANR France (Syneract), and by Région Occitanie. This work also received funding from Agence de la Biomédecine (AOR 2019).This paper benefited from the Imag’IN Platform of the Institut Universitaire du Cancer from April 2019 to August 2021 https://www.imagin-labs.net/imagin_v2/index.php? lang=EN (last accessed on 5 June 2022). We thank X. Blanc from INRAe SAAJ (Jouy-en-Josas) for his technical support for pellet preparation., ANR-18-CE34-0009,SYNERACT,Activation synergique de recepteurs nucléaires(2018), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), LESUR, Hélène, and APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Activation synergique de recepteurs nucléaires - - SYNERACT2018 - ANR-18-CE34-0009 - AAPG2018 - VALID
Subjects: pesticide, folliculogenesis, ovary, endocrine disruption, progesterone, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Organic Chemistry, Pesticide Residues, General Medicine, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Inorganic Chemistry, Dietary Exposure, Mice, Fruit, Animals, Female, Chlorpyrifos, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Pesticides, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; Female infertility has a multifactorial origin, and exposure to contaminants, including pesticides, with endocrine-disrupting properties is considered to be involved in this reproductive disorder, especially when it occurs during early life. Pesticides are present in various facets of the environment, and consumers are exposed to a combination of multiple pesticide residues through food intake. The consequences of such exposure with respect to female fertility are not well known. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of pre- and postnatal dietary exposure to a pesticide mixture on folliculogenesis, a crucial process in female reproduction. Mice were exposed to the acceptable daily intake levels of six pesticides in a mixture (boscalid, captan, chlorpyrifos, thiacloprid, thiophanate and ziram) from foetal development until 8 weeks old. Female offspring presented with decreased body weight at weaning, which was maintained at 8 weeks old. This was accompanied by an abnormal ovarian ultrastructure, a drastic decrease in the number of corpora lutea and progesterone levels and an increase in ovary cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study shows that this pesticide mixture that can be commonly found in fruits in Europe, causing endocrine disruption in female mice with pre- and postnatal exposure by disturbing folliculogenesis, mainly in the luteinisation process.
Published: 2022
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27. Gestion de la dispersion chromatique d'un laser à verrouillage de modes pour l'optimisation en bruit de phase d'un COEO employant un SOA

Author: Bougaud, Alexis, Fernandez, Arnaud, Llopis, Olivier, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), CNES, Région Occitanie, DGA, and Llopis, Olivier
Subjects: [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, dispersion chromatique, modèle analytique, modèle numérique, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, SOA, impulsions, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, laser à verrouillage de modes actif, COEO, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract: National audience; Nous proposons une étude analytique, numérique et expérimentale permettant de quantifier le profil d'amplitude et de phase des impulsions picosecondes générées par un laser à verrouillage de modes fibré à base d'amplificateur optique à semi-conducteur (SOA) en vue d'optimiser les performances en bruit de phase d'un oscillateur optoélectronique couplé (COEO) oscillant à 10 GHz. Nous allons démontrer qu'une très faible dispersion anormale prévaut à l'optimisation d'un COEO.
Published: 2022

28. Cross-Talk Between the Intestinal Epithelium and Salmonella Typhimurium

Author: Sandrine Ménard, Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé, Katrin Ehrhardt, Jin Yan, Guntram A. Grassl, Agnès Wiedemann, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), German Center for Infection Research - partner site Hannover-Braunschweig (DZIF), The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University [Hunan, China], Central South University [Changsha], France Région Occitanie/FEDER, Fondation Allemande pour la recherche (SFB900/3 - 158989968, TP08), Centre allemand de recherche sur les infections (DZIF), and Wiedemann, Agnès
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], host defense, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], gastrointestinal tract, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, bacteria, invasion, Microbiology, survival, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Abstract: Salmonella entericaserovars are invasive gram-negative bacteria, causing a wide range of diseases from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever, representing a public health threat around the world.Salmonellagains access to the intestinal lumen after oral ingestion of contaminated food or water. The crucial initial step to establish infection is the interaction with the intestinal epithelium. Human-adapted serovars such asS.Typhi orS.Paratyphi disseminate to systemic organs and induce life-threatening disease known as typhoid fever, whereas broad-host serovars such asS.Typhimurium usually are limited to the intestine and responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. To overcome intestinal epithelial barrier,Salmonelladeveloped mechanisms to induce cellular invasion, intracellular replication and to face host defence mechanisms. Depending on the serovar and the respective host organism, disease symptoms differ and are linked to the ability of the bacteria to manipulate the epithelial barrier for its own profit and cross the intestinal epithelium.This review will focus onS.Typhimurium (STm). To better understand STm pathogenesis, it is crucial to characterize the crosstalk between STm and the intestinal epithelium and decipher the mechanisms and epithelial cell types involved. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge on the molecular dialogue between STm and the various cell types constituting the intestinal epithelium with a focus on the mechanisms developed by STm to cross the intestinal epithelium and access to subepithelial or systemic sites and survive host defense mechanisms.
Published: 2022

29. Fungal Contamination of Building Materials and the Aerosolization of Particles and Toxins in Indoor Air and Their Associated Risks to Health: A Review

Author: Mohamad Al Hallak, Thomas Verdier, Alexandra Bertron, Christine Roques, Jean-Denis Bailly, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions (LMDC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques (ENSIACET), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This research was funded by Région Occitanie (Project SoBio2QAI)., Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: building materials, bioaerosols, mycotoxins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, indoor air quality (IAQ), fungi, aerosolization, Toxicology
Abstract: International audience; It is now well established that biological pollution is a major cause of the degradation of indoor air quality. It has been shown that microbial communities from the outdoors may significantly impact the communities detected indoors. One can reasonably assume that the fungal contamination of the surfaces of building materials and their release into indoor air may also significantly impact indoor air quality. Fungi are well known as common contaminants of the indoor environment with the ability to grow on many types of building materials and to subsequently release biological particles into the indoor air. The aerosolization of allergenic compounds or mycotoxins borne by fungal particles or vehiculated by dust may have a direct impact on the occupant’s health. However, to date, very few studies have investigated such an impact. The present paper reviewed the available data on indoor fungal contamination in different types of buildings with the aim of highlighting the direct connections between the growth on indoor building materials and the degradation of indoor air quality through the aerosolization of mycotoxins. Some studies showed that average airborne fungal spore concentrations were higher in buildings where mould was a contaminant than in normal buildings and that there was a strong association between fungal contamination and health problems for occupants. In addition, the most frequent fungal species on surfaces are also those most commonly identified in indoor air, regardless the geographical location in Europe or the USA. Some fungal species contaminating the indoors may be dangerous for human health as they produce mycotoxins. These contaminants, when aerosolized with fungal particles, can be inhaled and may endanger human health. However, it appears that more work is needed to characterize the direct impact of surface contamination on the airborne fungal particle concentration. In addition, fungal species growing in buildings and their known mycotoxins are different from those contaminating foods. This is why further in situ studies to identify fungal contaminants at the species level and to quantify their average concentration on both surfaces and in the air are needed to be better predict health risks due to mycotoxin aerosolization.
Published: 2023

30. The crop residue conundrum: maintaining long-term soil organic carbon stocks while reinforcing the bioeconomy, compatible endeavors?

Author: Christhel Andrade, Hugues Clivot, Ariane Albers, Ezequiel Zamora-Ledezma, Lorie Hamelin, Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM), Department of Chemical, Biotechnological and Food Processes, Faculty of Mathematical, Physics and Chemistry Sciences, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM), Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Région Occitanie 18015981, French Embassy in Ecuador under the Project 'Fonds de Solidarite pour Projets Innovants' (FSPI), and ANR-17-MPGA-0006,CambioSCOP,Carbon management towards low fossil carbon use(2017)
Subjects: SOC modeling, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mechanical Engineering, Digestate, Building and Construction, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Biochar, General Energy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Bioethanol molasses, Recalcitrance, Hydrochar
Abstract: Crop residues are key to supply carbon to the bioeconomy without interfering with food security. However, it is often suggested to export no more than half of this potential to ensure the maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. In this study, we challenge this idea by assessing how the residues use for the bioeconomy is intertwined with the maintenance of long-term SOC stocks, and thus the amount that can safely be harvested. We considered the coproduct return to the soil from five bioeconomy scenarios: i) pyrolysis biochar, ii) gasification biochar, iii) hydrothermal liquefaction hydrochar, iv) anaerobic digestion digestate, and v) lignocellulosic ethanol molasses. To compare the long-term SOC changes from these scenarios against a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, in which crop residues are left unharvested, we developed an original framework coupling a SOC model with a bioeconomy module, that we applied at high spatial resolution to cover over 60,000 combinations of crop rotations and pedoclimatic units over France, for 2020–2120. The SOC model was adapted to consider the recalcitrance to degradation of each coproduct, while the bioeconomy module determines the share of carbon from the crop residues allocated to the coproducts. Our results show that crop residues could be completely harvested if biochar from pyrolysis or gasification is returned to soils, with SOC expected to double as compared to the BAU scenario. Replacing crop residues with hydrochar was shown to increase SOC stocks in 87% of the areas (max + 8%), while the digestate scenario predicted minor SOC increases in 50% of the areas (max + 0.76%) and decreases in 40% of the areas (min − 4%). The molasses scenario yielded SOC losses in all the areas and is thus not recommended as a C maintenance strategy. Excluding these, an additional amount of 60.4–191 PJ of crop residues (use-dependent) could be available for the French bioeconomy in comparison to applying a universal removal rate of 31.5%.
Published: 2022

31. Heterogeneity in effective size across the genome: effects on the inverse instantaneous coalescence rate (IICR) and implications for demographic inference under linked selection

Author: Lounes Chikhi, Olivier Mazet, Armando Arredondo Soto, Simon Boitard, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência [Oeiras] (IGC), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Armando Arredondo was funded by the Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi Pyrénées (UFTMiP) and the Région Occitanie (formerly Midi-Pyrénées) with PhD grant No. 31I2017M248. Lounès Chikhi was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (ref. PTDC-BIA-EVL/30815/2017). Olivier Mazet and Lounès Chikhi were funded by the 2015–2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals, with the national funders ANR (ANR-16-EBI3-0014) and the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia ref. Biodiversa/0003/2015 and PT-DLR (01LC1617A). This work was also supported by the LABEX entitled TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-0041 and ANR-11-IDEX-0002) as well as the IRP BEEG-B (Laboratoire International Associé-Bioinformatics, Ecology, Evolution, Genomics and Behaviour). We acknowledge an Investissement d’Avenir grant of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025)., ANR-16-EBI3-0014,INFRAGECO,Inference, fragmentation, genomics and conservation(2016), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), UMR6553 ECOBIO, and boitard, simon
Subjects: Population Density, Investigation, Genome, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Models, Genetic, population structure, Genomics, demographic inference, drosophila melanogaster, linked selection, [SDV.GEN.GPO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetics, Selection, Genetic, coalescence times, humans, effective population size
Abstract: The first submitted version of this article (BioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.11.448122) included Camille Noûs as a coauthor. Camille Noûs is not a real person but a symbolic author who embodies the collegial nature of our work (https://www.cogitamus.fr/camilleen.html). As many other scientists before us, we wished to include Camille Noûs as a coauthor to acknowledge the contribution of our academic community and emphasize that the construction and dissemination of scientific knowledge is intrinsically selfless, collaborative, and open. The editorial team of Genetics expressed disagreement with this co-authorship, arguing that Camille Noûs does not comply to the authorship rules set forth by ICMJE. These rules were created because some humans behave in nonethical ways and authorship rules thus provide important safeguards against such behaviors, but we believe that they should only apply to humans. We also believe in the importance of publishing in historical journals edited by a scientific society, like Genetics. For these reasons we regret this editorial decision but decided to maintain our submission. We appreciate the frank and sympathetic exchanges we had with the editorial team and would like to thank them for allowing us to write this text, which we hope will contribute to open debates on (and improve) a publication and evaluation system that needs change.; International audience; The relative contribution of selection and neutrality in shaping species genetic diversity is one of the most central and controversial questions in evolutionary theory. Genomic data provide growing evidence that linked selection, i.e. the modification of genetic diversity at neutral sites through linkage with selected sites, might be pervasive over the genome. Several studies proposed that linked selection could be modeled as first approximation by a local reduction (e.g. purifying selection, selective sweeps) or increase (e.g. balancing selection) of effective population size (Ne). At the genome-wide scale, this leads to variations of Ne from one region to another, reflecting the heterogeneity of selective constraints and recombination rates between regions. We investigate here the consequences of such genomic variations of Ne on the genome-wide distribution of coalescence times. The underlying motivation concerns the impact of linked selection on demographic inference, because the distribution of coalescence times is at the heart of several important demographic inference approaches. Using the concept of inverse instantaneous coalescence rate, we demonstrate that in a panmictic population, linked selection always results in a spurious apparent decrease of Ne along time. Balancing selection has a particularly large effect, even when it concerns a very small part of the genome. We also study more general models including genuine population size changes, population structure or transient selection and find that the effect of linked selection can be significantly reduced by that of population structure. The models and conclusions presented here are also relevant to the study of other biological processes generating apparent variations of Ne along the genome.
Published: 2022

32. Unfavorable genetic correlations between fecal egg count and milk production traits in the French blond-faced Manech dairy sheep breed

Author: Sophie Aguerre, Jean-Michel Astruc, Andrés Legarra, Léa Bordes, Françoise Prevot, Christelle Grisez, Corinne Vial Novella, Francis Fidelle, Philippe Jacquiet, Carole Moreno-Romieux, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de l'élevage, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), UMT Pilotage de la Santé des Ruminants, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre Départemental de l'Elevage Ovin (CDEO), Phenotyping of the rams of the selection scheme was funded by the projects Action innovante FENOPAR (France Genetique Elevage) and PARALUT (Projet Region Nouvelle Aquitaine). The project Sustradeoff (ERANET SUSAN, 696231) contributed to the funding of the data analysis. The authors are grateful to Francis Fidelle (CDEO, Ordiap, France) for assisting with animal care and data collection. Sophie Aguerre acknowledges the support of the Région Occitanie and INRAE Animal Health and Animal Genetics Divisions for her Ph.D. grant., and European Project: 696231,H2020,H2020-ISIB-2015-1,SusAn(2016)
Subjects: Male, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Sheep, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Sheep Diseases, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, General Medicine, Milk, Genetics, Animals, Lactation, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Sheep, Domestic, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Background Genetic selection has proven to be a successful strategy for the sustainable control of gastrointestinal parasitism in sheep. However, little is known on the relationship between resistance to parasites and production traits in dairy breeds. In this study, we estimated the heritabilities and genetic correlations for resistance to parasites and milk production traits in the blond-faced Manech breed. The resistance to parasites of 951 rams from the selection scheme was measured through fecal egg counts (FEC) at 30 days post-infection under experimental conditions. Six milk production traits [milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat content (FC), protein content (PC) and somatic cell score (LSCS)], were used in this study and were collected on 140,127 dairy ewes in first lactation, as part of the official milk recording. These ewes were related to the 951 rams (65% of the ewes were daughters of the rams). Results Fecal egg counts at the end of the first and second infections were moderately heritable (0.19 and 0.37, respectively) and highly correlated (0.93). Heritabilities were moderate for milk yields (ranging from 0.24 to 0.29 for MY, FY and PY) and high for FC (0.35) and PC (0.48). MY was negatively correlated with FC and PC (− 0.39 and − 0.45, respectively). FEC at the end of the second infection were positively correlated with MY, FY and PY (0.28, 0.29 and 0.24, respectively with standard errors of ~ 0.10). These slightly unfavorable correlations indicate that the animals with a high production potential are genetically more susceptible to gastrointestinal parasite infections. A low negative correlation (− 0.17) was also found between FEC after the second infection and LSCS, which suggests that there is a small genetic antagonism between resistance to gastrointestinal parasites and resistance to mastitis, which is another important health trait in dairy sheep. Conclusions Our results indicate an unfavorable but low genetic relationship between resistance to gastrointestinal parasites and milk production traits in the blond-faced Manech breed. These results will help the breeders’ association make decisions about how to include resistance to parasites in the selection objective.
Published: 2022

33. Intercellular Communication in the Brain through Tunneling Nanotubes

Author: Khattar E. Khattar, Janice Safi, Anne-Marie Rodriguez, Marie-Luce Vignais, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, INCa-Cancéropôle GSO, Fondation de l’Avenir (AP-RM-19-001), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Région Occitanie-GliMit and SATT-AxLR, ANR-20-CE18-0035,MiMeTiC,Les mitochondries pour stimuler les capacités thérapeutiques des cellules souches mésenchymateuses pour l'ischémie cardiaque(2020), Vignais, Marie-Luce, and Les mitochondries pour stimuler les capacités thérapeutiques des cellules souches mésenchymateuses pour l'ischémie cardiaque - - MiMeTiC2020 - ANR-20-CE18-0035 - AAPG2020 - VALID
Subjects: Cancer Research, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), brain, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], astrocytes, neurons, degenerative brain diseases, mitochondria, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], tunneling nanotubes, Oncology, glioma, tumor microenvironment, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs)
Abstract: International audience; Intercellular communication is essential for tissue homeostasis and function. Understanding how cells interact with each other is paramount, as crosstalk between cells is often dysregulated in diseases and can contribute to their progression. Cells communicate with each other through several modalities, including paracrine secretion and specialized structures ensuring physical contact between them. Among these intercellular specialized structures, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are now recognized as a means of cell-to-cell communication through the exchange of cellular cargo, controlled by a variety of biological triggers, as described here. Intercellular communication is fundamental to brain function. It allows the dialogue between the many cells, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, glial cells, microglia, necessary for the proper development and function of the brain. We highlight here the role of TNTs in connecting these cells, for the physiological functioning of the brain and in pathologies such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and gliomas. Understanding these processes could pave the way for future therapies.
Published: 2022

34. Does substituting reprotoxic solvents during ultrafiltration membrane fabrication really mitigate environmental impacts? Focus on drinking water production

Author: Flavie Prézélus, Jean-Christophe Remigy, Christelle Guigui, Ligia Tiruta-Barna, Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université Fédérale de Toulouse (PRES) and Région Occitanie/Pyrenées-Mediterranée
Subjects: Life cycle assessment, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Strategy and Management, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Process modelling, Water treatment, Process ecodesign, Building and Construction, Hollow fiber, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Solvent substitution, Membrane filtration, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The purpose of this research is to fill knowledge gaps on the relevance of solvent substitution from a life cycle perspective and to put forth relevant operating conditions for possible process optimisation and eco-design. Solvents commonly used to prepare ultrafiltration membranes for drinking water applications are indeed identified by the European REACH regulation for their potential reproductive toxicity and are the subject of research as regards their substitution. Coupling Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with process modelling allowed to compare conventional membranes (cellulose triacetate as polymer, NMP as solvent) to biosourced membranes (cellulose diacetate as polymer, methyl lactate as solvent). Although methyl lactate fabrication leads to lower environmental scores than NMP fabrication (32% and 10% less GWP100 and ReCiPe Endpoint, respectively), LCA scores for membrane fabrication are similar (1.9 points ReCiPe for 1 m(2) membrane) or slightly different, i.e. 11 kg CO2-eq and 9.4 kg CO2-eq for 1 m(2)& nbsp;of conventional and biosourced membrane, respectively. From an environmental point of view, solvent substitution has little influence on impacts. Rather, environmental hotspots lie in the operation stage, with impact scores about 10,000 times higher than those of membrane fabrication, which holds out considerable prospects for the optimisation of operating conditions on drinking water plants.
Published: 2022

35. Grapevine yield estimation in a context of climate change: the GraY model

Author: Naulleau, Audrey, Hossard, Laure, Prévot, Laurent, Gary, Christian, Gary, Christian, Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Région Occitanie, Projet Laccave, Inrae, ISVV, and UMR EGFV
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, climate change, grape yield, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, vineyard management, semi-empirical model, water constraint
Abstract: International audience; Grapevine yield is a key indicator to assess the impacts of climate change and the relevance of adaptation strategies in a vineyard landscape. At this scale, a yield model should use a number of parameters and input data in relation to the information available and be able to reproduce vineyard management decisions (e.g. soil and canopy management, irrigation). In this study, we used data from six experimental sites in Southern France (cv. Syrah) to calibrate a model of grapevine yield limited by water constraint (GraY). Each yield component (bud fertility, number of berries per bunch, berry weight) was calculated as a function of the soil water availability simulated by the WaLIS water balance model at critical phenological phases. The model was then evaluated in 10 grapegrowers' plots, covering a diversity of biophysical and technical contexts (soil type, canopy size, irrigation, cover crop). We identified three critical periods for yield formation: after flowering on the previous year for the number of bunches and berries, around pre-veraison and post-veraison of the same year for mean berry weight. Yields were simulated with a model efficiency (EF) of 0.62 (NRMSE = 0.28). Bud fertility and number of berries per bunch were more accurately simulated (EF = 0.90 and 0.77, NRMSE = 0.06 and 0.10, respectively) than berry weight (EF =-0.31, NRMSE = 0.17). Model efficiency on the on-farm plots reached 0.71 (NRMSE = 0.37) simulating yields from 1 to 8 kg/plant. The GraY model is an original model estimating grapevine yield evolution on the basis of water availability under future climatic conditions. It allows to evaluate the effects of various adaptation levers such as planting density, cover crop management, fruit/leaf ratio, shading and irrigation, in various production contexts.
Published: 2022

36. Co-design and evaluation of spatially explicit strategies of adaptation to climate change in a Mediterranean vineyard watershed

Author: Naulleau, Audrey, Hossard, Laure, Prevot, Laurent, Gary, Christian, Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Région Occitanie, INRAE, ISVV, UMR EGFV, Projet Laccave, and Gary, Christian
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, grapevine model, climate change, water-saving practices, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, participatory design, landscape
Abstract: International audience; Climate change challenges differently wine growing systems, depending on their biophysical, sociological, and economic features. There is a need to locally design and evaluate adaptation strategies combining several technical options and considering local opportunities and constraints. The case study was a Mediterranean vineyard (1,500 ha) in Southern France. We organized five workshops, with in-between modelling phases to (1) design spatially explicit adaptation strategies with stakeholders, (2) numerically evaluate their effects on phenology, yield and irrigation needs under future climatic conditions, and (3) collectively discuss simulation results. A process-based model was developed to evaluate the effects of six technical options (late varieties, irrigation, reduced canopy, cover cropping, reduced density, shading), and vineyard relocation. We co-designed three adaptation strategies. Delay harvest strategy with late varieties showed little effects on decreasing air temperature during ripening. Water constraint limitation strategy would compensate for production losses if long-term adaptations were adopted, and more land got access to irrigation. Relocation strategy would foster high premium wine production in the mountainous areas where grapevine is less impacted by climate change. This research shows that a spatial distribution of technical changes allows adaptation to climate change, and that the collaboration with stakeholders is key to identify relevant adaptations.
Published: 2022

37. Laser stabilisé sur un mini-résonateur fibré

Author: Fernandez, Arnaud, Bailly, Gilles, Korti, Mokhtar, Bougaud, Alexis, Roul, Julien, Llopis, Olivier, Lumeau, Julien, Moreau, Antonin, Llopis, Olivier, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CNES, Région Occitanie, DGA
Subjects: bruit de phase, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, résonateur fibré, bruit de fréquence, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, laser
Abstract: National audience; Le résonateur optique est un composant essentiel des applications optiques-hyperfréquences, du moins lorsqu’il présente un coefficient de qualité suffisant par rapport à ceux disponibles dans le domaine électronique. Il permet par exemple la stabilisation d’oscillateurs opto-électroniques ou le filtrage micro-onde sur porteuse optique. Lorsqu’il est de dimensions suffisamment faibles et présente un intervalle spectral libre (ISL) dans le domaine micro-onde, il peut également être utilisé comme un peigne de fréquence passif : en verrouillant deux lasers sur des résonances, on réalise une source accordable pour des applications de type spectroscopie millimétrique ou THz [1]. Enfin, dans le domaine optique cette fois, un laser compact à très faible bruit de fréquence (ou de phase) est un composant particulièrement recherché pour des applications de métrologie ou des lidars.
Published: 2022

38. The role of Laplace pressure in the maximal weight of pendant drops

Author: Thierry Ruiz, Agnès Duri, Laure Lecacheux, Abdelkrim Sadoudi, Véronique Planchot, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR QualiSud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and project DEFI Blé Dur (2016-2022), that has received funding from Programme d’investissement d’avenir (PIA), and the French Région Occitanie for their financial supports.
Subjects: Materials science, Capillary action, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Curvature, Capillary force, 01 natural sciences, Maximal drop weight, law.invention, Image analysis, Biomaterials, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Laplace pressure, Piston, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, law, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Mean curvature, Pendant drop, Drop (liquid), Mechanics, Mathematics::Spectral Theory, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Overpressure, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, Volume (thermodynamics), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Hypothesis: The value of the maximal weight of a pendant drop formed at the end of a syringe needle is lower than the intensity of the corresponding capillary force. The balance of the external forces applied to the maximal pendant drop must be completed by the overpressure generated by the piston of the syringe. Inside the drop, the Laplace pressure corresponds to this overpressure.Experiments: Pendant drops are made with three liquids and five different needle diameters. The influence of Laplace pressure on the maximal weight is experimentally highlighted by modulating the drop curvatures thanks to glass beads placed at the apex of the pendant drop. Their maximal weight and curvatures are measured by image analysis.Findings: Experiments confirm that the balance of external forces must be completed by the force acting on the syringe piston. The overpressure on the piston has an impact on the drops via the Laplace pressure. A master curve between the mean curvature and the maximal volume of the pendant drops is observed. This result allows to validate an expression of the maximal weight which integrates the Laplace pressure. This work contributes to a better understanding of the maximal pendant drop properties and beyond, of the capillary phenomenon.
Published: 2022

39. Maternal heme-enriched diet promotes a gut pro-oxidative status associated with microbiota alteration, gut leakiness and glucose intolerance in mice offspring

Author: Anaïs Mazenc, Loïc Mervant, Claire Maslo, Corinne Lencina, Valérie Bézirard, Mathilde Levêque, Ingrid Ahn, Valérie Alquier-Bacquié, Nathalie Naud, Cécile Héliès-Toussaint, Laurent Debrauwer, Sylvie Chevolleau, Françoise Guéraud, Fabrice H.F. Pierre, Vassilia Théodorou, Maïwenn Olier, LESUR, Hélène, Neuro-Gastroentérologie & Nutrition (ToxAlim-NGN), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Metatoul AXIOM (E20 ), MetaboHUB-MetaToul, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Prévention et promotion de la cancérogénèse par les aliments (ToxAlim-PPCA), Toxicologie Intégrative & Métabolisme (ToxAlim-TIM), and This work was supported by the Human Nutrition and Food safety research division (AlimH) of the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), and the Région Occitanie.
Subjects: Male, Mice, Inbred C3H, Glucose metabolism, Lipoperoxidation, Red meat, Iron, Microbiota, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Organic Chemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Early life nutrition, Heme, Gut microbiota, Diet, High-Fat, Biochemistry, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Mice, Oxidative Stress, Pregnancy, Heme iron, Gut barrier, Glucose Intolerance, Animals, Female
Abstract: International audience; Maternal environment, including nutrition and microbiota, plays a critical role in determining offspring's risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes later in life. Heme iron requirement is amplified during pregnancy and lactation, while excessive dietary heme iron intake, compared to non-heme iron, has shown to trigger acute oxidative stress in the gut resulting from reactive aldehyde formation in conjunction with microbiota reshape. Given the immaturity of the antioxidant defense system in early life, we investigated the extent to which a maternal diet enriched with heme iron may have a lasting impact on gut homeostasis and glucose metabolism in 60-day-old C3H/HeN mice offspring. As hypothesized, the form of iron added to the maternal diet differentially governed the offspring's microbiota establishment despite identical fecal iron status in the offspring. Importantly, despite female offspring was unaffected, oxidative stress markers were however higher in the gut of male offspring from heme enriched-fed mothers, and were accompanied by increases in fecal lipocalin-2, intestinal para-cellular permeability and TNF-α expression. In addition, male mice displayed blood glucose intolerance resulting from impaired insulin secretion following oral glucose challenge. Using an integrated approach including an aldehydomic analysis, this male-specific phenotype was further characterized and revealed close covariations between unidentified putative reactive aldehydes and bacterial communities belonging to Bacteroidales and Lachnospirales orders. Our work highlights how the form of dietary iron in the maternal diet can dictate the oxidative status in gut offspring in a sex-dependent manner, and how a gut microbiota-driven oxidative challenge in early life can be associated with gut barrier defects and glucose metabolism disorders that may be predictive of diabetes development.
Published: 2022

40. Phylodynamic analysis of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 epidemic in France, 2016–2017

Author: Debapriyo Chakraborty, Claire Guinat, Nicola F. Müller, Francois‐Xavier Briand, Mathieu Andraud, Axelle Scoizec, Sophie Lebouquin, Eric Niqueux, Audrey Schmitz, Beatrice Grasland, Jean‐Luc Guerin, Mathilde C. Paul, Timothée Vergne, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering [ETH Zürich] (D-BSSE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), FEDER/Région Occitanie Recherche et Sociétés 2018-AI-TRACK, PREDYT project (Fonds de la Recherche pour l'Influenza Aviaire 2019), the Direction Generale de l'Alimentation, Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, France, the Swiss National Science Foundation, and European Project: 730997,EUROCHAMP2020(2020)
Subjects: virus evolution, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, modelling infectious disease dynamics, virus molecular epidemiology, animal diseases, viruses, General Medicine, Poultry, Disease Outbreaks, emerging infectious diseases, outbreak analytics, reconstruction of viral transmission, Ducks, Influenza in Birds, Animals, Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype, France, Poultry Diseases
Abstract: In 2016-2017, France experienced a devastating epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8, with more than 400 outbreaks reported in poultry farms. We analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of the epidemic using a structured-coalescent-based phylodynamic approach that combined viral genomic data (n = 196; one viral genome per farm) and epidemiological data. In the process, we estimated viral migration rates between departements (French administrative regions) and the temporal dynamics of the effective viral population size (Ne) in each departement. Viral migration rates quantify viral spread between departements and Ne is a population genetic measure of the epidemic size and, in turn, is indicative of the within-departement transmission intensity. We extended the phylodynamic analysis with a generalized linear model to assess the impact of multiple factors-including large-scale preventive culling and live-duck movement bans-on viral migration rates and Ne. We showed that the large-scale culling of ducks that was initiated on 4 January 2017 significantly reduced the viral spread between departements. No relationship was found between the viral spread and duck movements between departements. The within-departement transmission intensity was found to be weakly associated with the intensity of duck movements within departements. Together, these results indicated that the virus spread in short distances, either between adjacent departements or within departements. Results also suggested that the restrictions on duck transport within departements might not have stopped the viral spread completely. Overall, we demonstrated the usefulness of phylodynamics in characterizing the dynamics of a HPAI epidemic and assessing control measures. This method can be adapted to investigate other epidemics of fast-evolving livestock pathogens., Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69 (5), ISSN:1865-1674, ISSN:1865-1682
Published: 2022
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41. Effets de désynchronisation sur le comportement déterministe, en bruit de phase et chaotique d’un oscillateur opto-électronique couplé

Author: Bougaud, Alexis, Llopis, Olivier, Fernandez, Arnaud, Llopis, Olivier, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and CNES, Région Occitanie, DGA
Subjects: bruit de phase, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, chaos, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Oscillateur optoélectronique couplé COEO, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract: National audience; Les résultats issus d'une modélisation d'un oscillateur optoélectronique couplé sont présentés. Cette modélisation inclus le facteur de qualité, le bruit de phase et des comportements dynamiques complexes, comme le régime chaotique.
Published: 2022

42. Genome organization in cardiomyocytes expressing mutated A-type lamins

Author: Kervella, Marie, Jahier, Maureen, Meli, Albano C, Muchir, Antoine, Kervella, Marie, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Myologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en Myologie – U974 SU-INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and This work was supported by the Association Française contre les Myopathies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Sorbonne Université. MK received a funding from Région Occitanie.
Subjects: nuclear lamins, lamina-associated domains, [SDV.BC.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], LMNA, LADs, genome organization, Cell Biology, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], cardiomyopathy, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disorder, in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, often leading to heart failure. Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by a compromised left ventricular function and contributes significantly to the heart failure epidemic, which represents a staggering clinical and public health problem worldwide. Gene mutations have been identified in 35% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Pathogenic variants in LMNA, encoding nuclear A-type lamins, are one of the major causative causes of dilated cardiomyopathy (i.e. CardioLaminopathy). A-type lamins are type V intermediate filament proteins, which are the main components of the nuclear lamina. The nuclear lamina is connected to the cytoskeleton on one side, and to the chromatin on the other side. Among the models proposed to explain how CardioLaminopathy arises, the “chromatin model” posits an effect of mutated A-type lamins on the 3D genome organization and thus on the transcription activity of tissue-specific genes. Chromatin contacts with the nuclear lamina via specific genomic regions called lamina-associated domains lamina-associated domains. These LADs play a role in the chromatin organization and gene expression regulation. This review focuses on the identification of LADs and chromatin remodeling in cardiac muscle cells expressing mutated A-type lamins and discusses the methods and relevance of these findings in disease.
Published: 2022

43. ASTERICS: A Tool for the ExploRation and Integration of omiCS data

Author: Maigné, Élise, Noirot, Céline, Mariette, Jérôme, Kesewaah, Yaa, Dejean, Sébastien, Guilmineau, Camille, Henry, Julien, Krebs, Arielle, Liaubet, Laurence, Mathevet, Fanny, Hyphen-Stat, Entreprise, Gaspin, Christine, Vialaneix, Nathalie, Vialaneix, Nathalie, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plateforme Bio-Informatique - Génotoul, Plateforme de Biostatistique (Genotoul Biostat), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Inria, INRAE, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-BioInfOmics, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Région Occitanie (Grant 20008788 – ASTERICS)
Subjects: [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [STAT.AP] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

44. Characterization of the air–sea exchange mechanisms during a Mediterranean heavy precipitation event using realistic sea state modelling

Author: César Sauvage, Marie-Noëlle Bouin, Véronique Ducrocq, Cindy Lebeaupin Brossier, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Région Occitanie, CNRS/INSU MISTRALS/HyMeX, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Slowdown, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Flow (psychology), 02 engineering and technology, Sea state, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Atmospheric sciences, Numerical weather prediction, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, 020801 environmental engineering, lcsh:Chemistry, Wave model, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Parametrization (atmospheric modeling), Precipitation, Significant wave height, lcsh:Physics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This study investigates the mechanisms acting at the air–sea interface during a heavy precipitation event that occurred between 12 and 14 October 2016 over the north-western Mediterranean area and led to large amounts of rainfall (up to 300 mm in 24 h) over the Hérault region (southern France). The study case was characterized by a very strong (>20 m s−1) easterly to south-easterly wind at low level that generated very rough seas (significant wave height of up to 6 m) along the French Riviera and the Gulf of Lion. In order to investigate the role of the waves on air–sea exchanges during such extreme events, a set of numerical experiments was designed using the Météo-France kilometre-scale AROME-France numerical weather prediction model – including the WASP (Wave-Age-dependant Stress Parametrization) sea surface turbulent flux parametrization – and the WaveWatch III wave model. Results from these sensitivity experiments in the forced or coupled modes showed that taking the waves generated by the model into account increases the surface roughness. Thus, the increase in the momentum flux induces a slowdown of the easterly low-level atmospheric flow and a displacement of the convergence line at sea. Despite strong winds and a young sea below the easterly flow, the turbulent heat fluxes upstream of the precipitating system are not significantly modified. The forecast of the heaviest precipitation is finally modified when the sea state is taken into account; notably, in terms of location, this modification is slightly larger in the forced mode than in the coupled mode, as the coupling interactively balances the wind sea, the stress and the wind.
Published: 2020

45. Metformin Sensitizes Leukemic Cells to Cytotoxic Lymphocytes by Increasing Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1)

Author: Martin Villalba, Francesco Bertolini, Joaquin Marco Brualla, Paolo Falvo, Catherine Alexia, Alexis Fayd'herbe de Maudave, Paul Massa, Stefania Orecchioni, Nerea Allende-Vega, Lois Coenon, Delphine Gitenay, Michael Constantinides, Isabel Marzo, Alberto Anel, Giulia Mitola, KARLI, Mélanie, Laboratoires d'excellence - Optimization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies development Better antibodies, better developed AND better used - - MAbImprove2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0053 - LABX - VALID, Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], European Institute of Oncology [Milan] (ESMO), Institut Sainte Catherine [Avignon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), This work was supported by the PRT-K program 2018 and 2021(MV, 2018-021). This work was also supported by the 'Investissements d’avenir' Grant LabEx MAbImprove: ANR-10-LABX-53 (MV), the NK 001 project fnanced by the 'Fond Européen de Développement Régional ' (FEDER-FSE-IEJ 2014/2020) and by 'Région Occitanie Pyrénées-Méditerranée', by grant PID2019-105128RB-I00 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación to AA and by Gobierno de Aragón (Group B31_20R) cofnanced by Feder 2014–2020 'Building Europe from Aragon' and Grants from AIRC and Italian Ministry of Health (FB)., and ANR-10-LABX-0053,MAbImprove,Optimization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies development Better antibodies, better developed AND better used(2010)
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Science, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Immunology, Article, Mice, Mice, Inbred NOD, Neoplasms, medicine, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Cytotoxic T cell, Animals, Humans, Cancer, ICAM-1, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, allergology, Metformin, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Killer Cells, Natural, Cancer research, Medicine, medicine.drug
Abstract: Solid tumor cells have an altered metabolism that can protect them from cytotoxic lymphocytes. The antidiabetic drug metformin modifies tumor cell metabolism and several clinical trials are testing its effectiveness for the treatment of solid cancers. The use of metformin in hematologic cancers has received much less attention, although allogeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes are very effective against these tumors. We show here that metformin induces expression of Natural Killer G2-D (NKG2D) ligands (NKG2DL) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a ligand of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1). This leads to enhance sensitivity to cytotoxic lymphocytes. Overexpression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members decrease both metformin effects. The sensitization to activated cytotoxic lymphocytes is mainly mediated by the increase on ICAM-1 levels, which favors cytotoxic lymphocytes binding to tumor cells. Finally, metformin decreases the growth of human hematological tumor cells in xenograft models, mainly in presence of monoclonal antibodies that recognize tumor antigens. Our results suggest that metformin could improve cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated therapy.
Published: 2021

46. Guide méthodologique pour la conduite d'une démarche participative d'éco-conception

Author: Peres, Juliette, Villajos, Camille, Lebeau, Rapha��l, Roux, Philippe, FAB'LIM, FD CIVAM du Gard, Centres d’Initiatives pour Valoriser l’Agriculture et le Milieu rural (CIVAM), FR CIVAM Occitanie, Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Cofinancé par la Fondation de France, l’ADEME et la Région Occitanie, et d’autre part, des travaux de capitalisation cofinancés par le FEADER 1.2 - 2019 « Aides aux activités de démonstration et aux actions d’information » et l’Agence de l’Eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse., FAB’LIM, CIVAM, INRAE, and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Eco-conception, Analyse du Cycle de Vie - ACV, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: L'ACV, un outil de diagnostic environnemental des pratiques Le présent guide méthodologique est issu, d'une part, des résultats du projet de recherche action « Appropriation du mode de pensée cycle de vie par les acteurs des filières alimentaires territorialisées méditerranéennes » (2017-2020), cofinancé par la Fondation de France, l'ADEME et la Région Occitanie ; et d'autre part, des travaux de capitalisation cofinancés par le FEADER 1.2-2019 « Aides aux activités de démonstration et aux actions d'information » et l'Agence de l'Eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse. Au travers de ce projet partenarial, nous souhaitions voir si la méthode « Analyse du Cycle de Vie » (ACV), développée pour les productions industrielles, pouvait s'adapter aux filières alimentaires de proximité. L'objectif était double : i) identifier les conditions de mise en oeuvre de l'ACV et d'appropriation des résultats par les professionnels ; ii) à travers une démarche de concertation locale, voir si l'ACV peut être un levier pour une transition écologique des pratiques, de l'amont à l'aval des filières.
Published: 2021

47. New Sustainable Synthetic Routes to Cyclic Oxyterpenes Using the Ecocatalyst Toolbox

Author: Eddy Petit, Morgan Regnier, Pierre Le Blainvaux, Arthur Lasbleiz, Camille Bihanic, Claude Grison, Bio-inspired Chemistry and Ecological Innovations (ChimEco), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), BioInspir, CNRS, Sci-GuidEdit, Compagnie Nationale du Rhône, and FEDER-UNION EUROPEENNE- Région Occitanie
Subjects: Green chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Article, Analytical Chemistry, water lettuce, chemistry.chemical_compound, QD241-441, X-Ray Diffraction, Drug Discovery, Myrtenol, Organic chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Bicyclic Monoterpenes, Principal Component Analysis, ecocatalysis, Terpenes, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, green chemistry, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Perillyl alcohol, Organic Chemistry, Regioselectivity, oxyterpenes, Green Chemistry Technology, Perillaldehyde, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, Elements, 0104 chemical sciences, ß-pinene, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Benzaldehydes, Yield (chemistry), Monoterpenes, Cymenes, Molecular Medicine, Cuminaldehyde
Abstract: Cyclic oxyterpenes are natural products that are mostly used as fragrances, flavours and drugs by the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. However, only a few cyclic oxyterpenes are accessible via chemical syntheses, which are far from being ecofriendly. We report here the synthesis of six cyclic oxyterpenes derived from ß-pinene while respecting the principles of green and sustainable chemistry. Only natural or biosourced catalysts were used in mild conditions that were optimised for each synthesis. A new generation of ecocatalysts, derived from Mn-rich water lettuce, was prepared via green processes, characterised by MP-AES, XRPD and TEM analyses, and tested in catalysis. The epoxidation of ß-pinene led to the platform molecule, ß-pinene oxide, with a good yield, illustrating the efficacy of the new generation of ecocatalysts. The opening ß-pinene oxide was investigated in green conditions and led to new and regioselective syntheses of myrtenol, 7-hydroxy-α-terpineol and perillyl alcohol. Successive oxidations of perillyl alcohol could be performed using no hazardous oxidant and were controlled using the new generation of ecocatalysts generating perillaldehyde and cuminaldehyde.
Published: 2021

48. Membrane estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) participates in flow-mediated dilation in a ligand-independent manner

Author: Laurent Loufrani, Marine Adlanmerini, Jean-Marie Foidart, Chanaelle Fébrissy, Julie Favre, Jean-Françoise Arnal, Vincent Procaccio, Rana Zahreddine, Léa Réthoré, Coralyne Proux, Emilie Vessieres, Linda Grimaud, Jordan Rivron, Manuela Cl Garcia, Coralie Fontaine, Gilles Flouriot, Anne-Laure Guihot, Daniel Henrion, Morgane Davezac, Françoise Lenfant, MitoVasc - Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires (UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-Research), Université de Liège, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), FRM - DPC20171138957, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Equipe FRM DEQ20160334924, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, ANR-18-CE14-0016-01, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Fondation Lefoulon Delalande, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse, Région Occitanie Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Institut Universitaire de France, ANR-18-CE14-0016,EstroShear,Rôle du récepteur aux œstrogènes alpha dans la mécanotransduction du flux: conséquences physiopathologiques(2018), Henrion, Daniel, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Rôle du récepteur aux œstrogènes alpha dans la mécanotransduction du flux: conséquences physiopathologiques - - EstroShear2018 - ANR-18-CE14-0016 - AAPG2018 - VALID, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Membrane estrogen receptor, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Ligands, medicine.disease_cause, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, cell biology, blood flow, Biology (General), 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, General Neuroscience, resistance arteries, estrogen receptors, General Medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Blood Circulation, Medicine, Female, Acetylcholine, Research Article, medicine.drug, Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, endothelium, medicine.drug_class, QH301-705.5, Science, Alpha (ethology), General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, shear stress, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, mouse, 030304 developmental biology, General Immunology and Microbiology, Insulin, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Hydrogen Peroxide, Endocrinology, Estrogen receptor alpha, Ex vivo, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) activation by estrogens prevents atheroma through its nuclear action, whereas plasma membrane-located ERα accelerates endothelial healing. The genetic deficiency of ERα was associated with a reduction in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in one man. Here, we evaluated ex vivo the role of ERα on FMD of resistance arteries. FMD, but not agonist (acetylcholine, insulin)-mediated dilation, was reduced in male and female mice lacking ERα (Esr1-/- mice) compared to wild-type mice and was not dependent on the presence of estrogens. In C451A-ERα mice lacking membrane ERα, not in mice lacking AF2-dependent nuclear ERα actions, FMD was reduced, and restored by antioxidant treatments. Compared to wild-type mice, isolated perfused kidneys of C451A-ERα mice revealed a decreased flow-mediated nitrate production and an increased H2O2 production. Thus, endothelial membrane ERα promotes NO bioavailability through inhibition of oxidative stress and thereby participates in FMD in a ligand-independent manner.
Published: 2021

49. EIC + , an algorithm for automatic and unsupervised extraction of ion chromatograms in high resolution mass spectrometry

Author: Jean-Claude Boulet, Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Région Occitanie, France
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], EIC plus algorithm, Extracted ion chromatograms, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Feature extraction, 010402 general chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Mass spectrometry, Orbitrap, 01 natural sciences, High resolution mass spectrometry, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, law.invention, Set (abstract data type), law, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, z values, Instrumentation, Algorithm, Spectroscopy, Features
Abstract: International audience; Within the feature extraction process in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), we focused on the identification of EICs-Extracted Ion Chromatograms. A proposed algorithm tuned with its default parameters yielded EIC matrices which recovered most of the 836 reference features identified within a set of public and fully described Orbitrap data, already benchmarked with XCMS, MZmine2, MS-Dial and Compound Discoverer. A good accuracy on the calculation of the m/z values was also observed. Tools are available on the Galaxy Test Toolshed.
Published: 2021

50. Transdermal Delivery of Macromolecules Using Two-in-One Nanocomposite Device for Skin Electroporation

Author: Bastien Jouanmiqueou, Marie-Pierre Rols, Emmanuel Flahaut, Muriel Golzio, Juliette Simon, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), This research was jointly funded by the Région Occitanie/Pyrénées-Méditerranée andthe Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, grant number 2018 001260/ALDOCT-000423, and by theAgence Nationale de la Recherche, grant number ANR-19-CE09-0007., ANR-19-CE09-0007,CARBO2DERM,Nanotubes de carbone pour la délivrance transdermique de molécules thérapeutiques(2019), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)
Subjects: Hydrogel composite, macromolecule delivery, Matériaux, Carbon nanotubes, Pharmaceutical Science, 02 engineering and technology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pharmacy and materia medica, Stratum corneum, medicine, Propidium iodide, Skin electroporation, 030304 developmental biology, Transdermal, 0303 health sciences, Lucifer yellow, integumentary system, carbon nanotubes, Electroporation, hydrogel composite, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Permeation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, RS1-441, Dextran, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Biophysics, Agarose, Macromolecule delivery, 0210 nano-technology, skin electroporation
Abstract: International audience; Delivery of hydrophilic molecules through the skin using electroporation is a promising alternative approach to intradermal injection. Recently, we developed a two-in-one electrode/reservoir material composed of carbon nanotubes and agarose hydrogel. In this work, we evaluated the potential of the device to achieve non-invasive transdermal drug delivery using skin electroporation. As it involved an electrode configuration different from the literature, critical questions were raised. First, we demonstrated the efficiency of the device to permeabilize the skin of hairless mice, as observed by propidium iodide (PI) uptake in the nuclei of the epidermis cells through macro fluorescence imaging and histology. Application of Lucifer yellow (LY) at different times after unipolar electroporation treatment demonstrated the partial reversibility of the skin permeabilization after 30 min, and as such, that barrier function properties tended to be restored. We uncovered, for the first time to our knowledge, an intrinsic asymmetry of permeation pathways generated in the stratum corneum during treatment. Electrophoresis was here the main driving force for macromolecule delivery, but it competed with passive diffusion through the generated aqueous pathways for smaller molecules. Finally, we validated 4 kDa dextran labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FD4) as a model molecule to optimize the electrical parameters, needed to improve macromolecule delivery.
Published: 2021

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