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The more integrated networks are with the internet, the more our security concerns grow. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) have been used to solve the problem of internet security. As more locations need to be securely connected, more configurations and greater complexity are given to a network design. Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) was used in this research with some supporting protocols to allow changing of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of remote locations. It proves to be a very scalable VPN technique with minimal configurations and robustness. Lesser delay between two branches of an organization among other advantages, such as elimination of triangular routing, and dynamic changing IP addresses were achieved.

Today's Internet makes hosts and individual networks inherently insecure because permanent addresses turn destinations into permanent attack targets. This paper describes an Evasive Internet Protocol (EIP), a change to the data plane of the Internet that: 1) prevents senders from forging their identities while preserving the current Internet privacy paradigm; 2) gives recipients full control over who can communicate with them and for how long; 3) achieves the above features without requiring global signaling protocols; and 4) allows coexistence with and graceful introduction into the current Internet. We motivate our approach, present the architectural design, and evaluate it through trace-driven and synthetic simulations as well as prototype testing.

Current host-centric Internet Protocol (IP) networks are facing unprecedented challenges, such as network attacks and the exhaustion of IP addresses. Motivated by emerging demands for security, mobility, and distributed networking, many research projects have been initiated to design the future Internet from a clean slate. In order to obtain a thorough knowledge of security in future Internet architecture, we review a number of well-known projects, including named data networking, Content Aware Searching Retrieval and sTreaming, MobilityFirst Future Internet Architecture Project (MobilityFirst), eXpressive Internet Architecture, and scalability, control, and isolation on next-generation network. These projects aim to move away from the traditional host-centric networks and replace them with content-centric, mobility-centric, or service-centric networks. However, different principles and designs also raise various issues on network security. For each project, we describe its architecture design and how it deals with security issues. Furthermore, we compare these projects and discuss their pros and cons. Open security issues are pointed out for directing future research.

This article surveys one Internet mobility approach that is highlighted by the employment of an identifier namespace. This approach uses identifiers other than traditional IP addresses to name mobile hosts, contents, or other entities, and introduces a mapping function to locate the entities in the global scope. Although this approach has been adopted by many Internet mobility solutions and is also considered as a promising way to support mobility in the future Internet, there lacks a comprehensive review and analysis of this approach together with related solutions, especially the ones proposed in recent years. This article describes the emergence, evolution, and state of the art of the approach, and gives a classification, a review, and a comparison of typical solutions related to the approach. This article also presents discussions of open issues, challenges, and research trends on designing future Internet mobility solutions.

The transition of the Internet from IPv4 to IPv6 is urgent and inevitable. A series of IPv6 transition solutions have been proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force; yet most of them have not seen success in real world, and some were even obsoleted. Nowadays IPv6 transition solutions are still continuously being worked out. The major difference among these solutions is the state management, which is an essential function and has a profound influence on many aspects of networking, such as addressing, provisioning, and network performance. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey on IPv6 transition solutions from the perspective of state management. We first briefly review the basic rationale of IPv6 transition solutions, highlighting the necessity of state management. Then we study various types of state management adopted by typical IPv6 transition solutions, focusing on their impacts on aspects of networks. Based on the above analyses, we summarize the applicability of different types of state management, and discuss their state-of-the-art application directions that may lead to potential future research directions in the IPv6 transition process.

The TCP/IP architecture of the Internet was originally designed around the contemporary restrictions of large computers that were difficult to move around. However, electronics followed Moore's law, resulting in cheaper and smaller electronics for consumers, and portable devices, such as laptops and cellular phones, became pervasive. Consequently, the original restriction on static hosts was no longer true even though is still present in the design of the TCP/IP networking stack. The TCP/IP stack remains still constrained by its original design, which was effectively a design compromise to make the addressing model simpler. As TCP connections are created based on the same addresses used by the underlying network layer, the connections break when the address changes or is removed. Thus, the TCP/IP architecture is challenged in the temporal dimension of addressing as it was designed to assume stable addresses. This is not only problematic from the viewpoint of initial connectivity but also critical in sustaining of active data flows. In this paper, we first outline the challenges related to the inflexible nature of the TCP/IP architecture resulting from the fact that the same namespace is shared between the transport and network layers. We then discuss existing solutions for these challenges that arise from the transient nature of addresses in the TCP/IP architecture. Finally, we perform a qualitative analysis of the solutions discussed in the paper.

The recent trend of integration among new network services such as the long-term evolution (LTE) based on internet protocol (IP) needs reputable analyses and prediction information on the internet traffic. The IP along with increased internet traffics due to expanding new service platforms such as smartphones will reflect policies such as network QoS according to new services. The establishment of monitoring methods and analysis plans is thus required for the development of internet traffics that will analyze their status and predict their future. The paper with the speed of Internet traffic model is developed for monitoring the state of the experiment and verified. The problem is that the proposed service Internet service provider (ISP) to resolve the conflict between the occurrences can be considerably Internet traffic and that the state of data may be helpful in understanding. The paper advancement policy to reflect the network traffic volume of Internet services and users irradiation with increased traffic due to the development and management of the analysis was carried out experimental measurements.

Industrial and IP-enabled low-power wireless networking technologies are converging, resulting in the Industrial Internet of Things. On the one hand, low-power wireless solutions are available today that answer the strict reliability and power consumption requirements of industrial applications. These solutions are based on Time- Synchronized Channel Hopping, a medium access control technique at the heart of industrial standards such as the WirelessHART and ISA100.11a, and layer 1 and 2 standards such as IEEE802.15.4e. On the other hand, a range of standards have been published to allow low-power wireless devices to communicate using the Internet Protocol (IP), thereby becoming true “fingers of the Internet,” and greatly simplifying their integration into existing networks. This article acknowledges the standardization effort to combine those capabilities. The networks resulting from this convergence exhibit reliability and power consumption performances compatible with demanding industrial applications, while being easy to integrate, and following the end-to-end paradigm of today's Internet. In particular, this article presents the work being done in 6TiSCH, a newly-formed working group in the Internet Engineering Task Force, which is standardizing the mechanisms making the Industrial Internet of Things a reality.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as one of the major trends for the next evolution of the Internet, where billions of physical objects or things (including but not limited to humans) will be connected over the Internet, and a vast amount of information data will be shared among them. However, the current Internet was built on a host-centric communication model, which was primarily designed for meeting the demand of pair-wise peer-to-peer communications and cannot well accommodate various advanced data-centric services boosted by the IoT in which users care about content and are oblivious to locations where the content is stored. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for the future Internet based on information-centric networking (ICN), which is called DataClouds, to better accommodate data-centric services. Different from existing ICN-based architectures, we take the sharing nature of data-centric services under the IoT into consideration and introduce logically and physically formed communities as the basic building blocks to construct the network so that data could be more efficiently shared and disseminated among interested users. We also elaborate on several fundamental design challenges for the Internet under this new architecture and show that DataClouds could offer more efficient and flexible solutions than traditional ICN-based architectures.

With the proliferation and increasing dependence of many services and applications on the Internet, this network has become a vital societal asset. This creates the need to protect this critical infrastructure, and over the past years a variety of resilience schemes have been proposed. The effectiveness of protection schemes, however, highly depends on the causes and circumstances of Internet failures, but a detailed comprehensive study of this is not yet available to date. This article provides a high-level summary of an evaluation of Internet failures over the past six years, and presents a number of recommendations for future network resilience research.

In this article, we describe an information-centric Internet architecture called CoLoR that couples service location and inter-domain routing while decoupling them from forwarding. Preliminary results based on implementation and analysis show that CoLoR is promising since it satisfies many requirements of the future Internet, including being information-centric, encouraging innovations, and providing efficient support for mobility, multicast, multi-homing, and middleboxes.

The Network performance optimization, configuration depends on proper design of complete network. The network layer is concerned with getting packets from source all the way to destination. The packets may cross many networks to reach the destination. To achieve its goals, the network layer must know about the topology, communication subnets and the version of the IP addresses used. Considering the present scenario, we are using IP v4 which needs to communicate with IP v6. The present networks are using only IP version 4 it is necessary to design and deploy certain methods which will help in communicating with the future generation of IP addresses. The present applications are still using IP version 4 to communicate and hence it is necessary to securely migrate them with the latest IP version. We present a secure tunneling mechanism that has some advantages over the other models. The model discussed here can be used to establish hybrid communications between the two different versions of Internet protocol in both ways.

Background/Objectives: Internet of Things (IoT) is going to govern the future world where all devices will be connected with each-other. The expectation with the Internet of Things is that the increase in number of devices going to be truly dramatic. Method: With the increase in the number of devices, the amount of traffic will grow together with data. IoT will have huge number of power sensitive smaller devices and they're going to put significant constraint on the total bandwidth of the system. This paper analyses how 6LoWPAN, a practical developed for resource constrained IP based systems suitable for Internet of Things with respect to Internet Protocol. Findings/Applications: Internet protocols used to be fine-tuned, modified, changed to be able to accommodate the era of Internet of Things. 6LoWPAN has different features like, support for 64 bit or 16-bit addressing, targeted at low power networks including Bluetooth low energy, header compression for IPv base as well as for UDP headers, network auto configuration and neighbor discovery, support for multicast, unicast, and broadcast, supporting the concept of fragmentation. This makes 6LoWPAN a best suited protocol for IoT.

In recent years the increasingly frequent use of the Web service, the advent of the cloud computing, the exponential growing of mobile devices with the introduction of pervasive and ubiquitous computing and the emergence of extreme distributed systems have brought to light the problem of the no longer adequate distribution of data packets over Internet and the related IP protocol issues. This paper promotes flat labels as a real alternative to IP addresses for a future Internet architecture and proposes FLIP as first network layer protocol for flat labels. Among several features absolutely not existing in IP protocol, FLIP has a native support for crypto-currencies.

The research community has proposed numerous network security solutions, each dealing with a specific problem such as address spoofing, denial-of-service attacks, denial-of-quality attacks, reflection attacks, viruses, or worms. However, due to the lack of fundamental support from the Internet, individual solutions often share little common ground in their design, which causes a practical problem: deploying all these vastly different solutions will add exceedingly high complexity to the Internet routers. In this paper, we propose a simple generic extension to the Internet, providing a new type of information, called path addresses, that simplify the design of security systems for packet filtering, fair resource allocation, packet classification, IP traceback, filter push-back, etc. IP addresses are owned by end hosts; path addresses are owned by the network core, which is beyond the reach of the hosts. We describe how to enhance the Internet protocols for path addresses that meet the uniqueness requirement, completeness requirement, safety requirement, and incrementally deployable requirement. We evaluate the performance of our scheme both analytically and by simulations, which show that, at small overhead, the false positive ratio and the false negative ratio can both be made negligibly small.

Recently, the infrastructure to be connected to the internet is much provided, there is more and more need to connect electric or electronic products to the internet to monitor or control them remotely. However, most of the existing products lack the network interface, so it was very inconvenient to be connected to the internet. Therefore, this article designs and realizes the internet outlet allowing real-time scheduling that can control the power remotely on the internet by using the hardware TCP/IP processor. The realized product consumes low production cost because it can be realized by using the hardware TCP/IP processor and the 8-bit small microprocessor. In addition, the product can be used widely in both wired and wireless environments with a variety of user interface, including the dedicated control program which provides the environment configuration functions; embedded web service that enables the webpage to be saved on the external flash memory; Android smartphone application; motion recognition control environment that uses the OpenCV computer vision library, etc.

This paper presents a provisional design proposal for the modification of the numbering and address representation of Internet Protocol 4 (IPv4), the Internet address system nearing exhaustion, based on biology. Biologically-inspired designs have been applied in diverse technological fields with varying degrees of successes. The paper proposes the expansion of IPv4 addresses by the concatenation of twelve 8 bit suffixes to each IPv4 address using numbers derived from DNA sequences. The author outlines a design proposal for the modification of the addressing system of the network layer in the TCP/IP hierarchy. This scheme, if deemed possible, could see the creation of at least 6.4 × 10 26 unique addresses and prolong the usefulness of IPv4, beyond the projected operational time frame of ten years.

The current Internet, which was designed over 40 years ago, is facing unprecedented challenges in many aspects, especially in the commercial context. The emerging demands for security, mobility, content distribution, etc. are hard to be met by incremental changes through ad-hoc patches. New clean-slate architecture designs based on new design principles are expected to address these challenges. In this survey article, we investigate the key research topics in the area of future Internet architecture. Many ongoing research projects from United States, the European Union, Japan, China, and other places are introduced and discussed. We aim to draw an overall picture of the current research progress on the future Internet architecture.

The Internet has become a very important communication medium of our daily lives in many fields. People nowadays can study, buy, watch, and obtain more information and more and more services from the Internet. Therefore, the Internet networks have to carry different types of data, such as voice, video, image, and text data. These several types of data grow the Internet traffic up with the needs of providing Quality of Service (QoS) for each type of data. Thus, reducing the size of transmission and storage has become a focal area in the current research, as a solution for the traffic growth. In this paper, a survey of the current literature of the Internet traffics, traffic contract, traffic forms, and its parameters have been introduced. This survey shows the advantages of CBR and VBR traffic that make them in the nearest future two of the most traffic used in the Internet networks.

The next generation protocol (Ipv6) also called Iping, which should replace the current generation of Internet protocol (Ipv4), brings many enhancements over Ipv4. Ipv4 has been a great success for more than 20 years, since its interception in 1980 but due to limited address space, complex configuration and very important lack of security it does not fulfil the requirement of the exponentially growing internet. Because of inadequate address and for other issues, Ipv6 was proposed by the network working group of the internet engineering taskforce (IETF) which provides many new features like quality of services, auto-address configuration, end to end connectivity, security, simple routing header and so on. This paper identifies security holes to the new features introduced in Ipv6 and security holes that are not altered by new futures of Ipv6. Keywords: Ipv4, Ipv6, Ipsec, NAT, TCP/IP, security holes, IP 1. INTRODUCTION The current generation of Internet protocol (IPv4) has been in use for more than 20 years and has not significantly changed since it was introduced in 1981. IPV4 has proven to be robust, interoperable and easily implemented. With Ipv4, options were integrated into the basic Ipv4 header whereas in Ipv6 they are handled as extension headeThe IPV4 specifies a 32 bit IP address field is a key component of the internet infrastructure and have many issues like complex configuration, limited address space, large routing tables, demand for real time data transfer and lack of security which does not fulfil the requirement of the exponential growth of the internet. To eliminate some of the mentioned imperfection, Network-working group of the Internet engineering task force (IETF) proposed a new suite of protocols called the Internet protocol version (IPv6) [1]. Industry stakeholder and Internet experts generally agree that IPv6-based network would be technically superior to the commonly installed base of IPv4-based networks [2]. The IPv6 with 128 bit address space provides large IP addresses and also with classless and auto address configuration features, IPv6 provides a new innovative communication services among the nodes and improved security by using IPsec as a part of packet header. IPv6 provides various improvements over IPv4 like simplicity, large address space, simple routing header format, extension for authentication and privacy, flow labelling capabilities, quality of services (Qos) and very important security at IP level. In addition, through auto configuration and mobility feature of IPv6 nodes on the Internet can communicate in simpler way. However, IPv6 with new features will likely generate newer protocol attacks and IPv4 related attack would morph into new form. Although the IPv6 protocol is still developing, it is fully functional and its implementation and usage in the real network is possible [3]. In section 2, we will discuss the new features introduced in IPv6. In section 3, these features are discussed along with security holes. Section 4 outlines security threats that are common to IPv4. Finally the conclusion will be given.

If the Internet were a ship at sea, the voyage would begin under clear skies and strong winds - through surging tides, the ship's course would be steadfast, with no evidence for alarm. But now a storm approaches, indefatigable in its task to vitiate the Internet. The storm utilizes next-generation Internet (NGI) to proliferate vulnerabilities in mobile wireless communications. An unsafe environment is the eye of the storm. A complete redesign of the Internet Protocol (IP) has already begun, making NGI invariably in- tricate, yet meant for the long term.

The growth of the Internet has brought about many challenges for its critical infrastructure. The DNS infrastructure, which translates mnemonic host names into IP addresses understood by the routers, is frequently the target of cache poisoning attacks. Internet routers are also experiencing alarming growth in their routing table sizes, which may soon make it impossible for them to forward packets quickly enough to meet demand. Further, concerns about IPv4 address space exhaustion loom on the horizon despite the availability of IPv6. In this paper, we take a fresh look at Internet routing and propose a scheme that addresses all of these concerns cleanly. Our scheme forgoes IP addresses entirely and instead uses host names as identifiers in packets. The scalability of routing is ensured by encapsulating these packets in highly aggregated routing locators: we use autonomous system numbers (ASNs), which are already an integral part of inter-domain routing. We present data and experiments to show that a much simpler and scalable routing infrastructure can be designed for a future Internet by using fewer identifiers for its entities.

Internet using is increasing rapidly. Internet occured as a result of commincating nodes with each. New internet users are joining to this structure and development of it is going on. In such a big structure, communication of two nodes is possible only if they find each other. Various addressing protocols have been developed to obtain this. The well-known is called Internet Protocol ( IP ). Currently IP is used IP Version 4 ( Ipv4). Ipv4 has limited address. This limited addresses does not meet the growth of internet. Because of inadequate internet address, IP Version 6 ( IPV6 ) was developed in 1995. Ipv6 brings many enhancement. Ipv6 was designed with security in mind. It is bringing security enhancments into modern IP network. This paper analyses Ipv6 and Ipv4 Threat Comparisons on two stage. First part focuses on the attacks with Ipv4 and Ipv6 similarities. Second part is focuses on the attacks with new considirations in Ipv6. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

While the term future Internet has gained a lot of interest recently, there is little agreement on what this term means or what the future Internet looks like. By taking the viewpoint of an Internet user who is interested in using Internet services and not so much in the protocols that move data around, we first describe some possible future Internet services. In a second step we derive some network and service management requirements, and discuss some of them in more detail.

From its inception, the Internet was not intended as the worldwide universal communication platform. It has developed over almost four decades to its current state. As a result of this unplanned evolution, we currently witness scalability problems, increased complexity, missing modularity as well as missing flexibility for emerging services. In this report we focus on two selected issues: the changing routing paradigm and edge-based intelligence. We will then present a variety of projects on Future Internet and finally assess recently established experimental facilities and their role in the Future Internet design.

IPv6 proponents are now supporting the once-criticized network address translation technology to enable communication between the two technologies and allow for an orderly transition to IPv6. It could provide more than enough IP addresses for the exploding number of Internet-connected devices. The Internet protocol's previous version, IPv4, could not do so.

IPv6 is being the new replacement for its predecessor IPv4, IPv6 has been used by most Internet services and adopted by most internet architecture these days. Existing protocol IPv4 reveals critical issues such as approaching exhaustion of its address space, continuous growth of the internet and rising new technologies lead to increasing the complexity of the configuration, etc. To healing from the limitations of IPv4 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed the next generation IP called IPv6. Jordan, like many other countries, is endeavoring to adapt and transit from IPv4 to in an efficient way that will provide an excellent level of service as coveted by its citizens. In this study, the author tried to navigate IPv6 concept from the literature and review the thoughts, steps, and challenges that the Jordanian government pursued in transiting from IPv4 to IPv6.

In various fields of application of Internet of things endlessly, it development paints a bright future. However, the Internet application of common standards are not unified, compatibility between different Internet systems and scalable, these shortcomings and irregularities are restricted the application of Internet of popularization and the degree of interconnection. Internet terminals for different applications in different fields can be unified access to the communication backbone, thus achieving uniform standards of transmission network. In General, hosted by the communication network for the Internet of things to achieve and to provide material and material, objects and people, people and multiple modes of communication between people.

According to an estimate several billion smart devices will be connected to the Internet by year 2020. This exponential increase in devices is a challenge to the current Internet architecture, where connectivity is based on host-to-host communication. Information-Centric Networking is a novel networking paradigm in which data is addressed by its name instead of location. Several ICN architecture proposals have emerged from research communities to address challenges introduced by the current Internet Protocol (IP) regarding e.g. scalability. Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is one of the proposals. In this paper we present a way to use CCN in an Internet of Things (IoT) context. We quantify the benefits from hierarchical content naming, transparent in-network caching and other information-centric networking characteristics in a sensor environment. As a proof of concept we implemented a presentation bridge for a home automation system that provides services to the network through CCN.

The Internet has grown dramatically and evolved significantly over the past 10 years. Although this growth provides new opportunities and many value-added services for millions of Internet users, this growth also presents ongoing challenges to networking researchers, for whom the study of the Internet itself is the raison d'etre. Other than the network link speed, there are many technical challenges that make the monitoring of Internet applications difficult. To illustrate this point, this article presents several practical examples drawn from our experiences in Internet application measurement and monitoring

The IPv4 addressing scheme, which was proposed by IETF in 1981, provides 4.3 billion unique 32-bit IP addresses but has been fully exhausted in Feb, 2011. This exhaustion of unique IP addresses poses significant challenges to the addition of new devices to the Internet as well as offering new services. Internet of Things, which provides interconnected uniquely identifiable devices in the existing Internet infrastructure, will be greatly affected by the lack of unique IP addresses. In order to connect to the existing Internet infrastructure, every new device needs a uniquely identified IP address for communication. It has been estimated that by the year 2020 more than 30 billion devices would be connected to the Internet. In order to meet the challenge of such vast requirement of unique IP addresses, the devices in IoT will have to adopt IPv6, which is the latest version of Internet Protocol. IPv6 uses 128-bit IP addresses and offers 2 128 unique IP addresses. Therefore, it expands IPv4 and provides new features of end to end connections as well as new services. In this paper, the various challenges with respect to providing connectivity, security, mobility, etc., have been discussed and how IPv6 helps in meeting those challenges.

Internet routers are a commons. While modest regulatory measures have generally been successful for Information Communication Technologies (ICT), this paper argues that the lack of regulation has hindered the technological evolution of the Internet in some areas. This issue is examined through five Internet problems, and the technological solutions adopted. The key contribution of this paper is the explanation of these issues and the identification of areas where misaligned incentives promote inadequate solutions or inaction. The paper reviews the available measures to encourage the adoption of globally beneficial Internet technologies.

The recent advances in wireless communication technology and the unprecedented growth of the Internet have paved the way for wireless networking and IP mobility. Mobile Internet protocol has been designed within the IETF to support the mobility of users who wish to connect to the Internet and maintain communications as they move from place to place. This study describes and summarizes the current Internet draft for mobile IP (MIPv4) with its major components: agent discovery, registration and tunneling. In addition, we outline the available encapsulation techniques and route optimization procedure. In the end, we describe the design of the new protocol for transparent routing of IPv6 packets to mobile IPv6 nodes operating in the Internet.

Network survivability is gaining increasing attention from the Internet research community. The ubiquity of IP services has fueled increasing interest in ensuring their dependability, by making IP networks more disruption-tolerant. After providing a brief overview of how routing is accomplished in the Internet, this article reviews how the protocols react to failures or changes in network state within an autonomous system. The problems associated with current restoration schemes, with respect to newer and more stringent requirements posed by emerging services such as voice over IP, are identified. We present an overview of the schemes proposed to ameliorate fault recovery and critique their contributions. We also outline future research directions for improving IP resilience.

Though appropriate for core Internet infrastructure, the Internet Protocol is unsuited to routing within and between emerging ad-hoc edge networks due to its dependence on hierarchical, administratively assigned addresses. Existing ad-hoc routing protocols address the management problem but do not scale to Internet-wide networks. The promise of ubiquitous network computing cannot be fulfilled until we develop an Unmanaged Internet Protocol (UIP), a scalable routing protocol that manages itself automatically. UIP must route within and between constantly changing edge networks potentially containing millions or billions of nodes, and must still function within edge networks disconnected from the main Internet, all without imposing the administrative burden of hierarchical address assignment. Such a protocol appears challenging but feasible. We propose an architecture based on self-certifying, cryptographic node identities and a routing algorithm adapted from distributed hash tables., 7 pages, 3 figures

Due to volatile market conditions and increased competition, network operators and Internet service providers have been put under enormous pressure to cut costs while providing the same if not better levels of service to customers. Several aspects of network design are subject to review to assess possible cost savings while maintaining service levels and reliability. This article focuses on Internet protocol network infrastructure design, and in particular investigates architectural options for interconnecting small "IP metro" PoPs to an "IP core" PoP. The baseline architecture is characterized by dual uplink circuits from the metro to the core PoP. Three variants of an alternative architecture based on a single uplink circuit from the metro to the core PoP are compared against the baseline network in terms of end-to-end availability/downtime and capital cost.

The growth of wireless networking is enabling many Internet hosts to become mobile. This article describes and compares three alternatives for providing host mobility managment in IP-based networks. We first summarize the operation and behavior of Mobile IP, on which the Internet Engineering Task Force has focused as a host mobility solution. We next describe two alternative architectures (Migrate and host identity protocol) for providing mobility management. Our qualitative comparison focuses on contrasting the different performance, security, deployment, scalability, and robustness properties of each approach.

The success of the Internet has attracted more people to take part in network navigation. Numerous wireless-communication devices have rapidly evolved in the past decade. The demand for mobile communications is increasing and packet data services through Internet protocol (IP) networks have become a trend. To supply more IP addresses to network devices and improve network performance, a new IP version 6 (IPv6) was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force in 1994. IPv6 supports certain features that make mobility management more efficient in mobile IP. A cellular architecture is needed to improve the communications quality and to reduce power consumption, both at the base and mobile stations. In a cellular environment, handoffs occur frequently. Reducing the defects caused by handoffs is extremely important in the mobile network environment. This is especially important for high-speed moving devices. In this paper, a handoff strategy called neighbor-assisted agent architecture, which takes advantage of the ad-hoc network to improve handoff performance, is proposed. Timing analytical and simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can provide a better solution than mobile IP for handoff breaks during high-speed movement.

This paper presents a vision of the Internet eight years from now (i.e. in the year 2010). The study underpinning this vision was performed in two steps: the definition of requirements and drivers together with an extrapolation of technology developments. The vision is a direct result of the author’s extensive experience with working with the development of the Internet including his technical leadership of the Mobile Wireless Internet Forum and as a contributor to the Internet Engineering Task Force.

In this article we present the current state of the art in IP traceback. The rising threat of cyber attacks, especially DDoS, makes the IP traceback problem very relevant to today's Internet security. Each approach is evaluated in terms of its pros and cons. We also relate each approach to practical deployment issues on the existing Internet infrastructure. The functionality of each approach is discussed in detail and then evaluated. We conclude with a discussion on some legal implications of IP traceback.

Increasingly, network applications must communicate with counterparts across disparate networking environments characterized by significantly different sets of physical and operational constraints; wide variations in transmission latency are particularly troublesome. The proposed Interplanetary Internet, which must encompass both terrestrial and interplanetary links, is an extreme case. An architecture based on a "least common denominator" protocol that can operate successfully and (where required) reliably in multiple disparate environments would simplify the development and deployment of such applications. The Internet protocols are ill suited for this purpose. We identify three fundamental principles that would underlie a delay-tolerant networking (DTN) architecture and describe the main structural elements of that architecture, centered on a new end-to-end overlay network protocol called Bundling. We also examine Internet infrastructure adaptations that might yield comparable performance but conclude that the simplicity of the DTN architecture promises easier deployment and extension.

IPv4, the workhorse protocol of the currently popular TCP/ IP protocol suite, is fast becoming obsolete. The exponential growth of the Internet is the main reason that has required the creation of the next generation of Internet Protocol-IPv6. IPv6 is much more flexible and promises to take care of the address space and security issues in the foreseeable future. In this part we explain the new features introduced in the emerging Internet Protocol standard and why they have been introduced.

In order to develop a valid wireless Internet of things system, a wireless Internet of things framework based on mobile Internet is designed. The architecture of the Internet of things determines the architecture of the Internet of things business platform. There is no uniform standard for the architecture of the Internet of things service platform. The Internet of things business platform is mostly in an isolated state. The platform uses the common information management platform of Internet websites to manage mobile internet. Combined with the technologies of perception, identification and network transmission in the Internet of things technology, it is a content management Web management information system with both B/S (Browser/Server) and C/S structure (Client/Server). The platform can operate anywhere, and can give full play to the processing capacity of the client PC, and greatly reduce the application server running data load. The experimental results show that compared with the centralized database system, in the same piece of redundant condition, when the test table data is greater than the 1 million and the concurrent number is 100, the distributed database system has shorter concurrent query time and faster system response rate. Based on the above finding, it is concluded that wireless Internet of things technology based on mobile Internet will promote the development of the whole logistics industry and other related industries.

This article discusses about Internet engineers have said adopting IPv6 is important because the number of available IPv4 addresses is rapidly decreasing. However, IPv6 adoption is still minimal. This means that expanding networks will still need new IPv4 addresses.

One challenge in understanding the evolution of the Internet infrastructure is the lack of systematic mechanisms for monitoring the extent to which allocated IP addresses are actually used. In this paper, we advance the science of inferring IPv4 address space utilization by proposing a novel taxonomy and analyzing and correlating results obtained through different types of measurements. We have previously studied an approach based on passive measurements that can reveal used portions of the address space unseen by active approaches. In this paper, we study such passive approaches in detail, extending our methodology to new types of vantage points and identifying traffic components that most significantly contribute to discovering used IPv4 network blocks. We then combine the results we obtained through passive measurements together with data from active measurement studies, as well as measurements from Border Gateway Protocol and additional data sets available to researchers. Through the analysis of this large collection of heterogeneous data sets, we substantially improve the state of the art in terms of: 1) understanding the challenges and opportunities in using passive and active techniques to study address utilization and 2) knowledge of the utilization of the IPv4 space.

As the Internet continues to establish itself as a utility, like power, transport or water, it becomes increasingly important to provide an engaging educational experience about its operation for students in related STEM disciplines such as Computer Science and Electrical Engineering. Routing is a core functionality of the global Internet. It can be used as an example of where theory meets practice, where algorithms meet protocols and where science meets engineering. Routing protocols can be included in the Computer Science curriculum in distributed systems, computer networking, algorithms, data structures, and graph theory. While there is a plethora of computer networking textbooks, and copious information of varying quality about the Internet spread across the Web, there is still an essential need for exploratory learning facilities of the type that support group work, experimentation and experiential learning. This paper reports on work using open virtual worlds to provide a multi-user interactive learning environment for Internet routing which exemplifies the capabilities of emerging immersive education technologies to augment conventional practice. The functionality of the learning environment is illustrated through examples and the underlying system which was built to support the routing simulations is explained. Postprint

Service architecture of the Internet becomes more and more complex as it expands as a medium for large-scale distribution of diverse content. Dynamic growth of various content distribution systems, deployed by influential Internet companies, content distributors, aggregators and owners, has substantial impact on distribution of the network traffic and the scalability of various Internet services. The SNIFFER project, presented in this paper, aims to create a service for observing and tracking the long-term growth of various Internet Storage Networks (grids, clouds, Content Delivery Networks, Information-Centric Networks), using the OpenLab and PlanetLab environment. It can be useful to track and map the spreading of such Storage Networks on a global scale, providing more insight into the evolution of Internet towards a content-centric, distributed delivery model.