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Genus Neponymphes Zamboni, 2001 Type species. Neponymphes godoii Zamboni, 2001, by original designation and monotypy., Published as part of MOURA-J��NIOR, DIONIZIO A., QUINTAS, VICTOR, SCHEFFLER, SANDRO M., NEL, ANDR��, RIBEIRO, JOS�� RICARDO I. & MEJDALANI, GABRIEL, 2021, Redescription of Neponymphes godoii Zamboni, 2001 from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil, based on the adult and nymphal stages (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae), pp. 339-352 in Palaeoentomology 4 (4) on page 341, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/5508025, {"references":["Zamboni, J. C. (2001) Contribution to the knowledge of the aquatic paleoentomofauna from Santana Formation (Araripe Basin, Lower Cretaceous, northeast Brazil) with description of new taxa. Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, 24, 129 - 135."]}

Limnogeton scutellatum Mayr, 1863 (Figs. 5 A���D) Limnogeton scutellatum Mayr, 1863: 361. Limnogeton scutellatum: Mayr (1871): 431. Limnogeton scutellatum: Poisson (1949): 7. Limnogeton scutellatum: Linnavuori (1971): 356. Types. The species was described based on a holotype of unknown gender (Africa), deposited in NHMW, according to Mayr (1863) and Montandon (1896). Material examined. EGYPT [?, see above]. 1880, (Letourneux), J. R. I. Ribeiro det. 2011, A. L. Montandon det. 1899: 2 m and 1 f (MNHN). ETHIOPIA. 1971, (G. de Rougemont), J. R. I. Ribeiro det. 2011: 1 f (MNHN). CAMEROON. Garoua, 2012, (Meyin), S. E. Meyin det. 2013: 3 m and 1 f (SM); Yagoua, 02.VIII. 1971, (F. Puylart), J. R. I. Ribeiro det. in 2013: 1 m (MRAC). GHANA. No 38, ���Endr��di Sebo���, ex. Mus. Budapest, N. Nieser det. 1970: 1 m (NC). CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC. Lamabok��, 08.VIII. 1966, (R. Pujol), J. R. I. Ribeiro det. 2011 (identified as L. fieberi): 1 m (MNHN). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO. Molindi River, Albert National Park, ���Kib., 1000 ���[?], ��� 30 ��� 14 /���, 02.V. 1934, (G. F. de Witte): 1 m (MRAC); 02.V. 1934, R. Poisson det. in 1945: 1 f (MRAC) [391]. CONGO. Brazzaville, V. 1959, (L. Vincent), J. R. I. Ribeiro det. 2011: 2 f (MNHN). ZAMBIA. Muliba, Stanley Pool, 25.IX. 1957, (Bula-Matori), [Coll. Mus. Congo], R. Poisson det. 1959: 1 f (MRAC). Prov. Nyonga, V. 1925, (G. F. de Witte), J. R. I. Ribeiro det. in 2013: 1 m (MRAC) [with eggs on dorsum]; 1 f (MRAC). Distribution. Limnogeton scutellatum has been reported from Africa (���aus Afrika���, Mayr 1863: 361), Egypt (Poisson 1949), Zambia (Molindi River) (Poisson 1949) and White Nile (���Nil Blanc���, Poisson 1949: 7); the latter locality is not particularly precise because it refers to a region comprising at least five countries. In addition, Congo (Poisson 1949) is now known as Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of the Congo, which left the range of L. scutellatum in doubt. As argued in Polhemus et al. (1995), Linnavuori (1971) believed that Poisson���s (1949: 7) reference to ��� ��gypte ��� for this species refers to Sudan in the former Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. This species are herein newly recorded from Garoua and Yagoua (Cameroon), Lamabok�� (Central African Republic), Ethiopia, and Ghana. Measurements (m / f): Total length (from apex of head to apex of abdomen at rest): 42.5 ���50.0 / 47.0���49.0; greatest width of body: 20.5���23.1 / 22.0���24.0. General coloration. Almost uniformly brown. Body ovate with wings almost covering abdomen. Head, thorax, and abdomen. Pronotum with longitudinal median carina usually extending only onto posterior portion; prosternal keel cylindrical and straight, spiniform, acute at apex, not projecting anteriorly (females usually with prosternal keel more robust). Pilosity poorly developed, covering almost half of connexivum, slightly constricted between spiracles, not extending posteriorly along genital operculum (as Fig. 3 C). Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical with apex strongly curved; length of phallotheca about 1.5 times ventral diverticulum in dorsal view; ventral diverticulum not robust; dorsal arms of phallotheca directed laterally, slightly divergent, connected or fused along basal portion, U-shaped, rounded at apex (Fig. 5 C); ventral diverticulum with anterior margins not strongly sclerotized, somewhat robust, parallel posteriorly in ventral view (Fig. 5 D, MVD). Taxonomic notes. There is no significant difference in male styli among specimens of L. expansum and L. scutellatum, but the former species clearly comprises the majority of the largest specimens studied. Poisson (1949) stated that the alleged ���differences��� in male styli, also stressed and discussed by Linnavuori (1971), are not enough to differentiate these species. Poisson thus considered them as conspecific, with L. expansum representing merely large specimens of L. scutellatum. Nevertheless, we have found evident male genitalic characteristics distinguishing L. scutellatum from L. expansum, and these are apparently linked to the differences in growth among these insects (see above). For example, L. scutellatum male specimens, the majority of which are smaller than those of L. expansum, have the dorsal arms (Fig. 5 C, DA) not gradually narrowing at the apex and shorter than in L. expansum (Fig. 1 D, DA)., Published as part of Ribeiro, Jos�� Ricardo I., Meyin-A-Ebong, Solange E., Le-Gall, Philippe & Guilbert, Eric, 2014, A taxonomic synopsis of Limnogeton Mayr, 1853 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae), pp. 573-584 in Zootaxa 3779 (5) on pages 581-583, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225225, {"references":["Mayr, G. (1863) Hemipterogische Studien. Die Belostomiden. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft, 13, 339 - 364.","Mayr, G. (1871) Die Belostomiden. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft, 21, 399 - 440.","Poisson, R. A. (1949) Hemipteres aquatiques. Exploration du Parc National Albert (Mission G. F. de Witte (1933 - 1935), 58, 1 - 94.","Linnavuori, R. (1971) Hemiptera of the Sudan, with remarks on some species of adjacent countries. 1. The aquatic and subaquatic families. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 8, 340 - 366.","Montandon, A. (1896) Hemipteres heteropteres exotiques. Notes et descriptions. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 40, 508 - 520.","Polhemus, J. T., Jansson, A. & Kanyukova, E. (1995) Infraordem Nepomorpha - water bugs. Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region, 5 (1), 13 - 76."]}

Limnogeton expansum Montandon, 1896 (Figs. 1 A���E) Limnogeton expansum Montandon, 1896: 519. Limnogeton expansum: Poisson (1949): 7. Limnogeton expansum: Linnavuori (1971): 356. Types. Limnogeton expansum was described based on a holotype from Tanganyika (Democratic Republic of Congo), Africa, deposited in ISNB according to Montandon (1896). Material examined. CONGO. Brazzaville, [��� 393 ���], [��� 92 ���], 1892, (Dybowsky), identified as L. expansum by A. L. Montandon in 1899, J. R. I. Ribeiro det. 2011: 1 f (MNHN); Haute-Sanga, (P. A. Ferri��re 106 - 97): 1 m (MNHN). CAMEROON. Batouri, M. [?] de Lisle, ���MUS��UM PARIS //P. Lepesme R. Paulian//A. Villiers, 1939, ��� 42 ������, J. R. I. Ribeiro det. 2011, (identified as L. fieberi): 2 m (MNHN). Distribution. Tanganyika (Democratic Republic of Congo) and Kilimandjaro (Tanzania) (Poisson 1949; Linnavuori 1971). This species is newly recorded herein from Batouri (Cameroon) and Brazzaville and Haute- Sanga (Congo). Measurements (m / f): Total length (from apex of head to apex of abdomen at rest): 50.0��� 57.2 / 54.1; greatest width of body: 24.0��� 27.2 / 26.5. General coloration. Almost uniformly brown. Body ovate with wings covering abdomen. Head, thorax, and abdomen. Pronotum with longitudinal median carina (Fig. 1 A, LMC) extending only onto posterior portion; prosternal keel elongate and slightly directed anteriorly at apex, straight, robust, cylindrical, with its apex acute, slightly projecting anteriorly (Fig. 1 B, PC). Pilosity developed, covering half of connexivum, slightly constricted between spiracles, not extending posteriorly along genital operculum (Fig. 1 C, PIL). Male genitalia: Parameres symmetrical, both with apex curved and poorly hooked; left one strongly edentate, the other smoothly curved; length of phallotheca about 1.4 times ventral diverticulum in dorsal view; ventral diverticulum robust; dorsal arms of phallotheca strongly divergent, symmetrical, connected or fused along basal portion, V-shaped and abruptly narrowed at apex in dorsal view (Fig. 1 D); lateral outer margins of ventral diverticulum almost straight (Fig. 1 E), ventral diverticulum with anterior margins broader, becoming narrow posteriorly (Fig. 1 E). Taxonomic notes. Males of this species can be readily distinguished from the other species of Limnogeton by having the dorsal arms of ventral diverticulum robust, V-shaped, and conspicuously acute at the apex (Fig. 1 D)., Published as part of Ribeiro, Jos�� Ricardo I., Meyin-A-Ebong, Solange E., Le-Gall, Philippe & Guilbert, Eric, 2014, A taxonomic synopsis of Limnogeton Mayr, 1853 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae), pp. 573-584 in Zootaxa 3779 (5) on page 575, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225225, {"references":["Montandon, A. (1896) Hemipteres heteropteres exotiques. Notes et descriptions. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 40, 508 - 520.","Poisson, R. A. (1949) Hemipteres aquatiques. Exploration du Parc National Albert (Mission G. F. de Witte (1933 - 1935), 58, 1 - 94.","Linnavuori, R. (1971) Hemiptera of the Sudan, with remarks on some species of adjacent countries. 1. The aquatic and subaquatic families. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 8, 340 - 366."]}

Limnogeton fieberi Mayr, 1853 (Figs. 2 A���D) Limnogeton fieberi Mayr, 1853: 16. Limnogeton fieberi: Montandon (1896): 517. Limnogeton fieberi: Poisson (1949): 7. Limnogeton fieberi: Poisson (1954): 12. Limnogeton fieberi: Linnavuori (1964): 334. Limnogeton fieberi: Poisson (1967): 1324. Limnogeton fieberi: Poisson (1968 a): 26. Limnogeton fieberi: Poisson (1969): 16. Limnogeton fieberi: Linnavuori (1971): 355 (in part). Types. Limnogeton fieberi was described based on a male holotype (from Mayr���s collection) from Kordofan, Sudan according to Mayr (1853), probably deposited in NHMW. This specimen was not examined. Material examined. Marno.[?], Wadai, IV. 1882, [���MUSEUM PARIS //MUSEUM VIENNE 1899 ���]: 1 m (MNHN). EGYPTE. 1880, (Letourneux), J. R. I. Ribeiro det. 2011, A. L. Montandon det. 1899: 3 f (MNHN). SUDAN. I. 1863, (Penty), A. L. Montandon det. 1899, J. R. I. Ribeiro det. 2011: 1 f (MNHN). CAMEROON. [Museum E. A. C.], 1950, (P. Malzy leg.), J. R. I. Ribeiro det. 2011: 1 f (MNHN); Garoua, 2012, (Meyin), S. E. Meyin det. 2013: 1 m and 2 f (SM). CONGO. N. Rhodesia, Kinge, 18.I. 1938, (H. J. Br��do) [R. DET. 7123 A, COLL. MUS. CONGO]: 1 m (MRAC). Distribution. Mabwe, Upemba (Democratic Republic of Congo) (Poisson 1954); Kordofan (Sudan) (Poisson 1967), Egypt (Mayr 1871; Linnavuori 1964; Poisson 1967), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Palestine (Poisson 1967); Brazzaville (Congo) (Poisson 1967); Bangweulu Lake [as R��gion du Lac Bangweolo] (Samfya, Zambia), R��gion de la Kafubu (Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo) (Poisson 1968 a); Luanza (Kaluko River, Zambia) (Poisson 1969). Measurements (m / f): Total length (from apex of head to apex of abdomen at rest): 40.6���55.9 / 45.0���53.0; greatest width of body: 18.2���25.7 / 19.5���23.1. General coloration. Almost uniformly brown. Body ovate, with wings covering completely abdomen. Head, thorax, and abdomen. Pronotum with longitudinal median carina usually developed on posterior portion; prosternal keel elongate and cylindrical, strongly spiniform, with apex acute (Fig. 2 B, PC). Pilosity poorly developed, covering almost half of connexivum, slightly constricted between spiracles, not extending posteriorly along genital operculum (see Fig. 3 C, compare with Fig. 1 C). Male genitalia: Parameres symmetrical with apex curved, directed upward, not edentate, smoothly curved; length of phallotheca about twice ventral diverticulum in dorsal view; ventral diverticulum not robust; dorsal arms of phallotheca poorly developed and poorly connected or fused along basal portion, rounded at apex, never Ushaped (Fig. 2 C, DA); lateral outer margins of ventral diverticulum straight, not sinuous (Fig. 2 C); ventral diverticulum with anterior margins not strongly sclerotized, narrower, obviously convergent posteriorly in ventral view (Fig. 2 D, MVD). Taxonomic notes. Members of this species are now thought to comprise part of a strange morphocline, including L. expansum and L. scutellatum, for we have always found forms with the dorsal arms of phallotheca short and never V-shaped in L. fieberi (Fig. 2 C), whereas they are either somewhat or quite long in L. scutellatum and L. expansum, respectively (Figs. 1 D, 5 C). This morphological continuum seems to be linked to body size, since males of L. expansum have the dorsal arms extremely V-shaped, divergent, and more promimently developed. By contrast, L. fieberi is the smallest species of this genus and bears dorsal arms that are much shorter., Published as part of Ribeiro, Jos�� Ricardo I., Meyin-A-Ebong, Solange E., Le-Gall, Philippe & Guilbert, Eric, 2014, A taxonomic synopsis of Limnogeton Mayr, 1853 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae), pp. 573-584 in Zootaxa 3779 (5) on pages 576-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225225, {"references":["Mayr, G. (1853) Zwei neue wanzen aus Kordofan. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 2, 14 - 18.","Montandon, A. (1896) Hemipteres heteropteres exotiques. Notes et descriptions. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 40, 508 - 520.","Poisson, R. A. (1949) Hemipteres aquatiques. Exploration du Parc National Albert (Mission G. F. de Witte (1933 - 1935), 58, 1 - 94.","Poisson, R. A. (1954) Hemipteres aquatiques. Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba. Mission G. F. de Witte en collaboration avec W. Adam, A. Janssens, L. van Meel et R. Verheyen (1946 - 1949), 31, 1 - 53.","Linnavuori, R. (1964) Hemiptera of Egypt, with remarks on some species of the adjacent Eremian region. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 1, 306 - 356.","Poisson, R. A. (1967) Contribution a la faune du Congo (Brazzaville). Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries. LXIII. Hemipteres Heteropteres Hydrocorises. Bulletin de l'I. F. A. N., 24, 1321 - 1333.","Poisson, R. A. (1968 a). Heteropteres aquatiques. Exploration Hydrobiologique du Bassin du Lac Bangweolo et du Luapula, 14, 1 - 50.","Poisson, R. A. (1969) Heteropteres aquatiques du Bassin de la Luanza. Exploration Hydrobiologique du Bassin du Lac Bangweolo et du Luapula, 14, 1 - 25.","Linnavuori, R. (1971) Hemiptera of the Sudan, with remarks on some species of adjacent countries. 1. The aquatic and subaquatic families. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 8, 340 - 366.","Mayr, G. (1871) Die Belostomiden. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft, 21, 399 - 440."]}

Members of Buenoa are restricted to the Western Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity of species in South America. There are about 50 described species and approximately 20 of them have been reported from Brazil. Buenoa pseudomutabilis Barbosa, Ribeiro and Nessimian, sp. nov. is described here from Maricá, Rio de Janeiro State. This species resembles B. mutabilis Truxal, 1953 because males have a stridulatory area on inner surface of forefemur, forefemur narrowed at apex, with length more than three times its width at apex, and rostral prong longer than third rostral segment. Males of B. pseudomutabilis sp. nov. can be readily recognized by the presence of 21 to 25 teeth in the stridulatory comb of foretibia, whereas in B. mutabilis the stridulatory comb of foretibia consists of approximately 33 to 38 teeth. Males of B. pseudomutabilis sp. nov. bear one nodule on each ventral laterotergite 1 of abdomen. A key to male species of Buenoa occurring in Rio de Janeiro State, including the new species, is provided. Os representantes de Buenoa restringem-se ao hemisfério ocidental, sendo a América do Sul a região que abriga o maior número de espécies descritas. Das 50 espécies descritas, cerca de 20 ocorrem no Brasil. Buenoa pseudomutabilis Barbosa, Ribeiro & Nessimian, sp. nov. é descrita com base em representantes de Maricá, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo similar à B. mutabilis Truxal, 1953 quanto à presença de uma área estridulatória na superfície interna do fêmur anterior dos machos, pelo aspecto estreito do ápice desse fêmur (com o comprimento maior que três vezes a largura do seu ápice) e pelo dente lateral do rostro maior que o seu terceiro segmento. Espécimes machos de B. pseudomutabilis sp. nov. podem ser distinguidos facilmente pela presença de um pente com 21 a 25 dentes na tíbia anterior, enquanto o dos machos de B. mutabilis consiste de aproximadamente 33 a 38 dentes. Os machos de B. pseudomutabilis sp. nov. apresentam um nódulo em ambos os lados do primeiro tergito látero-ventral do abdome. Uma chave de identificação para os representantes machos das espécies de Buenoa ocorrentes no Rio de Janeiro com a espécie nova incluída é fornecida.