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Catalytic pyrolysis of post-industrial and post-consumer waste is studied in an auger-type reactor at pilot scale by applying two different zeolites and an amorphous silica-alumina catalyst in-situ at 400–550 °C. Contrary to thermal pyrolysis, of polyolefin-rich waste, high gaseous pyrolysis product yields of approx. 85 wt % are achieved with C$_2$–C$_4$ olefin contents of up to 67 wt %. After deactivation by coke deposition catalyst regeneration is proved feasible for maintaining the gaseous product yield and composition. Waste feedstocks with significant nitrogen and halogen heteroatom content are not suitable for in-situ catalytic pyrolysis.

Most automotive plastic waste (APW) is landfilled or used in energy recovery as it is unsuitable for high-quality product mechanical recycling. Chemical recycling via pyrolysis offers a pathway toward closing the material loop by handling this heterogeneous waste and providing feedstock for producing virgin plastics. This study compares chemical recycling and energy recovery scenarios for APW regarding climate change impact and cumulative energy demand (CED), assessing potential environmental advantages. In addition, an economic assessment is conducted. In contrast to other studies, the assessments are based on pyrolysis experiments conducted with an actual waste fraction. Mass balances and product composition are reported. The experimental data is combined with literature data for up- and downstream processes for the assessment. Chemical recycling shows a lower net climate change impact (0.57 to 0.64 kg CO2e/kg waste input) and CED (3.38 to 4.41 MJ/kg waste input) than energy recovery (climate change impact: 1.17 to 1.25 kg CO2e/kg waste input; CED: 6.94 to 7.97 MJ/kg waste input), while energy recovery performs better economically (net processing cost of −0.05 to −0.02€/kg waste input) compared to chemical recycling (0.05 to 0.08€/kg waste input). However, chemical recycling keeps carbon in the material cycle contributing to a circular economy and reducing the dependence on fossil feedstocks. Therefore, an increasing circularity of APW through chemical recycling shows a conflict between economic and environmental objectives.

The drastic increase in distributed energy resources (DERs) leads to challenges in the operation of distribution systems worldwide. While several solutions for grid monitoring and control are available on the market and in literature, this research is the first of its kind aiming to supervise the grid by providing a modular configurable unified hardware and software architecture. The control algorithms are configured using data models according to IEC 61850-7-3 and IEC 61850-7-4. The novel system architecture is a portable, modular and flexible architecture that aggregates smart grid control functions onto a standardised hardware platform, emphasising the need for hardware independence. The central controller contains several smart grid control functions and the various field devices are distributed across the distribution grid. This paper deals with the simulation of different real-world distribution grids on the Real-Time Simulator (RTS) and experimental verification of the control algorithms. Smart grid control functions such as Coordinated Voltage Control (CVC) and Optimal Power Flow (OPF) are experimentally verified on a German grid. The grid dynamics are compared when the central controller executes the CVC against the OPF implementations. The experimental results, advantages and challenges of each control are presented here. The results also showed the variation in grid behaviour when the control parameters were varied. The paper also shows that the algorithm and the choice of the control parameters depend upon the distribution grid's complexity and the system operator's individual needs. The results illustrate the potential of such a universal distribution automation solution for system operators worldwide., IET generation, transmission & distribution;16(13)

This chapter discusses the integration of theories of semantic representations into HPSG. It focuses on those aspects that are specific to HPSG and, in particular, recent approaches that make use of underspecified semantic representations, as they are quite unique to HPSG.

CGRPrelease plays a major role in migraine pain by activating the trigeminalpain pathways. Here we explored putative additional effects of CGRP on cortical circuits and investigated whether CGRP affectscortical excitability, cortical spreadingdepolarization(CSD), a phenomenon associatedwith migraine aura, blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and microglial morphology. We usedimmunohistochemistryto localize CGRP and theCGRP receptor(CGRP-R) in native cortex and evaluated morphology ofmicrogliaand integrity of the BBB after exposure to CGRP. In anesthetized rats we applied CGRP and the CGRP-R antagonist BIBN4096BS locally to the exposed cortex and monitored the spontaneouselectrocorticogramand CSDs evoked by remote KCl pressuremicroinjection. In mouse brain slices CGRP effects onneuronal activitywere explored bymultielectrode array. CGRPimmunoreactivitywas detectable in intracortical vessels, and all cortical neurons showed CGRP-R immunoreactivity. In rat cortex in vivo, topical CGRP induced periods ofepileptiform discharges, however, also dose-dependently reduced CSD amplitudes and propagation velocity. BIBN4096BS prevented these effects. CGRP evoked synchronized bursting activity in mouse cortical but not incerebellar slices.Topical applicationof CGRP to rat cortex inducedplasma extravasationand this was associated with reduced ramification of microglial cells. From these findings we conclude that CGRP induces a pathophysiological state in the cortex, consisting in neuronal hyperexcitability andneuroinflammation. Thus, CGRP may have a pronounced impact on brain functions during migraine episodes supporting the benefit of CGRP antagonists for clinical use. However, increased cortical CGRP may end the CSD-induced aura phase of migraine.

Chemical recycling of plastic wastes can be a useful complement to mechanical recycling to achieve the required plastics recycling rates and to establish a circular economy that is climate neutral and resource-efficient. Different mixed plastic wastes that are subject to future recycling efforts are studied under uniform conditions of intermediate pyrolysis characterized by a medium heating rate and pyrolysis temperature. Product distributions and selected product properties are determined, and process mass and energy balances are derived. Product yields and compositions are highly dependent on the waste pyrolyzed. The results show that pyrolysis is a suitable process to recover chemical feedstock from various complex mixed plastic wastes.

Das kommentierte Verzeichnis der Pflanzengesellschaften bietet eine Übersicht über die Vielfalt der sächsischen Vegetation. Die Rote Liste der Pflanzengesellschaften ist ein Bindeglied zwischen den Roten Listen der Arten und der Biotoptypen. Sie dient sowohl der Bioindikation als auch der Fachplanung des Naturschutzes. Mit Hilfe der Roten Liste können Arten- und Biotopschutzprogramme ergänzt und Aktivitäten zum Schutz und zur Entwicklung bedrohter Lebensräume angeregt werden. Die vorliegende Rote Liste der Pflanzengesellschaften Sachsens ist eine vollständig überarbeitete Fortschreibung der ersten Auflage von 2001. Redaktionsschluss: 31.12.2020

This volume contains the complete collection of published and unpublished work on German grammar by Tilman N. Höhle. It consists of two parts. The first part is Topologische Felder, a book-length manuscript that was written in 1983 but was never finished nor published. It is a careful examination of the topological properties of German sentences, including a discussion of typological assumptions. The second part assembles all other published and unpublished papers by Höhle on German grammar. All of these papers were highly influential in German linguistics, in theoretical linguistics in general, and in a specific variant of theoretical linguistics, Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar. Topics covered are clause structure, constituent order, coordination, (verum) focus, word structure, the relationship between relative pronouns and verbs in V2, extraction, and the foundations of a theory of phonology in constraint-based grammar.

Der Leitfaden ist eine Handlungsempfehlung und Orientierungshilfe für Naturschutzbehörden, Vereine sowie private, engagierte Naturschützer, die sich mit Wiederansiedlungen und Populationsstützungen hochgradig gefährdeter Pflanzenarten beschäftigen. Er soll helfen die naturschutzfachliche Qualität derartiger Maßnahmen zu sichern. In der Veröffentlichung werden unter Einbeziehung aktueller Forschungsergebnisse fachliche Empfehlungen zur Vorbereitung und Durchführung von Wiederansiedlungen und Populationsstützungen zusammengestellt. Damit sollen die Planung und notwendige Entscheidungsprozesse vereinfacht werden. Darüber hinaus enthält der Leitfaden auch Hinweise zur Dokumentation und zur Erfolgskontrolle der Maßnahmen. Im Freistaat Sachsen sind 743 Farn- und Blütenpflanzen gefährdet oder bereits ausgestorben. Weitere 20 Arten gelten als extrem selten. Damit sind 44,5 % der in Sachsen heimischen Pflanzenarten aktuell bedroht. Der Anteil gefährdeter Pflanzen ist in Sachsen damit höher als der Bundesdurchschnitt mit ca. 40 %. Die Anzahl der vom Aussterben bedrohten Arten hat in Sachsen zudem seit 1999 deutlich zugenommen. Redaktionsschluss: 10.01.2018

Wozu braucht es künftig digitale Technologien in der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung? Wo liegen die Unterschiede zur grundständigen Ausbildung? Die Beantwortung dieser Fragen ist ein zentrales Anliegen des vorliegenden Beitrages. In den folgenden Abschnitten werden daher Einsatzmöglichkeiten digitaler Technologien in der Weiterbildung vorgestellt, die über die bisherigen E-Learning-Diskurse hinausgehen. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie Technologien entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette innerhalb der Weiterbildung zum Einsatz kommen können. Dabei werden die Planung und die Produktion von Bildungsangeboten ebenso berücksichtigt wie die Teilnehmerakquise oder die Evaluation der Durchführung dieser Bildungsangebote. Zudem soll deutlich gemacht werden, welche Technologien für die Unterstützung der Weiterbildungswertschöpfung an den sächsischen Hochschulen verfügbar sind, bzw. wie sich vorhandene Technologien für diese Zwecke sinnvoll einsetzen lassen. Vor der detaillierten Darstellung der Weiterbildungswertschöpfung sowie verfügbarer Technologien wird zunächst das Feld der Weiterbildung aus technologischer Perspektive skizziert. (DIPF/Orig.)