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SIGNIFICANCE: Ergothioneine (ET) is an unusual sulfur-containing amino acid derived from histidine, acquired predominantly from food. Its depletion is associated with deleterious consequences in response to stress stimuli in cell culture models, prompting us to classify it as a vitamin in 2010, which was later supported by in vivo studies. ET is obtained from a variety of foods and is taken up by a selective transporter. ET possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that confer cytoprotection. ET crosses the blood–brain barrier and has been reported to have beneficial effects in the brain. In this study, we discuss the cytoprotective and neuroprotective properties of ET, which may be harnessed for combating neurodegeneration and decline during aging. RECENT ADVANCES: The designation of ET as a stress vitamin is gaining momentum, opening a new field of investigation involving small molecules that are essential for optimal physiological functioning and maintenance of health span. CRITICAL ISSUES: Although ET was discovered more than a century ago, its physiological functions are still being elucidated, especially in the brain. As ET is present in most foods, toxicity associated with its deprivation has been difficult to assess. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Using genetically engineered cells and mice, it may now be possible to elucidate roles of ET. This coupled with advances in genomics and metabolomics may lead to identification of ET function. As ET is a stable antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties, whose levels decline during aging, supplementing ET in the diet or consuming an ET-rich diet may prove beneficial. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1306–1317.

In this investigation, a series of novel random bio-based thiophene–aromatic copolyesters, including thiophene and phenyl units, were successfully prepared from dimethyl 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate, dimethyl 2,5-dimethoxyterephthalate, and the aliphatic diols ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and 1,8-octanediol, via twostep melt polymerization as a facile and green semi-continuous process. Techniques used to monitor the polymerization process included Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The copolymers had tunable Tg values ranging from 47–120°C, while their 5% decomposition temperature (Td, 5%) under N2 varied from 405–370 °C. GPC analysis showed that the polyesters had weight-average molecular weights (Mw) of 41 400–48 500 g/mol and polydispersity indices of 1.47–2.24. A study of structure-property relations showed that the properties of these copolymers can be tailored by varying their composition. All the copolyesters exhibited high tensile strength (45–80 MPa) and toughness values (elongation at break of 200–540%). After 28 weeks of incubation in humid soil, weight losses of up to 7.2% were observed. Considering their good mechanical properties, thermal stability and biodegradability, these renewable sulfur-containing copolyesters have great potential to replace petroleum-based commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the food packaging industry, which is helpful to implement carbon neutrality and sustainable development in the polymer industry.

Originating from “rocking‐chair concept”, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have become one of the most important electrochemical energy storage technologies, which have largely impacted our daily life. The utilization of electrolyte additives in small quantities (≤5% by wt or vol) has been long viewed as an economical and efficient approach to regulate the properties of electrolyte and electrode–electrolyte interphases and consequently improve the cycling performance of LIBs. Among all the kinds of electrolyte additives, sulfur‐containing compounds have gained significant attention due to their unique features in building stable electrode–electrolyte interphases and protect battery cells from overcharging. In this work, advances and progresses of sulfur‐containing additives used in LIBs are overviewed, with special attention paid to the working mechanisms of these electrolyte additives. Particularly, four representative sulfur‐containing compounds (i.e., 1,3‐propane sultone, prop‐1‐ene‐1,3‐sultone, 1,3,2‐dioxathiolane‐2,2‐dioxide, and ethylene sulfite) are comparatively discussed concerning their impact on electrode–electrolyte interphases and cell performances. Future work on the development of sulfur‐containing compounds as functional electrolyte additives is also provided. The present review is anticipated to be not only a base document to access the status quo in this research domain but also a guideline to select specialized additives and electrolytes for practical applications.

In the paper, bulk property and chemical composition of Kazakhstan vacuum residuum were characterized. Sulfides and thiophenes were selectively isolated from the residuum and characterized by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Molecular weights of the sulfur compounds were varied from 150 to 800 Da and S1 , S2 , O1S1 , O2S1 , N1S1 class species were assigned in the heavy oil derived methylsulfonium. Vanadyl porphyrins characterized by positive-ion electrospray ionization and FT-ICR MS, which showed that etioporphyrins (ETIO) (CnH2n-28N4V1O1 , corresponding to DBE = 17) and deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrins (DPEP) (CnH2n-30N4V1O1, corresponding to DBE = 18). It should be noted that the vanadyl porphyrins were most abundant.

Summary The enzymatic conversion of l‐methionine (l‐Met) into volatile organic sulfur‐containing compounds (VOSCs) plays an important role in developing the characteristic aroma of foods. However, the mechanism for the direct conversion of l‐Met into VOSCs is still unclear in yeast cells used to make food products. Here, we show that the transcription profile of YALI0C22088g from Yarrowia lipolytica correlates positively with l‐Met addition. YALI0C22088g catalyses the γ‐elimination of l‐Met, directly converting l‐Met into VOSCs. YALI0C22088g also exhibits strong C‐S lysis activities towards l‐cystathionine and the other sulfur‐containing compounds and forms a distinct cystathionine‐γ‐lyase subgroup. We identified eight key amino acid residues in YALI0C22088g, and we inferred that the size of the tunnel and the charges carried by the entrance amino acid residue are the determinants for the enzymatic conversion of l‐Met into VOSCs. These findings reveal the formation mechanism of VOSCs produced directly from l‐Met via the demethiolation pathway in Yarrowia lipolytica, which provides a rationale for engineering the enzymatic conversion of l‐Met into VOSCs and thus stimulates the enzymatic production of aroma compounds., YALI0C22088g from Yarrowia lipolytica catalyses the γ‐elimination of l‐methionine, directly converting l‐methionine into VOSCs. YALI0C22088g also exhibits strong C‐S lysis activities toward the other sulfur‐containing compounds and forms a distinct cystathionine‐γ‐lyase subgroup. The size of the tunnel and the charges carried by the entrance amino acid residues are inferred to be the determinants for the enzymatic conversion of l‐Met into VOSCs.

In this research, firstly, some derivatives of sulfur containing [1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one have been synthesized and then they were used for the synthesis of novel derivatives of 6′-amino-2,9′-dioxo-2′-phenyl-9′H-spiro[indoline-3,8′-pyrano[2,3-d][1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine]-7′-carbonitriles via a one-pot three-component condensation reaction of 7-hydroxy-2-phenyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives, malononitrile and isatin compounds in the presence of DABCO as a organocatalyst and under solvent-free conditions. In this report, a new family of spiro-pyrano-thiadiazolo-pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized in short reaction times (10–60 min) and good to excellent yields (80–96%). The structures of all synthesized products have been confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry, and the structure of one selected product was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies as well.

Natural products derived from marine microorganisms have received great attention as a potential resource of new compound entities for drug discovery. The unique marine environment brings us a large group of sulfur-containing natural products with abundant biological functionality including antitumor, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. We reviewed all the 484 sulfur-containing natural products (non-sulfated) isolated from marine microorganisms, of which 59.9% are thioethers, 29.8% are thiazole/thiazoline-containing compounds and 10.3% are sulfoxides, sulfones, thioesters and many others. A selection of 133 compounds was further discussed on their structure–activity relationships, mechanisms of action, biosynthesis, and druggability. This is the first systematic review on sulfur-containing natural products from marine microorganisms conducted from January 1987, when the first one was reported, to December 2020.

Background. Change of the content of sulfur-containing amino acids and their metabolites is one of the pathochemical mechanisms of alcohol intoxication. Purpose of the study. To study the effect of chronic and intermittent alcohol intoxication on the content of sulfurcontaining amino acids and related compounds in the rat blood plasma. Material and methods. Thirty white outbred rats weighing 180-220 g. The content of free amino acids and biogenic amines was determined by HPLC. Results. A 14-day chronic alcohol intoxication was accompanied by a significant decrease in the level of methionine and an increase in the level of homocysteine in the blood plasma. The concentration of glutathione increased by 5%. In the intermittent alcohol intoxication IAI-4 group, the homocysteine content also increased, as did the level of homoserine and cystathionine in the IAI-1 group. Conclusions. Сhronic and intermittent alcohol intoxications cause similar violations of the level of sulfur-containing amino acids and their metabolites in the rat blood plasma.

Detailed molecular analysis of complex mixtures such as crude oil and its fractions has been successfully covered by a number of groups during the past two decades. On the other side, the most glaring need is some type of method that allows quantitative analysis of a single class, compound species, or even individual compounds. Here, the problem is being complicated by the complexity of the sample and the need for individual response factors necessary for the analysis of single compounds in almost all analytical methods. This can be circumvented by using a method with uniform response like inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Sulfur is one of the most important heteroelements present in crude oil and its products due to stringent regulations. Quantification of sulfur by means of mass spectrometry has always been a challenging task. Here, we present the combination of a sulfur-selective chromatographic separation of crude oil and its fractions on a Pd-coated stationary phase with two-dimensional detection. Qualitative analysis by ultrahigh-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry allows a detailed understanding of individual compositions after chromatographic separation, while the quantitative data from inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry details the quantities of each part of the chromatogram. The combination of the results from both methods allows assigning three different types of sulfur species and their quantitative determination in extremely complex heavy crude oil fractions.

This research discusses the use of coal-processing wastes of the Shubarkol Deposit (Karaganda region, Kazakhstan) to produce valuable materials such as carbon fibers. Annually «Shubarkol Komir» JSC alone produces up to 35,000 tons of coal tar as byproduct. In this experiment, mesophase pitch was obtained by coal tar heat treatment at 200 o C. By cracking mesophase pitch into the pieces with the addition of poly (methyl methacrylate) as fiber-forming material and 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent, the spinnable solution was prepared. The elemental analysis of the mesophase pitch showed that the heat treatment up to 200 o C does not contribute to the full elimination of sulfur containing components that influence the forming of mesophase. From the Raman spectra of the pitch, the D peak appearance at ~ 1370 cm-1 and G peak at ~ 1600 cm-1 responsible for carbon products. Carbon fibers with an average diameter of 2.5-3.3 μm were obtained by electrospinning technique in laboratory settings. References [1] The official web site of the International Energy Agency (IEA) https://www.iea.org/ [2] Kim B.J., Kil H., Watanabe N., Seo M.H., Kim B.H., Yang K.S., Kato O., Miyawaki J., Mochida I., Yoon S.H. // Curr Org Chem. 2013, 17, 1463. http://doi.org/10.2174/1385272811317130013 [3] Zhu J., Park S.W., Joh H.I., Kim H.C., Lee S. // Carbon Lett. 2013, 14, 94. http://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2013.14.2.094 [4] https://www.erg.kz/ru/news/693 [5] Derbyshire F., Andrews R., Jacques, D. Jagtoyen M., Kimber G., Rantell T.. // Fuel. 2001, 80, 345. http:/doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361 (00)00099-5 [6] https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2020-full-report.pdf [7] Forintos N., Czigany T. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2019, 162, 331. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.10.098 [8] Aldosari S.M., Khan M., Rahatekar S. // Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020, 9(4), 7786. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.05.037 [9] Doshlov O.I., Kondrat’ev V.V., Ugap’ev A.A. et al. // Coke Chem. 58, 32-38 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068364X15010020 [10] Frank E., Steudle L.M., Ingildeev D., J. M. Sporl, M. R.:Buchmeiser, AngewChemInt Ed., 2014, 53, 5262. http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201306129 [11] Yang K.S., Kim B.H., Yoon S.H. // Carbon Lett. 2014, 15, 162. http://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2014.15.3.162 [12] Mochida I., Toshima H., Korai Y., Matsumoto T. // J Mater Sci. 1988, 23, 670. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01174704 [13] Zhiyuan C., He J., Fengwen Z., Yuexing L., Yong L., Huilin Y. // J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 2014, 79, 587. http://doi.org/10.2298/jsc130702150z [14] Yoo M.J., Ko H.J., Lim Y.S., Kim M.S. // Carbon Lett. 2014, 15, 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5714/CL.2014.15.4.247 [15] Yermagambet B., Kazankapova M., Nauryzbaeva A., Mansurov Z., Smagulova G., Kai-dar B. // News of the NAS of RK. Ser. of Geo. Tech. Sc. 2019, 4, 436. https://doi.org/10.32014/2019.2518-170X.101 [16] Park S. Carbon Fibers, Springer Netherlands, Incheon, Republic of Korea (South Korea). 2015, 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9478-7 [17] Filippov M.M. Ramanovskaya spektroskopiya kak metod izucheniya gluboko ugleficirovannogo organicheskogo veshchestva // Russia, Petrozavodsk, 2014, 1, 115. http://igkrc.ru/assets/publication/trudy-2014-1-p115-134.pdf [18] Severyuhina A.N., Svenskaya Yu. I, Gorin D.A. // Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. Seriya Fizika. 2013, 13(2), 67.

The economic evaluation of the exploration sulfur well depends mainly on the elemental sulfur content and its association other factors, so a sample of sulfur rocks extracted by a special excavator for one of the exploratory wells was studied and in the form of a bore hole rock. The elemental sulfur ratio reached 12.8% an important ratio in estimating the explored sulfur reserves and through XRD, the predominant crystalline composition is calcite mineral with hexagonal crystalline form and with a lesser percentage in orthorhombic crystal sulfur this supports one of the theories that explained the formation of sulfur. Also, the mine Mishraq sulfur extracted by the underground melting method (known as the Frasch process) was studied chemically, and the elemental sulfur ratio reached 98.58% and the bituminous material 1.157%. Also, the SEM scanning electron microscope showed the presence of nanotubes of size (20-44 nm) belonging to the carb-sulfur compounds in the SEM, which are observed for the first time in this form.

Цель исследования – изучить показатели концентраций серосодержащих аминокислот и их метаболитов в сыворотке крови у женщин с хирургической и естественной менопаузой и установить корреляционные взаимосвязи со степенью тяжести климактерического синдрома, уровнем гонадотропных и половых стероидных гормонов. Материал и методы. Нами обследованы 192 женщины, из них 93 с хирургической менопаузой (I группа), 68 с естественной менопаузой (II группа), 31 в позднем репродуктивном и пременопаузальном возрастах (контрольная группа). Пациенткам проводилось исследование содержания гомоцистеина (Hcy), цистеина (Cys), глутатиона (GSH) и цистеинилглицина (CysGly) в сыворотке крови методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматогафии (ВЭЖХ). Результаты. Установлено, что у женщин с хирургической менопаузой медианное значение показателей гомоцистеина, цистеина, цистеинилглицина в 1,5 раза, на 17,0% и 23,2% соответственно выше, чем у женщин с естественной менопаузой, и в 2,2, 2,0 и 1,8 раза соответственно выше, чем у пациенток контрольной группы (p

Sulfur is widely existent in natural products and synthetic organic compounds as organosulfur, which are often associated with a multitude of biological activities. OBenzothiazole, in which benzene ring is fused to the 4,5-positions of the thiazolerganosulfur compounds continue to garner increasing amounts of attention in the field of medicinal chemistry, especially in the development of therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a fatal neurodegenerative disease and the primary cause of age-related dementia posing severe societal and economic burdens. Unfortunately, there is no cure for AD. A lot of research has been conducted on sulfur-containing compounds in the context of AD due to their innate antioxidant potential and some are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we have described emerging trends in the field, particularly the concept of multi-targeting and formulation of disease-modifying strategies. SAR, pharmacological targets, in vitro/vivo ADMET, efficacy in AD animal models, and applications in clinical trials of such sulfur compounds have also been discussed. This article provides a comprehensive review of organosulfur-based AD therapeutic agents and provides insights into their future development.

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To further study the mechanism of coal self-heating, the reaction sequences and thermodynamic properties between sulfur-containing groups and oxygen during coal self-heating were analyzed. The benzyl mercaptan and diphenyl sulfide were selected as typical sulfur-containing structures existing in coal. Their structural parameters, frontier orbital characteristics, and thermodynamic parameters were analyzed through quantum chemistry calculation and their detailed reaction sequences with oxygen were proposed. The results indicate that the thiol structure in coal can easily react with oxygen at low temperatures and release large amounts of heat (146.70 kJ/mol) during coal self-heating, providing active free radicals and energy for subsequent chain reactions of coal spontaneous combustion. The oxidation reaction between the thioether structure and oxygen cannot occur at room temperature. With the accumulation of heat, thioether gradually becomes active and reacts with oxygen to form sulfoxide and release an enormous amount of heat (248.09 kJ/mol), which can be further oxidized to sulfone with an increase in temperature. The reaction models of thiol and thioether groups during coal self-heating were proposed, which involves eight main reaction sequences (R1∼R8). It indicates that the reactions of thiol and thioether groups play crucial roles during the evolution of coal self-heating, with a slow oxidation stage at low temperatures and an accelerated oxidation stage at high temperatures.

We studied two types of palladium-containing catalysts in the hydrogenation reaction of a model feedstock in order to reveal contacts resistance to sulfur, and it was shown that the decrease in the activity of catalysts upon the action of thiophene is associated with the number of electron-seeking centers on their surface. An assumption was made about the hydrogenation proceeding according to two schemes, depending on the type of catalyst

Nowadays the search of new high-efficiency and safe drugs for the pharmacotherapy of diseases accompanied by pain syndrome is an active area of modern pharmacological research. 170 new derivatives of di- and tetrahydropyridines synthesized on the basis of the Chemex Research Laboratory, Vladimir Dahl Lugansk State University were exposed to the virtual bioscreening using the Swiss Target Prediction software. The paper describes screening studies in vivo of 5 samples of sulfur-containing di- and tetrahydropyridines (laboratory codes d02-138, as-262, f02-079, cv-074, cv-143) in the standard hot plate test in comparison with the reference drug — metamizole sodium. The compounds in the dose of 5 mg/kg were given intragastrically 1 hour and a half before placing the rats on the hot plate, the reference drug in the dose of 7 mg/kg also was given intragastrically 1 hour and a half before placing the rats on the hot plate. The compounds with laboratory codes as-262 (allyl 6-({2-[(4-acetylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}thio)-5-cyano-4-(2-furyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate) and d02-138 (ethyl 4-[({[3-cyano-5-{[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}-4-(2-furyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridinе-2-yl]thio}acetyl)amino]benzoate) possess the most pronounced analgesic activity in the dose of 5 mg/kg, they demonstrated 2.03 and 1.9-fold efficiency in comparison to metamizole sodium respectively. The rest three specimens demonstrated metamizole sodium-like analgesic activity.

Surplus of sulfur produced as a by-product of oil refining and gas treatment as well as in the metallurgical industry makes it necessary to search for new areas of its application. It should be noted that the use of sulfur in the Arctic regions provides some undeniable advantages. Sulfur is not subject to corrosion during transportation and storage, and sulfur-based materials acquire specified design parameters as they cool down and do not require special temperature and humidity conditions. If the process temperatures are within 160°C, the complete environmental safety of the material is ensured, which excludes the potential emissions of toxic sulfur-containing compounds (hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide).

Three novel flexible sulfur-containing MOF materials named Co-URJC-5, Cu-URJC-6 and Zn-URJC-7, based on the 5,5′-thiodiisophthalic acid linker have been synthesized through solvothermal methods and characterized by different physicochemical techniques. Hydrogen adsorption analysis at room temperature reveals that these compounds display a gate-opening type adsorption mechanism at low pressures, attributed to the flexible nature of the H4TBTC ligand. This behavior is even more noticeable for Cu-URJC-6, since the layer arrangement by π-πstacking interactions between the aromatic layers could contribute to the flexibility of the structure. These results can be considered as a representative example to elucidate how MOF structures are built using flexible ligands and more significantly as a promising route for designing materials with selective gas sorption properties., This work has been supported by the Regional Government of Madrid (project ACES2030-CM, S2018/EMT-4319) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish State Research Agency (projects PGC2018-099296-B-I00, PGC2018-102052-B-C21, PGC2018-102047-B-I00) and Helena Montes’ grant (FPI BES-2016-076433)

Изучено распределение электронной плотности 14 циклических соединений и одного нециклического. Проведен анализ зарядов и объемов групп, найдены группы доноры и акцепторы электронной плотности. Рассмотрено изменение электронной плотности серосодержащих групп под влиянием окружения. The electron density distribution of 14 cyclic compounds and one non-cyclic compound was studied. The group charges and group volumes were analyzed, and the electron density donor and acceptor groups were found. Changes in the electronic density of sulfur-containing groups under the influence of the environment are considered.

An analysis was completed in the field to consider the impact of potassium (K) and sulfur (S) on potato for ideal yield, quality, and supplement use effectiveness. Medicines included four degrees of potassium (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg K ha-1) and five degrees of sulfur (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg S ha-1) in Split plot configuration having three replications in Kanipanka investigate station, Sulaimani Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan district under inundated condition. The potassium and sulfur collaboration effectsly affected vegetative development. Leaf territory, No. of stem and secured territory per plant indicated a critical effect of potassium and sulfur application. There was noteworthy negative communication among potassium and sulfur. The all out tuber yield expanded on a normal by 17.5 and 37.63 percent at 200 kg K ha-1 and 300 kg K ha-1, individually, when contrasted with no potassium application. Sulfur application significantly affected all out tuber yield, appropriate yield for showcasing and non-reasonable yield for promoting, non-reasonable yield for advertising to add up to yield, tuber number and tuber weight. The all out tuber yield and appropriate yield for advertising are expanded with expanding sulfur application. Concerning the information of compound substance tuber of potato demonstrated that the blend of potassium and sulfur, it saw that most noteworthy percent of K, P, N, Ca and protein substance were 1.60, 0.44, 1.47, 2.84 and 9.19 % enrolled by 300 kg K ha-1 × 0 kg S ha-1, 0 kg K ha-1 × 100 kg S ha-1, 200 kg K ha-1 ×100 kg S ha-1, 300 kg K ha-1 ×100 kg S ha-1 and 200 kg K ha-1 × 200 kg S ha-1, individually.

Naphtho[2,3b]thiophene is a linear sulfur containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Naphtho[2,3b]thiophene and its derivatives are commonly accessed by a Bradsher cyclization. Synthesis of the Bradsher cyclization substrate typically requires harsh conditions, including several oxidation state changes. Here we report an improved, multigram synthesis of 3-bromonaphtho[2,3b]thiophene, exploiting a copper-catalyzed cross coupling to prepare the Bradsher substrate in 3 steps from commercial materials while minimizing redox reactions. Modification of the naphthothiophene scaffold in the 3-position has not previously been reported. In this work, the 3-bromonaphthothiophene is further functionalized via lithium-halogen exchange, with the key finding being a specific order of addition in lithiation is required to avoid undesired rearrangement reactions. A small yet versatile set of derivatives, including a naphthothiophene-containing chiral amine are prepared.

In order to explore the influence of the release of sulfur-containing gases in the process of sludge pyrolysis, temperature, time and calcium-based conditioner were selected to conduct low-temperature sludge pyrolysis experiment on sludge, and effective measures to control the release of sulfur-containing gases such as CS2, H2S and SO2 were proposed. The experimental results show that when the temperature is below 200℃, the release of H2S gas is less than 50 µg/g. The release amounts of C2S and H2S within 3min were 20.84µg/g and 339.42µg/g, respectively. Combined with the release characteristics of the three gases, it was concluded that the drying temperature of the sludge was controlled below 250℃ and the drying time was controlled within 1 min. The concentration of sulfur-containing gas is 59.81 mg/m3, 94% lower than that of dry pure sludge gas when the addition of calcium base powder is 20% of the original sludge mass fraction. After absorption of calcium base powder, there are almost no organic compounds containing sulfur and sulfur gas. The research results provide a direction for the selection of pyrolysis sludge treatment process, which is beneficial to control the discharge of harmful gases.

A formal CH2 -CH2 homologation conducted with C1 carbenoids on a carbon electrophile for the obtainment of a four-membered cycle is reported. The logic proposes the consecutive delivery of two single nucleophilic CH2 units to an isothiocyanate-as competent electrophilic partner-resulting in the assembling of a rare imino-thietane cluster. The single synthetic operation procedure documents genuine chemocontrol, as indicated by the tolerance to various reactive elements decorating the starting materials. Significantly, the double homologation protocol is accomplished directly on a carbon electrophile, thus not requiring the installation of heteroatom-centered manifolds (e.g. boron).

Environmental remediation concerns about pollution and contamination removal from environmental media, such as soil, air, or surface water. Enormous efforts have been applied in metal removal from surface water. In this study, four novel heteroaromatic sulfur-containing polyamides 6a-d carry both types of aliphatic and aromatic species in their polymer backbones as selective adsorbents for Hg+2 metal ion from aqueous solution have been synthesized in considerable amounts. The polycondensation method at low temperature is used as a simple and low coast polymerization technique. This occurred by the interaction of the thiophene-based monomer 5 with different diacid chlorides of both types. Beforehand the polymerization, the structures of monomer 5 were confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses. Also, the structures of the new polymers were investigated by both spectral and elemental analysis; besides their solubility, GPC data, XRD diffraction patterns, thermal analysis, and FE-SEM micrographs. The synthesized polymers were freely soluble in polar protic solvents due to the presence of heteroaromatic sulfur functional groups. Furthermore, the analytical competition of the new polymers has been tested using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for its selective extraction across different metal ions. Polymer 6c was the most selective toward Hg+2 and considered as a highly selective adsorbent for Hg+2 environmental remediation among all derivatives and its adsorption detection and efficiency were also investigated. Polymer 6c showed the most effective adsorption quantity on its surface at pH = 1. Moreover, the calculated adsorption isotherm showed a typical isotherm to the Langmuir adsorption type. This showed that the adsorption capacity of polymer 6c for Hg+2 was 47.95 mg g−1. These novel polymers are serving as simple and inexpensive heavy metal ions adsorbent materials from drinking water and wastewater.

Introduction. In the development and operation of ore deposits, there is a risk of adverse effects from the occurrence of endogenous mine fires (spontaneous combustion of ore), as a result of which there are emissions of significant amounts of harmful and poisonous gas-dust impurities into the atmosphere. This study was conducted in connection with the current unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in the city of Sibay of the Republic of Bashkortostan, due to the decay of sulfur-containing ore of the underground mine. The purpose of the study is to assess the ecological and hygienic situation associated with air pollution by the decay products of the ore rock of the Sibai underground mine. Material and methods. The assessment of the level of air pollution in residential areas of Sibai was carried out on the basis of the analysis of monitoring data of 4 independent laboratories (more than 40000 samples from atmospheric air). Calculations and assessment of public health risk were carried out in accordance with the Guidelines 2.1.10.1920-04. Statistical processing was carried out using the software “Microsoft Excel”. Results. During the period of an intensive decay of the ore rock of the Sibay underground mine in the atmospheric air of some areas of the city, there were found concentrations of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide exceeding hygienic standards (maximum permissible concentration) by 30 or more times and 80 or more times correspondingly. The values of hazard indices in relation to the respiratory system when combined inhalation substances: hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide were ranging from 0,3 (acceptable risk) to 18,4 (high risk). Sulfur dioxide (the hazard ratio to 14.0) and hydrogen sulfide (the hazard ratio to 6.6) made the greatest contribution to the formation of a health risk. Conclusion. There is a high tendency to spontaneous combustion - the emergence of endogenous fires for copper-pyrite deposits represented by pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite. The decay of the ore rock of the Sibay underground mine resulted in air pollution of residential areas with hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, which contributed to the formation of an increased non-carcinogenic risk to public health.

Acrylamide, a known neurotoxin, reproductive toxin, genotoxin, probable carcinogen, hepatotoxin, and immunotoxin, has sparked intense curiosity due to its prominent presence in thermally processed, carbohydrate-rich foods. Acrylamide formation occurs via the Maillard reaction at temperatures ≥100ºC. Thorough investigations on acrylamide mitigation through the application of sulfur-containing compounds to raw materials, and during food processing have been conducted. Although prominent results in acrylamide reduction have been observed, limitations are considered. These limitations involve the social and economic challenges of a population, such as the Caribbean. This study seeks to answer just how effective the application of sulfur-containing compounds is in reducing acrylamide exposure, especially when this applies to a developing region.

This article provides a brief overview of electrochemical potential-biological activity relationships of natural and synthetic cyclic sulfur-containing molecules against Steinernema feltiae, Botrytis cinerea, and Neuro 2a cell line (from murine neuroblastoma). This article finds natural cyclic sulfur-containing molecules and their synthetic analogues were more reducing than glutathione (GSH) and therefore apparently did not react with GSH. The nematicidal assay indicated that cyclic disulfide compound of 1 (3-vinyl-4H-1,2-dithiin, 1,2-VDT) was more active against Steinernema feltiae with the LD50 value 151.93 ± 1.3 μM, while dithiole thione group compounds showed moderate activity against this nematode. The article also finds compound 7 (3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione or dithiolethione, DT) has a strong activity against all different strains of Botrytis cinerea in the range concentration of 0.1–0.5 mM. This article also finds that compounds 3 (1,2-dithiane, 1,2-DT), 4 (1,5-dithiacyclooctane, 1,5-DTCO), and 7 (3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione or dithiolethione, DT) possess some moderate activity on Neuro 2a cell lines. Antinematode, antifungal, and anticancer activity of cyclic sulfur-containing molecules indicated that they could be promising candidates for “green pesticides” or phytoprotectans and for cancer prevention.

Six antimony(III) heteroleptic derivatives of the type [(R)(R′)C = NO]2Sb[S2CNCH2(CH2)3C︹H2][where R= –C6H5, R′= –CH3 (A); R= –C6H4CH3, R′= –CH3 (B); R= –C6H4Cl, R′= –CH3 (C); R= –C6H4Br, R′= –CH3 (D); R= –C6H4OH, R′= –H (E); R(R′)C = C–CH2–(CH2)3–C︹H2 (F)] have been synthesized by the reactions of antimony trichloride with the sodium salt of substituted oximes and piperidine dithiocarbamate in 1:2:1 stoichiometry. These heteroleptic derivatives have been characterized by physico-chemical and elemental analyses (C, H, N, S and Sb). The tentative structures have been proposed on the basis of IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral and LC-mass spectrometry. The oxime moiety behaves as a unidentate ligand whereas the dithiocarbamate moiety behaves in mono functional anisobidentate manner. Distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around antimony metal has been proposed for these derivatives. Powder XRD study revealed that derivative (A) has nano range particle size, which supports the crystalline nature of the derivative. These newly synthesized heteroleptic antimony(III) derivatives have been examined against the B. Subtilis (gram positive) and E. coli (gram negative) bacteria for antibacterial potential and two derivatives [(C6H5)(CH3)C = NO]2Sb[S2CNCH2(CH2)3CH2︹] (A) and [(C6H4CH3)(CH3)C = NO]2Sb[S2C NCH2(CH2)3CH2︹] (B) were examined for their antioxidant activity. Structural-activity relationship for antibacterial potential amongst the six derivatives (A-F) was also explored.

A simple and selective colorimetric method for detection of cysteine using chitosan stabilized gold nanoparticles has been developed. L-cysteine is a sulfur containing amino acid. Cysteine binds with the gold nanoparticles through a sulfur group and induces aggregation of the nanoparticles, which leads to a visible colour change from pale red to blue. A good linearity was observed from 0.1 to 30 μmol/L (R = 0.9958) cysteine, and the limit of detection was found to be 0.1 μmol/L. The gold nanoparticles showed a high selectivity towards the detection of cysteine even in the presence of 10 000 fold higher concentration of common interferences such as glutathione, methionine, and homocysteine. A plausible mechanism for the selective detection of cysteine in presence of interferences based on a dispersion–aggregation mechanism has been proposed.

The problem of determining the most toxic halogen- and sulfur-containing organic compounds at the trace level in different media by rapid screening based on the high-temperature oxidative conversion of a sample in combination with ion chromatography being solved at the Department of Analytical Chemistry of Moscow State University is considered. This approach ensures the rapid control of the total content of organic compounds containing F, Cl, Br, and S atoms in a molecule, regardless of the availability of data on their presence in the sample.

International audience; With an estimated annual incidence of one million cases, leishmaniasis is one of the top five vector-borne diseases. Currently available medical treatments involve side effects, including toxicity, nonspecific targeting, and resistance development. Thus, new antileishmanial chemical entities are of the utmost importance to fight against this disease. We have shown in previous studies that gold(I) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with nitrogen- or sulfur-containing side arms have interesting biological activities in the field of cancer, malaria and leishmaniasis. The present study evaluates the in vitro antileishmanial effects on L. infantum axenic amastigotes and their cytotoxicity for the human THP1 cell line of a new family of six new imidazolium salts and their corresponding neutral (NHC)AuICl complexes. All new compounds have been characterized by classical analytical methods, and five gold complexes have been analyzed by X-ray structure determinations. We showed that one proligand has moderate activity (IC50 = 8.24 μM) while four of the six gold complexes have IC50 values in the low or sub μM range (0.15–1.3 μM), including three with selectivity index (SI) values between 46 and 108. These results suggest remarkable leishmanicidal activity in vitro for three new neutral (NHC)Au(I)Cl complexes, making them candidates for further in vivo studies, which are under investigation.

Here we report a study on cyclohexanohemicucurbit[8]uril (cycHC[8]) binding of sulfur-, oxygen- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles in both solid state and solution, which is investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and thermogravimetry. Potential guests include environmental pollutants, hazardous compounds, and bioactive substances. We found that cycHC[8] encapsulates five- and six-membered sulfur- and oxygen-containing unsubstituted heterocycles and can be used as a selective sorption material for the extraction of sulfur-heterocycles from water. Both cycHC[6] and cycHC[8] can remove a substituted heterocycle, α-lipoic acid, from an aqueous solution via the formation of an external complex. The results show that cycHC[n] is a promising reusable sorbent material with the potential to be employed in molecular recognition and highly specific solid-phase extraction of sulfur-heterocycles.

In the present work, the adsorption of H2S, SO2, and SO3 on the B36 surface was investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The adsorption energy, geometrical parameters, thermodynamics quantities, electronic properties, state density, charge analysis, and chemical indices were calculated to describe sulfur-containing gases’ adsorption behavior. The most stable adsorption configurations of SO2 and SO3, of which O atoms bond to edge B atoms of the B36 surface, were found. These configurations of most stable adsorptions of SO2 and SO3 on the B36 surface are thermodynamically preferred, but H2S adsorbed on the B36 surface is non–spontaneous adsorption. The most potent adsorption energies of H2S, SO2, and SO3 on the B36 surface are −5.29, −43.85, and −80.57 kcal/mol, respectively. The B36 nanocluster has a high potential to be used as SO2 and SO3 storage and SO2 sensing material.

In this study, effect of different forms of sulfur-containing agrochemicals on growth, yield, and protein content of soybean grains have been evaluated. Three forms were used, such as powdery, solute, and pasty, in which elemental sulfur is contained in a nanostructured state. Plants treated with powdered and solute sulfur-containing agrochemicals had the highest growth and grain yield values, and the effect of applying pasty sulfur-containing agrochemicals did not differ from the control, in which there was low yield on all variants. The use of powdered and solute sulfur-containing agrochemicals increased all protein fractions in soybeans. The results show that the use of powdered and solute sulfur-containing agrochemicals is necessary to boost the yield of soy and increase the supply of proteins in the grains. A key factor in the availability of sulfur for soybean plants is the conversion of sulfur to a nanodisperse state. This study provides relevant information about sulfur-containing agrochemicals, which can promote higher seed yields and increase the content of protein in soybeans.

In recent years, sulfur-containing nanomaterials and their derivatives/composites have attracted much attention because of their important role in the field of biosensor, biolabeling, drug delivery and diagnostic imaging technology, which inspires us to compile this review. To focus on the relationships between advanced biomaterials and biosensors, this review describes the applications of various types of sulfur-containing nanomaterials in biosensors. We bring two types of sulfur-containing nanomaterials including metallic sulfide nanomaterials and sulfur-containing quantum dots, to discuss and summarize the possibility and application as biosensors based on the sulfur-containing nanomaterials. Finally, future perspective and challenges of biosensors based on sulfur-containing nanomaterials are briefly rendered.

There is a problem of using waste of alumina production from bauxite red mud. Warehousing of it is fraught with ecological catastrophes. Red muds constantly worsen the environment due to dusting and pollution of natural waters. Red mud is a product of bauxite processing. One ton of alumina accounts for 1 to 2.5 tons of red mud. Currently, it is not being processed, despite the availability of 3,000 publications and patents on this topic. One of them is justified by the ambiguity in the economic effectiveness of its use by consumers. In this paper, the options for economic and environmental efficiency of RM use are presented as substitutes for expensive lime and limestone used for purification of industrial gases emitted to the atmosphere in large quantities with toxic sulfur compounds. Laboratory and industrial tests revealed the sorption properties of red muds. When cleaning gases from sulfur emitted into the atmosphere by furnace gases, thermal power plants, sinter machines, and steelmaking furnaces. In addition, the ecological and technological efficiency of purification of sulfur-containing gases released in the areas of granulation of molten blast-furnace slags is shown.

The paper discusses selection of a set of metals for an electrochemical test system used for the detection of sulfur-containing organic substances. Analytical studies of organic sulfur compounds are very important since these compounds are widely used in medicine, biology, oil refining industry, etc. Quantitative determination and identification of sulfur-containing substances is essential for solving environmental problems. The electrochemical test system for analysis of organic substances is a solution containing a set of cations of various metals that have the ability to form complex compounds with analytes. Thereby, a single electrode can be used to carry out electrochemical multisensory analysis because metal cations play the role of sensors. Thus, there is no need to use a set of several working (indicator) electrodes, the number of which determines the number of informative parameters. Since sets of metals for test systems may slightly differ from each other, we need to select an optimal set for a specific problem. According to the study results, a set of metals for sulfur-containing organic substances consists of zinc, gallium and copper. The test system composed of these metals gives reliable results of electroanalytical determination of organic compounds of this class. The expediency of using such a test system is confirmed by comparative estimation of the Euclidean distances between the vector representations of the analytes and sulfur-containing organic compounds presented in the previously created database. Software for experimental data processing, visualization, and comparative analysis of the vector representations and the database components is developed.