35 results on '"Vasireddy S"'
Search Results
2. SIMPLE PREDICTORS OF SERIOUS FALL IN ELDERLY WOMEN
- Author
-
KAYAN, K., BAL, S., VASIREDDY, S., McCLOSKEY, E., and KANIS, J.
- Published
- 2002
3. Incidental detection of lumbar Pagetʼs disease by bone densitometry
- Author
-
Vasireddy, S. and Halsey, J. P.
- Published
- 2001
4. Intravenous pamidronate in the management of difficult osteoporosis
- Author
-
Vasireddy, S., Swinson, D. R., Harrison, S., and Selby, P. L.
- Published
- 2001
5. Patientsʼ perceptions of care in the out-patient department: a questionnaire survey of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- Author
-
Vasireddy, S., Makadsi, R., Halsey, J., Dodds, W., and Mitchell, W. S
- Published
- 2001
6. A prospective trial of steroid and local anaesthetic sacroiliac joint injections in spondyloarthritides – preliminary report
- Author
-
Vasireddy, S., Rao, C., Miller, H., and Chattopadhyay, C.
- Published
- 2001
7. Efficacy of sacro-iliac joint injections – a retrospective questionnaire study
- Author
-
Vasireddy, S. and Chattopadhyay, C.
- Published
- 2001
8. THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSEHOLD AND NON-HOUSEHOLD CAREGIVING
- Author
-
Sanidad, I., primary, Vasireddy, S., additional, and Nitz, L.H., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. IMPACT OF INFORMAL CARE, TRAVEL DISTANCE, AND STRESS ON RETIREMENT DECISION MAKING
- Author
-
Vasireddy, S., primary, Sanidad, I., additional, and Nitz, L.H., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. BHPR: Audit/Service Delivery [239-277]: 239. Arma-Based Audit of Rheumatology Service Delivered Predominantly Outside the Traditional Hospital Setting
- Author
-
Travers, B., primary, Henderson, S., additional, Vasireddy, S., additional, SeQueira, E. J., additional, Cornell, P. J., additional, Richards, S., additional, Khan, A., additional, Hasan, S., additional, Withrington, R., additional, Leak, A., additional, Sandhu, J., additional, Joseph, A., additional, Packham, J. C., additional, Lyle, S., additional, Martin, J. C., additional, Goodfellow, R. M., additional, Rhys-Dillon, C., additional, Morgan, J. T., additional, Mogford, S., additional, Rowan-Phillips, J., additional, Moss, D., additional, Wilson, H., additional, McEntegart, A., additional, Rhys Dillon, C., additional, Goodfellow, R., additional, Gould, L., additional, Bukhari, M., additional, Hassan, S., additional, Butt, S., additional, Deighton, C., additional, Gadsby, K., additional, Love, V., additional, Kara, N., additional, Gohery, M., additional, Keat, A., additional, Lewis, A., additional, Robinson, R., additional, Bastawrous, S., additional, Roychowdhury, B., additional, Roskell, S., additional, Douglas, B., additional, Keating, H., additional, Giles, S., additional, McPeake, J., additional, Molloy, C., additional, Chalam, V., additional, Mulherin, D., additional, Price, T., additional, Sheeran, T., additional, Benjamin, S. R., additional, Thompson, P. W., additional, Cornell, P., additional, Siddle, H. J., additional, Backhouse, M. R., additional, Monkhouse, R. A., additional, Harris, N. J., additional, Helliwell, P. S., additional, Azzopardi, L., additional, Hudson, S., additional, Mallia, C., additional, Cassar, K., additional, Coleiro, B., additional, Cassar, P. J., additional, Aquilina, D., additional, Camilleri, F., additional, Serracino Inglott, A., additional, Azzopardi, L. M., additional, Robinson, S., additional, Peta, H., additional, Margot, L., additional, David, W., additional, Mann, C., additional, Gooberman-Hill, R., additional, Jagannath, D., additional, Healey, E., additional, Goddard, C., additional, Pugh, M. T., additional, Gilham, L., additional, Bawa, S., additional, Barlow, J. H., additional, MacFarland, L., additional, Tindall, L., additional, Leddington Wright, S., additional, Tooby, J., additional, Ravindran, J., additional, Perkins, P., additional, McGregor, L., additional, Mabon, E., additional, Bond, U., additional, Swan, J., additional, O'Connor, M. B., additional, Rathi, J., additional, Regan, M. J., additional, Phelan, M. J., additional, Doherty, T., additional, Martin, K., additional, Ruth, C., additional, Panthakalam, S., additional, Bondin, D., additional, Castelino, M., additional, Evin, S., additional, Gooden, A., additional, Peacock, C., additional, Teh, L.-S., additional, Ryan, S.-J., additional, Bryant, E., additional, Carter, A., additional, Cox, S., additional, Moore, A. P., additional, Jackson, A., additional, Kuisma, R., additional, Pattman, J., additional, Juarez, M., additional, Quilter, A., additional, Williamson, L., additional, Collins, D., additional, Price, E., additional, Chao, Y., additional, Mooney, J., additional, Watts, R., additional, Graham, K., additional, Birrell, F., additional, Reed, M., additional, Croyle, S., additional, Stell, J., additional, Storrs, P., additional, McLoughlin, Y.-m., additional, Scott, G., additional, McKenna, F., additional, Papou, A., additional, Rahmeh, F. H., additional, Richards, S. C., additional, Westlake, S. L., additional, Morgan, L., additional, Baqir, W., additional, Walsh, N. E., additional, Ward, L., additional, Caine, R., additional, Williams, M., additional, Breslin, A., additional, Owen, C., additional, Ahmad, Y., additional, Blair, A., additional, Ramachandran Nair, J., additional, Zia, A., additional, Mewar, D., additional, Peffers, G. M., additional, Larder, R., additional, Dockrell, D., additional, Wilson, S., additional, Cummings, J., additional, Bansal, J., additional, and Barlow, J., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Contemporary Review and Molecular Landscape.
- Author
-
Mahmud M, Vasireddy S, Gowin K, and Amaraneni A
- Subjects
- Humans, Chromosome Aberrations, Mutation, Myeloproliferative Disorders diagnosis, Myeloproliferative Disorders genetics, Myeloproliferative Disorders therapy, Primary Myelofibrosis diagnosis, Primary Myelofibrosis genetics, Primary Myelofibrosis therapy, Neoplasms
- Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF), Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and MDS/MPN overlap syndromes have a broad range of clinical presentations and molecular abnormalities, making their diagnosis and classification complex. This paper reviews molecular aberration, epigenetic modifications, chromosomal anomalies, and their interactions with cellular and other immune mechanisms in the manifestations of these disease spectra, clinical features, classification, and treatment modalities. The advent of new-generation sequencing has broadened the understanding of the genetic factors involved. However, while great strides have been made in the pharmacological treatment of these diseases, treatment of advanced disease remains hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early termination of ophthalmology clinical trials: A cross-sectional analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Author
-
Kakkilaya A, Hooda K, Kalva P, Dasara H, Janssen C, Vasireddy S, Ahmed A, Khan S, and Kooner K
- Abstract
Objective: To study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the early termination of ophthalmology clinical trials., Methods: On June 10, 2022, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov and identified clinical trials pertaining to eye diseases. We included trials last updated between January 1, 2020 and June 8, 2022, as ones possibly impacted by the pandemic. We selected all interventional trials in any stage and country that were "recruiting," "active, not recruiting," "enrolling by invitation," "suspended," "terminated," "completed," or "withdrawn" and excluded trials that had been completed or discontinued before 2020, had incomplete data, trials in which the eye was not the primary focus of the trial (e.g., Chediak-Higashi syndrome, myasthenia gravis). The following trial-level characteristics were collected: location, trial status, enrollment count, ocular condition, sponsors, intervention purpose, trial phase (I-IV), randomization, number of arms, and reasons for discontinuation. In addition to calculating descriptive statistics, we assessed whether trial characteristics differed between ophthalmology clinical trials canceled due to COVID-19 and those canceled for other reasons., Results: Following the screening, 2280/12,679 (18%) ophthalmology clinical trials were retained. Of these, 142 (6.2%) were discontinued between January 1, 2020 and June 8, 2022. Moreover, 34 out of 142 (23.9%) ophthalmology clinical trials were discontinued due to COVID-19. These trials were more likely to be sponsored by academic medical centers (26/34, 76.5% vs 57/108, 52.8%, p = 0.03) and were not assigned to a specific study phase, indicating they were not investigational new drugs (22/34, 64.7% vs 46/108 42.6%, p = 0.003)., Conclusions: COVID-19-related trial discontinuations were more likely to be reported by academic medical centers and associated with trials investigating fully approved drugs, medical devices, procedures, diagnostic imaging, and behavioral changes. Further investigation of these characteristics may lead to a more robust and resilient understanding of the causes of early termination of these clinical trials., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The Effect of Antipsychotics on Prolactinoma Growth: A Radiological and Serological Analysis.
- Author
-
Durrani US, Vasireddy S, Arshad MZ, Paracha A, Paracha MA, Waheed F, Abid A, Siddiqui Z, and Thomure M
- Abstract
Many antipsychotic (AP) medications work by reducing dopamine levels. As hyperdopaminergia is known to cause psychosis, antipsychotics work to relieve these symptoms by antagonizing dopamine receptors and lowering dopamine levels. Dopamine is also a known negative modulator of the prolactin pathway, which allows for drug agents like dopamine agonists (DAs) to be incredibly effective in managing tumors that secrete excess prolactin (prolactinomas). While the effects of DAs on prolactinoma size and growth have been studied for decades, the effects of APs on prolactinoma size remain to be seen. We hope to investigate the effects of APs on prolactinomas by conducting a thorough PubMed search, including patients with diagnosed prolactinoma on concurrent AP therapy. Our search led to 27 studies with a total of 32 patients. We identified themes regarding seven antipsychotics: risperidone, haloperidol, amisulpride, thioridazine, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and clozapine. Risperidone, haloperidol, amisulpride, and thioridazine caused a significant increase in prolactin in most cases where they were used, and prolactin decreased after their discontinuation. For example, risperidone discontinuation resulted in a decrease in prolactin levels by an average of 66%, while haloperidol, amisulpride, and thioridazine discontinuation lowered prolactin by an average of 82%, 72%, and 89.7%, respectively. However, there were some exceptions in regard to risperidone, haloperidol, and thioridazine, where prolactin levels were not as severely affected. Aripiprazole, olanzapine, and clozapine all had significant reductions in prolactin levels when patients were switched from another antipsychotic, such as risperidone or haloperidol. The average percent decrease in prolactin when switched to aripiprazole was 67.65%, while it was 54.16% and 68% for olanzapine and clozapine, respectively. The effect of individual antipsychotics on prolactinoma size was difficult to ascertain, as imaging was not obtained (or indicated) after every antipsychotic switch, and many patients were taking dopamine agonists concurrently. Therefore, it would be difficult to ascertain which factor affected size more. Also, some patients received surgery or radiotherapy, which completely negated our ability to make any assertions about the effects of certain pharmacological agents. Although it is difficult to ascertain the role that antipsychotic medications play in the formation of prolactinoma, we have found that the cessation of certain antipsychotic medications may lead to a reduction in prolactin levels and possibly the presence of a measurable prolactinoma., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Durrani et al.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Financial conflicts of interest of physicians followed by oncology journals on Twitter.
- Author
-
Betts C, Kakkilaya A, Vasireddy S, Arora N, Prasad V, and Powell K
- Abstract
Background: Physicians have increasingly adopted Twitter as a discussion and distribution platform for oncology research. While the influence of financial conflicts of interests (FCOI) on medical research is well documented, their role in the dissemination of research on social media platforms is not well known. In this study, we sought to evaluate the FCOIs of physicians followed by the top three oncology journals on Twitter., Materials and Methods: We used the Open Payments Search Tool ( https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov ) to assess FCOIs between 2016 and 2021 of United States (US) physicians followed by three oncology journals (Journal of Clinical Oncology, The Lancet Oncology, and Annals of Oncology) on Twitter., Results: Of 1914 Twitter accounts followed by the top three oncology journals on Twitter, 547 (28.6%) belonged to US physicians. Of these, 463 (84.6%) received general payments between 2016 and 2021. After excluding 30 US physicians currently in residency or fellowship, this percentage increased to 88.2% (n = 456/517). Combined, the median (interquartile range) general payment amount was $8100 ($200-90,000). Additionally, over $42 million in general payments were made between 2016 and 2021., Conclusion: Our findings offer insight on FCOIs between oncology journals and US physicians on Twitter. These findings may serve as the foundation for future research regarding optimal medical journal conduct on social media platforms., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Genomic Analysis of a Hospital-Associated Outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus: Implications on Transmission.
- Author
-
Davidson RM, Nick SE, Kammlade SM, Vasireddy S, Weakly N, Hasan NA, Epperson LE, Strong M, Nick JA, Brown-Elliott BA, Stout JE, Lewis SS, Wallace RJ Jr, and Baker AW
- Subjects
- Genomics, Hospitals, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Cross Infection epidemiology, Cross Infection microbiology, Cross Infection transmission, Disease Outbreaks, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous epidemiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous transmission, Mycobacterium abscessus genetics
- Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has recently been used to investigate acquisition of Mycobacterium abscessus. Investigators have reached conflicting conclusions about the meaning of genetic distances for interpretation of person-to-person transmission. Existing genomic studies were limited by a lack of WGS from environmental M. abscessus isolates. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the core and accessory genomes of 26 M. abscessus subsp. abscessus isolates collected over 7 years. Clinical isolates ( n = 22) were obtained from a large hospital-associated outbreak of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus , the outbreak hospital before or after the outbreak, a neighboring hospital, and two outside laboratories. Environmental M. abscessus subsp. abscessus isolates ( n = 4) were obtained from outbreak hospital water outlets. Phylogenomic analysis of study isolates revealed three clades with pairwise genetic distances ranging from 0 to 135 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Compared to a reference environmental outbreak isolate, all seven clinical outbreak isolates and the remaining three environmental isolates had highly similar core and accessory genomes, differing by up to 7 SNPs and a median of 1.6% accessory genes, respectively. Although genomic comparisons of 15 nonoutbreak clinical isolates revealed greater heterogeneity, five (33%) isolates had fewer than 20 SNPs compared to the reference environmental isolate, including two unrelated outside laboratory isolates with less than 4% accessory genome variation. Detailed genomic comparisons confirmed environmental acquisition of outbreak isolates of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus . SNP distances alone, however, did not clearly differentiate the mechanism of acquisition of outbreak versus nonoutbreak isolates. We conclude that successful investigation of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus clusters requires molecular and epidemiologic components, ideally complemented by environmental sampling.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. COVID-19 Masquerading as Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Flare-The First Report.
- Author
-
Kulkarni AV, Vasireddy S, Sharma M, Reddy ND, and Padaki NR
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Midodrine Improves the Tolerability of Diuretics in Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure-A Pilot Study.
- Author
-
Kulkarni AV, Kumar P, Sharma M, Ravikumar ST, Tevethia H, Vasireddy S, Gupta R, Reddy DN, and Rao PN
- Abstract
Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome of acute portal hypertension with high short-term mortality. ACLF patients have low mean arterial pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance, and high cardiac output. This, in turn, leads to an increased incidence of ascites, acute kidney injury, and hyponatremia. We evaluated the role of the early addition of midodrine, which has not been analyzed to date., Methods: ACLF patients who were started on midodrine (Gr. A) in addition to standard of care (SOC) for ascites control were included and compared with those who received only SOC (Gr. B). The aim was to assess the hemodynamics, ascites control, diuretic-related complications, and mortality at 1 month., Results: Forty-five ACLF patients (Gr. A-21; Gr. B-24) were included in the pilot study. At inclusion, the baseline characteristics were similar among the groups. The dose of midodrine was 22.5 (7.5-22.5) mg/day for 22.29 ± 8.75 days in Gr. A. Midodrine significantly improved the MAP and urinary sodium excretion. Only 33.34% of patients required paracentesis in Gr. A compared with 62.5% in Gr. B (p = 0.05). Gr. A patients tolerated a higher dose of diuretics than Gr. B. Diuretic-related complications developed in 54.2% of patients in Gr. B compared with only 23.8% in Gr. A (p = 0.03). Fourteen percent in Gr. A developed side effects to midodrine and required dose modification. Mortality at day 30 was similar in both groups., Conclusion: Addition of midodrine improves the hemodynamics, tolerability of diuretics, and ascites control in ACLF patients., (© 2020 Indian National Association for Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Genomic characterization of sporadic isolates of the dominant clone of Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense.
- Author
-
Davidson RM, Benoit JB, Kammlade SM, Hasan NA, Epperson LE, Smith T, Vasireddy S, Brown-Elliott BA, Nick JA, Olivier KN, Zelazny AM, Daley CL, Strong M, and Wallace RJ Jr
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antitubercular Agents pharmacology, Child, Clone Cells, Cystic Fibrosis complications, Cystic Fibrosis microbiology, Cystic Fibrosis pathology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Genetic Variation, Humans, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous complications, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous pathology, Mycobacterium abscessus classification, Mycobacterium abscessus drug effects, Mycobacterium abscessus isolation & purification, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, United States epidemiology, Cystic Fibrosis diagnosis, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Genome, Bacterial, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous diagnosis, Mycobacterium abscessus genetics
- Abstract
Recent studies have characterized a dominant clone (Clone 1) of Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense (M. massiliense) associated with high prevalence in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, pulmonary outbreaks in the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK), and a Brazilian epidemic of skin infections. The prevalence of Clone 1 in non-CF patients in the US and the relationship of sporadic US isolates to outbreak clones are not known. We surveyed a reference US Mycobacteria Laboratory and a US biorepository of CF-associated Mycobacteria isolates for Clone 1. We then compared genomic variation and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mutations between sporadic non-CF, CF, and outbreak Clone 1 isolates. Among reference lab samples, 57/147 (39%) of patients with M. massiliense had Clone 1, including pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections, compared to 11/64 (17%) in the CF isolate biorepository. Core and pan genome analyses revealed that outbreak isolates had similar numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and accessory genes as sporadic US Clone 1 isolates. However, pulmonary outbreak isolates were more likely to have AMR mutations compared to sporadic isolates. Clone 1 isolates are present among non-CF and CF patients across the US, but additional studies will be needed to resolve potential routes of transmission and spread., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Same meat, different gravy: ignore the new names of mycobacteria.
- Author
-
Tortoli E, Brown-Elliott BA, Chalmers JD, Cirillo DM, Daley CL, Emler S, Floto RA, Garcia MJ, Hoefsloot W, Koh WJ, Lange C, Loebinger M, Maurer FP, Morimoto K, Niemann S, Richter E, Turenne CY, Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Wagner D, Wallace RJ Jr, Wengenack N, and van Ingen J
- Subjects
- Humans, Meat, Lung Diseases, Mycobacterium abscessus
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: E. Tortoli has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: B.A. Brown-Elliott has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J.D. Chalmers has received research grants from GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Grifols, Bayer AG, Polyphor and Insmed; and received consultancy, congress travel or speaker fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Bayer Healthcare, Aradigm Corporation, Grifols, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Napp and Insmed. Conflict of interest: D.M. Cirillo has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C.L. Daley has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Emler has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R.A. Floto has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.J. Garcia has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: W. Hoefsloot has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: W-J. Koh has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Lange has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Loebinger has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: F.P. Maurer has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. Morimoto has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Niemann has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E. Richter has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C.Y. Turenne has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R. Vasireddy has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Vasireddy has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D. Wagner has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R.J. Wallace Jr has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: N. Wengenack has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. van Ingen has nothing to disclose.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Variation among human, veterinary and environmental Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex isolates observed using core genome phylogenomic analysis, targeted gene comparison, and anti-microbial susceptibility patterns.
- Author
-
Fogelson SB, Camus AC, Lorenz WW, Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Smith T, Brown-Elliott BA, Wallace RJ Jr, Hasan NA, Reischl U, and Sanchez S
- Subjects
- Animals, Biofilms, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium abscessus drug effects, Mycobacterium abscessus isolation & purification, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Species Specificity, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Mycobacterium abscessus classification, Whole Genome Sequencing methods
- Abstract
Mycobacterium chelonae is a member of the Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex and a cause of opportunistic disease in fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals including humans. Isolates in the complex are often difficult to identify and have differing antimicrobial susceptibilities. Thirty-one previously identified rapidly-growing, non-tuberculous Mycobacterium sp. isolates cultured from biofilms, fish, reptiles, mammals, including humans, and three ATCC reference strains were evaluated with nine M. chelonae-abscessus complex whole genome sequences from GenBank by phylogenomic analysis, targeted gene comparisons, and in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to assess strain variation among isolates from different sources. Results revealed minimal genetic variation among the M. chelonae strains. However, the core genomic alignment and SNP pattern of the complete 16S rRNA sequence clearly separated the turtle type strain ATCC 35752T from the clinical isolates and human reference strain "M. chelonae chemovar niacinogenes" ATCC 19237, providing evidence of two distinct subspecies. Concatenation of the partial rpoB (752 bp) and complete hsp65 (1,626 bp) sequence produced the same species/subspecies delineations as the core phylogeny. Partial rpoB and hsp65 sequences identified all the clinical isolates to the appropriate species level when respective cut-offs of 98% and 98.4% identity to the M. chelonae type strain ATCC 35752T were employed. The human strain, ATCC19237, was the most representative strain for the evaluated human, veterinary, and environmental strains. Additionally, two isolates were identified as Mycobacterium saopaulense, its first identification in a non-fish or non-human host., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Mycobacterium talmoniae , a Potential Pulmonary Pathogen Isolated from Multiple Patients with Bronchiectasis in the United States, Including the First Case of Clinical Disease in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis.
- Author
-
Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Brown-Elliott BA, Greninger AL, Davidson RM, Ard KL, Turenne CY, and Wallace RJ Jr
- Subjects
- Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Chaperonin 60 genetics, Child, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases genetics, Female, Humans, Louisiana, Lung Diseases, Fungal microbiology, Male, Massachusetts, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium drug effects, Mycobacterium genetics, Mycobacterium Infections microbiology, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Texas, Bronchiectasis complications, Cystic Fibrosis complications, Lung Diseases, Fungal diagnosis, Mycobacterium classification, Mycobacterium isolation & purification, Mycobacterium Infections diagnosis, Phylogeny
- Abstract
We characterize three respiratory isolates of the recently described species Mycobacterium talmoniae recovered in Texas, Louisiana, and Massachusetts, including the first case of disease in a patient with underlying cystic fibrosis. The three isolates had a 100% match to M. talmoniae NE-TNMC-100812
T by complete 16S rRNA, rpoB region V, and hsp 65 gene sequencing. Core genomic comparisons between one isolate and the type strain revealed an average nucleotide identity of 99.8%. The isolates were susceptible to clarithromycin, amikacin, and rifabutin, while resistance was observed for tetracyclines, ciprofloxacin, and linezolid. M. talmoniae should be added to the list of potential pulmonary pathogens, including in the setting of cystic fibrosis., (Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Pyomyositis: an unusual cause of hip pain in a patient on certolizumab pegol and leflunomide.
- Author
-
Wig S, McCabe PS, Swamy S, Sultan J, and Vasireddy S
- Subjects
- Aged, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Arthralgia diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Leflunomide, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Pain Measurement, Pyomyositis diagnosis, Pyomyositis drug therapy, Arthralgia etiology, Certolizumab Pegol therapeutic use, Hip Joint, Isoxazoles therapeutic use, Pyomyositis complications
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Performance of Vitek MS v3.0 for Identification of Mycobacterium Species from Patient Samples by Use of Automated Liquid Medium Systems.
- Author
-
Miller E, Cantrell C, Beard M, Derylak A, Babady NE, McMillen T, Miranda E, Body B, Tang YW, Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Smith T, Iakhiaeva E, Wallace RJ Jr, Brown-Elliott BA, Moreno E, Totty H, and Deol P
- Subjects
- Bacteriological Techniques instrumentation, Culture Media, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Humans, Mycobacterium chemistry, Sputum microbiology, Bacteriological Techniques methods, Mycobacterium classification, Mycobacterium isolation & purification, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous diagnosis, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Abstract
The accuracy and robustness of the Vitek MS v3.0 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) system was evaluated by identifying mycobacteria from automated liquid-medium systems using patient samples. This is the first report to demonstrate that proteins within the liquid medium, its supplements, and decontamination reagents for nonsterile patient samples do not generate misidentification or false-positive results by use of the Vitek MS v3.0 system. Prior to testing with patient samples, a seeded-culture study was conducted to challenge the accuracy of the Vitek MS system at identifying mycobacteria from liquid medium by mimicking a clinical workflow. Seventy-seven Mycobacterium strains representing 21 species, seeded in simulated sputum, were decontaminated, inoculated into BacT/Alert MP liquid culture medium, incubated until positivity, and identified using the Vitek MS system. A total of 383 liquid cultures were tested, of which 379 (99%) were identified correctly to the species/complex/group level, 4 (1%) gave a "no-identification" result, and no misidentifications were observed. Following the simulated-sputum study, a total of 73 smear-positive liquid-medium cultures detected using BD BBL MGIT and VersaTREK Myco liquid media were identified by the Vitek MS system. Sixty-four cultures (87.7%) were correctly identified to the species/complex/group level; 7 (9.6%) resulted in no identification; and 2 (2.7%) were misidentified at the species level. These results indicate that the Vitek MS v3.0 system is an accurate tool for routine diagnostics of Mycobacterium species isolated from liquid cultures., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Evaluation of the Vitek MS v3.0 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry System for Identification of Mycobacterium and Nocardia Species.
- Author
-
Body BA, Beard MA, Slechta ES, Hanson KE, Barker AP, Babady NE, McMillen T, Tang YW, Brown-Elliott BA, Iakhiaeva E, Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Smith T, Wallace RJ Jr, Turner S, Curtis L, Butler-Wu S, and Rychert J
- Subjects
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Nocardia genetics, Nocardia Infections diagnosis, Nocardia Infections microbiology, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Reproducibility of Results, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis microbiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Nocardia isolation & purification, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria isolation & purification, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization instrumentation, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods
- Abstract
This multicenter study was designed to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the Vitek MS v3.0 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry system for identification of Mycobacterium and Nocardia species compared to DNA sequencing. A total of 963 clinical isolates representing 51 taxa were evaluated. In all, 663 isolates were correctly identified to the species level (69%), with another 231 (24%) correctly identified to the complex or group level. Fifty-five isolates (6%) could not be identified despite repeat testing. All of the tuberculous mycobacteria (45/45; 100%) and most of the nontuberculous mycobacteria (569/606; 94%) were correctly identified at least to the group or complex level. However, not all species or subspecies within the M. tuberculosis , M. abscessus , and M. avium complexes and within the M. fortuitum and M. mucogenicum groups could be differentiated. Among the 312 Nocardia isolates tested, 236 (76%) were correctly identified to the species level, with an additional 44 (14%) correctly identified to the complex level. Species within the N. nova and N. transvalensis complexes could not always be differentiated. Eleven percent of the isolates (103/963) underwent repeat testing in order to get a final result. Identification of a representative set of Mycobacterium and Nocardia species was highly reproducible, with 297 of 300 (99%) replicates correctly identified using multiple kit lots, instruments, analysts, and sites. These findings demonstrate that the system is robust and has utility for the routine identification of mycobacteria and Nocardia in clinical practice., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Correction for Vasireddy et al., Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium heraklionense, and a Newly Proposed Species, "Mycobacterium virginiense" sp. nov., but Not Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, as Species of the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Causing Tenosynovitis and Osteomyelitis.
- Author
-
Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Brown-Elliott BA, Wengenack NL, Eke UA, Benwill JL, Turenne C, and Wallace RJ Jr
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Emergence of mmpT5 Variants during Bedaquiline Treatment of Mycobacterium intracellulare Lung Disease.
- Author
-
Alexander DC, Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Philley JV, Brown-Elliott BA, Perry BJ, Griffith DE, Benwill JL, Cameron AD, and Wallace RJ Jr
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Genome, Bacterial, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium avium Complex isolation & purification, Recurrence, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary microbiology, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Diarylquinolines therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Mutation, Missense, Mycobacterium avium Complex genetics, Transcription Factors genetics, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy
- Abstract
Bedaquiline (BDQ), a diarylquinoline antibiotic that targets ATP synthase, is effective for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections that no longer respond to conventional drugs. While investigating the off-label use of BDQ as salvage therapy, seven of 13 patients with Mycobacterium intracellulare lung disease had an initial microbiological response and then relapsed. Whole-genome comparison of pretreatment and relapse isolates of M. intracellulare uncovered mutations in a previously uncharacterized locus, mmpT5 Preliminary analysis suggested similarities between mmpT5 and the mmpR5 locus, which is associated with low-level BDQ resistance in M. tuberculosis Both genes encode transcriptional regulators and are adjacent to orthologs of the mmpS5-mmpL5 drug efflux operon. However, MmpT5 belongs to the TetR superfamily, whereas MmpR5 is a MarR family protein. Targeted sequencing uncovered nonsynonymous mmpT5 mutations in isolates from all seven relapse cases, including two pretreatment isolates. In contrast, only two relapse patient isolates had nonsynonymous changes in ATP synthase subunit c (atpE), the primary target of BDQ. Susceptibility testing indicated that mmpT5 mutations are associated with modest 2- to 8-fold increases in MICs for BDQ and clofazimine, whereas one atpE mutant exhibited a 50-fold increase in MIC for BDQ. Bedaquiline shows potential for the treatment of M. intracellulare lung disease, but optimization of treatment regimens is required to prevent the emergence of mmpT5 variants and microbiological relapse., (Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. In Vitro Comparison of Ertapenem, Meropenem, and Imipenem against Isolates of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria and Nocardia by Use of Broth Microdilution and Etest.
- Author
-
Brown-Elliott BA, Killingley J, Vasireddy S, Bridge L, and Wallace RJ Jr
- Subjects
- Ertapenem, Humans, Meropenem, Nocardia isolation & purification, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria isolation & purification, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Imipenem pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests methods, Nocardia drug effects, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria drug effects, Thienamycins pharmacology, beta-Lactams pharmacology
- Abstract
We compared the activities of the carbapenems ertapenem, meropenem, and imipenem against 180 isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and 170 isolates of Nocardia using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. A subset of isolates was tested using the Etest. The rate of susceptibility to ertapenem and meropenem was limited and less than that to imipenem for the RGM. Analysis of major and minor discrepancies revealed that >90% of the isolates of Nocardia had higher MICs by the broth microdilution method than by Etest, in contrast to the lower broth microdilution MICs seen for >80% of the RGM. Imipenem remains the most active carbapenem against RGM, including Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus For Nocardia, imipenem was significantly more active only against Nocardia farcinica Although there may be utility in testing the activities of the newer carbapenems against Nocardia, their activities against the RGM should not be routinely tested. Testing by Etest is not recommended by the CLSI., (Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium heraklionense, and a Newly Proposed Species, "Mycobacterium virginiense" sp. nov., but Not Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, as Species of the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Causing Tenosynovitis and Osteomyelitis.
- Author
-
Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Brown-Elliott BA, Wengenack NL, Eke UA, Benwill JL, Turenne C, and Wallace RJ Jr
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Antitubercular Agents pharmacology, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Female, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium drug effects, Mycobacterium genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, United States, Young Adult, Mycobacterium classification, Mycobacterium isolation & purification, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Osteomyelitis microbiology, Tenosynovitis microbiology
- Abstract
Mycobacterium terrae complex has been recognized as a cause of tenosynovitis, with M. terrae and Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum reported as the primary etiologic pathogens. The molecular taxonomy of the M. terrae complex causing tenosynovitis has not been established despite approximately 50 previously reported cases. We evaluated 26 isolates of the M. terrae complex associated with tenosynovitis or osteomyelitis recovered between 1984 and 2014 from 13 states, including 5 isolates reported in 1991 as M. nonchromogenicum by nonmolecular methods. The isolates belonged to three validated species, one new proposed species, and two novel related strains. The majority of isolates (20/26, or 77%) belonged to two recently described species: Mycobacterium arupense (10 isolates, or 38%) and Mycobacterium heraklionense (10 isolates, or 38%). Three isolates (12%) had 100% sequence identity to each other by 16S rRNA and 99.3 to 100% identity by rpoB gene region V sequencing and represent a previously undescribed species within the M. terrae complex. There were no isolates of M. terrae or M. nonchromogenicum, including among the five isolates reported in 1991. The 26 isolates were susceptible to clarithromycin (100%), rifabutin (100%), ethambutol (92%), and sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70%). The current study suggests that M. arupense, M. heraklionense, and a newly proposed species ("M. virginiense" sp. nov.; proposed type strain MO-233 [DSM 100883, CIP 110918]) within the M. terrae complex are the major causes of tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis in the United States, with little change over 20 years. Species identification within this complex requires sequencing methods., (Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Erratum for Brown-Elliott et al., Utility of Sequencing the erm(41) Gene in Isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus with Low and Intermediate Clarithromycin MICs.
- Author
-
Brown-Elliott BA, Vasireddy S, Vasireddy R, Iakhiaeva E, Howard ST, Nash K, Parodi N, Strong A, Gee M, Smith T, and Wallace RJ Jr
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Utility of sequencing the erm(41) gene in isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus with low and intermediate clarithromycin MICs.
- Author
-
Brown-Elliott BA, Vasireddy S, Vasireddy R, Iakhiaeva E, Howard ST, Nash K, Parodi N, Strong A, Gee M, Smith T, and Wallace RJ Jr
- Subjects
- Genotype, Humans, Macrolides pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutant Proteins genetics, Mycobacterium genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, United States, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Clarithromycin pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Methyltransferases genetics, Mycobacterium drug effects, Mycobacterium enzymology
- Abstract
The erm(41) gene confers inducible macrolide resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus, calling into question the usefulness of macrolides for treating M. abscessus subsp. abscessus infections. With an extended incubation (14 days), isolates with MICs of ≥8 μg/ml are considered macrolide resistant by current CLSI guidelines. Our goals were to determine the incidence of macrolide susceptibility in U.S. isolates, the validity of currently accepted MIC breakpoints, and the erm(41) sequences associated with susceptibility. Of 349 isolates (excluding those with 23S rRNA gene mutations), 85 (24%) had clarithromycin MICs of ≤8 μg/ml. Sequencing of the erm(41) genes from these isolates, as well as from isolates with MICs of ≥16 μg/ml, including ATCC 19977T, revealed 10 sequevars. The sequence in ATCC 19977T was designated sequevar (type) 1; most macrolide-resistant isolates were of this type. Seven sequevars contained isolates with MICs of >16 μg/ml. The T28C substitution in erm(41), previously associated with macrolide susceptibility, was identified in 62 isolates (18%) comprising three sequevars, with MICs of ≤2 (80%), 4 (10%), and 8 (10%) μg/ml. No other nucleotide substitution was associated with macrolide susceptibility. We recommend that clarithromycin susceptibility breakpoints for M. abscessus subsp. abscessus be changed from ≤2 to ≤4 μg/ml and that isolates with an MIC of 8 μg/ml have repeat MIC testing or erm sequencing performed. Our studies suggest that macrolides are useful for treating approximately 20% of U.S. isolates of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus. Sequencing of the erm gene of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus will predict inducible macrolide susceptibility., (Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Absence of a functional erm gene in isolates of Mycobacterium immunogenum and the Mycobacterium mucogenicum group, based on in vitro clarithromycin susceptibility.
- Author
-
Brown-Elliott BA, Hanson K, Vasireddy S, Iakhiaeva E, Nash KA, Vasireddy R, Parodi N, Smith T, Gee M, Strong A, Barker A, Cohen S, Muir H, Slechta ES, and Wallace RJ Jr
- Subjects
- Humans, Macrolides pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium Infections microbiology, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria isolation & purification, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Clarithromycin pharmacology, Methyltransferases genetics, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria drug effects, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria genetics
- Abstract
Macrolide resistance has been linked to the presence of a functional erythromycin ribosomal methylase (erm) gene in most species of pathogenic rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM). For these Mycobacterium isolates, extended incubation in clarithromycin is necessary to determine macrolide susceptibility. In contrast, the absence of a detectable erm gene in isolates of M. chelonae, M. senegalense, and M. peregrinum and a nonfunctional erm gene in M. abscessus subsp. massiliense and 15% to 20% of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus isolates renders these species intrinsically macrolide susceptible. Not all RGM species have been screened for the presence of an erm gene, including the Mycobacterium mucogenicum group (M. mucogenicum, M. phocaicum, and M. aubagnense) and Mycobacterium immunogenum. A total of 356 isolates of these two pathogenic RGM taxa from two reference laboratories (A.R.U.P. Reference Laboratories and the Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler) underwent clarithromycin susceptibility testing with readings at 3 to 5 days and 14 days. Only 13 of the 356 isolates had resistant clarithromycin MICs at initial extended MIC readings, and repeat values on all available isolates were ≤2 μg/ml. These studies suggest that these two additional RGM groups do not harbor functional erm genes and, like M. chelonae, do not require extended clarithromycin susceptibility testing. We propose to the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute that isolates belonging to these above-mentioned six rapidly growing mycobacterial groups based on molecular identification with no known functional erm genes undergo only 3 to 5 days of susceptibility testing (to exclude mutational resistance)., (Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense tricuspid valve endocarditis.
- Author
-
Huth RG, Douglass E, Mondy K, Vasireddy S, and Wallace RJ Jr
- Subjects
- Endocarditis, Bacterial diagnosis, Heart Valve Diseases diagnosis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium Infections diagnosis, Treatment Outcome, Tricuspid Valve pathology, Endocarditis, Bacterial microbiology, Endocarditis, Bacterial therapy, Heart Valve Diseases microbiology, Heart Valve Diseases therapy, Mycobacterium isolation & purification, Mycobacterium Infections microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections therapy, Tricuspid Valve microbiology
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. First report of Mycobacterium canariasense catheter-related bacteremia in the Americas.
- Author
-
Paniz-Mondolfi A, Ladutko L, Brown-Elliott BA, Vasireddy R, Vasireddy S, Wallace RJ Jr, Jakubiec W, Brecher S, and Campbell S
- Subjects
- Adult, Bacteremia microbiology, Bacteremia pathology, Catheter-Related Infections microbiology, Catheter-Related Infections pathology, Humans, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse complications, Male, Massachusetts, Molecular Sequence Data, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Mycobacterium chemistry, Mycobacterium classification, Mycobacterium genetics, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous pathology, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Bacteremia diagnosis, Catheter-Related Infections diagnosis, Mycobacterium isolation & purification, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous diagnosis
- Abstract
Mycobacterium canariasense is a recently described late-pigmenting, rapidly growing mycobacterium linked to bacteremia in patients with underlying malignant diseases. We report a case of M. canariasense infection in a patient from Massachusetts with underlying diffuse B cell lymphoma, which was identified both by multilocus sequence typing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). To our knowledge, this is the first description after its original identification in Spain and the first report of this opportunistic pathogen in the Americas., (Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Absence of Mycobacterium intracellulare and presence of Mycobacterium chimaera in household water and biofilm samples of patients in the United States with Mycobacterium avium complex respiratory disease.
- Author
-
Wallace RJ Jr, Iakhiaeva E, Williams MD, Brown-Elliott BA, Vasireddy S, Vasireddy R, Lande L, Peterson DD, Sawicki J, Kwait R, Tichenor WS, Turenne C, and Falkinham JO 3rd
- Subjects
- Biofilms, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Family Characteristics, Humans, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Mycobacterium avium Complex classification, Mycobacterium avium Complex isolation & purification, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary microbiology, Water Microbiology
- Abstract
Recent studies have shown that respiratory isolates from pulmonary disease patients and household water/biofilm isolates of Mycobacterium avium could be matched by DNA fingerprinting. To determine if this is true for Mycobacterium intracellulare, household water sources for 36 patients with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease were evaluated. MAC household water isolates from three published studies that included 37 additional MAC respiratory disease patients were also evaluated. Species identification was done initially using nonsequencing methods with confirmation by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and/or partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. M. intracellulare was identified by nonsequencing methods in 54 respiratory cultures and 41 household water/biofilm samples. By ITS sequencing, 49 (90.7%) respiratory isolates were M. intracellulare and 4 (7.4%) were Mycobacterium chimaera. In contrast, 30 (73%) household water samples were M. chimaera, 8 (20%) were other MAC X species (i.e., isolates positive with a MAC probe but negative with species-specific M. avium and M. intracellulare probes), and 3 (7%) were M. avium; none were M. intracellulare. In comparison, M. avium was recovered from 141 water/biofilm samples. These results indicate that M. intracellulare lung disease in the United States is acquired from environmental sources other than household water. Nonsequencing methods for identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria (including those of the MAC) might fail to distinguish closely related species (such as M. intracellulare and M. chimaera). This is the first report of M. chimaera recovery from household water. The study underscores the importance of taxonomy and distinguishing the many species and subspecies of the MAC.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) with a densitometer predicts future fractures in elderly women unselected for osteoporosis.
- Author
-
McCloskey EV, Vasireddy S, Threlkeld J, Eastaugh J, Parry A, Bonnet N, Beneton M, Kanis JA, and Charlesworth D
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Aged, Bone Density, Clodronic Acid administration & dosage, Cohort Studies, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Osteoporosis complications, Placebos, Risk Factors, Spinal Fractures etiology, Absorptiometry, Photon methods, Clodronic Acid therapeutic use, Osteoporosis drug therapy, Spinal Fractures diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Low radiation dose imaging of the lateral spine acquired with a bone densitometer for vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) has great potential for clinical use. We have undertaken an evaluation of VFA in a prospective population cohort of elderly women to examine the prevalence of vertebral fractures, their ability to predict incident fractures, and their use in targeting therapy. Women (n = 5157) >or=75 yr of age living in the general community in the United Kingdom underwent posteroanterior and lateral imaging of the spine (T(4)-L(4)) with a densitometer (Hologic QDR4500A) at entry to a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of 800 mg oral clodronate (Bonefos) or matching placebo daily over 3 yr. The women were identified from general practice registers and recruited by letter of invitation regardless of skeletal status. The proportion of vertebrae interpretable varied from 98.2% at T(12) to 57.1% at T(4), with >92% interpretable at levels between T(8) and L(3). As judged by BMD at the total hip, 19.6% of the women had osteoporosis, and the prevalence of vertebral fracture was 14.5%. Women with one or more vertebral fractures had a relative risk (RR) for incident osteoporotic fractures of 2.01 (95% CI, 1.64-2.47). The RR for hip fractures was 2.29 (95% CI, 1.63-3.21). After adjustment for age, femoral neck BMD, weight, and treatment, the RR was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.21-1.86) for osteoporotic fractures, with similar results for hip fractures (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.99-2.02). For women with two or more vertebral fractures, the adjusted RRs were 1.97 (95% CI, 1.24-2.72) and 1.86 (95% CI, 1.14-3.03) for osteoporotic and hip fractures, respectively. We conclude that VFA can frequently detect vertebral fractures in a population cohort of elderly women. These fractures, like radiographic fractures, predict future clinical fractures independent of age, weight, and BMD. Having multiple vertebral fractures was associated with greater risk of incident osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.