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Memes, an Internet-based phenomenon consisting of pieces of user-generated content in the form of pictures, GIFs, or videos, are no longer a marginal occurrence in the wider societal discourse. What was once considered only a “funny picture” forwarded by e-mail to colleagues and friends has in the past decade become an ever widening and growing linguistic phenomenon in its own right with such influence on societal narratives that it warranted serious scientific research. Numerous scientific papers have been written in the past 15 years documenting the rise of internet memes as a novel form of communication that arose in the age of the Internet. It is no accident that the rise of memes coincided with the rise in the use of smartphones and the constant rise in the number of people that use the Internet on a daily basis. In this paper we have decided to focus on one specific aspect of the use of memes that rose in prominence since 2020 and culminated in early 2021 with the events surrounding the Wall Street Bets phenomenon that captured the attention of the world; the use of memes for Internet marketing and their impact on trends in financial markets. Due to the extreme financial and monetary measures enacted by most governments to combat the economic impact of lockdowns and the rise in commission-free stock trading platforms such as Robin Hood, the number of financially uneducated retail investors suddenly grew to such heights that they were together able to, with the power of memes, cause tectonic shifts and panic in financial markets. In this paper we outline memes as a linguistic phenomenon, their extensive use in marketing on the Internet, and, most importantly, their impact on the world of finance through the example of the Wall Street Bets phenomenon. While it may seem like a short-lived episode providing retail traders their 15 minutes of fame, we propose that the Wall Street Bets phenomenon proved the viability of the concept of viral meme marketing campaigns in the context of setting trends in financial markets and that it is only the first such case we have seen, even if the subsequent occurrences arise in a less spontaneous manner, perhaps even because of it.

Safety risk identification is the premise and foundation of safety risk management for railway construction. However, due to some characteristics of railway projects, which include large volumes of work, complex construction environments, and long construction cycles, etc., the risk factors of railway projects are often hidden in all stages of engineering construction. It results in the comprehensive identification of safety risks of railway projects being usually difficult, and this problem is more serious when the railway is constructed in complex and dangerous areas. Therefore, to identify the safety risks comprehensively, this paper constructs a safety risk identification method applicable to railway construction in complex and dangerous areas. This method studies the spatial and temporal distribution of risks and their relationship with subprojects by using a work breakdown structure (WBS), a risk breakdown structure (RBS), grid-based management, and forming a safety risk identification matrix, which can help researchers analyze the characteristics of risks. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, the A Railway, which is located in the western of China, was selected as a case study, and risk identification for its civil engineering was carried out. The research results show that in the construction process of the A Railway, the main types of safety risks suffered by various branch projects were different. In addition, some risk factors only appeared at specific times in space, and there is a strong interaction between these risk factors. Based on this method, safety risk identification can intuitively discover the spatial and temporal distribution of risk factors and analyze the interaction between risk factors, which can provide help for the formulation of targeted risk control measures.

Planning our daily lives may not be a custom for individuals to have and see how important it is. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present the most used Project management methodologies, tools and techniques used by project managers, which can be applied in our day by day, such as Project Management Body of Knowledge guide (PMBOK), Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), MS Project, Project Canvas and the methodology agile with the Scrum framework. In the research, it was found that using the concepts; it is possible that people can plan, even if they are not able to acquire software licenses due to their high cost. However, despite that, there are alternatives that can be used.

These days e-medical services frameworks are getting famous for taking care of patients from far-off spots, so a lot of medical services information like the patient’s name, area, contact number, states of being are gathered distantly to treat the patients. A lot of information gathered from the different assets is named big data. The enormous sensitive information about the patient contains delicate data like systolic BP, pulse, temperature, the current state of being, and contact number of patients that should be recognized and sorted appropriately to shield it from abuse. This article presents a weightbased similarity (WBS) strategy to characterize the enormous information of health care data into two classifications like sensitive information and normal information. In the proposed method, the training dataset is utilized to sort information and it comprises of three fundamental advances like information extraction, mapping of information with the assistance of the training dataset, evaluation of the weight of input data with the threshold value to classify the data. The proposed strategy produces better outcomes with various assessment boundaries like precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy value 92% to categorize the big data. Weka tool is utilized for examination among WBS and different existing order procedures.

Στη παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αρχικά παρουσιάζονται βασικές έννοιες που σχετίζονται με τη Διοίκηση Έργου και τη χρήση της στα κατασκευαστικά έργα. Στη συνέχεια, αναλύονται οι γνωστικές περιοχές της Διοίκησης Έργου σε συνδυασμό με τη παρουσίαση των εργαλείων και των τεχνικών που μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν σε κάθε περιοχή ξεχωριστά. Επίσης, παρουσιάζονται τα κατασκευαστικά στάδια, οι φάσεις ενός κατασκευαστικού έργου, επισημαίνονται τα κατασκευαστικά στάδια μιας βιοκλιματικής κατοικίας και τα πλεονεκτήματα που προσφέρουν έναντι των συμβατικών κατοικιών. Ακόμα, αναφέρονται λογισμικά διοίκησης έργων που είναι εξειδικευμένα για τα κατασκευαστικά έργα και ποια είναι τα χαρακτηριστικά που επιθυμούν να έχουν οι χρήστες τους. Επιπροσθέτως, παρουσιάζεται μία μελέτη περίπτωσης κατά την οποία παρουσιάζεται η εφαρμογή των γνωστικών περιοχών της Διοίκησης Έργου (στην κατασκευή μιας βιοκλιματικής κατοικίας στα Ιωάννινα). Συγκεκριμένα, εντοπίστηκαν οι συμμέτοχοι για τη κατασκευή της βιοκλιματικής κατοικίας, έγινε ο προγραμματισμός του έργου δημιουργώντας το ημερολόγιο των εργασιών, ορίστηκαν οι δραστηριότητες και η χρονική τους διάρκεια και δεσμεύτηκαν οι πόροι που απαιτούνταν για τη πραγματοποίηση της κάθε δραστηριότητας. Στη συνέχεια, έγινε ο εντοπισμός των πιθανών κινδύνων και η παρακολούθηση τους. Τέλος, πραγματοποιήθηκε η παρακολούθηση και ο έλεγχος του έργου από την σκοπιά του κόστους και του χρόνου ολοκλήρωσής του και παρουσιάστηκαν τα συμπεράσματα που προέκυψαν από την εκπόνηση της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας., In this dissertation, the basic terms related to Project Management and its use in a construction projects are firstly presented. Then, the knowledge areas of Project Management are analyzed in combination with the presentation of tools and techniques that can be applied in each area separately. Also, the construction stages, i.e., the phases of a construction project are presented. Further, the construction stages of a bioclimatic house are discussed, while the advantages that such houses offer over conventional once are pointed out. Also, some indicative project management software applications that are specialized for construction projects are presented together with the features that their users want to have. In addition, a case study is presented which presents the application of the knowledge areas of Project Management (in the construction of a bioclimatic house in Ioannina). Specifically, the participants for the construction of the bioclimatic house were identified, the project was planned, the activities and their duration were defined and the required resources for the implementation of each activity were committed. The potential risks were then identified and monitored. Finally, the project was monitored and controlled in terms of cost and time of completion and the conclusions that derived from this dissertation.

The Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Systems Engineering (ODASD[SE]) is pushing model-based systems engineering (MBSE) methods to increase efficiencies and technical rigor in Department of Defense (DoD) engineering practices. MBSE methods might also aid in the planning of an acquisition process. An MBSE process is proposed for capturing the acquisition life cycle, the structure that implements the life cycle processes, and the developed information artifacts using a SysML model. The SE processes for an example middle tier of acquisition (MTA) program are modeled and model views of how program information, functions, and developed information artifacts are shown. The MBSE approach with the ability to synchronize information across views and use data queries to extract information into tables or matrixes was found to be beneficial for planning required acquisition life cycle functions, capturing the resources or informational elements the functions need, identifying a national team and required infrastructure, and allocating work breakdown structure (WBS) elements to those team members or infrastructure. The modeling approach allows additional flexibility for programs to extend or modify the processes to meet their specific needs. Additional work is needed to develop methods to simulate and analyze the model for benefits of alternative development approaches. Civilian, Department of the Navy Approved for public release. distribution is unlimited

Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodologies and approaches are becoming topics of increasing interest within several infrastructural engineering applications. As far as Construction Management (CM) is concerned, BIM technologies provide a valid support-decision tool, which includes a repository of CM related data, useful for any further development and use. This work presents current Infrastructural Building Information Modeling (InfraBIM) implementation possibilities regarding the correlation between information digital modeling, schedule, and cost management dimensions. The methodology is applied to case studies simulation of excavation and construction phases in underground structures to generate budgeted cost and time schedules linked to BIM models. The major benefit in applying such an approach results in obtaining a model with different types of information that can be updated during the design and construction phases. Also, the associated workflow management system allows to update the 3D model, time schedule, and cost estimation while maintaining relations and interconnections previously defined between model components and specific information on their activities and cost. Another key result is about the chance to communicate design and construction schedules via Virtual and Augmented Reality (VAR) techniques, which provide a consistent support tool for the visualization of infrastructure projects. QC 20230706

Introduction Efficient therapy of recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is dependent on precise molecular imaging techniques targeting the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS), which is a marker both of thyroid and DTC cells. Various iodine isotopes have been utilized for detecting DTC; however, these come with unfavorable radiation exposure and image quality ([131I]iodine) or limited availability ([124I]iodine). In contrast, [18F]tetrafluoroborate (TFB) is a novel radiolabeled PET substrate of hNIS, results in PET images with high-quality and low radiation doses, and should therefore be suited for imaging of DTC. The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic performance of [18F]TFB-PET to the clinical reference standard [131I]iodine scintigraphy in patients with recurrent DTC. Methods Twenty-five patients with recurrent DTC were included in this retrospective analysis. All patients underwent [18F]TFB-PET combined with either CT or MRI due to newly discovered elevated TG levels, antiTG levels, sonographically suspicious cervical lymph nodes, or combinations of these findings. Correlative [131I]iodine whole-body scintigraphy (dxWBS) including SPECT-CT was present for all patients; correlative [18F]FDG-PET-CT was present for 21 patients. Histological verification of [18F]TFB positive findings was available in 4 patients. Results [18F]TFB-PET detected local recurrence or metastases of DTC in significantly more patients than conventional [131I]iodine dxWBS and SPECT-CT (13/25 = 52% vs. 3/25 = 12%, p = 0.002). The diagnosis of 6 patients with cervical lymph node metastases that showed mildly increased FDG metabolism but negative [131I]iodine scintigraphy was changed: [18F]TFB-PET revealed hNIS expression in the metastases, which were therefore reclassified as only partly de-differentiated (histological confirmation present in two patients). Highest sensitivity for detecting recurrent DTC had the combination of [18F]TFB-PET-CT/MRI with [18F]FDG-PET-CT (64%). Conclusion In the present cohort, [18F]TFB-PET shows higher sensitivity and accuracy than [131I]iodine WBS and SPECT-CT in detecting recurrent DTC. The combination of [18F]TFB-PET with [18F]FDG-PET-CT seems a reasonable strategy to characterize DTC tumor manifestations with respect to their differentiation and thereby also individually plan and monitor treatment. Future prospective studies evaluating the potential of [18F]TFB-PET in recurrent DTC are warranted.

Gotland has a rich material cultural heritage from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages thanks to the island's strategic location in the middle of the Baltic Sea; especially true for the Viking Age when Gotlanders had extensive trade contacts with the east dating from the mid 12th century and Gotland’s economy was dominated by such contacts. This essay deals with Gotland's maritime infrastructure and its development between about 1100 and 1400 based on a case study of boat rivets from the medieval settlement of Västergarn. The study focus is on Västergarn’s emergence as a maritime community on Gotland's west coast, and if Västergarn had the opportunity to decide its own economy, i.e., to control its’ external contacts and internal trade with the rest of Gotland? What role did maritime traffic play in Västergarn economy? Is it possible to draw conclusions about site maritime organization and infrastructure based on the extensive rivet material? What supply chains with the surrounding area may have existed that made such activity possible? What professional skills and knowledge were in place? In the analytical part of the dissertation a classification system for Västergarn's rivet material is established and discussed in comparison with other literature on boat building technology from the rest of Scandinavia, in particular the Baltic Sea area. Results of the study indicate the existence of a boatyard mainly for the repair of clinker-built vessels. Further conclusions about how shipping, especially after clinker-built vessels were replaced by cogs, affected Västergarn's economy and its’ further existence as a port, however, is not established. Gotland har ett rikt materiellt kulturarv från stenåldern till medeltiden tack vare öns strategiska läge i mitten av Östersjön. Särskild är detta tydlig för vikingatiden då gotlänningarna hade handelskontakter österut. Sedan mitten av 1100-talet dominerades den gotländska ekonomin av kontakterna med tyska handelsförbund vilket också får nedslag i de materiella källorna. Denna uppsats behandlar Gotlands maritima infrastruktur och dess utveckling mellan ca. 1100 och 1400 utifrån en fallstudie av båtnitar från den medeltida bosättningen Västergarn. Syftet är att studera framväxten av Västergarn som ett maritimt samhälle vid Gotlands västkust och hur Västergarn utvecklades som en hamn. Hade Västergarn möjlighet att bestämma 2 över sin egen ekonomi, dvs att kontrollera de externa kontakterna och interna handeln mot övriga Gotland? Vilken roll spelade skeppstrafiken och användningen av skepp för Västergarn ́s ekonomi? Går det att dra slutsatser utifrån det omfattande nitmaterial om platsens maritima organisation och infrastruktur? Vilka försörjningskedjor med omlandet kan ha existerat som möjliggjorde en sådan verksamhet? Vilka professionella färdigheter och kunskaper fanns på plats? I avhandlingens analytiska del etableras och diskuteras ett klassifikationssystem för Västergarn ́s nitmaterial och jämförs med annan litteratur om båtbyggningsteknik från övriga Skandinavien, i synnerhet Östersjöområdet. Resultat av studien tyder på existensen av ett båtvarv huvudsakligen för reparation av klinkbyggda skepp. Vidaregående slutsatser om hur sjöfarten särskild efter att klinkbyggda skepp ersattes av koggar påverkade Västergarns ekonomi och vidare existens som hamn går däremot inte att dra.

Дипломний проект присвячений розробці аналітичної підсистеми веб-орієнтованого середовища з вивчення дисципліни "Управління ІТ проектами". Метою дипломного проекту є розробка модуля статистики, який буде використовуватися для перегляду результатів екзамену, який створює адміністратор, тобто, викладач. У модулі статистики має бути перегляд результату добудови діаграми WBS / OBS, PERT та перегляд результатів тесту. Дипломний проект розроблявся за допомогою наступних технічних засобів як PHP, TypeScript, MySQL, GoJS, Angular, Docker, Laravel.

The events industry is a project-based industry where sustainable development has been of ever-increasing interest over the last decade. In this regard, the importance of managing risks and delivering quality outcomes in corporate events and the events industry in general cannot be overstated. This paper aims to contribute to the enhancement of project management processes and quality of corporate events, with a focus on risk management. For this purpose, a set of semi-structured interviews with event managers was conducted and thematic analysis was used to qualitatively analyse the research data gathered. Data analysis resulted in the development of a set of tools and methods that have the potential to assist corporate event managers in the project risk management process. This set comprises of a work breakdown structure (WBS) template, a risk breakdown structure (RBS), and a set of risk treatment and mitigation strategies for corporate events. These tools are innovative in the sense that they are based on and correspond to the phases of the event life-cycle rather than individual management domains, have not been developed in unison before, and can be utilized collectively for greater benefits realization.

o-bib. Das offene Bibliotheksjournal / Herausgeber VDB, Bd. 6 Nr. 4 (2019)

The Cardiovascular Continuum describes a sequence of events from cardiovascular risk factors to end-stage heart disease. It includes conventional pathologies affecting cardiovascular functions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis or thrombosis and was traditionally considered from the metabolic point of view. This Cardiovascular Continuum, originally described by Dzau and Braunwald, was extended by O'Rourke to consider also the crucial role played by degradation of elastic fibers, occurring during aging, in the appearance of vascular stiffness, another deleterious risk factor of the continuum. However, the involvement of the elastin degradation products, named elastin-derived peptides, to the Cardiovascular Continuum progression has not been considered before. Data from our laboratory and others clearly showed that these bioactive peptides are central regulators of this continuum, thereby amplifying appearance and evolution of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes or hypertension, of vascular alterations such as atherothrombosis and calcification, but also nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The Elastin Receptor Complex has been shown to be a crucial actor in these processes. We propose here the participation of these elastin-derived peptides and of the Elastin Receptor Complex in these events, and introduce a revisited Cardiovascular Continuum based on their involvement, for which elastin-based pharmacological strategies could have a strong impact in the future.

Omsättningen från projektverksamhet i Sverige uppgår till ca 1000 miljarder kronor per år. Enligt Svenskt projektindex är den genomsnittliga projektmognaden i Sverige 2,56 på en femgradig skala. Om Sveriges genomsnittliga projektmognad i genomsnitt ökade till 3,5 skulle det motsvara besparingar på mer än 100 miljarder kronor per år. Projektledning bör därför ses som en nyckelkompetens för alla företag och organisationer. Det finns idag stor mängd teoretisk kunskap om projektledning, verktyg och projektmodeller. Lösningen på svårigheterna att leverera projekt som uppfyller sina mål i tid och inom budget är sannolikt inte att skapa ännu mer ny teori utan att ställa sig frågan hur befintlig teori och forskning skall tillämpas i de enskilda fallen för att öka organisationens förmåga att driva framgångsrika projekt. Byggbranschen står inför samma utmaningar som övriga inom området projektledning. Samtidigt brottas byggbranschen med en produktivitetsutveckling som är svagare än för industrin i övrigt mätt i förädlingsvärde per arbetad timme. Problemet för det enskilda företaget är hur de ska förhålla sig till de utmaningar som finns idag med låg produktivitet i projekt och förväntade framtida ökningar i komplexitet och förändringshastighet. Vad kan en organisation, utifrån generella teorier och forskning göra för att öka sin projektmognad? Och även om en organisation vet vad de kan göra behöver de ställa sig frågan; av alla tänkbara saker som kan göras, vad bör organisationen prioritera och i vilken ordning bör organisationen genomföra förbättringar i arbetssätt och metoder för att gradvis öka sin förmåga att genomföra framgångsrika projekt? Utgångspunkten i detta examensarbete är undersökningen av ett enskilt företag och de olika handlingsalternativ som finns för företaget att lösa ovanstående problem, baserat på teoretisk vetenskap och företagets speciella förutsättningar. Slutsatsen är att mätning av projektmognad är en effektiv metod för att identifiera och prioritera förbättringsområden hos ett enskilt företag. Studien visar också att det är viktigt att börja metodiskt med grunderna innan ett företag implementerar en projektmodell med förhoppningen att modellen skall lösa företagers utmaningar. Grunden en projektmodell vilar på är konsekvent och systematisk tillämpning av relevanta arbetssätt och metodiker. Grunden behöver vara på plats innan övriga byggstenar läggs till. Denna rapport handlar om ett specifikt företag men det är rapportförfattarens uppfattning att tillvägagångssättet är generaliserbart och därför kan tillämpas även på andra företag som önskar öka sin projektmognad. Turnover from project related business in Sweden amounts to approximately 1000 billion Swedish kronor per year. According to the Swedish project index, the average project maturity in Sweden is 2.56 measured at a scale of 1-5. Increasing the average project maturity in Sweden to an average of 3.5 corresponds to savings of more than 100 billion kronor per year. Project management should therefore be seen as a key competence for all companies and organizations. There is a great deal of theoretical knowledge today about project management, tools and project models. The solution to the difficulties in delivering projects that meet their goals is probably not to create even more new theory. The question should be how to apply existing theory and research to increase a specific organization's ability to drive successful projects. The construction industry faces the same challenges as others in the field of project management. At the same time, the construction industry is struggling with a productivity trend that is weaker than for the industry measured in value added per hour worked. Based on the challenges described above, the problem for the individual company is how they will adapt to the challenges today with low productivity in projects and future increase in complexity and increased rate of change. What can an organization do, based on theory and research to increase their project maturity? And given that the organization knows what they can do they then need to ask the question; of all possible things that can be done, what should the organization prioritize and in what order should the organization make improvements in methods and ways of working to gradually increase their ability to carry out successful projects? The starting point for this report project is the investigation of a specific company and the various options available for solving the above problems, based on project management theory, science and the specific conditions that characterize the organization. The conclusion is that measuring project maturity is an effective method for identifying and prioritizing improvement areas of a company. The study also shows that it is important to start in a structured way with applying the basics before a company implements a project model, hoping that the model will solve business challenges. The foundation on which the project model stands is the consistent and systematic application of the relevant working methods and methodologies. The foundation needs be in place before laying the other building blocks in place. Although this report analyzes what a specific company can do, the authors´s view is that the approach and the conclusions are generic enough to be applicable for other companies that want to increase their project maturity.

International audience; The development of new oil and gas production facilities starts by the design of a contractual strategy (CS). A CS is a set of coordinated actions, defined as a split of project scope into contracts, with smaller scopes, specific types of remuneration and contractors selection mode. These contracts will later drive the execution of the project. When designing a CS, three main issues are faced: (i) the identification of a relevant set of alternatives; (ii) the estimation and evaluation of such alternatives; (iii) the need to substantiate the chosen one. In this work, we propose a 3-step structured approach for selecting the appropriate CS through the exploration and selection among a detailed, albeit reasonable number of alternatives. The focus in this communication is on identifying and estimating alternatives, using a combination of Domain Mapping Matrices (DMM) and Design Structure Matrices (DSM).

A development project of a new oil and gas facility starts when the exploration and the appraisal studies estimate the exploitation of the hydrocarbon deposit is economically viable. The complexity and the size of the projects encountered in the industry impose to split them into several pieces, which represent the scope of future contracts. Each scope is then awarded to a contractor with a specific type of contract and selection mode, forming the contractual strategy to adopt in the project. During the contractual strategy selection process, oil companies encounters three recurring difficulties related to: 1) the identification of a reasonable and relevant set of alternatives; 2) the evaluation of potential alternatives, which depends on criteria from different scales and natures; and, 3) the need to substantiate the chosen contractual strategy solution. The research problem is to propose a decision aiding methodology for the development and selection of the most appropriate contractual strategy. It has to be the most performing in terms of cost and schedule, but should also consider the risks associated with these performances. In addition, the interfaces between the different contracts should also be considered, because the collective performance of the whole strategy may be degraded compared to the performance of each individual contract. Thereby, our work seeks to implement both technical and practical solutions to answer on the one hand the question of identification and generation of a relevant set of alternatives, at contracts and contractual strategy levels. On the other hand, to build and implement a system of estimation and evaluation of contractual strategies, allowing to come up with the most performing proposal to the upstream development project., Un projet de développement d’une nouvelle installation pétrolière est lancé lorsque des études d’exploration et d’appréciation estiment que l’exploitation du gisement d’hydrocarbures découvert sera suffisamment rentable. La taille des projets rencontrés en industrie pétrolière impose de les découper en plusieurs périmètres. Chaque périmètre est attribué à un contracteur avec un type de contrat particulier, formant ainsi la stratégie contractuelle du projet. Durant le processus de sélection de la stratégie contractuelle, les entreprises pétrolières font face à trois difficultés récurrentes : 1) l’identification et la génération d’un nombre raisonnable et pertinent d’alternatives ; 2) l’évaluation des alternatives réalisables, qui dépendent de critères d’échelles et de natures différentes ; et enfin, 3) le besoin de justifier la solution proposée. La problématique de recherche est donc de concevoir une méthodologie d’aide à l’élaboration et la sélection de la stratégie contractuelle des projets de développement. Elle doit être la plus adaptée non seulement en termes de performances coûts, délais, mais doit également tenir compte des risques associés à ces performances. De plus, les interfaces entre contrats doivent être considérées, car la performance collective de la stratégie peut être dégradée par rapport aux performances individuelles de chaque contrat. Ainsi, le travail de recherche vise à mettre en place des solutions à la fois techniques et pratiques pour d'une part répondre à la question d'identification et de génération d'un ensemble pertinent d'alternatives de contrats et de stratégies contractuelles. D'autre part, construire et mettre en œuvre un système d’estimation et évaluation, permettant d’arriver à une proposition de stratégie contractuelle la plus performante pour le projet de développement.

El presente trabajo genera una metodología aplicando Gerencia de proyectos y siguiendo los lineamientos del PMI, se trata de generar una base de datos de proveedores que es usada para hacer los análisis de presupuestos en las licitaciones, logrando así evitar mayor duración de actividades, errores en los presupuestos y disminución de presentación de ofertas. La metodología define primero un alcance, la creación de la EDT con sus respectivas actividades, los tiempos de asignación para cada actividad, la asignación de costos según los salarios de la empresa y la actividad, obtenido un flujo grama donde se observa en orden las actividades con sus respectivos entregables y responsables. La duración fue de 47 días hábiles para el proyecto, la metodología fue implementada creando la base de datos, el tiempo de estudio del presupuesto se redujo en un 70%. The present work generates a methodology applying Project Management and following the guidelines of the PMI, it is to generate a database of suppliers that is used to make the budget analysis in the tenders, thus avoiding a longer duration of activities, errors in Budgets and declining bid submission. The methodology first defines a scope, the creation of the WBS with their respective activities, the allocation times for each activity, the allocation of costs according to the salaries of the company and the activity, obtained a grass flow where it is observed in order the activities with their respective deliverables and responsible. The duration was 47 working days for the project, the methodology was implemented creating the database, the study time of the budget was reduced by 70%.

U temi završnog rada opisana su neka temeljna načela i inženjerski pristup načinu projektiranja i pripremi za izgradnju s primjenom na projektiranje prometnice Donja Voća. Uradak u ovom radu je po proučenoj literaturi na predstavljanju svih sudionika, njihove uloge pri nastajanju projekta i izvođenju graditeljskog projekta od ideje do kraja. Upotreba strukturne raščlambe projekta (WBS i OBS) te njihovo povezivanje. Također je prikazan programski paket PLATEIA s kojim je izrada projekta brža i ekonomičnija. Stečeno znanje po istraživanju literature prikazano je u teorijskom dijelu, a praktično je prikazano u prilozima.

ProNIC designa “Protocolo para a Normalização da Informação Técnica na Construção” e refere-se a um projeto de investigação cujo principal objetivo é desenvolver um conjunto sistematizado e integrado de conteúdos técnicos credíveis, suportados por uma ferramenta informática moderna, com intuito de constituir um referencial para todo o sector da construção portuguesa. O presente estudo teve como objetivo expandir a aplicabilidade do ProNIC para a área de construção de infraestruturas ferroviárias, sendo este já implementado nas obras de edifícios (obra nova e reabilitação) e parcialmente nas obras rodoviárias. O trabalho desenvolvido consistiu na elaboração de um conjunto sistematizado e integrado de conteúdos técnicos de referência e de utilização generalizada para empreendimentos ferroviários, com o intuito de generalizar a implementação da metodologia ProNIC ao nível da Construção das Infraestruturas Ferroviárias. Com base na análise de diferentes projetos reais foi criada uma estrutura de desagregação de trabalhos (WBS) normalizada para obras ferroviárias e também foram criadas três Fichas de Execução de Trabalhos (FET), duas Fichas de Materiais (FMAT), descrições de trabalhos e respetivos parâmetros, seguindo os requisitos preconizados no ProNIC, para trabalhos específicos, com o intuito de os inserir na aplicação o que permite a sua atualização e generalização a outros tipos de obras para além das já disponíveis. Assim ficou completa a caracterização da construção da infraestrutura ferroviária no ProNIC. Toda a documentação produzida neste estudo foi implementada no ProNIC e recorreu-se a um caso de estudo, mais concretamente a empreitada da Variante de Alcácer, para conceptualização da proposta da WBS e dos conteúdos técnicos criados. Os conteúdos desenvolvidos proporcionam a criação de elementos padrão capazes de serem adaptados a qualquer caso de obra ferroviária, tendo por base Normas Portuguesas e Europeias e enquadramentos legais em vigor. Desta forma, foi criado um referencial nacional, para integração numa aplicação, que está agregado a todo o tipo de obra pública.

Objective. To show that I-131 false-positive results on whole-body scans (WBSs) after thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer may be a result of inflammation unassociated with the cancer. Methods. We performed a retrospective image analysis of our database of thyroid cancer patients who underwent WBS from January 2008 to January 2012 to identify and stratify false positives. Results. A total of 564 patients underwent WBS during the study period; 96 patients were referred for 99 I-131 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) scans to better interpret cryptic findings. Among them, 73 scans were shown to be falsely positive; 40/73 or 54.7% of false-positive findings were a result of inflammation. Of the findings, 17 were in the head, 1 in the neck, 4 in the chest, 3 in the abdomen, and 14 in the pelvis; 1 had a knee abscess. Conclusions. In our series, inflammation caused the majority of false-positive WBSs. I-131 SPECT/CT is powerful in the differentiation of inflammation from thyroid cancer. By excluding metastatic disease, one can properly prognosticate outcome and avoid unnecessary, potentially harmful treatment of patients with thyroid cancer.

Produktutveckling är en generellt riskfylld bransch med stora investeringar och många saker som kan gå fel under projektens gång. Genom att tidigt i projekt identifiera risker och problemområden är det också lättare att undvika att problem uppstår. Under detta examensarbete studerades tre svenska företags riskhanteringsprocess genom intervjuer av projektledare på företagen. Detta examensarbete redogör också för aktuell forskning inom riskhantering men fokuserar även på organisatoriskt lärande och vikten av kundkrav, kopplat till risker i produktutvecklingsprojekt. Målet med arbetet var att föreslå olika förbättrings- och implementeringsmöjligheter för företag i deras riskhanteringsarbete med avseende på deras befintliga produktutvecklingsprocess. Det som framkommit under denna studie tyder på att en stor förståelse av kundkrav, kombinerat med en tydlig projektstruktur och arbete med organisatoriskt lärande, kan användas för att identifiera och minimera risker i produktutvecklingsprojekt. När kundkrav är uttryckt i mätbara variabler kan dessa kommuniceras så att alla inblandade har samma förväntningar på projektet vilket då leder till en minskad osäkerhet och färre risker. Studien tyder på att det finns många krav som är svåra att definiera, men när organisationen arbetar aktivt för att bevara och sprida definitioner av kundkrav som de stött på i tidigare projekt kan missuppfattningar minska och tidsbesparingar göras. Genom att ha en tydlig struktur och projektprocess är det också möjligt att implementera lärdomar i organisationen, där företag kan använda befintliga system och avstämningsmöten för att bevara och sprida kunskap. Product development is a generally risky business with great investments and numerous things that can go wrong during the projects. By defining risks and problem areas early in the projects, the occurrence of problems can be avoided. During this bachelor thesis the risk handling process of three Swedish companies were studied by interviewing project managers working there. This report also accounts for current research within risk management, as well as organizational learning and the importance of customer demands, in relation to risks in product development projects. The aim for this bachelor thesis was to give suggestions on how companies can improve their risk handling in regards to their existing product development process. This study indicates that a great understanding of customer demands, combined with a clear project structure and organizational learning, can be used to identify and minimize risks in product development projects. When the customer demands are expressed using metric variables they can also be communicated to the team so that everyone involved have the same expectations on the project, which leads to reduced uncertainties and fewer risks. The study indicates that many demands are difficult to define, but when the organization actively works to preserve and distribute definitions of customer demands that they have previously encountered, it leads to fewer misconceptions and helps reduce project delays. By using a clear structure and project process it is also possible to implement lessons learned into the organization, using existing systems and scheduled meetings as a way to preserve and distribute knowledge.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Industrial Engineering and Management, The present master dissertation project was developed on a competence center (MFT3 section) at Bosch Car Multimedia in Braga. It has as main objective the improvement of project management practices in order to enhance the performance of this particular section in the organization, translated into a set of four sub-objectives: 1) redefinition of an integrated project management process; 2) definition of a template for project planning supported with Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) tool; 3) customization of a software tool to support the project management process; and 4) development of a performance measurement system. Firstly, a literature review was performed in order to understand which project management improvements could be proposed to MFT3 section at Bosch Car Multimedia in Braga. Important subjects were studied, such as organizational project management, including project, program and portfolio management; project planning and WBS; tools to support project and portfolio management; and project management success through performance measurement systems. Secondly, having a better theoretical knowledge about project management approaches, some improvements were proposed to accomplish the project’s dissertation objectives. The software customized to support the project management process was the software Track&Release which integrates the WBS template and improves time tracking, the visualization of every activity with its respective status, planning, prioritization of work and communication as well as decreases unproductive time and misunderstandings through organization of all team work. The Track&Release also allows data extraction in order to have relevant information to create interesting performance measurement indicators graphics. These graphics were created through an EXCEL file developed to transform the data from Track&Release to well-established key performance indicators graphics. Besides some difficulties on this research, namely the totally new environment for the researcher and the lack of time of Bosch collaborators, the established objectives were fulfilled and there was a significant contribution to the improvement of project management practice to MFT3 section at Bosch Car Multimedia in Braga, which makes this master dissertation project a successful one., A presente dissertação de mestrado foi desenvolvida no Centro de Competências de montagem de PCBs (secção MFT3) da Bosch Car Multimedia em Braga. A fim de melhorar o desempenho e organização desta secção, foi proposto como principal objetivo a melhoria das práticas de gestão de projetos, subdividindo este em quatro objetivos mais específicos: 1) redefinição do processo de gestão de projetos integrado; 2) definição de um template de planeamento de projetos apoiado pela ferramenta Work Breakdown Structure (WBS); 3) customização de um software para suporte da gestão de projetos; e 4) desenvolvimento de um sistema de medição de desempenho. Inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão da literatura de modo a apurar quais as melhorias que poderiam ser propostas à secção MFT3 da Bosch Car Multimedia em Braga. Vários assuntos foram estudados, tais como, organização da gestão de projetos, incluindo gestão de projeto, programa e portefólio; planeamento de projetos e WBS; ferramentas de apoio à gestão de projetos e portefólio; e sucesso aplicado à gestão de projetos por meio de sistemas de medição de desempenho. Após um conhecimento teórico mais sólido, foram propostas algumas melhorias para alcançar os objetivos do projeto de dissertação. Deste modo, o software personalizado para suportar o processo de gestão de projetos foi o Track&Release que integra o WBS template e acrescenta melhorias a nível do controlo de tempo, visualização de todas as atividades com seu respetivo status, planeamento, priorização de trabalho e comunicação, assim como diminui o tempo improdutivo e equívocos através da organização de todo o trabalho da equipa. O Track&Release também permite a extração de dados a fim de ter informações relevantes para criar gráficos de medição de indicadores de desempenho. Estes gráficos são criados através de um ficheiro de EXCEL desenvolvido para transformar os dados do Track&Release nos gráficos predefinidos. Apesar das dificuldades encontradas, nomeadamente a pouca experiência do investigador e a falta de tempo dos colaboradores da Bosch, os objetivos estabelecidos foram cumpridos e houve uma contribuição significativa para a melhoria da prática de gestão de projetos para a seção MFT3 na Bosch Car Multimedia em Braga.