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Abstract Background The study aims to comprehensively combine colorectal cancer data cohorts in order to analyze the effects of various DNA methylation-coding genes on colorectal cancer patients. The annual incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer are very high, and there are no effective treatments for advanced colorectal cancer. DNA methylation is a method widely used to regulate epigenetics in the molecular mechanism study of tumors. Method Three single-cell cohorts GSE166555, GSE146771, and EMTAB8107, and five transcriptome cohorts GSE17536, GSE39582, GSE72970, and TCGA-CRC (TCGA-COAD and TCGA-READ) were applied in this study. 2 erasers (ALKBH5 and FTO), There are 7 writers (METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, VIRMA, RBM15, RBM15B, and ZC3H13) and 11 readers (YTHDC1, IGF2BP1, IGF2BP2, IGF2BP3, YTHDF1, YTHDF3, YTHDC2, and HNRNPA2B1, YTHDF2, HNRNPC and RBMX), a total of 20 M6A regulators, were used as the basis of the dataset in this study and were applied to the construction of molecular typing and prognostic models. Drugs that are differentially sensitive in methylation-regulated gene-related prognostic models were identified using the ConsensusClusterPlus package, which was also used to identify distinct methylation regulatory expression patterns in colorectal cancer and to model the relationship between tissue gene expression profiles and drug IC50 values. Finally, TISCH2 assessed which immune cells were significantly expressed with M6A scores. The immunosuppression of M6A methylation is spatially explained. Results This study used data from 583 CRC patients in the TCGA-CRC cohort. Firstly, the mutation frequency and CNV variation frequency of 20 m6A modification-related factors were analyzed, and the corresponding histogram and heat map were drawn. The study next analyzed the expression variations between mutant and wild forms of the VIRMA gene and explored differences in the expression of these variables in tumor and normal tissues. In addition, the samples were divided into different subgroups by molecular clustering method based on m6A modification, and each subgroup’s expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Finally, we compared prognostic differences, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics, immune cell infiltration, and gene function enrichment among different subpopulations. We also developed a colorectal cancer m6A-associated gene signature and validated its prognostic effects across multiple cohorts. Finally, using single-cell RNA sequencing data, we confirmed that tumor cells show elevated expression of m6A-related gene signatures. Discussion This study explored the mutation frequency, expression differences, interactions, molecular clustering, prognostic effect, and association with tumor characteristics of m6A modification-related factors in CRC and validated them at the single-cell level. These results clarify the association between m6A alteration and colorectal cancer (CRC) and offer important insights into the molecular recognition and management of cancer.

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported that positive buttress is as effective as anatomical reduction in treating young femoral neck fractures, but whether this effect is related to the Pauwels classification remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical prognosis of positive buttress in young femoral neck fractures with different Pauwels classifications, as well as to assess its biomechanical properties. Methods A total of 170 young patients with femoral neck fractures who were treated with three cannulated screws were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups based on their preoperative Pauwels classification. Each group was divided into three subgroups based on the reduction quality: positive buttress, negative buttress and anatomical reduction. The femoral neck shortening, the incidence of necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) and the Harris hip scores at the last follow-up were compared across the three reduction quality within each Pauwels classification. Subsequently, a volunteer was recruited, CT data of the hip was obtained, and finite element models representing different reduction quality under varying Pauwels classifications were established. The biomechanical properties of each model were then evaluated following the application of strains. Results In Pauwels type I, there were no significant differences in postoperative femoral neck shortening, incidence of AVN, or Harris score among the three types of reduction quality (P > 0.05). However, positive buttress provided superior biomechanical stability compared to negative buttress and anatomical reduction. In Pauwels type II, the incidence of AVN was similar between the positive buttress and the anatomical reduction groups, and both were significantly lower than that in the negative buttress (P 0.05). Finite element analysis showed that the biomechanical stability of positive buttress was equivalent to anatomical reduction, and both were better than negative buttress. In Pauwels type III, the incidence of AVN in the anatomical reduction group was lower than that in both the positive buttress and negative buttress (P 0.05). There was also no difference in postoperative Harris scores between the three reduction qualities (P > 0.05). Both positive buttress and negative buttress exhibited identical biomechanical qualities and were inferior to anatomical reduction. Conclusions The biomechanical and clinical dominance of positive buttress correlates with Pauwels type. Specifically, Positive buttress is biomechanically stable in Pauwels types I and II. In Pauwels type III, positive buttress is not advantageous. As the Pauwels angle increases, the biomechanical benefit of the positive buttress is lost. Therefore, regardless of the Pauwels classification, negative buttress should be avoided after reduction of femoral neck fractures in young patients.

Abstract Determining the evolutionary history of mantle oxygen fugacity (fo2) is crucial, as it controls the fo2 of mantle-derived melts and regulates atmospheric composition through volcanic outgassing. However, the evolution of mantle fo2 remains controversial. Here, we present a comprehensive dataset of plume-derived komatiites, picrites, and ambient mantle-derived (meta)basalts, spanning from ~3.8 Ga to the present, to investigate mantle thermal and redox states evolution. Our results indicate that fo2 of both mantle plume-derived and ambient mantle-derived melts was lower during the Archean compared to the post-Archean period. This increase in the fo2 of mantle-derived melts over time correlates with decreases in mantle potential temperature and melting depth. By normalizing fo2 to a constant reference pressure (potential oxygen fugacity), we show that the fo2 of both the mantle plume and ambient upper mantle has remained constant since the Hadean. These findings suggest that secular mantle cooling reduced melting depth, increasing the fo2 of mantle-derived melts and contributing to atmospheric oxygenation.

The floating toe deformity is classified as a forefoot deformity wherein the distal portion of the toe does not establish touch with the ground, resulting in a suspended or elevated position while the finger is in a relaxed state. At first, it garnered considerable interest as a complication It is worth noting that this condition is particularly common in children under the age of 8, which usually disappears as the individual reaches maturity. Studies have shown that with the aggravation of floating toe deformity, its adverse effects on patients' gait and overall quality of life also increase. Despite the prevalence of floating toe deformity in clinical settings, there is a lack of comprehensive literature investigating its underlying causes and potential preventive strategies. This scope review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) statement guidelines for scope reviews. The literature was obtained from various full‐text databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, PubMed, and Web of Science Database. Our search focused on published literature related to floating toes, Weil osteotomy, and distal metatarsal osteotomy, up until March 1, 2023. The literature search and data analysis are conducted by two independent reviewers. If there are any disagreements, a third researcher will participate in the discussion and negotiate a decision. Furthermore, two experienced foot and ankle surgeons conducted a thorough literature analysis for this review. Sixty‐two articles were included. Through the clinical analysis of the structural changes of the forefoot before and after operation, the classification of floating toe was described, the causes of pathological floating toe were summarized, and the possible intervention measures for the disease were put forward under the advice of foot and ankle surgery experts. We comprehensively summarize the current knowledge system about the etiology of floating toe and put forward the corresponding intervention strategy. We recommend that future studies will focus on the improvement of surgical procedures, such as the combination of Weil osteotomy, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) arthrodesis and flexor tendon arthrodesis.

ObjectivesLow-dose aspirin is widely used as a preventive medication for cardiovascular diseases. However, there is controversy regarding the impact of low-dose aspirin on articular cartilage. The aim of this study is to explore the association between low-dose aspirin intake and osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study based on the United States population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018. The investigation of low-dose aspirin intake and the diagnosis of OA was based on self-reporting in questionnaires. Multivariate regression models was used to assess the relationship between low-dose aspirin intake and OA. In addition, subgroup and interaction analysis were performed to assess the robustness of the results.ResultsA total of 12,215 participants were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low-dose aspirin use had significantly increased the odds of OA (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01–1.28; p = 0.035). A significant and consistent association of low-dose aspirin intake with OA was still observed in each subgroup stratified by gender, age, and the presence of comorbidities including diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and stroke. The results illustrated that the relationship between low-dose aspirin intake and OA was stable in all subgroups and had no interaction.ConclusionOur study confirmed that low-dose aspirin intake may increase the risk of OA. Attention should be paid to the possibility of joint degenerative changes in patients who take low-dose aspirin chronically. However, further studies are needed to explore the possible mechanisms behind this association.

ABSTRACTIndustrial land status, encompassing quantity, distribution and efficiency, is pivotal in urban planning and sustainable development. However, obtaining detailed and up-to-date industrial land maps poses a significant challenge in many developing countries due to rapid urban expansion. Furthermore, the identification and efficiency assessment of industrial land at the parcel scale are rarely undertaken. To address these challenges, our study proposes an innovative approach to map industrial land, categorize its types and assess its efficiency at the parcel scale. We select Shenzhen, one of China’s largest industrial cities, as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Our results unveil several key findings: (1) Shenzhen’s urban area was meticulously segmented into 15,591 multi-size socio-economic parcels, of which 5,738 were identified as industrial parcels (IPs); (2) IPs were further categorized into three distinct types: office industrial parcels at 69.47%, manufacturing industrial parcels at (6.08%) and comprehensive industrial parcels at 24.45%; (3) Their efficiency was classified into four levels: low (20.30%), middle (35.73%), fine (35.97%) and high (8.00%). Efficient IPs were predominately concentrated in the southwest, whereas other IPs clustered in the northwest. Our findings can provide valuable insights into industrial land identification, classification and efficiency evaluation at parcel scale.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative halophilic bacterium widespread in temperate and tropical coastal waters; it is considered to be the most frequent cause of Vibrio-associated gastroenteritis in many countries. BolA-like proteins, which reportedly affect various growth and metabolic processes including flagellar synthesis in bacteria, are widely conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. However, the effects exerted by BolA-like proteins on V. parahaemolyticus remain unclear, and thus require further investigation. In this study, our purpose was to investigate the role played by BolA-like protein (IbaG) in the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus. We used homologous recombination to obtain the deletion strain ΔibaG and investigated the biological role of BolA family protein IbaG in V. parahaemolyticus. Our results showed that IbaG is a bacterial transcription factor that negatively modulates swimming capacity. Furthermore, overexpressing IbaG enhanced the capabilities of V. parahaemolyticus for swarming and biofilm formation. In addition, inactivation of ibaG in V. parahaemolyticus SH112 impaired its capacity for colonizing the heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys, and reduced visceral tissue damage, thereby leading to diminished virulence, compared with the wild-type strain. Finally, RNA-sequencing revealed 53 upregulated and 71 downregulated genes in the deletion strain ΔibaG. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the two-component system, quorum sensing, bacterial secretion system, and numerous amino acid metabolism pathways had been altered due to the inactivation of ibaG. The results of this study indicated that IbaG exerts a considerable effect on gene regulation, motility, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study on the role played by IbaG in V. parahaemolyticus infections. Thus, our findings may lead to a better understanding of the metabolic processes involved in bacterial infections and provide a basis for the prevention and control of such infections.

IntroductionHallux valgus, a common foot deformity, often necessitates surgical intervention. This study evaluates the biomechanical alterations in patients post-surgery, focusing on the efficacy of an “8” bandage fixation system to promote optimal recovery.MethodsA three-dimensional (3D) model was constructed using CT data from a patient with hallux valgus. A quasi-static finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted in conjunction with gait analysis to evaluate the biomechanical changes at the osteotomy site under “8” shaped bandage fixation following hallux valgus surgery. The effects of the “8” shaped bandage on the stability of the osteotomy site and bone healing were investigated at three load points during the gait cycle.ResultsDuring the Loading Response (LR), Midstance (MSt), and Terminal stance TSt phases, the osteotomy end experienced maximum Von Mises stresses of 0.118, 1.349, and 1.485 MPa, respectively. Correspondingly, the maximum principal stresses, all of which were compressive along the Z-axis, were 0.11662 N, 1.39266 N, and 1.46762 N, respectively. Additionally, these phases showed a maximum relative total displacement of 0.848 mm and a maximum relative shear displacement of 0.872 mm.ConclusionDuring the stance phase, the osteotomy end of the first metatarsal is predominantly subjected to compressive stress, with the relative displacement within the safe range to promote healing. The application of an “8” bandage for external fixation after surgery can maintain the dynamic stability of osteotomy sites post-minimally invasive hallux valgus correction during the gait cycle, thereby promoting the healing of the osteotomy ends.

IntroductionCoronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), canine coronavirus (CCoV), and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), have the potential for interspecies transmission. These viruses can be present in complex environments where humans, dogs, and cats coexist, posing a significant threat to both human and animal safety.Methods and resultsIn this study, we developed a novel multiplex TaqMan-probe-based real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, CCoV, and FIPV. Specific primers and TaqMan fluorescent probes were designed based on the N region of SARS-CoV-2 and FIPV, as well as the S region of CCoV, which demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity and specificity toward the targeted viruses, as few as 21.83, 17.25 and 9.25 copies/μL for SARS-CoV-2, CCoV and FIPV, respectively. The standard curve constructed by the optimized method in our present study showed a high amplification efficiency within or near the optimal range of 91% to 116% and R(2) values were at least 0.95 for the abovementioned coronaviruses. A total of 91 samples, including six plasmid mixed mock samples, four virus fluid mixing simulated samples, and 81 clinical samples, were analyzed using this method. Results demonstrated strong agreement with conventional approaches.DiscussionBy enabling the simultaneous detection of three viruses, this method enhances testing efficiency while decreasing costs. Importantly, it provides a valuable tool for the prevalence and geographical distribution of suspected and co-infected animals, ultimately contributing to the advancement of both animal and public health.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by a hyperinflammatory syndrome and impairment of multiple organ systems. Talaromycosis marneffei (TSM) is an opportunistic infection mostly found in immunosuppressed populations, such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and is prevalent in southern China. However, HLH secondary to TSM is extremely rare and has only been reported in isolated cases. A 30-year-old patient with recurrent high fever and progressive cytopenia was diagnosed with HLH secondary to disseminated TSM with AIDS and Alpha-thalassemia. The patient remained in sustained remission without recurrence after effective treatment with antifungals and glucocorticoids.

The deterioration of concrete materials in the sewage environment is prominent, significantly shortening the structure's service life. Based on the composite modification method, modified basalt fiber high-durability concrete is proposed to solve the problem of insufficient material durability in the sewage environment. The acid environment erosion test was carried out for the modified concrete materials. The macroscopic performance indexes were obtained, such as apparent corrosion characteristics, water absorption rate and compressive strength. The corrosion mechanism and deterioration law of concrete materials under an acid environment were revealed by combining the analysis of the fine structure and corrosion product composition. The results show that the hydration reaction of the modified concrete was adequate. The generation of C–S–H gel and Ca(OH)2 increased significantly. The porosity was reduced by 40%, and the initial strength was increased by 12%. After 240d corrosion, the strength of ordinary concrete was degraded by 41%. The degradation rate of modified concrete was 26%, its residual strength was 1.4 times that of ordinary concrete, and its corrosion-resistant ability was greatly improved. Based on the experiment, the corrosion resistance mechanism analysis was carried out, and it was found that the inorganic aluminium salt compound salt crystal expansion modification effect is better than the sodium methyl silicate reticulated resin film modification. However, after double doping, the corrosion resistance is reduced instead, and it is recommended that inorganic aluminium salts be preferred as anti-corrosion and anti-seepage adding materials. The research results of this paper can better enhance the acid environment erosion resistance of concrete, engineering application prospect is good.

The Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain has shown two subparallel geographical and geochemical volcanic trends, Loa and Kea, since ∼5 Ma, for which numerous models have been proposed that usually involve a single mantle plume sampling different compositional sources of the deep or shallow mantle. However, both the dramatically increased eruption rate of the Hawaiian hotspot since ∼5 Ma and the nearly simultaneous southward bending of the Hawaiian chain remain unexplained. Here, we propose a plume-plume interaction model where the compositionally depleted Kea trend represents the original Hawaiian plume tail and the relatively enriched Loa trend represents an emerging plume head southeast of the Hawaiian plume tail. Geodynamic modeling further suggests that the interaction between the existing Hawaiian plume tail and the emerging Loa plume head is responsible for the southward bending of the Hawaiian chain. We show that the arrival of the new plume head also dramatically increases the eruption rate along the hotspot track. We suggest that this double-plume scenario may also represent an important mechanism for the formation of other hotspot tracks in the Pacific plate, likely reflecting a dynamic reorganization of the lowermost mantle. Public summary: • Hawaiian hotspot track displays two subparallel isotopic trends since 5 Ma. • This is coeval with increased eruption rate and southward bending of the track. • These data support a new plume head emerging next to the old Hawaiian plume. • Our double-plume model may represent a new mechanism for hotspot evolution.

IntroductionPrevious observational studies have reported that thyroid dysfunction is associated with hallux valgus (HV). However, the causal effect of thyroid dysfunction on hallux valgus is still unknown. To assess whether there is a causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.MethodsThe data of the two-sample Mendelian randomization study were obtained from public databases. In this study, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) were chosen as exposures. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the IEU database, including 337,159 subjects. Data for FT4 and TSH (72,167 subjects) were extracted from the ThyroidOmics Consortium. HV was used as the outcome. The SNPs associated with HV were selected from a GWAS of 202,617 individuals in the fignngen database. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis. Four complementary methods were applied, including MR-presso, MR-Egger, and weighted median. In addition, Cochran’s Q test, MR-presso, MR-Egger regression, and the leave-one-out test were used as sensitivity analysis, and the MR-pleiotropy test was performed to examine pleiotropy.ResultsAccording to the results of IVW, we found that there was a causal relationship between hypothyroidism and HV, and hypothyroidism increased the incidence of HV (OR = 2.838 (95% CI: 1.116–7.213); p = 0.028). There were no significant causal effects of hyperthyroidism, FT4, and TSH on HV (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were robust and reliable, and no horizontal pleiotropy was detected.ConclusionsOur findings provided genetic support that hypothyroidism might increase the risk of HV. It will predict the occurrence of HV in patients with hypothyroidism and provide suggestions for early prevention and intervention.

Abstract Atherosclerosis (AS) is a leading cause of vascular diseases that severely threats the human health due to the lack of efficient therapeutic methods. During the development and progress of AS, macrophages play critical roles, which are polarized into pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to excrete abundant cytokines and overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and take up excess amount of lipid to form foam cells. In this work, we developed a MnO2-based nanomedicine to re-educate macrophages for targeting AS therapy. The MnO2 was one-pot synthesized under mild condition, showing intrinsic catalase-mimic activity for self-oxygenation by using endogenous H2O2 as substrate. Moreover, the mesoporous structure as well as the abundant metal coordination sites in MnO2 structure facilitated the loading of an anti-AS drug of curcumin (Cur), achieving extraordinarily high drug loading capacity of 54%. Cur displayed a broad spectrum of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities to repolarize M1 macrophages into M2 phenotype, and the catalytic MnO2 recovered the function of lipid efflux transporter to remove lipid from cells by suppressing HIF-1α. Collectively, the nanocarrier and the payload drug functioned as an all-active nanoplatform to synergistically alleviate the syndromes of AS. In ApoE−/− mice model, the nanosystem could significantly prolong the circulation half-life of Cur by sixfold, and enhance drug accumulation in atherosclerotic lesion by 3.5-fold after intravenous injection by virtue of surface hyaluronic acid (HA) modification. As a result, a robust anti-AS efficacy was achieved as evidenced by the decrease of atherosclerotic lesion, plaque area, lipid level. Graphical Abstract

A growing number of studies have shown that aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression is closely associated with the evolution and development of various complex human diseases. These key biomarkers’ identification and observation are significant for gaining a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanisms. Consequently, pinpointing potential miRNA–disease associations (MDA) has become a prominent bioinformatics subject, encouraging several new computational methods given the advances in graph neural networks (GNN). Nevertheless, these existing methods commonly fail to exploit the network nodes’ global feature information, leaving the generation of high-quality embedding representations using graph properties as a critical unsolved issue. Addressing these challenges, we introduce the DAEMDA, a computational method designed to optimize the current models’ efficacy. First, we construct similarity and heterogeneous networks involving miRNAs and diseases, relying on experimentally corroborated miRNA–disease association data and analogous information. Then, a newly-fashioned parallel dual-channel feature encoder, designed to better comprehend the global information within the heterogeneous network and generate varying embedding representations, follows this. Ultimately, employing a neural network classifier, we merge the dual-channel embedding representations and undertake association predictions between miRNA and disease nodes. The experimental results of five-fold cross-validation and case studies of major diseases based on the HMDD v3.2 database show that this method can generate high-quality embedded representations and effectively improve the accuracy of MDA prediction.

The effectiveness of training-based object detection heavily depends on the amount of sample data. But in the field of remote sensing, the amount of sample data is difficult to meet the needs of network training due to the non-cooperative imaging modes and complex imaging conditions. Moreover, the imbalance of the sample data between different categories may lead to the long-tail problem during the training. Given that similar sensors, data acquisition approaches, and data structures could make the targets in different categories possess certain similarities, those categories can be modeled together within a subspace rather than the entire space to leverage the amounts of sample data in different subspaces. To this end, a subspace-dividing strategy and a subspace-based multi-branch network is proposed for object detection in remotely sensed images. Specifically, a combination index is defined to depict this kind of similarity, a generalized category consisting of similar categories is proposed to represent the subspace, and a new subspace-based loss function is devised to address the relationship between targets in one subspace and across different subspaces to integrate the sample data from similar categories within a subspace and to balance the amounts of sample data between different subspaces. Furthermore, a subspace-based multi-branch network is constructed to ensure the subspace-aware regression. Experiments on the DOTA and HRSC2016 datasets demonstrated the superiority of our proposed method.

In this work, di-[4-(N,N-ditolylamino)-phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC); 4,4′,4″-tri (9-carbazoyl)triphenylamine (TcTa); 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi); and 1,3,5-tri (m-pyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene (TmPyPB) were used to constitute the multiple-host system and fabricate solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (s-OLEDs) with europium complex Eu(DBM)3Phen (DBM, 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione; Phen,1,10-phenanthroline) as emitter. In order to determine the optimal composition of the multiple-host system, a series of devices with different light-emitting layers (EMLs) were fabricated and compared. Experimental results revealed that removing TmPyPB out of the multiple-host system greatly reduces the turn-on voltage, whereas the addition of TcTa to the multiple-host system helps facilitate the transfer of holes from TAPC to Eu(DBM)3Phen molecules, thus increasing the recombination probability of carriers on emitter molecules. Finally, high performance solution-processed red OLED (turn-on voltage of 3.8 V) based on the europium complex doped multiple-host system obtained the maximum current efficiency of 2.07 cd A−1, power efficiency of 1.54 lm W−1, external quantum efficiency of 1.2%, and brightness of 945 cd m−2.

Canola and wheat are the main oilseed crop and grain crop, respectively, and they often have similar phenological stages. The understanding of the interactions between microwave signals with wheat and canola in different stages is important for their monitoring using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. This paper investigates the characteristics of canola and wheat through the use of backscattering profiles from multi-year Sentinel-1 images. Large fluctuations are observed for the temporal backscattering profiles of canola and wheat in different growth statuses induced by agrometeorological conditions in different years. The capability and stability of Sentinel-1 for wheat and canola mapping is further investigated using single- and multi-temporal SAR images hosted in Google Earth Engine (GEE) using the random forest classifier. Although different agrometeorological conditions and field managements make the temporal profiles of backscattering variations, the large difference in canopy structure allows SAR images to make the separability of canola and wheat stable on Sentinel-1 images in different phenology stages. The classification accuracies and the feature importance scores from multi-temporal classification in different years show that the backscattering features obtained at flowering to maturity stages make more contributions to the good-quality mapping of canola and wheat than those at other stages. The F1 scores of canola and wheat achieve 0.95 during the canola flowering and podding period, and the minimum F1 scores of 0.85 were also obtained at other stages. These findings show that SAR images have great potential in the good-quality mapping of canola and wheat in a wide phenology window.

Late Cretaceous granitoids are developed in the eastern and western districts of the Gejiu ore district, but tin deposits mainly occur in the eastern district, and the reasons for the difference in mineralization between the eastern and western districts are still controversial. Considering the main factors controlling granite Sn fertility, the whole-rock geochemical characteristics of granites on both sides are compared. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses of the Gejiu granites yielded two age periods: the early phase from 79.2 to 83.3 Ma and the later phase from 73.8 to 75.6 Ma. The western district granites have higher zircon εHf(t), CaO/Na2O, Ba, and Sr concentrations and lower Rb/Sr ratios than the eastern district granites, indicating that the western district granites have more mantle-derived materials in the source than the eastern district granites. Results of oxygen fugacity show that the western granites have a higher oxygen fugacity condition. More depleted Ba, Sr, P, Eu and Ti characteristics with obviously negative Eu anomalies in the eastern granites also have high Rb/Sr ratios and low Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios, indicating that the eastern granites experienced highly magmatic differentiation, attributed to high volatile F contents that can reduce the viscosity and solidus of magma. Combined with the differences in field observations and structural styles, on the whole, the western district granites have higher oxygen fugacities and lower F contents and magmatic differentiation than those in the eastern district granites, indicating that the western district granites are not conducive to mineralization.

In this work, the investigation mainly focused on ultrasonic-assisted dual-alkali pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse followed by Candida tropicalis fermentation to produce xylitol. The results showed that the combination of NaOH and ammonia water had the best effect by comparing the effects of the four single-alkali (NaOH, KOH, ammonia water, Ca(OH)2) and their mixed double-alkali pretreatments on xylose content. Then, the optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse were obtained by response surface methodology. When the ratio of NaOH and ammonia water was 2:1, the mixed alkali concentration (v/v) was 17%, the ultrasonic temperature was 45°C, the ultrasonic power was 300 W, and the ultrasonic time was 40 min, the content of xylose reached a maximum of 2.431 g/L. Scanning electron microscopy showed that sugarcane bagasse by ultrasonic-assisted alkali pretreatment aggravated with more folds and furrows. Moreover, the fermentation results showed that the concentration ratio of enzymatic hydrolysate of sugarcane bagasse affected the xylitol yield, and when concentrated three times, the highest yield of xylitol (54.42%) was obtained.

Magmatism associated with early growth of subduction zones is unlike that of mature island arc systems. Here, the authors find basalts with distinct mineralogical and geochemical characteristics were erupted during this early stage, and derived from extremely refractory, hot mantle sources.

GaoFen-3 was the first Chinese civilian C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite, launched in August 2016. The need for monitoring the satellite’s image quality has been boosted by its widespread applications in various fields. The efficient and scientific assessment of the system’s radiometric and polarimetric performance has been essential in its more than five years of service. The authors collected 90 images of the Inner Mongolia calibration site, 888 images of the Amazon rainforest, and 39,929 images of the Chinese mainland from 2017 to 2021. This was achieved whilst covering the leading imaging modes, such as the spotlight mode, stripmap mode, ultra-fine mode, wave imaging mode, etc. In this study, we derive a framework that incorporates the man-made corner reflectors (CRs) in Mongolia, the traditional Amazon rainforest datasets, and even the long-strip data in the Chinese mainland (known as CRAS) for the purposes of GaoFen-3 radiometric quality analysis and polarimetric validation over its five years of operation. Polarimetric calibration without recourse to the CRs is utilized to measure the polarimetric distortions regardless of the region, and thus requires a higher calibration accuracy for the GaoFen-3 polarimetric monitoring task. Consequently, the modified Quegan method is developed by relaxing the target azimuth symmetry constraint with the Amazon forest datasets. The experiments based on the CRAS demonstrate that the main radiometric characteristics could reach the international level, with an estimated noise-equivalent sigma zero of approximately −30 dB, a radiometric resolution that is better than 2.9 dB, and a single-imagery relative radiation accuracy that is better than 0.51 dB. For polarimetric validation, the modified Quegan method was utilized to measure the crosstalk for quad-pol products to ensure that it was than −40 dB. Meanwhile, non-negligible channel imbalance errors were found in the QPSII and WAV modes, and they were effectively well-calibrated with strip estimators to satisfy the system design.

Effective finite model and reasonable grid partition are the basis for stress analysis on local defects of large tanks. In order to guarantee the calculation accuracy and reduce the burden of the finite element calculation for large tanks, the settlement and deformation of the storage tank calculated by the contact model of the elastic foundation was preliminarily analyzed. Based on the analysis, combined with the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of the bottom plate, the simplified two-dimensional storage tank model was obtained by replacing the bottom plate not uplifted and the whole foundation with the displacement on the section of the uplifted position as boundary condition. Then, through the study of the influence of the grid size on the calculation results in different directions, a suitable grid partition method was proposed and the simplified three-dimensional model of storage tank was obtained. As shown by the comparison analysis, the simplified two-dimensional and three-dimensional storage tank models are accurate enough to replace the complete elastic foundation contact model for static analysis, and the simplified model could also be used to calculate the stress intensity factor of the cracks near welds and to evaluate the residual strength of storage tanks.

As the service condition is harsh, the submarine pipeline is hard to be monitored and maintained. Therefore, oncean accident occurs, the consequence will be very serious. In order to ensure the safe operation of submarine pipelines, thedomestic and international research progress of submarine pipeline integrity evaluation technology was discussed from theaspects of the overall construction of the submarine pipelines, various safety evaluation systems and integrity standardsthrough the study on current situation of submarine pipeline integrity evaluation. At the same time, considering the serviceconditions and operation characteristics of submarine pipeline in China, the study route and development trend was definedbased on a series of problems such as the unsound submarine pipeline management mode, weak integrity evaluation technologyand inadequate standards in China, to realize the evaluation and analysis of various failure modes and the integrity evaluation ofthe submarine pipeline as soon as possible, and to establish an integrity evaluation system of submarine pipeline. The researchresults could provide references for the safe and reliable operation of the submarine pipelines and have a guiding effect on thedevelopment of submarine pipeline integrity evaluation in China.

The Dongguashan deposit is the largest and deepest Cu (Au) deposit in the Tongling region, eastern China. The presence of skarn and stratiform ore bodies in the same system of the Dongguashan deposit has caused much debate as to whether the mineralization was associated with magmatic-hydrothermal or sedimentary origin. In this study, in situ (LA-ICP-MS and EPMA) elemental compositions of medium-to coarse-grained euhedral pyrite from the stratiform and skarn ore bodies, and pyritization marble are investigated in the Dongguashan deposit. The results of the studied pyrite samples have relatively consistent trace element composition characteristics and several genetically significant elemental combinations. Gold and Ag are mainly of lattice bound appearance in pyrite. The Pb, Cu, Sb and Tl elements are mainly incorporated into the pyrite structure as substitutions. The distinctly trace element distribution correlations (e.g., Mn, Se and Tl) of the studied pyrites indicate that they were formed in a high temperature and oxidizing environment. Low Au (1) and Se/Tl (>10) ratios of the studied pyrites imply that the Dongguashan deposit is most likely to be a magmatic-hydrothermal origin.

The exact origin of lithium enrichment in arc magmatic systems is unclear. Here the authors conduct a global systematics of lithium, explaining why volcanic arcs built on thickened crust are most lithium-enriched, which sheds light on the future exploration of lithium resources.

Mountain building (orogeny) has a strong causal relationship with compression induced by plate drifting. It is generally accepted that orogenic belts are distributed perpendicular to the direction of plate movement. Extensive Late Mesozoic intra-continental deformations occurred around the North China Craton (NCC) in three different directions (i.e. EW-, WNW- and NNE-striking), which were previously attributed to three different geodynamic processes; the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean, convergence of the NCC and the South China block, and subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate. Remarkably, all these tectonic events were synchronised. Analogue modelling experiments were used to constrain far-field stress and basement shapes, to reconsider tectonic evolution around the NCC during this period. Results showed that all of these tectonic deformations could be plausibly interpreted as a unitary geodynamic regime governed by the westward indentation of the wedge-shaped NCC, driven by subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate. Mountain chains were formed along the edges of the wedge, indicating that the distribution of orogenic belts is not necessarily correlated with the direction of plate movement.

Five particle sizes and six dosages of polymerized aluminum chloride (PAC) residue were taken to prepare polymerized aluminum chloride residue cement mortar (PACRM). The compressive and flexural strengths were tested, and SEM analysis was performed. The results showed that the change pattern of strength of PAC waste residue mixed into cement mortar was similar to that of fly ash at the same substitution rate. However, the strength of PACRM decreased with the increase of substitution rate. The flexural and compressive strengths of PACRM reached their peak at all ages after replacing cement with PAC waste residue with particle size of 0-0.075 mm and 30% doping. Their strength ratios were greater than 62%. It does not contribute much to the early strength development of PACRM, but contributes more to the later strength development after the cement is replaced by PAC waste residue. PAC waste residue mainly acts as microaggregate and fills into the mortar pores at low substitution rate. The cracks of the matrix structure are filled by C-S-H, so the mortar structure is more dense and the material strength is enhanced. When the substitution rate increases, the water requirement of mortar increases, resulting in an uncompact structure. The internal pores increase after hardening, and the mortar strength decreases rapidly.

Under corrosive environments, concrete material properties can deteriorate significantly, which can seriously affect structural safety. Therefore, it has important engineering applications to improve the durability performance at a lower economic cost. This paper proposes a new, highly durable concrete using inexpensive construction materials such as basalt fiber, sodium methyl silicate, and inorganic aluminum salt waterproofing agent. With the massive application of sewage treatment projects, the problem of concrete durability degradation is becoming more and more serious. In this paper, five types of concrete are developed for the sewage environment, and the apparent morphology and fine structure of the specimens after corrosion in sewage were analyzed. The density, water absorption, and compressive strength were measured to investigate the deterioration pattern of concrete properties. It was found that ordinary concrete was subject to significant corrosion, generating large deposits of algae on the surface and accompanied by sanding. The new concrete showed superior corrosion resistance compared to conventional concrete. Among other factors, the inorganic aluminum salt waterproofing agent effect was the most prominent. The study found that the strength of ordinary concrete decreased by about 15% in the test environment, while the new concrete had a slight increase. Comprehensive evaluation showed that the combination of basalt fiber and inorganic aluminum salt waterproofing agent had the best effect. Its use is recommended.

The region of southern Anhui Province (SAP) is one of Late Mesozoic magmatic belts and copper-molybdenum-gold-tungsten polymetallic ore districts in China, but the relationship of polymetallic mineralization and related granodiorite remains unclear. Previous studies indicate that apatite can be an indicator for magmatic evolution and mineral exploration. In this study, apatites from the SAP ore-bearing granodiorites were investigated using observations from the electron microscope, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The studied apatite samples identified as fluorapatite, show high F (2.69–4.13 wt.%) and low Cl contents (mainly

The origin of the Dexing porphyry Cu deposit is hotly debated. Zircon and apatite are important accessory minerals that record key information of mineralization processes. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb analyses of granodiorite porphyries yield ages of 168.9 ± 1.2 Ma, 168.0 ± 1.0 Ma, and 172.8 ± 1.3 Ma, whereas zircons in the volcanic rocks of the Shuangqiaoshan Group have Neoproterozoic ages of 830 ± 7 Ma, 829 ± 8 Ma, and 899 ± 12 Ma. The porphyry displays zircon in situ δ18O of mantle values (5.5 ± 0.2‰), low apatite 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7058 ± 0.0005), and high εHf values (5.1 ± 1.5), which are consistent with mantle-derived magmatic rocks. Apatite from the porphyries has relatively high total rare earth elements (REEs) and negative Eu anomalies, with relatively high Cl and As contents. These features are distinctly different from apatite in the Shuangqiaoshan Group, which shows lower total REE, Cl, and As contents but higher F content and positive Eu anomalies. Zircon in porphyries yields a relative high oxygen fugacity of ∆FMQ + 1.5 based on zircon Ce4+/Ce3+. Apatite in porphyries also shows high oxygen fugacity based on its SO3 and Mn compositions, reaching ∆FMQ + 2, which is different from that of the lower continental crust in general, but similar to subduction-related magmas. In contrast, the oxygen fugacity of the Shuangqiaoshan Group is much lower, suggesting a different origin for its wall rock. Therefore, the Dexing porphyries were not derived from the lower crust but derived from partial melting of the subducting Paleo-Pacific plate.

Summary: Large-scale shale gas exploitation greatly enriches ethane resources, making the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene quite fascinating, but the qualified catalyst with unique combination of enhanced activity/selectivity, enhanced heat transfer, and low pressure drop presents a grand challenge. Herein, a high-performance Nb2O5-NiO/Ni-foam catalyst engineered from nano- to macroscale for this reaction is tailored by finely tuning the performance-relevant Nb2O5-NiO interaction that is strongly dependent on NiO-precursor morphology. Three NiO-precursors of different morphologies (clump, rod, and nanosheet) were directly grown onto Ni-foam followed by Nb2O5 modification to obtain the catalyst products. Notably, the one from the NiO-precursor of nanosheet achieves the highest ethylene yield, in nature, because of markedly diminished unselective oxygen species due to enhanced interaction between Nb2O5 and NiO nanosheet. An advanced catalyst is developed by further thinning the NiO-precursor nanosheet, which achieves 60% conversion with 80% selectivity and is stable for at least 240 h. : Catalysis; Organic Reaction; Nanomaterials; Nanostructure Subject Areas: Catalysis, Organic Reaction, Nanomaterials, Nanostructure

In recent days, discrimination diagrams have been widely used for tracing the tectonic settings and origins of basalts from orogenic belts. However, conventional discrimination diagrams are not accurate enough. Here, we reported six new discrimination diagrams obtained from the global database using data mining methods. For most individual diagrams, island arc basalt can be nearly 100% was identified, whereas ocean island basalt and mid-ocean ridge basalt can be discriminated from each other with less than 10% of overlap, under a confidence coefficient of 85%. Using the six new discrimination diagrams together, basalts of different origins can be efficiently identified.

(1) Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes endocarditis, pneumonia, and skin diseases in humans and livestock. (2) Methods: The antibacterial effect of the total flavonoid against MRSA (ATCC43300) extracted from the Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (A. pilosa Ledeb) was evaluated by the microdilution method. The oxidative stresses in MRSA were evaluated by the levels of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative stress-related genes. The DNA oxidative damage was tested by the 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and DNA gel electrophoresis. The differentially expressed proteins were determined by the method of SDS-PAGE and NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS, while the mRNAs of differential proteins were determined by Real-Time PCR. The changes of ultra-structures in MRSA were observed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). (3) Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the total flavonoid against MRSA was recorded as 62.5 μg/mL. After treatment with the total flavonoid, the levels of intracellular H2O2 and ROS were increased and the gene expressions against oxidative stress (SodA, katA, TrxB) were decreased (p < 0.01), while the gene expression for oxidative stress (PerR) was increased (p < 0.01). The level of intracellular 8-OHdG in MRSA was increased (p < 0.01) and the DNA was damaged. The results of TEM also showed that the total flavonoid could destroy the ultra-structures in the bacteria. (4) Conclusions: The total flavonoid extracted from the A. pilosa Ledeb can induce the oxidative stress that disturbed the energy metabolism and protein synthesis in MRSA.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma, accounting for approximately 30% to 40% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). The administration of rituximab significantly improved the outcomes of DLBCL; however, the unavoidable development of resistance limits the long-term efficacy. Therefore, a new generation of less toxic drugs with higher chemotherapy response is required to prevent or reverse chemoresistance. TEOA is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound isolated from the roots of Actinidia eriantha. Studies have confirmed that TEOA has significant cytotoxicity on gastrointestinal cancer cells. However, there are no relevant reports on DLBCL cells. In this study, we investigated the potential molecular mechanism of the anticancer activity of TEOA in DLBCL cells. The results demonstrated that TEOA inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in time-and dose-dependent manners. TEOA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which was reversed by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). TEOA induced DNA damage, increased the level of γ-H2AX, and the phosphorylation of CHK1 and CHK2. In addition, TEOA induced the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway and pretreated with p38 inhibitor SB20358 or ROS scavenger could block TEOA-induced DNA damage. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS mediated activation of the p38 MAPK signal pathway plays an important role in initiating TEOA-induced DNA damage.

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death and is characterized by iron-dependent and lipid peroxidation. Due to the enhanced dependence on iron in cancer cells, induction of ferroptosis is becoming a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the precise underlying molecular mechanism and regulation process of ferroptosis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that the protein Frataxin (FXN) is a key regulator of ferroptosis by modulating iron homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Suppression of FXN expression specifically repressed the proliferation, destroyed mitochondrial morphology, impeded Fe–S cluster assembly and activated iron starvation stress. Moreover, suppression of FXN expression significantly enhanced erastin-induced cell death through accelerating free iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation and resulted in dramatic mitochondria morphological damage including enhanced fragmentation and vanished cristae. In addition, this type of cell death was confirmed to be ferroptosis, since it could be pharmacologically restored by ferroptotic inhibitor Fer-1 or GSH, but not by inhibitors of apoptosis, necrosis. Vice versa, enforced expression of FXN blocked iron starvation response and erastin-induced ferroptosis. More importantly, pharmacological or genetic blocking the signal of iron starvation could completely restore the resistance to ferroptosis in FXN knockdown cells and xenograft graft in vivo. This paper suggests that FXN is a novel ferroptosis modulator, as well as a potential provided target to improve the antitumor activity based on ferroptosis.

Abstract Magnesite (MgCO3) is a likely main host of carbonates in the mantle and plays an important role in the transport and storage of carbon in the Earth's mantle. Its physical properties at high pressure and high temperature (PT) are crucial for understanding the deep carbon cycle. Here we investigated thermodynamic and elastic properties of magnesite under the mantle PT conditions using first‐principles calculations with local density approximation (LDA). Magnesite has the seismic velocities close to those of forsterite. The effect of the magnesite on seismic velocity of the carbonated peridotite and eclogite is subtle in the upper mantle. However, magnesite has much smaller seismic velocities and far larger elastic anisotropy than major minerals in the transition zone and lower mantle. The enrichment of magnesite in the transition zone and lower mantle will likely produce seismically detectable low‐velocity zone and velocity anisotropy.

Abstract The prevalence and antithrombotic treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Chinese rural population is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which antithrombotic treatment was prescribed for rural AF patients >60 years. We identified 828 AF patients from 36734 rural residents >60 years in Shanghai China. Our data indicated the overall prevalence rate of AF was 2.3% in rural population >60 years in East China and 38.9% of AF patients underwent antithrombotic therapy, including warfarin (5.9%), aspirin (29.6%), clopidogrel (2.9%) and aspirin combined with clopidogrel (0.5%). Of enrolled subjects, 98.4% had CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥1, 72.0% had HAS-BLED score

Marine ship detection by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important remote sensing technology. The rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence technology has facilitated the wide use of deep learning methods in SAR imagery for ship detection. Although deep learning can achieve a much better detection performance than traditional methods, it is difficult to achieve satisfying performance for small-sized ships nearshore due to the weak scattering caused by their material and simple structure. Another difficulty is that a huge amount of data needs to be manually labeled to obtain a reliable CNN model. Manual labeling each datum not only takes too much time but also requires a high degree of professional knowledge. In addition, the land and island with high backscattering often cause high false alarms for ship detection in the nearshore area. In this study, a novel method based on candidate target detection, boundary box optimization, and convolutional neural network (CNN) embedded with active learning strategy is proposed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of ship detection in nearshore areas. The candidate target detection results are obtained by global threshold segmentation. Then, the strategy of boundary box optimization is defined and applied to reduce the noise and false alarms caused by island and land targets as well as by sidelobe interference. Finally, a lightweight CNN embedded with active learning scheme is used to classify the ships using only a small labeled training set. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method for small-sized ship detection can achieve 97.78% accuracy and 0.96 F1-score with Sentinel-1 images in complex nearshore areas.

Serpentinization produces molecular hydrogen (H2) and hydrocarbons that can feed the colonies of microbes in hydrothermal vent fields, and therefore serpentinization may be important for the origins of life. However, the mechanisms that control molecular hydrogen (H2) production during serpentinization remain poorly understood. Here the effect of pyroxene minerals and spinel on molecular hydrogen (H2) generation during serpentinization is experimentally studied at 311–500 °C and 3.0 kbar, where olivine, individually and in combinations with pyroxene and/or spinel, is reacted with saline solutions (0.5 M NaCl). The results show a contrasting influence of spinel and pyroxeneon molecular hydrogen (H2) production. At 311 °C and 3.0 kbar, spinel promotes H2 generation by around two times, and pyroxene minerals decrease molecular hydrogen (H2) production by around one order of magnitude. Spinel leaches aluminum (Al) and chromium (Cr) during hydrothermal alteration, and Al and Cr enhance molecular hydrogen (H2) production. This is confirmed by performing experiments on the serpentinization of olivine with the addition of Al2O3 or Cr2O3 powders, and an increase in molecular hydrogen (H2) production was observed. Pyroxene minerals, however, not only leach Al and Cr, but they also release silica (SiO2) during serpentinization. The sharp decline in molecular hydrogen (H2) production in experiments with a combination of olivine and pyroxene minerals may be attributed to releases of silica from pyroxene minerals. With increasing temperatures (e.g., 400–500 °C), the effect of spinel and pyroxene minerals on molecular hydrogen (H2) production is much less significant, which is possibly related tothe sluggish kinetics of olivine serpentinization under these T-P conditions. In natural geological settings, olivine is commonly associated with spinel and pyroxene, and molecular hydrogen (H2) during serpentinization can be greatly affected.