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RESUMO O mofo branco na cultura da soja é uma doença de difícil controle e o uso de fungicidas não é suficiente para evitar perdas significativas, além de causarem danos ambientais, têm custos elevados. Métodos alternativos, a exemplo dos fertilizantes foliares, a base de fosfito de potássio, também podem ser utilizados no manejo desta doença. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o efeito de fosfitos de potássio no controle do mofo branco na cultura da soja, aplicados em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura e a ação destes produtos na indução de respostas de defesa nas plantas. Os fosfitos testados foram: Fosfito A (P2O5-40%; K2O-20%); Fosfito B (P2O5-40%; K2O-28%); Fosfito C (P2O5-40%; K2O-20%), Fosfito D (P2O5-30%; K2O-20%). O efeito dos fosfitos sobre o patógeno foi avaliado, in vitro, sobre a inibição micelial. Nos testes de indução de resistência foram avaliadas a síntese de gliceolinas, em cotilédones de soja, e as enzimas FAL e POX, avaliadas em plântulas, em câmara de crescimento, pulverizadas com os fosfitos e o fungicida fluazinam. Também foi conduzido um experimento de campo em uma área infestada naturalmente com o fitopatógeno visando avaliar o efeito desses fosfitos no manejo do mofo branco na cultura da soja. Nenhum dos fosfitos testados reduziu o crescimento micelial do patógeno e/ou induziu a síntese de gliceolinas. Por outro lado, todos os fosfitos testados, destacando-se os fosfitos C e D aumentaram a atividade da síntese da FAL e da POX e foram mais efetivos no controle da doença em campo. ABSTRACT White mold in the soybean crop is a disease of difficult control and the use of fungicides is not sufficient to prevent significant losses since, besides causing environmental damage, has high costs. Alternative methods, such as foliar fertilizers with potassium phosphite, can also be used in the management of this disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium phosphites on white mold control in soybean through application in different phenological stages of the crop, as well as to assess the action of these products on the induction of defense responses in plants. The tested phosphites were: Phosphite A (P2O5-40%, K2O-20%); Phosphite B (P2O5-40%, K2O-28%); Phosphite C (P2O5-40%, K2O-20%), and Phosphite D (P2O5-30%, K2O-20%). The effect of phosphites on the pathogen was evaluated, in vitro, based on mycelial inhibition. In the resistance induction tests, the synthesis of glyceollins was evaluated in soybean cotyledons and the enzymes PAL and POX were evaluated in seedlings, in a growth chamber, after spraying with the phosphites and the fungicide fluazinam. A field experiment was also carried out in an area naturally infested with the phytopathogen with the aim of evaluating the effect of these phosphites on the management of white mold in the soybean crop. None of the tested phosphites reduced the mycelial growth of the pathogen and/or induced the synthesis of glyceollins. However, all tested phosphites, especially phosphites C and D, increased PAL and POX synthesis activity and were more effective in controlling the disease in the field.

Coarse woody debris on the forest floor contributes to maintenance of forest biodiversity and long-term ecosystem productivity. Down wood is often dispersed over harvested sites during logging activities, thereby leaving piles of postharvest debris as “excess” material at landings and roadsides. These wood residues may be burned in most jurisdictions in North America to reduce a perceived fire hazard. The fire hazard debate needs to acknowledge the documented benefits of woody debris retention while striking a balance among biodiversity, bioenergy, and alternative uses for debris, while reducing ignitions by humans. The burning of excess woody debris also creates smoke, causes the release of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and creates human health issues, particularly for vulnerable individuals. The relationship of wildfire smoke to human health problems is well documented. However, there is no scientific evidence showing that postharvest debris piles are ignition points for forest fires, other than those caused by humans. Wood residues from forest harvesting or natural disturbance wood from wildfire and insect outbreaks may be used as renewable biomass “feedstocks” that could help improve energy supplies and reduce GHG emissions. If not marketable, the management of postharvest debris should seek alternative outlets that do not dispose of debris by burning, but still meet fire hazard abatement requirements. The construction of woody debris structures (e.g., piles and windrows) built at the time of forest harvesting and log processing, or later at the site preparation stages, has positive benefits for wildlife habitat and forest biodiversity. A windrow or series of piles may connect patches and reserves of mature forest and riparian areas on clearcut openings. Piles and windrows have consistently provided habitat on new clearcuts for southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) and Microtus voles, as well as a host of other forest-floor small mammal species, at least up to 12 years postconstruction. Woody debris provides important habitat for foraging and cover attributes for marten (Martes americana), weasels (Mustela spp.), and other furbearers. A list of “What to do?” and “When and Where?” with options for construction of woody debris habitats: poorest, good, better, and best are given. In the cases where fire risk from humans is minimized and there are no marketable wood products, eight alternative management scenarios for postharvest woody debris are provided. These include: (1) piles for wildlife habitat; (2) distribution of debris in partial cut forests; (3) machinery to break up and crush debris; (4) protection of riparian zones with barriers for cattle; (5) construction of range fencing; (6) reclamation of landings and skid-trails; (7) soil fertility and reduction in weed competition and drought for planted conifers; and (8) slope stabilization and revegetation. Advantages and disadvantages (if known) are given for each alternative. A flow chart for the fate of excess postharvest woody debris with respect to fire hazard abatement and markets or nonmarkets is given.

The objective was to evaluate alternatives for the control of weeds in the radish culture by measuring their agronomic characteristics in semi-arid conditions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments corresponding to the forms of weed control, namely: plastic film with color white; a plastic film with color black; donkey grass, Cynodon dactylon; neem leaves, Azadirachta indica A. Juss; donkey grass - incorporated into the soil; neem – incorporated into the soil; solarization and witness. The largest occurrences of weeds were of the species Capim navalha (Hypolytrum pungens), ryegrass (Lolium perene), Bredo fino (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) and Amaranthus spp. The treatments Capim-de-burro embodied (CBE) and soil incorporated neem (SIN) were the most efficient in the control of weeds and also provided greater masses of the aerial part and root of the radish. El objetivo fue evaluar alternativas para el control de malezas en el cultivo de rábanos mediante la medición de sus características agronómicas en condiciones semiáridas. El experimento se realizó en un diseño completamente al azar, con ocho tratamientos correspondientes a las formas de control de malezas, a saber: película de plástico con color blanco; película de plástico con color negra; hierba de burro, Cynodon dactylon; hojas de neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss; hierba de burro - incorporada al suelo; neem - incorporado en el suelo; Solarización y testimonio. Las mayores ocurrencias de malezas fueron de las especies Capim navalha (Hypolytrum pungens), ryegrass (Lolium perene), Bredo fino (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) y Amaranthus spp. Los tratamientos que incorporaron Capim-de-burro (CBI) y neem incorporado en el suelo (NIS) fueron los más eficientes en el control de malezas y también proporcionaron mayores masas de la parte aérea y la raíz del rábano. Objetivou-se avaliar alternativas para o controle das plantas daninhas na cultura do rabanete pela mensuração de suas características agronômicas em condições semiáridas. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com oito tratamentos correspondentes as formas de controle de plantas daninhas, a saber: filme plástico com cor branca; filme plástico com cor preta; capim de burro, Cynodon dactylon; folhas de nim, Azadirachta indica A. Juss; capim de burro–incorporado ao solo; nim–incorporado ao solo; solarização e testemunha. As maiores ocorrências de plantas daninhas foram das espécies Capim navalha (Hypolytrum pungens), Azevém (Lolium perene), Bredo fino (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) e Amaranthus spp. Os tratamentos Capim-de-burro incorporado (CBI) e nim incorporado ao solo (NIS) foram os mais eficientes no controle de plantas daninhas e também proporcionaram maiores massas da parte aérea e raiz do rabanete.

Submitted by JOELMA NASCIMENTO (joelma_goldmann@hotmail.com) on 2019-05-14T12:07:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JESCIKA ALVES RIBEIRO PEREIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO - PPGHT- ACADÊMICO 2019.pdf: 1756985 bytes, checksum: 257c1c7be1b351706dcac62c9ec79190 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-14T12:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JESCIKA ALVES RIBEIRO PEREIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO - PPGHT- ACADÊMICO 2019.pdf: 1756985 bytes, checksum: 257c1c7be1b351706dcac62c9ec79190 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-28 O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da solarização associada à incorporação de materiais vegetais e produtos biológicos na sobrevivência de F. solani e no desenvolvimento do meloeiro. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido-UFERSA, no município de Mossoró-RN com plantas de meloeiro, cultivar ‘Goldex’. Foram realizados dois experimentos idênticos, em épocas diferentes. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com nove tratamentos e cinco repetições: Incorporação de repolho (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) associado a solarização do solo; Incorporação de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) associado solarização do solo; Produto comercial ALD-18® (Fertiliza Chemical); Produtos comerciais Compost Aid® + Active® (Alltech); Incorporação de repolho (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) associado à solarização do solo e produto comercial ALD-18® (Fertiliza Chemical); Incorporação de repolho (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) associado a solarização do solo e produtos comerciais Compost Aid® + Active® (Alltech); Incorporação de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) associado à solarização do solo e produto comercialALD-18® (Fertiliza Chemical); Incorporação de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) associado à solarização do solo e produtos comerciais Compost Aid® + Active® (Grupo Altech); Solo (testemunha) Foram avaliadas a sobrevivência do fungo aos 50 dias após o transplantio (DAT) das mudas e, as variáveis de crescimento (diâmetro do caule, altura de planta e número de folhas aos 20, 30 e 40 DAT das mudas. Ao fim do experimento analisou-sea massa seca e fresca das partes aéreas e das raízes das plantas de meloeiro. O tratamento que proporcionou menor sobrevivência de F. solani foi R+PF+S, onde incorporou-se repolho associado à simulação da solarização do solo e aplicação do produto ALD-18®. A associação das técnicas de adubação verde, principalmente mamona, com incorporação x de produtos biológicos comerciais e solarização possibilitou melhor desenvolvimento de plantas de meloeiro em todos os períodos avaliados. A solarização do solo + o uso de produtos biológicos ALD-18® (Fertiliza Chemical) e Compost Aid® + Active® (Grupo Alltech), sem a incorporação de materiais vegetais, não reduziu a sobrevivência de F. solani, nem favoreceu o desenvolvimento do meloeiro. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of solarization associated with the incorporation of plant materials and biological products on the survival of F. solani and on the melon development. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Agricultural Center of the Federal University of the Semi-Arid-UFERSA, in the city of Mossoró-RN with melon plants, 'Goldex' cultivar. Two identical experiments were carried out at different times. A completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replications was used: Incorporation of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata) associated with soil solarization; Incorporation of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) associated with soil solarization; ALD-18® commercial product (Fertiliza Chemical); Commercial products Compost Aid® + Active® (Alltech); Incorporation of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata) associated with soil solarization and commercial product ALD-18® (Fertiliza Chemical); Incorporation of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata) associated with soil solarization and commercial products Compost Aid® + Active® (Alltech); Incorporation of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) associated with soil solarization and commercial product ALD-18® (Fertiliza Chemical); Incorporation of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) associated with soil solarization and commercial products Compost Aid® + Active® (Altech Group); Solo (witness). The survival of the fungus at 50 days after transplanting (DAT) of the seedlings and growth variables (stem diameter, plant height and leaf number at 20, 30 and 40 DAT of the seedlings were evaluated. At the end of the experiment the fresh and dry mass of the aerial parts and the roots of the melon plants were analyzed. The treatment that provided the lowest survival of F. solani was R + PF + S, where cabbage was associated with the simulation of the soil solarization and application of the ALD-18® product. The association of the techniques of green fertilization, mainly castor bean, with the incorporation of commercial biological products and solarization allowed better development of melon plants in all evaluated periods. The soil solarization + the use of biological products ALD-18® (Fertiliza Chemical) and Compost Aid® + Active® (Alltech Group), without the incorporation of vegetal materials, did not reduce the survival of F. solani nor favor the development of the melon.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES O melão (Cucumis melo L.) é uma das hortaliças mais cultivadas na região Nordeste devido principalmente à sua adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas. As doenças do sistema radicular, ocasionadas por patógenos habitantes do solo, vêm aumentando as perdas nesta cultura e ocasionando abandono de áreas. O fungo Macrophomina phaseolina, causador da podridão cinzenta do caule, é de difícil controle, na medida em que possuir ampla gama de hospedeiros e estruturas de resistência, permitindo sua sobrevivência por longos períodos no solo. Desta forma, é crescente a busca por medidas alternativas que conciliem diversos métodos de manejo, que sejam eficientes na produção do melão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da incorporação de materiais vegetais (repolho e mandioca), associados à simulação da solarização do solo e uso de produtos comerciais na sobrevivência de M. phaseolina, no crescimento do meloeiro e nos atributos químicos do solo. Foram realizados dois experimentos idênticos, em casa de vegetação (UFERSA-RN), sendo o primeiro no período de março a maio, e o segundo de junho a agosto de 2018. Os experimentos foram do tipo DIC, com nove tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os vasos com capacidade de 5 L foram preenchidos com solo (CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO) e substrato comercial, na proporção de 1:1, recebendo a incorporação de material vegetal (repolho e mandioca). Os tratamentos foram: incorporação de repolho associado à simulação da solarização (RSS), incorporação de mandioca associada à simulação da solarização (MSS), simulação da solarização e adição do produto IFT-18® (SSI), simulação da solarização e adição dos produtos Soil set® e Compost Aid® (SSSC), incorporação de repolho associado à simulação da solarização e produto IFT-18® (RSSI), incorporação de repolho associado à simulação da solarização e produtos Soil set® e Compost Aid® (RSSSC), incorporação de mandioca associada à simulação da solarização e produto IFT-18® (MSSI), incorporação de mandioca associada à simulação da solarização e produto Soil set® e Compost Aid® (MSSSC); somente o solo (CONTROLE). Em ambos os experimentos, foram enterradas a 10 cm de profundidade, em cada vaso, duas bolsas de tecido nylon, com 10 g de inóculo de M. phaseolina. A simulação da solarização foi realizada por 20 dias. Após esse período, as mudas de meloeiro (Goldex) com 10 dias foram transplantadas. As análises de sobrevivência do fungo foram realizadas no final dos experimentos, aos 50 dias; as de crescimento das plantas foram realizadas aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após o transplantio e a análise dos atributos químicos do solo ocorreu na implantação e no final da condução dos experimentos. Nos tratamentos onde se incorporou materiais vegetais (mandioca e repolho), ocorreu inativação do fungo e observou-se melhor desenvolvimento das plantas, em condições de casa de vegetação.A simulação da solarização do solo e uso de produtos comerciais sem adição de material vegetal não inativaram M. phaseolina em condições controladas, proporcionando menor desenvolvimento de plantas. Houve aumento no teor de fósforo disponível, de carbono orgânico total e dos atributos Mg e Nanos tratamentos onde foram incorporados materiais vegetais. Os atributos químicos do solo mais sensíveis na distinção dos tratamentos avaliados foram pH, Mg, Na, K, P, COT, SB, V. É possível relacionar os tratamentos com maior eficiência no controle de M. phaseolina às suas características edáficas semelhantes The melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the Northeast especially mainly to its adaptation to edaphoclimatic conditions. The diseases of the root system, caused by soil-dwelling pathogens, has been increasing the losses in this crop and causing abandonment of areas. The fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, which causes gray stem rot, is difficult to control, because it has a wide range of hosts and resistance structures, allowing its survival for long periods in the soil. Thus, the search for alternative methods is increasing and it reconciles several methods of management, which are efficient in the production of melon. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of plant materials (cabbage and cassava), associated to the simulation of soil solarization and commercial products use in M. phaseolina survival, melon growth and soil chemical attributes. Two identical experiments were carried out in a greenhouse (UFERSA-RN), the first in the period from March to May, and the second from June to August, 2018. The experiments were of the DIC type, with nine treatments and five replicates. The pots had a capacity of 5 L were filled with soil (CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO) and commercial substratum, in the proportion of 1: 1, and received the incorporation of plant material (cabbage and cassava). The treatments were cabbage incorporation associated with solarization simulation (SSR), incorporation of manioc associated with solarization simulation (MSS), simulation of solarization and addition of IFT-18® product (SSI), simulation of solarization and addition of Soil set® product and Compost Aid® (SSSC), cabbage incorporation associated with simulation of solarization and IFT-18® product (RSSI), cabbage incorporation associated with solarization simulation and Soil set® and Compost Aid® product (RSSSC), incorporation of cassava associated with simulation of solarization and IFT-18® product (MSSI), incorporation of manioc associated to simulation of solarization and Soil set® and Compost Aid® (MSSSC), soil only (CONTROL). In both experiments, 2 bags of nylon tissue were buried at 10 cm from the depth of each vessel, with 10 g of M. phaseolina inoculum. The solarization simulation was performed during 20 days. After this period, the seedlings of melon (Goldex) with 10 days were transplanted. The fungus survival analysis were performed at the end of the experiments, at 50 days, plant growth at 10, 20 and 30 days after transplanting, and the chemical attributes of the soil at the implantation and at the end of the conduction of the experiments. In the treatments where plant materials (cassava and cabbage) were incorporated, fungus inactivation occurred and plant development was observed under greenhouse conditions. Simulation of soil solarization and use of commercial products without addition of plant material did not inactivate M. phaseolina under controlled conditions and provided lower plant development. There was an increase in available phosphorus content, total organic carbon and Mg and Na attributes in treatments where plant materials were incorporated. The most sensitive chemical attributes of the evaluated treatments were pH, Mg, Na, K, P, COT, SB, V. It is possible to relate the treatments with greater efficiency in the control of M. phaseolina to their similar edaphic characteristics

Current approaches for assessing the effects of invasive alien species (IAS) are biased toward the negative effects of these species, resulting in an incomplete picture of their real effects. This can result in an inefficient IAS management. We address this issue by describing the INvasive Species Effects Assessment Tool (INSEAT) that enables expert elicitation for rapidly assessing the ecological consequences of IAS using the ecosystem services (ES) framework. INSEAT scores the ecosystem service “gains and losses” using a scale that accounted for the magnitude and the reversibility of its effects. We tested INSEAT on 18 IAS in Great Britain. Here, we highlighted four case studies: Harmonia axyridis (Harlequin ladybird), Astacus leptodactylus (Turkish crayfish), Pacifastacus leniusculus (Signal crayfish) and Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam). The results demonstrated that a collation of different experts’ opinions using INSEAT could yield valuable information on the invasive aliens’ ecological and social effects. The users can identify certain IAS as ES providers and the trade‐offs between the ES provision and loss associated with them. This practical tool can be useful for evidence‐based policy and management decisions that consider the potential role of invasive species in delivering human well‐being.

Anthracnose is a disease caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides affects avocado fruits (Persea americana Miller), making them unfit for commercialization. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of essential oils on the control of anthracnose in avocado fruits and its influence on the physico-chemical quality. The work was conducted at the Phytopathology Laboratory - UFPB, campus II. The fruits of avocado were treated with essential oils of lemon grass, cinnamon, eucalyptus, ricin, copaiba, andiroba, rosemary, canola, clove and flaxseed, which were added to the BDA culture medium at a concentration of 0.75 μLmL-1 and added to these two drops of Tween 80. In addition to the fungicide Tiabendazole 400 ml / 100 L added in the BDA medium and the control (pure culture medium). The following were evaluated: index of mycelial growth rate, conidia production and pathogen severity. The physical-chemical evaluations of the fruits were: loss of fresh mass; peel strength; pH; SS / AT ratio. The essential oils of cinnamon, lemon grass, eucalyptus, cloves, fennel, copaiba and rosemary reduce mycelial growth. The oils used show potential as an alternative treatment reducing the use of fungicides. Cinnamon oil in the concentration 0.75 μLmL-1 significantly reduces the growth and sporulation of the pathogen. Essential oils do not interfere with post-harvest quality of avocado fruits P. americana Miller. A antracnose é uma doença causada pelo patógeno Colletotrichum gloeosporioides afeta frutos de abacateiro (Persea americana Miller), tornando-os impróprios para a comercialização. Buscando-se o manejo alternativo de doenças, objetivou-se determinar o efeito de óleos essenciais no controle da antracnose em frutos de abacateiro e sua influência sobre a qualidade físico-química. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Fitopatologia de Universidade Federal da Paraíba, campus II. Os frutos de abacateiro foram tratados com óleos essenciais de capim-limão, canela, eucalipto, rícino, copaíba, andiroba, alecrim, canola, cravo e linhaça, que foram adicionados ao meio de cultura BDA, na concentração de 0,75 μLmL-1 e adicionado a estes duas gotas de Tween 80. Além do fungicida Tiabendazol 400 ml/100L acrescido no meio BDA e a testemunha (meio de cultura puro). Foram avaliados: índice da velocidade de crescimento micelial, produção de conídios e severidade do patógeno. As avaliações físico-químicas dos frutos foram: perda de massa fresca; firmeza da casca; pH; relação SS/AT. Os óleos essenciais de canela, capim limão, eucalipto, cravo, erva-doce, copaíba e alecrim reduzem o crescimento micelial. Os óleos utilizados mostram potencial como tratamento alternativo reduzindo o uso de fungicidas. O óleo de canela na concentração 0,75 μLmL-1 reduz significativamente o crescimento e esporulação do patógeno. Os óleos essenciais não interferem na qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de abacate P. americana Miller.

Searching alternatives for the control of plant parasitic nematodes, nematicide effect of secondary metabolites or plant residues has been studied. Thus, the manipueira, a liquid residue obtained from the industrialization of cassava (Manihot esculenta), has as its composition cyanogenic glycosides with antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the manipueira applied to the soil, aiming at the control ofMeloidogyne javanicain the soybean crop. The manipueira was applied at the concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100%. The experimental design was completely randomized, in an 11 × 2 factorial arrangement (concentrations of manipueira × forms of application - single and fractionated), with five replicates. Soybean plants were inoculated with 3000 eggs and J2 ofM. javanicaper pot. Sixty days after the first application of the manipueira, agronomic characteristics and parasitism were evaluated. The single application of the manipueira promoted greater growth and root development, as well as a reduction in the number of eggs and juveniles in the roots and in the reproduction factor ofM. javanica, for all concentrations. The split application had more effect on reducing the number of galls and egg mass. The lethal manure concentrations for 50% of the soil and root nematode populations were 37.90% and 29.67%, respectively., Na busca de alternativas para o controle de fitonematoides, vem sendo estudado o efeito nematicida de metabolitos secundários ou resíduos vegetais. Dessa forma, a manipueira, resíduo líquido da industrialização da mandioca (Manihot esculenta), tem como composição glicosídeos cianogênicos com propriedades antimicrobianas. Objetivou-se avaliar o potencial da manipueira aplicada no solo, visando o controle deMeloidogyne javanicana cultura da soja. A manipueira foi aplicada nas concentrações de 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 e 100%. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 11 × 2 (concentrações de manipueira × formas de aplicação - única e parcelada), com cinco repetições. As plantas de soja foram inoculadas com 3000 ovos e J2 deM. javanicapor vaso. Sessenta dias após a primeira aplicação da manipueira, foram avaliadas características agronômicas e de parasitismo. A aplicação única da manipueira promoveu maior crescimento e desenvolvimento radicular, bem como redução do número de ovos e J2 na raiz e do fator de reprodução deM. javanica, para todas as concentrações. A aplicação parcelada teve maior efeito na redução do número de galhas e massas de ovos. As concentrações letais de manipueira para 50% da população de nematoides no solo e na raiz foram de 37,90% e 29,67%, respetivamente.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen fertilization as deep litter for pigs in order to produce biomass and accumulate nutrients by the corn. A deep litter made of rice husk as organic compound, from a commercial pig farm during finishing phase, was used. After three consecutive batches of pigs, the deep litter was subjected to a maturation period of 50 days, and samples of this material were taken for analysis of agronomic value. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates. The treatments consisted of doses of 0, 75, 150 and 300mg dm-3 of N of deep litter, as well as an additional treatment with ammonium sulfate, with a dosage of 150mg dm-3 of N. After 45 days, corn plants were harvested in order to evaluate the total dry weight and nutrient concentrations of their aerial parts. Dry matter increases were found with more application of deep litter. Regarding control fertilization, the use of increasing dosages of deep litter allowed accumulation of K, reduced the availability of P, Ca, Mg, Zn and B and did not alter the concentrations of N, Cu, Fe and Mn. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da adubação nitrogenada na forma de cama sobreposta de suíno, na produção de matéria seca e no acúmulo de nutrientes pelo milho. Foi utilizada cama sobreposta feita de casca de arroz como composto orgânico, proveniente de uma granja comercial de suínos em fase de terminação. Após a passagem de três lotes consecutivos de suínos, a cama sobreposta foi submetida a um período de maturação de 50 dias. Foram feitas amostragens deste material para a análise de valor agronômico. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se das dosagens de 0; 75; 150 e 300 mg dm-3 de N de cama sobreposta, bem como um tratamento adicional com sulfato de amônio, na dose de 150 mg dm-3 de N. Após 45 dias, as plantas de milho foram colhidas e avaliadas quanto ao teor de matéria seca total e teor de nutrientes na parte aérea das plantas. Foram observados incrementos na produção de matéria seca total por ocasião do aumento nas dosagens de cama sobreposta. Em relação à adubação-testemunha, a utilização de doses crescentes de cama sobreposta possibilitou acúmulo de K, reduziu a disponibilidade de P, Ca, Mg, B e Zn, bem como não alterou as concentrações de N, Cu, Fe e Mn.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the energy flows of a commercial production system of swine deep bed in its finishing phase, located in Juiz de Fora, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Thus, an energy efficiency study was carried out by monitoring a lot of animals, during a 94-day period. The energy rate of each compound involved in the production process was quantified and the matrixes of energy consumption were determined in the form of animal feeding, electrical energy, piglets, material used as deep bed, human labor, equipment, swine buildings, production of alive swine for slaughter, organic fertilizer production (swine deep bed or swine deep litter). From the direct input energy, 80.57% correspond to animal feeding, 11.90% to pigs for slaughter and 6.76% to piglets, while from the energy output 53.45% correspond to the terminating swine and 46.55% to organic fertilizer (swine deep bed). By the results obtained, we can conclude that such production system has corresponded to an industrial and highly specialized agro ecosystem, importing a great part of the energy consumed in the production process, with 41% of energy efficiency. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os fluxos de energia de um sistema comercial de produção de suínos em cama sobreposta da fase de terminação, localizado em Juiz de Fora - MG. Para tanto, realizou-se estudo de eficiência energética, por meio do acompanhamento de um lote de animais, durante o período de 94 dias. Quantificou-se o coeficiente energético de cada componente envolvido no processo de produção e determinaram-se as matrizes de consumo energético nas formas de ração, energia elétrica, leitões, material usado como cama, mão de obra, equipamentos, instalações, produção de suínos vivos, e produção de adubo orgânico (cama sobreposta de suíno). Da energia direta de entrada, 80,57% correspondem à ração, 11,90% à serragem e 6,76% aos leitões. Da energia de saída, 53,45% referem-se aos suínos para abate e 46,55% ao adubo orgânico (cama sobreposta de suíno). Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o sistema de produção em questão se enquadrou nas características de um agroecossistema industrial, altamente especializado, importando grande parte da energia consumida no processo de produção e apresentando eficiência energética de 41%.

O setor suinícola brasileiro vem sofrendo severas críticas em virtude da poluição, sobretudo hídrica, constatada nas regiões de maior concentração animal, colocando sob questionamento o modelo produtivo atualmente adotado. Dentro deste contexto, o sistema de criação em cama sobreposta surge como alternativa promissora, uma vez que reduz os riscos de contaminação pela conversão do manejo dos dejetos da fase líquida para a sólida, possibilitando a produção de um composto orgânico comercial que pode gerar renda extra ou viabilizar, na propriedade de origem, a consorciação com a agricultura orgânica. Neste trabalho se avaliou a concentração de macronutrientes (N, P, K), cobre e zinco, na maravalha de quatro baias em uma unidade de produção de cama sobreposta no decorrer de 8 lotes com 70 animais. Cada baia alojou, durante 35 dias, os animais em diferentes fases (idade de entrada: creche = 21, B1 = 56, B2 = 91 e B3 = 126 dias). Os resultados mostraram que as concentrações médias de nutrientes das camas atendem às exigências da legislação vigente para fertilizante orgânico simples. A concentração de zinco na cama da creche é cerca de 5 vezes maior que nas demais baias, demonstrando a influência da dieta na composição final do composto.The swine production industry in Brazil has been severely criticized due to pollution, mainly in water, that has been noticed in regions where swine production is concentrated. This fact puts in question the current production model. Deep bedding system for swine production appears as a promising alternative, because it reduces the risks of contamination by converting manure management from liquid to solid phase. Additionally, it makes possible the production of organic compost, which can generate extra income or can be applied in the same farm to implement an organic agricultural production. This study evaluated the increase of macronutrients, copper and zinc concentrations in wood shavings used as a substrate in four stalls during a period when 8 groups of 70 animals were raised. Each stall had animals installed during 35 days, according to their age of entrance (nursery = 21, S1 = 56, S2 = 91 and S3 = 126 days). Results have shown that average concentrations of nutrients in beds are in compliance with legislation for simple organic fertilizer. The concentration of zinc in the nursery bed was about 5 times higher than other stalls, which shows the influence of diet on the composition of the compost.

In the paper the concept, content and essence of alternative management which is gaining popularity in Ukrainian companies, especially in companies of project type are reviewed. The components of this concept are structured. Basic definitions that determine the direction of technology of alternative management are systematized. Key principles of alternative management are presented. Methodological approaches, the use of alternative management tools in project management are analyzed. The systematization of technologies of project management is submitted from the point of flexibility. The possibilities of using alternative management in project management in companies considering Ukrainian mentality are determined.

Submitted by Fabiano Jucá (fjuca@unicentro.br) on 2017-06-19T17:00:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANNA CLAUDIA OLIVEIRA.pdf: 1657704 bytes, checksum: cf8008b8af76a4c7980e29d409466409 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T17:00:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANNA CLAUDIA OLIVEIRA.pdf: 1657704 bytes, checksum: cf8008b8af76a4c7980e29d409466409 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The induction of resistance active plant defense mechanisms promoting morphological or physiological changes, after the application of elicitors. Among the elicitors, it has highlighted the use of mushroom extracts. This study verified the potential of the aqueous extract (AE) of Lentinula edodes in induction of resistance, and evaluate whether it can control bean and vine diseases. The treatments for induction of phytoalexins, and peroxidase activity in bean hypocotyl, sorghum mesocotyls and soybean cotyledons application were 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20% AE and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) control. For the field experiment with beans, besides these treatments we used the fungicide Pyraclostrobin as standardcontrol. For the experiment with vine, the control was the Mancozeb fungicide used. In the field experiment with bean were assessed: severity of anthracnose, angular leaf spot and bacterial blight, activity of peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and production components. In vine were carried out in vitro tests with the fungus Elsinoe ampelina, in leaf discs were evaluated the severity and sporulation of Plasmopara viticola, the stakes were assessed the severity of mildew and chlorophyll a fluorescence. The AE in higher concentrations (10 and 20%) have phytoalexin-inducing activity and peroxidases activation, the extract increases the activity of this enzyme to a concentration of 10%. AE in the concentration of 20% did not reduce the severity of anthracnose in beans, however, increased levels of activity of enzymes POX, CAT and PPO, which offset the stress caused by the pathogen attack, increasing the productivity of bean. In vine, AE showed no direct antimicrobial effect on mycelial growth, sporulation and germination Elsinoe ampelina spores or on Plasmopara viticola in leaf discs. The stakes, the concentration of 5% reduced the AUDPC, in addition to increasing the F‟v / F‟m and YII. The AE L. edodes has potential in controlling mildew in grapevine cuttings. A indução de resistência ativa mecanismos de defesa das plantas, promovendo alterações morfológicas ou fisiológicas, após a aplicação de elicitores. Dentre os elicitores, tem se destacado o uso de extratos de cogumelos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o potencial do extrato aquoso (EA) de Lentinula edodes na indução de resistência e avaliar se o mesmo pode controlar doenças de feijoeiro e videira. Os tratamentos para indução de fitoalexinas e atividade de peroxidases em hipocótilos de feijão, mesocótilos de sorgo e cotilédones de soja foram a aplicação de 0, 1, 5, 10 e 20% do EA e acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) como tratamento padrão. Para o experimento em campo com feijoeiro, além destes tratamentos utilizou-se o fungicida Piraclostrobina como padrão. Para o experimento com videira, o fungicida padrão utilizado foi o Mancozeb. No experimento em campo com o feijoeiro foram avaliados: severidade de antracnose, mancha angular e crestamento bacteriano, atividade das enzimas peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT) e polifenoloxidase (PPO) e componentes de produção. Na cultura da videira foram realizados testes in vitro com o fungo Elsinoe ampelina, em discos de folha foram avaliados a severidade e esporulação de Plasmopora viticola, nas estacas foram avaliados a severidade de míldio e a fluorescência da clorofila a. O EA nas maiores concentrações (10 e 20%) possui atividade indutora de fitoalexinas e para a ativação de peroxidases, o extrato incrementa a atividade desta enzima até uma concentração de 10%. O EA na concentração de 20% não reduziu a severidade da antracnose em feijoeiro, no entanto, aumentou os níveis de atividade das enzimas POX, CAT e PPO, as quais compensaram o estresse causado pelo ataque do fitopatógeno, aumentando a produtividade do feijoeiro. Em videira, o EA não apresentou efeito antimicrobiano direto no crescimento micelial, esporulação e germinação de esporos de Elsinoe ampelina, nem sobre Plasmopora viticola em discos de folha. Nas estacas, a concentração de 5% reduziu a AACPD, além de aumentar o F‟v/F‟m e o YII. O EA de L. edodes possui potencial no controle do míldio em estacas de videira.

La berenjena se cultiva de manera convencional en la región Caribe colombiana, con una alta demanda de insumos agrícolas. No se reporta aún la implementación del manejo ecológico del cultivo para mejorar la competitividad de este sistema de producción. Ante esta problemática, se evaluó el efecto de la fertilización con abonos orgánicos sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de la berenjena Solanum melongena L. en el valle medio del río Sinú. El experimento se realizó en el primer semestre de 2013 en el área experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad de Córdoba, con diseño de bloques completos aleatorizados con seis tratamientos: lombriabono, compost, lixiviado de humus de lombriz, mezcla (lombriabono, compost y lixiviado de humus de lombriz), fertilización convencional con nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio (NPK) y testigo (sin fertilización) y tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron las características días a floración y a cosecha, altura de planta, diámetro del tallo, área foliar, número de frutos por planta, peso de fruto, firmeza de fruto y rendimiento. El Análisis de Varianza mostró diferencias significativas en días a floración, encontrándose que las plantas fertilizadas con lombriabono fueron más precoces. No se observaron diferencias significativas en días a cosecha, altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, área foliar, número de frutos por planta, peso de fruto y rendimiento. La fertilización convencional con NPK y el compost registraron las mayores tasas mínimas de retorno marginal, por lo que el uso del compost es una buena alternativa de fertilización sostenible. Eggplant is conventionally cultivated in the Colombian Caribbean region, with high demand for agricultural inputs. The implementation of ecological crop management is not reported. Facing this problem, the effect of fertilization with organic manures on growth and yield of eggplant Solanum melongena L. crop was evaluated, in the middle valley of the Sinú River, in Córdoba, Colombia. The experiment was conducted in the first semester of 2013 in the experimental area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidad de Córdoba, with a randomized complete block design, with six treatments: compost, vermicompost, worm-humus leachate, mixture (compost, vermicompost and worm- humus leachate), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilization, and a control (without fertilization) and three replicates. Characteristics regarding days to flowering and harvest, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit firmness, and yield were evaluated. The analysis of variance showed significant differences in days to flowering, finding that plants fertilized with worm composting were more precocious. No significant differences in days to harvest, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, and yield were observed. NPK fertilization and compost had the highest minimum rates of marginal return, thus, compost use is a good alternative for sustainable fertilization.

En este trabajo se discute sobre el sentido tradicional del término gerencia con la finalidad de construir un concepto más próximo a la experiencia reciente de lo que acontece con el movimiento social emergente de empresas recuperadas por parte de los trabajadores en Argentina después de la crisis de los años 70 en adelante. En ellas está naciendo un nuevo tipo de gerencia desarrollada por los propios trabajadores en el contexto del movimiento de empresas recuperadas sobre la base de una muestra de dichas empresas. Se trata de una investigación etnográfica, sociológica y coproductiva que vertebra tres ejes analíticos: poder, saber y cooperación. Se concluye que las empresas recuperadas redescubren dimensiones ocultas de la gerencia tradicional lo que hace que adquieran mayor plasticidad y creatividad a partir del colectivo, cuando éste asume su identidad como colectivo antitaylorista In this paper we discuss the traditional sense of the term management in order to construct a more appropriate concept in relation to recent experience in the emerging social movements to recover businesses on the part of their workers in Argentina after the crisis of the 1970s. In these movements a new type of management is emerging on the part of their work force within the context of a movement to recover businesses based on a sampling of the same. This is ethnographic, sociological and co-productive research that is articulated along three tangents: power, knowledge and cooperation. The conclusion is that the recovered businesses discovered hidden dimensions in traditional management, which makes it more plastic and creative based on the collective aspect, when it assumes its identity as an anti-Taylorist collective

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial inseticida de Piper nigrum L. (pimenta do reino), Ruta graveolens L. (arruda), Laurus nobilis L. (louro), Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry (cravo da índia), Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (mastruz), Piper tuberculatum Jaqc. (pimenta de macaco), Tagetes erecta L. (cravo de defunto), Cymbopogon nardus L. (citronela) e Melissa officinalis L. (erva cidreira) sobre Z. subfasciatus Boh. através dos testes de confinamento, onde os insetos foram confinados durante cinco dias em um recipiente contendo dez grãos de feijão-fava com 0,3 g do pó da planta a ser testada, e, com chance de escolha por meio de uma arena circular, os insetos tiveram a possibilidade de escolha entre grãos com os pós e a testemunha, grãos sem pó das plantas. Observou-se que houve plantas que atuaram como inseticida, outras que repeliram o inseto e não causaram a morte, e outras, que além de repelir também mataram os insetos quando em contato (cravo da índia e matruz). Concluímos que: P. nigrum, P. tuberculatum, S. aromaticum e C. ambrosioides são tóxicas à Z. subfasciatus causando-lhes a morte, L. nobilis, T. erecta, e C. nardus não apresentaram efeito tóxico sobre Z. subfasciatus, C. ambrosioides, S. aromaticum, e C. nardus são repelentes à Z. subfasciatus; P. nigrum, P. tuberculatum, e T. erecta são neutras, e que M. officinalis não apresentou nenhum efeito sobre Z. subfasciatus em relação aos parâmetros avaliados. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the insecticidal potential of Piper nigrum L., Ruta graveolens L., Laurus nobilis L., Syzygium aromaticum Merr. & L.M.Perry., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Piper tuberculatum Jaqc., Tagetes erecta L., Cymbopogon nardus L. and Melissa officinalis L. against Zabrotes subfasciatus by free choice, in which, by means of a circular arena, insects had a choice, treatments with or without powder and no choice tests, where insects were confined for five days in a container containing ten grains of lima beans with 0.3 g of powder to be tested. It was observed that some plants have killed the insect while others just repelled the insect, causing no harm to it. Also, one of the studied plants repelled and killed the insects (S. aromaticum, C. ambrosioides and P. tuberculatum). We can conclude that: P. nigrum, P. tuberculatum, S. aromaticum e C. ambrosioides are toxic to the Z. subfasciatus, causing its death. L. nobilis, T. erecta e C. nardus do not present any toxic effect over Z. subfasciatus. C. ambrosioides, S. aromaticum e C. nardus are repellent to Z. subfasciatus. P. nigrum, P. tuberculatum e T. erecta are neutral and M. officinalis have presented no effects over Z. subfasciatus in relation to the parameters evaluated.

Submitted by repositorio ufvjm (repositorio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-20T12:10:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-69162012000400015.pdf: 177263 bytes, checksum: f768682c996b1c959abb3c3b3fa37b16 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-03-09T17:19:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) S0100-69162012000400015.pdf: 177263 bytes, checksum: f768682c996b1c959abb3c3b3fa37b16 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T17:19:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) S0100-69162012000400015.pdf: 177263 bytes, checksum: f768682c996b1c959abb3c3b3fa37b16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos da aduba??o nitrogenada na forma de cama sobreposta de su?no sobre os atributos de um Neossolo Quartzar?nico. O composto org?nico utilizado foi a cama sobreposta, feita com casca-de-arroz, proveniente de uma granja comercial de su?nos em sistema de termina??o. As amostras de cama sobreposta foram retiradas em v?rios pontos da instala??o, visando a obter-se amostra composta representativa, ap?s o que foi fracionada em peneira de 2,0 mm e submetida a uma compostagem adicional de 50 dias. Na sequ?ncia, foram realizadas an?lises de valor agron?mico. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos constitu?ram-se das dosagens de 0; 75; 150 e 300 mg dm-3 de N na forma de cama sobreposta, bem como um tratamento adicional com sulfato de am?nio na dose de 150 mg dm-3 de N. O per?odo experimental em casa de vegeta??o foi de 45 dias, onde se cultivou o solo com milho. Finalizado o experimento, procedeu-se a nova an?lise dos atributos do solo. Pelos resultados obtidos, notou-se que a aduba??o org?nica com cama sobreposta proporcionou aumentos significativos nos teores de pot?ssio, na soma de bases, na CTC efetiva, na CTC a pH 7,0 e na porcentagem de satura??o por bases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the nitrogen fertilization in the form of swine deep bed in the properties of a quartz-sand neosol. The organic compound used was the deep bed made with rice hulls, from a commercial swine finishing system farm. Deep bed samples have been collected at various points in the installation in order to obtain a representative composite sample which has been fractionated in a 2.0 mm sieve and submitted to a 50-day maturation period. Then, agronomic value analyses were done. The experimental design was completely randomized. The treatments consisted of 0; 75; 150 and 300 mg dm-3 of N doses of deep bed as well as an additional treatment with ammonium sulfate at a 150 mg dm-3 of N. The experimental period in the greenhouse was 45 days, where the soil was cultivated with maize. After the experiment completion, further soil properties analyses were done. From the results, it was noted that the organic fertilization with deep bed provided a significant increase in the levels of potassium, in the sum of the bases, in the effective CEC, in the CEC at pH 7.0 and in the percentage of saturation.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:05:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:05:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:09:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-05722012000100011.pdf: 334204 bytes, checksum: 99de7592d445a9242540b2007c9c5a7d (MD5) S1516-05722012000100011.pdf.txt: 30849 bytes, checksum: 4f79dcd49abeafe8e8f65c17d3e2734d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Bemisia tabaci biótipo B é um dos principais insetos-praga na cultura da abobrinha (Cucurbita pepo L.). O manejo dessa mosca-branca tornou-se grande desafio aos agricultores, uma vez que esta apresenta rápida capacidade de desenvolver resistência a diferentes classes de inseticidas. Como alternativa vem sendo investigado o uso de extratos vegetais com atividades inseticida e/ou insetistática, os quais têm revelado resultados promissores no combate a inseto. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os possíveis efeitos de sete extratos provenientes de cinco espécies vegetais, Ruta graveolens L. (folhas), Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (folhas + ramos), Trichilia pallida Swartz (ramos), T. pallida (folhas), A. indica (amêndoas), Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (inflorescências + ramos+ folhas) e Mentha pulegium L. (folhas), sobre Bemisia tabaci biótipo B em abobrinha, por meio de testes de repelência e deterrência para oviposição. em teste com chance de escolha, avaliou-se a atratividade e determinou-se o índice de repelência após 6, 24 e 48 horas da aplicação dos extratos. A oviposição foi verificada após a terceira contagem do número de adultos. O extrato à base de folhas de M. pulegium mostrou repelência e deterrência à oviposição de B. tabaci biótipo B, podendo ser recomendado como alternativa para o manejo do inseto. Bemisia tabaci biotype B is one of the main pests in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). The management of this whitefly has become a major challenge to growers, since they have the ability to quickly develop resistance to different classes of insecticides. Alternatively, the use of plant extracts with insecticide and/or insectistatic activities has been investigated, showing promising results for the whitefly control. The present study evaluated the possible effects of seven extracts from five plant species, Ruta graveolens L. (leaves), Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (leaves + branches), Trichilia pallida Swartz (branches), T. pallida (leaves), A. indica (almonds), Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (inflorescence + leaves + branches) and Mentha pulegium L. (leaves) on Bemisia tabaci biotype B in squash, by assays of repellence and oviposition deterrence. In free choice tests, the attractiveness and determination of the rate of repellence (with 6, 24 and 48 hours after application of the extracts) were evaluated. The oviposition was observed after the third counting of the number of adults. The extract of leaves of M. pulegium showed repellence and oviposition deterrence to B. tabaci biotype B and may be recommended as an alternative in the insect management. UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômica Departamento de Produção Vegetal - Defesa Fitossanitária UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômica Departamento de Produção Vegetal - Defesa Fitossanitária

Feed chemical and kinetic composition and animal performance information was used to evaluate productivity limitations and potentials of dual-purpose member herds of the Genesis farmer organization of central coastal Veracruz, Mexico. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model (Version 6.0) was systematically applied to specific groups of cows in structured simulations to establish probable input–output relationships for typical management, and to estimate probable outcomes from alternative management based on forage-based dietary improvements. Key herd vulnerabilities were pinpointed: chronic energy deficits among dry cows of all ages in late gestation and impeded growth for immature cows. Regardless of the forage season of calving, most cows, if not all, incur energy deficits in the final trimester of gestation; thus reducing the pool of tissue energy and constraining milking performance. Under typical management, cows are smaller and underweight for their age, which limits feed intake capacity, milk production and the probability of early postpartum return to ovarian cyclicity. The substitution of good-quality harvested forage for grazing increased predicted yields by about one-third over typical scenarios for underweight cows. When diets from first parturition properly supported growth and tissue repletion, milk production in second and third lactations was predicted to improve about 60%. Judiciously supplemented diets based on good quality grass and legume forages from first calving were predicted to further increase productivity by about 80% across a three-lactation cow lifetime. These dual-purpose herd owners have large incentives to increase sales income by implementing nutritional strategies like those considered in this study.

(VF)Les hedge funds mettent généralement en avant une politique dite d'«absolute return». Mais rendement absolu ne signifie pas absence de références. Ainsi, les indices de hedge funds ont connu une croissance importante au cours des années passés, reflétant à la fois la croissance générale de l’industrie des hedge funds et le renforcement de la position des indices par rapport à d’autres véhicules d’investissement, tels que les fonds de fonds. L’objectif de cet article est double : le premier est de mettre en évidence le problème de choix d’indices lorsqu’on décide d’investir dans un hedge funds. Le second est de montrer, pour une stratégie donnée, l’impact du changement de base de données et de l’application des mesures alternatives sur le classement des indices. Dans notre étude, nous utilisons 18 mesures de performance pour évaluer la performance de cinq indices provenant de quatre fournisseurs différents.Nos résultats montrent que les indices d’une même stratégie de hedge fund diffèrent dans leur composition d’un fournisseur de données à l’autre. Par conséquent, ils offrent des performances disparates mettant l’investisseur face au choix non seulement de la stratégie d’investissement mais aussi de la base de données permettant de mesurer la performance des hedge funds. Ainsi, cet article confirme qu’il n’existe pas d’indice universel pouvant représenter le monde des hedge funds et particulièrement leurs stratégies.(VA)Hedge funds fall into the category of « absolute return ». But absolute return does not mean lack of references. Thus, hedge funds indices have grown significantly over the past years, reflecting both the overall growth of the hedge fund industry and strengthening the position of the indices relative to other investment vehicles such as funds of funds.The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to highlight the problem of selecting indexes if we decide to invest in hedge funds. The second is to show the impact of the Index Provider on the strategy performance. In our study, we use 18 performance measures to evaluate the performance of five indices from four different index providers.Our results show that the indices of a single strategy hedge fund are different in their composition of a data provider to another. Therefore, they offer the investor putting disparate performance across a choice not only of the strategy in which to invest but also the index provider. Thus, this paper confirms that there is no universal index that can represent the world of hedge funds and in particular strategies indices.

O setor suinícola brasileiro vem sofrendo severas críticas em virtude da poluição, sobretudo hídrica, constatada nas regiões de maior concentração animal, colocando sob questionamento o modelo produtivo atualmente adotado. Dentro deste contexto, o sistema de criação em cama sobreposta surge como alternativa promissora, uma vez que reduz os riscos de contaminação pela conversão do manejo dos dejetos da fase líquida para a sólida, possibilitando a produção de um composto orgânico comercial que pode gerar renda extra ou viabilizar, na propriedade de origem, a consorciação com a agricultura orgânica. Neste trabalho se avaliou a concentração de macronutrientes (N, P, K), cobre e zinco, na maravalha de quatro baias em uma unidade de produção de cama sobreposta no decorrer de 8 lotes com 70 animais. Cada baia alojou, durante 35 dias, os animais em diferentes fases (idade de entrada: creche = 21, B1 = 56, B2 = 91 e B3 = 126 dias). Os resultados mostraram que as concentrações médias de nutrientes das camas atendem às exigências da legislação vigente para fertilizante orgânico simples. A concentração de zinco na cama da creche é cerca de 5 vezes maior que nas demais baias, demonstrando a influência da dieta na composição final do composto. The swine production industry in Brazil has been severely criticized due to pollution, mainly in water, that has been noticed in regions where swine production is concentrated. This fact puts in question the current production model. Deep bedding system for swine production appears as a promising alternative, because it reduces the risks of contamination by converting manure management from liquid to solid phase. Additionally, it makes possible the production of organic compost, which can generate extra income or can be applied in the same farm to implement an organic agricultural production. This study evaluated the increase of macronutrients, copper and zinc concentrations in wood shavings used as a substrate in four stalls during a period when 8 groups of 70 animals were raised. Each stall had animals installed during 35 days, according to their age of entrance (nursery = 21, S1 = 56, S2 = 91 and S3 = 126 days). Results have shown that average concentrations of nutrients in beds are in compliance with legislation for simple organic fertilizer. The concentration of zinc in the nursery bed was about 5 times higher than other stalls, which shows the influence of diet on the composition of the compost.

Metadata only record Pour mieux consolider les acquis consensuels pour la gestion alternative des conflits, il nous paraît essentiel de maîtriser un certain nombre de facteurs ayant trait au "partage" des gommeraies entre autres: Available in SANREM office, FS