468 results on '"echelle"'
Search Results
2. Infrared Channel of the Driada Spectrometer for Greenhouse-Gas Measurement from Space.
- Author
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Trokhimovskiy, A. Yu., Korablev, O. I., Ivanov, Yu. S., Patrakeev, A. S., Fedorova, A. A., Dzyuban, I. A., Druzhin, V. V., Poluarshinov, M. A., and Smirnov, Yu. V.
- Subjects
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EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *SPECTROMETERS , *GREENHOUSE gases , *MEASUREMENT , *AEROSOLS - Abstract
The concept of a high aperture near-infrared cross-dispersion echelle-spectrometer is presented for greenhouse gases remote measurements from space. This task is of a global nature, industrial and household emissions are anthropogenic sources of greenhouse-gas emissions. In recent years, average levels of carbon (CO2) and methane (CH4) have continued to increase, reaching levels of 410 ppm and 1877 ppb, respectively, to date. Obtaining objective information about the state of the carbon balance in the atmosphere is possible only with the use of space-based instruments. The Driada instrument consists of three channels. The main one is a high-resolution spectrometer for the 1.4- to 1.67-μm wavelength range and is designed to measure CO2 absorption lines at 1.58 and 1.6 μm, CH4 lines at 1.65 μm, and a number of H2O lines. Two additional channels are designed to measure the O2 band at 0.76 μm and aerosol characterization. The scientific tasks and key parameters of the main infrared channel are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Clashing Scales and Accelerated Change: Two Cases from Norway.
- Author
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HYLLAND ERIKSEN, THOMAS
- Subjects
GLOBALIZATION ,NATURAL disasters ,WETLANDS ,MUDSLIDES - Abstract
Copyright of Social Anthropology / Anthropologie Sociale is the property of Berghahn Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Smallness and Small-device Heuristics: Scaling Fog Catchers Down and Up in Lima, Peru.
- Author
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OJANI, CHAKAD
- Subjects
WATER supply ,FOG ,NEIGHBORHOODS ,WATER utilities - Abstract
Copyright of Social Anthropology / Anthropologie Sociale is the property of Berghahn Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Upgrades to the MAVEN Echelle Data Reduction Pipeline: New Calibration Standard and Improved Faint Emission Detection Algorithm at Lyman‐α.
- Author
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Mayyasi, M., Clarke, J., Bertaux, J.‐L., Deighan, J., Bhattacharyya, D., Chaffin, M., Jain, S., Schneider, N., and Curry, S.
- Subjects
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DATA reduction , *MARTIAN atmosphere , *SYNCOPE , *ULTRAVIOLET spectrometers , *CALIBRATION , *SPECTROGRAPHS - Abstract
The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission instrument suite includes an ultraviolet echelle spectrograph with high‐spectral resolution designed to resolve D and H Lyman‐α emissions. The high‐spectral resolution mode was previously characterized in the lab and in the cruise phase to Mars and had been calibrated using observations and models of interplanetary hydrogen Lyman‐α emissions. This work presents improved characterizations of the high‐spectral resolution mode using in‐orbit observations that allow for more robust detections of the faint D Lyman‐α emission line. Additionally, the instrument was re‐calibrated using simultaneous and comparable observations made with the Hubble Space Telescope high‐spectral resolution instrument. Comparisons to Lyman‐α observations made with the low‐resolution UV channel on the spectrometer, that had been calibrated with stars, showed consistency in the brightness values for measurements obtained at similar observational conditions. The combined upgrades to the faint‐emission fitting and new calibration techniques of the MAVEN echelle channel have resulted in an improved data‐reduction pipeline with favorable implications for the science utility of D and H Lyman‐α emissions. Plain Language Summary: The MAVEN high resolution echelle (ECH) instrument has been used to observe ultraviolet emissions from Mars. Measurements made with MAVEN/ECH were made available to the public by using a data reduction pipeline that had been developed with in‐lab and theoretical analysis to convert observations into a form that was useable by the broader scientific community. Since MAVEN's orbit insertion in 2014, the ECH detector has been better characterized with lessons learned from in‐orbit performance. These improvements produced a new data reduction pipeline that has enhanced the detection of faint D Lyman‐α emissions that are critical to interpreting water loss from the upper atmosphere of Mars. Key Points: MAVEN/ECH uses HST/STIS, the only other UV echelle instrument deployed to space, for calibration and independent verificationThe MAVEN/ECH data reduction algorithm has been upgraded to improve detection of faint D Lyman‐α emissionsThe scientific implications of this work include doubling the previous data set of D measurements available for reliable interpretation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. 'Every Person Counts': The Problem of Scale in Everyday Humanitarianism.
- Author
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FECHTER, ANNE-MEIKE
- Subjects
HUMANITARIANISM ,SOCIAL change ,THEORY of knowledge ,ETHICS ,SOCIAL development - Abstract
Copyright of Social Anthropology / Anthropologie Sociale is the property of Berghahn Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Upgrades to the MAVEN Echelle Data Reduction Pipeline: New Calibration Standard and Improved Faint Emission Detection Algorithm at Lyman‐α
- Author
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M. Mayyasi, J. Clarke, J.‐L. Bertaux, J. Deighan, D. Bhattacharyya, M. Chaffin, S. Jain, N. Schneider, and S. Curry
- Subjects
UV ,spectrograph ,echelle ,Mars ,MAVEN ,Astronomy ,QB1-991 ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Abstract The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission instrument suite includes an ultraviolet echelle spectrograph with high‐spectral resolution designed to resolve D and H Lyman‐α emissions. The high‐spectral resolution mode was previously characterized in the lab and in the cruise phase to Mars and had been calibrated using observations and models of interplanetary hydrogen Lyman‐α emissions. This work presents improved characterizations of the high‐spectral resolution mode using in‐orbit observations that allow for more robust detections of the faint D Lyman‐α emission line. Additionally, the instrument was re‐calibrated using simultaneous and comparable observations made with the Hubble Space Telescope high‐spectral resolution instrument. Comparisons to Lyman‐α observations made with the low‐resolution UV channel on the spectrometer, that had been calibrated with stars, showed consistency in the brightness values for measurements obtained at similar observational conditions. The combined upgrades to the faint‐emission fitting and new calibration techniques of the MAVEN echelle channel have resulted in an improved data‐reduction pipeline with favorable implications for the science utility of D and H Lyman‐α emissions.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Textbook dune: Is there a representative and scale‐invariant beach‐dune profile?
- Author
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Houser, Chris, Smith, Alex, Lunardi, Brianna, George, Elizabeth, and Lehner, Jacob
- Subjects
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SAND dunes , *BEACHES , *SEDIMENT control , *SEDIMENT transport , *CONCEPTUAL models , *TEXTBOOKS - Abstract
The Coastal Dune Model, used to examine controls on dune development and evolution, includes negative feedback between the wind and the evolving topography that results in a scale‐invariant beach‐dune profile. While a limited number of reference profiles appear to support the Coastal Dune Model assumption of scale‐invariance, previously published studies and conceptual models suggest that the beach‐dune profile is not scale‐invariant. Using a combination of journal articles, textbooks, and remotely sensed data from Prince Edward Island, Washington state, and Texas, this short communication finds that there is no evidence for a scale‐invariant beach‐dune profile within and between field sites. Variability in the beach‐dune profile is due to site‐specific and scale‐dependent controls on the beach and the dune that are often highlighted in the conceptual models that authors use to depict the controls on sediment supply and transport from the beach to the dune. Results highlight a need to critically evaluate the assumptions and applications of models such as the Coastal Dune Model, and to explore how and when sites can be considered representative and in support of model results. Key Messages: There is no scale‐invariant beach‐dune profile as assumed in recent models.Beach‐dune profiles vary in response to site‐specific and scale‐dependent controls on sediment supply and transport.Further study is required to determine how and when sites can be considered representative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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9. Milieu et architecture entre association et dissociation. Cas du Maroc.
- Author
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Sedreddine, Mouna
- Subjects
ARCHITECTURAL design ,HUMAN settlements ,LANGUAGE & languages ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,DIALOGUE - Abstract
Copyright of African & Mediterranean Journal of Architecture & Urbanism (AMJAU) is the property of Ecole Nationale d'Architecture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
10. Validation en arabe littéraire chez les militaires tunisiens de la Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder checklist for DSM-5.
- Author
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Brahim, Chaker Bencheikh, El Kefi, Hamdi, Awissawi, Ameni, Kabtni, Wafa, Baatout, Abir, Bouizouita, Imen, Bouguerra, Chaker, Eddif, Sami, and Oumaya, Abdelaziz
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POST-traumatic stress disorder , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *RECRUITING & enlistment (Armed Forces) , *MILITARY hospitals - Abstract
Introduction: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a topical issue due to the increase in armed conflicts and terrorist attacks in recent decades. The PCL-5 scale is used to screen and monitor patients with PTSD. The aim of our work was to validate a literary Arabic version of this scale on a population of Tunisian soldiers. Methods: the translation of the PCL-5 scale into Tunisian literary Arabic was performed according to the back-translation technique described by Werner and Campbell and recommended by Brislin. Cross-cultural validation was conducted in 7 steps according to Vallerand's method. Data collection was conducted at the psychiatry department of the Military Hospital of Tunis from February 2019 to December 2020. Results: we recruited 300 military personnel, 150 of whom were followed for PTSD. Cronbach's alpha was 0.98 indicating good internal consistency. The study of inter-item correlations revealed a total Spearman index of 0.75. This index indicates a good homogeneity of the translated scale items. Construct validity was checked using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index (K-M-O) and Bartlett's test of sphericity. The latter was significant (p<0.000), and the K-M-O index was 0.969, indicating that the correlations between the items were of good quality. Conclusion: our study showed that the Arabic version of the PCL-5 scale has satisfactory psychometric properties comparable to those of the original version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Gestión de la pandemia a múltiples escalas: tensiones entre centro y periferia.
- Author
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Trimano, Luciana, de Abrantes, Lucía, and Greene, Ricardo
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,GOVERNMENT policy ,ETHNOLOGY ,FRICTION ,VIRTUES ,CORRIDORS (Ecology) - Abstract
Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Les catégories métriques en sémiotique
- Author
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Tiziana Migliore and Marion Colas-Blaise
- Subjects
échelle ,format ,forme ,taille ,poids ,volume ,Social Sciences ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Abstract
Le présent article cherche à ériger le format, qui est inhérent à la forme modalisée par l’espace et le modalisant en retour, en catégorie d’analyse. Il s’agit de décrire les manifestations du format : la taille (maxi et mini, macro et micro), le volume, la masse et le poids. L’attention se porte sur les (dis)proportions et les changements d’échelle ainsi que sur les effets produits sur une instance non seulement perceptivo-cognitive, mais sensible. Plus particulièrement, l’article s’interroge sur le sublime, sur le kitsch et sur le monstrueux, en dégageant un soubassement axiologique, en fonction d’esthétiques spécifiques.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA PARA EVALUAR LA INTELIGENCIA ORGANIZACIONAL.
- Author
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LOZANO OVIEDO, JONATHAN
- Subjects
INSTITUTIONAL environment ,INSTITUTIONAL characteristics ,CORPORATE culture ,OPERATIONS management ,WORK environment ,VALUATION - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Criterio Libre is the property of Revista Criterio Libre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
14. The SALT HRS Spectrograph
- Author
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Tyas, Luke Martin Graham
- Subjects
621.36 ,SALT HRS ,echelle ,high resolution spectroscopy ,optical fibre ,focal ratio degradation ,FRD ,cosmic rays ,volume phase holographic gratings ,VPHG ,astronomical instrumentation - Abstract
SALT HRS (Southern African Large Telescope High Resolution Échelle Spectrograph) is a high-resolution, high-efficiency spectrograph for the 11m SALT telescope in Sutherland, South Africa. The initial optical design work was performed at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Revisions to the concept, the mechanical design, manufacture, assembly and testing have been handled by the Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, at Durham University in the United Kingdom. SALT HRS is a fibre-fed echelle grating spectrograph with four operational modes: low-, medium- and high-resolution and high-stability modes, having spectral resolutions of R ≈16000, 37000, 67000 and 67000 respectively over a wavelength range of 370-890nm. The instrument is of a dual channel, ‘white pupil’ design, in which the primary mirror acts to collimate light onto a single R4 echelle grating, and also to focus dispersed light to an intermediate focus. A dichroic beam-splitter separates the dispersed light into two separate spectral channels. Spherical pupil mirrors transfer the separated beams via a fold mirror to two wavelength-specific volume-phase holographic gratings (VPHGs) used as cross-dispersers. Cross-dispersed spectra are then imaged by two fully dioptric camera systems onto optimized CCD detectors. This thesis presents the results of the laboratory testing and specification of several critical sub-systems of SALT HRS, as well as the development of key software tools for the design verification and operation at the telescope. In Chapter 1 we first review the technical development of high-resolution spectroscopy and its specific implementation in SALT HRS. In Chapter 2 we develop a comprehensive throughput model of the entire system based on a combination of as-built performance and specific throughput measurements in the laboratory. This is used to make some specific predictions for the on-sky performance of SALT HRS and the magnitude limits for science targets. We also present a graphical exposure time calculator based on these measurements which can be used by an astronomer to plan their observations with SALT HRS. Chapter 3 contains a detailed treatise on the optical fibre system of SALT HRS. Considerations for the use of optical fibres in astronomy are provided, as are details of an optional double scrambler, and the various instrument fibre modes. Extensive measurements of focal ratio degradation (FRD) are also presented, with testing of input beam speed; wavelength; fibre bending; variable pupil mirror illumination; and vacuum tank pressure dependency. The systems for fibre management are reviewed, as is the fibre bundle assembly process. Testing of two further sub-systems is described in Chapter 4. Firstly the long-term stability of the mirror mounting mechanisms is determined. The advantages of cross-dispersion of echelle spectra using volume-phase holographic gratings are then discussed, and the results of diffraction efficiency measurements are given for both red and blue channel gratings. Modern CCD technologies are examined in Chapter 5, and the blue detector is experimentally characterized using photon transfer and quantum efficiency curves. It is also used for an investigation into cosmic ray events in CCDs. Results from shielding the detector using lead are described, as is an attempt to distinguish the source of the events based on their morphology. Finally, Chapter 6 deals with the handling of data produced by SALT HRS. Methods of wavelength calibration of the spectra are discussed, including the use of Thorium-Argon lamps and an iodine absorption cell. The implementation of a Python based quick-look data reduction pipeline is reviewed, with a description of the processes performed. A summary of the thesis is given in Chapter 7.
- Published
- 2012
15. Empowering Saudi women in higher educational institutions: Development and validation of a novel women empowerment scale.
- Author
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Al-Qahtani, Awad M., Elgzar, Wafaa T., Ibrahim, Heba A., and Sayed, Hanan A. El
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EXPERIMENTAL design ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,META-analysis ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,SELF-perception ,SELF-efficacy ,TEST validity ,FACTOR analysis ,INTRACLASS correlation ,STATISTICAL correlation ,DATA analysis software ,HEALTH promotion ,WOMEN'S health - Abstract
Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Élaboration et processus de validation de l’Échelle d’évaluation des difficultés aux études de cycles supérieurs (EDECS) : étude préliminaire
- Author
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Lian Boulet, France Landry, and Georgette Goupil
- Subjects
difficultés ,cycles supérieurs ,échelle ,processus de validation ,challenges ,graduate studies ,scale ,validation process ,dificuldades ,ciclos superiores ,escala ,processo de validação ,Education - Abstract
Plusieurs étudiants de cycles supérieurs rencontrent des défis dans leur cheminement scolaire pour lesquels ils consultent des services de soutien à l’université. Cette étude a d’abord pour but de réaliser une recension des principales difficultés rencontrées. Une classification de ces dernières, par analyse de contenu, en dégage neuf thèmes. À partir de cette classification préliminaire, l’Échelle d’évaluation des difficultés aux études de cycles supérieurs (EDECS) a été construite à l’intention des services de soutien. L’analyse factorielle exploratoire de l’EDECS auprès de 500 étudiants a regroupé les neuf thèmes de difficultés en quatre sous-échelles, modifiant ainsi la première classification. La stabilité temporelle de l’EDECS a été évaluée grâce à la méthode du test-retest auprès de 188 des participants. Diverses preuves de validité (contenu, structure interne et corrélation entre variables) ont été obtenues. La conclusion offre des suggestions pour l’utilisation de l’EDECS par les services de soutien aux étudiants et discute des considérations cliniques.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Psychometric properties of the Academic Major Satisfaction Scale (AMSS) in Brazilian College Students.
- Author
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Silva Soares, Ana Karla, da Silva Nascimento, Bruna, Silvestre da Silva, Jacqueline, da Cruz Serejo Barbosa, Nataly, and Fernandes Kamazaki, Daniely
- Subjects
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RELIABILITY in engineering , *EXPLORATORY factor analysis , *GENDER , *PSYCHOMETRICS - Abstract
Academic satisfaction has been studied from different perspectives that considerate distinct ways of measurement. However, the plurality of evaluated facets prevents a more parsimonious assessment of the general students' academic satisfaction. In the article, we aimed to provide psychometric evidence of the validity and reliability for the AMSS in Brazil in two studies (N = 893). In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis and item parameters (Item Response Theory) support the one-factor solution and the suitability of the six items. Moreover, evidence for factorial invariance across gender and convergent validity with the PANAS and with the SWLS was also presented in Study 2. In conclusion, the present paper provides evidence of the adequacy of the AMSS to evaluate global satisfaction with the academics course in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Cli-fi : une mosaïque globale
- Author
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Abbott, Carl, Ameel, Lieven, Bréan, Simon, Fevry, Sébastien, and Langlet, Irène
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narrative ,théorie des genres ,Holland (Cecelia) ,non human ,melancholy ,écologie ,tag ,folksonomie ,planification urbaine ,urgence ,genre theory ,emergency ,mélancolie ,global ,allégorie ,Bacigalupi (Paolo) ,cli-fi ,dystopie ,polyphony ,échelle ,micro-narration ,allegory ,dystopia ,réseaux sociaux ,agentivité ,Rich (Nathaniel) ,end of the world ,futur ,ecology ,digital humanities ,social cataloging ,fin du monde ,future ,crise climatique ,littéral ,social media ,enquête ,urban planning ,scale ,climate crisis ,climate fiction ,catastrophe ,derangement ,non humain ,humanités numériques ,fiction climatique ,Ligny (Jean-Marc) ,investigation ,culture numérique ,Vaye Watkins (Claire) ,Smith (David Alexander) ,folksonomy ,récit ,polyphonie ,dérangement ,catalogage social ,Robinson (Kim Stanley) ,city ,literal ,agency ,ville ,Bloom (Dan) ,digital culture - Abstract
Faut-il définir la climate fiction, fiction climatique, cli-fi ? Ou plutôt l’éprouver et la pratiquer, dans la création comme dans la critique et la théorie ? Le comité scientifique du colloque La ville dans les fictions climatiques (2021) s’est prêté à l’exercice. Cinq brèves variations sont proposées ici : a) sur les formes narratives et les questions qu’elles permettent de poser en les incarnant dans les histoires ; b) sur le tournant émotionnel de l’urgence dans la cli-fi ; c) sur les échelles d’action qu’elle peut exprimer ; d) sur le remaillage intermédiatique qu’elle suscite (avec l’aide d’un sanglier) ; e) sur la catégorisation critique populaire ou spontanée qu’elle manifeste. Should we define climate fiction, cli-fi ? Or rather experience it and practice it, through creation as well as in criticism and theory ? The scientific committee of the symposium The City in Climate Fictions (2021) took part in the exercise. Five brief variations are proposed : a) on the narrative forms and the questions they raise by embodying them in the stories ; b) on the emotional turn of emergency in cli-fi ; c) on the scales of action it can express ; d) on the intermedial interlinking it generates (with the help of a wild boar) ; e) on the popular or spontaneous critical categorization it manifests.
- Published
- 2023
19. The End of the Farm? Thomas Hardy’s Agricultural Vision
- Author
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West, Anna
- Subjects
ecocriticism ,capitalisme ,ethics ,Nature ,environnement ,écologie ,scale ,green studies ,échelle ,études environnementales ,écocritique ,aesthetics ,éthique ,animal ,poetics ,ferme ,industrialisation ,capitalism ,ecology ,éco-critique ,farm ,esthétique ,poétique ,agriculture - Abstract
In his depictions of rural life in semi-fictional Wessex, Thomas Hardy has sometimes been charged with romanticising rural life and portraying the pastoral instead of the real. His characters frequently inhabit agricultural communities, which form the basis of their lives and livelihoods. In tension with the pastoral, romanticised village is the recognition of agriculture as a capitalist venture: Hardy’s writings capture the end of the old sense of land as a natural relative and the shift to land as an exploitable resource. With the industrialisation of agriculture in the late nineteenth century, the scale on which farming took place increased, both in the working of the land and in the raising of domesticated animals for consumption. This essay will attempt to mobilize a reading of Hardy’s agricultural vision in the context of changes to farming that have contributed to the current ecological crisis, with the goal of defamiliarizing the familiar concept of the farm by way of the alterity of the present – a present that has been in development for over 150 years. Hardy’s writings offer a dual perspective of the farm. Through one end of the telescope appears the sheep-shearing barn of Far from the Madding Crowd, a symbol of the farm’s enduring power as an entity transcending politics and religion, as steadfast as the human need for sustenance that drives an ongoing relationship with the soil, an image that feels familiar, close. Flip that telescope around, and one sees the weather-beaten barn that Jude climbs as a useful vantage point to look toward Christminster, an infinite distance between him and the farmland around him. Between these two barns, Hardy’s fiction depicts a moving picture of the emerging mismatch of functional scale between human and machine, the mechanisation of human and animal bodies – and the rendering of the landscape as an industrial resource and product – that launched a fundamental shift in what one might think of as the farm. Dans ses descriptions de la vie rurale de son “Wessex” semi-fictionnel, Thomas Hardy a parfois été accusé de verser dans le romantisme et la pastorale plutôt que de représenter le réel. Ses personnages vivent souvent dans des communautés sur lesquelles se fondent leur existence et leurs moyens de subsistance. Le village pastoral, romantique, est en opposition avec la reconnaissance de l’agriculture comme entreprise capitaliste : les textes de Hardy saisissent la fin de ce sentiment ancestral d’une parenté naturelle avec la terre et le passage à une vision de la terre comme ressource exploitable. En s’industrialisant à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle, l’agriculture va se pratiquer désormais sur une plus grande échelle, aussi bien pour le travail de la terre que pour l’élevage des animaux destinés à la consommation. Cet article propose une lecture de la vision de Hardy sur l’agriculture dans le contexte de mutations qui ont contribué à la crise écologique contemporaine, dans le but de défamiliariser le concept familier de la ferme en montrant l’altérité du présent — présent qui se développe depuis plus de cent-cinquante ans. Les écrits de Hardy donnent à voir une double perspective de la ferme. D’un côté apparaît la grange où sont tondus les moutons dans Far from the Madding Crowd, symbole de la persistance d’une image de la ferme comme une entité qui transcende la politique et la religion, aussi inébranlable que le besoin humain de se nourrir qui maintient une relation avec la terre – image qui paraît familière. Le point de vue inverse révèle la grange battue par les vents qu’escalade Jude pour contempler Christminster au loin, une distance infinie le séparant de la terre agricole qui l’entoure. Entre ces deux granges, la fiction de Hardy montre l’image en mouvement de l’émergence d’un désaccord fonctionnel entre l’humain et la machine, la mécanisation du corps des hommes et des animaux – et la transformation du paysage en ressource et produit industriels – qui ont lancé une mutation fondamentale de la ferme telle qu’on la conçoit.
- Published
- 2023
20. Escala de detección de olvidos. Una herramienta de rastrillaje para el deterioro cognitivo leve.
- Author
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Cervino, Cecilia, Crivelli, Lucia, Calandri, Ismael, and Allegri, Ricardo
- Subjects
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MILD cognitive impairment , *MONTREAL Cognitive Assessment , *COGNITION disorders , *MEMORY disorders , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
The prevalence of memory disorders in adulthood requires sensitive, specific and quick administration screenings instruments for the detection of cognitive impairment. Objective: To establish the validation of EDO, a brief questionnaire to be completed by the patient's informant, which serves to detect subjects with mild cognitive impairment. It is an instrument that can be administered in a simple manner and has the advantage of not needing the presence of the patient. The questionnaire has 10 quick response questions to be used in the clinic. Methods: 44 patients with mild cognitive impairment and 40 normal controls matched by age and educational level were evaluated with EDO and with an extensive Neuropsychological Battery. Results: Groups differed significantly in the EDO, MMSE (p <.001), CDR (p <.001) and RAVLT (p <.001). The EDO showed a significant correlation with the CDR (r = .524, p < .001), with RAVLT (r = -.551, p < .001) and with the FAQ (r = .705; p < .001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.835 and a cut-off score of 4 had a sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.78 to detect mild cognitive impairment. Conclusions: EDO is a fast and easy administration instrument with adequate psychometric properties to be used in MCI detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Transition des systèmes alimentaires dans les territoires : maintenir des liens aux lieux et articuler les échelles, du local à l’international
- Author
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Crosnier, Mathilde, Fleury, Philippe, and Raynaud, Emmanuel
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scale ,échelle ,système alimentaire ,food systems ,local ,coexistence ,socio-spatial arrangements ,hybridation ,hybridization ,arrangements socio-spatiaux - Abstract
Afin de contribuer à une transition vers des systèmes alimentaires plus durables et inclusifs, des recherches explorent les processus de transition dans les territoires, en considérant à la fois leurs acteurs et les espaces. Cet article y contribue en étudiant l’organisation géographique de systèmes cherchant à maintenir les atouts du local tout en en dépassant certaines limites. Il analyse les liens aux lieux de cinq entreprises inscrites dans des stratégies d’approvisionnement durable qui ne peuvent être entièrement satisfaites localement du fait de la diversité et des volumes de produits nécessaires. Il en ressort que des arrangements sont développés pour à la fois créer des liens physiques et symboliques hybrides entre les lieux et coordonner différentes échelles allant du local au global. Leur analyse détaillée offre des perspectives en matière de développement de systèmes alimentaires durables. To contribute to a transition to more sustainable and inclusive food systems, research explores transition processes in territories considering both their actors and spaces. This paper contributes to this by examining the geographical organisation of systems that seek to maintain the strengths of the local while overcoming some of its limits. The connections to places of five companies are analysed. These companies have sustainable sourcing strategies that cannot be fully satisfied locally due to the diversity and volumes of products required. It shows that arrangements are developed to both create hybrid physical and symbolic connections between places and coordinate different scales from local to global. Their detailed analysis provides innovative perspectives into the design of sustainable food systems.
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- 2022
22. Juridiction et échelle : les « technicités » juridiques comme ressources pour la théorie
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Mariana Valverde and Sandrine Brachotte
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interlégalité ,scale ,technicité juridique ,gouvernance ,échelle ,espace ,governance ,jurisdiction ,juridiction ,space ,legal technicalitie ,Microbiology ,interlegality - Abstract
Depuis les années 1980, les études critiques du droit et de l’espace ont montrés avec brio que les mécanismes juridiques pouvaient être compris en partie comme des exercices de cartographie. Des travaux relatifs à la question des échelles du droit (en particulier ceux utilisant un cadre d’études postcoloniales) ont approfondi les dimensions qualitatives et quantitatives du jeu des échelles juridiques, révélant ainsi certaines questions épistémologiques fondamentales. Cet article fait avancer la discussion en démontrant que les travaux théoriques sur les échelles géographiques (scale) – en dehors et à l’intérieur des études juridiques – pourraient bénéficier de l’étude de mécanismes spécifiquement juridiques tels que le chevauchement de plusieurs juridictions au sein d’une même échelle géographique (jurisdiction). Des travaux récents ont montré que ces juridictions suivent différents modes et rationalités de gouvernance qui coexistent ainsi au sein d’une même échelle géographique. À titre d’exemple, ce qu’on appelle aux États-Unis « le pouvoir policier de l’État » est brièvement discuté. Le fait que le point de vue de la science policière/de la réglementation policière n’est pas simplement géographiquement local, mais est plutôt spécifiquement urbain/municipal (au sein du niveau local), montre l’importance de comprendre les manœuvres complexes de gouvernance permises par le jeu des juridictions – en particulier si les travaux sur l’échelle et la juridiction sont alors complétés par une prise en compte des temporalités plurielles de la gouvernance, puisque la temporalité tend à devenir invisible à la fois dans les analyses qui privilégient l’espace et dans les schémas de gouvernance quelque peu statiques qui composent le jeu de la juridiction. Since the 1980 s, critical studies of law and space have fruitfully explored the insight that law’s mechanisms can be understood in part as mapping exercises. Existing work on law’s scales (especially that using a post-colonial studies frame) has delved into the qualitative as well as the quantitative dimensions of scale, thus exposing some key epistemological issues in law. This article moves the discussion forward by demonstrating that theoretical work on ‘scale’ – outside and inside legal studies – could benefit from studying specifically legal mechanisms such as ‘jurisdiction’. Recent work has shown that the various modes and rationalities of governance that coexist in every political-legal ‘interlegality’ are not necessarily tethered to any scale ; thus, exploring jurisdiction’s effects takes us beyond scale. As an example, the knowledge moves that constitute what in the USA is called ‘the police power of the state’ are briefly discussed. The fact that the gaze of police science/police regulation is not simply geographically local, but is rather specifically urban, shows the importance of understanding the complex governing manœuvres enabled by the legal game of jurisdiction – especially if work on ‘scale’ and jurisdiction is then supplemented by a consideration of the plural temporalities of governance, since temporality tends to become invisible both in analyses that privilege space and in the somewhat static diagrams of governance that make up the game of jurisdiction.
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- 2022
23. Measuring the Near-IR Airglow Continuum with Stray Light Reduced Spectrograph
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Viuho, Joonas K. M., Andersen, Michael I., Fynbo, Johan P. U., Viuho, Joonas K. M., Andersen, Michael I., and Fynbo, Johan P. U.
- Abstract
We present an experimental spectrograph based on a new type of a white pupil echelle spectrograph designed for interline sky continuum measurement. This is an application which requires extremely low instrumental scattered light background and high spectral fidelity due to the faintness of the signal and the fact that the night sky is illuminated by bright hydroxyl emission lines from the red-end of visual spectrum through near infrared wavelengths. The conceptual design is a white pupil echelle spectrograph using a single grating in double pass. The xy-plane of the optical beam is rotated between the two consecutive dispersions thus redirecting the scattered 'grating grass' light from the grating to different direction respective to the spectrum. A mask in the secondary focus prevents this scattered light reaching the camera. The beam rotation is achieved with a normal right-angle prism allowing us to use off-the-shelf optical components and classical geometrical optics to mitigate the issue of hydroxyl airglow emission lines.
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- 2022
24. Gerenciamento da pandemia em múltiplas escalas: tensões entre o centro e a periferia
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Trimano, Luciana, de Abrantes, Lucia, and Greene, Ricardo
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inequality ,migración inversa ,COVID-19 ,desigualdade ,reverse migration ,centre-periphery ,centre-périphérie ,scale ,centro-periferia ,migração reversa ,échelle ,escala ,inégalité ,migration inverse ,desigualdad - Abstract
Resumen La pandemia del COVID-19 ha impulsado una serie de transformaciones a nivel social, político y cultural que tensionan los arreglos territoriales de Argentina. En base a un trabajo etnográfico conducido en dos casos de estudio del corredor turístico nacional, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo explorar cómo la crisis sanitaria en su etapa inicial -en tanto momento analítico estratégico- y la incertidumbre a la que condujo, actualizaron discusiones históricas sobre las relaciones entre la capital y las periferias. Se analiza cómo diversos elementos asociados al 'coronaéxodo' metropolitano generaron fricciones, sinergias y prácticas de resistencia en territorios no-metropolitanos, que problematizaron la fragilidad de un modelo politico-territorial federal cuyas virtudes aparecen en teoría pero que, en la práctica, son entorpecidas por las fronteras político-espaciales y sofocadas por la concentración de recursos y relaciones de dominación. En particular, detectamos cómo se fueron resignificando los imaginários territoriales tradicionales, cobrando la gran ciudad un rostro amenazante, y lo no-metropolitano, un cariz de santuario inmunológico. Esta situación, hemos concluido, desató flujos migratorios que, a su vez, gatillaron la implementación de políticas nacionales y locales que combinaron medidas punitivas y disciplinadoras, acoplándose y desacoplándose para atender o prevenir la urgencia sanitaria. Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a series of transformations at the social, political and cultural levels that came to strain Argentina's territorial arrangements. Based on ethnographic work conducted in two case studies of the national tourist corridor, this article explores how the health crisis in its initial stage -as a strategic analytical moment- and the uncertainty to which it led, updated historical discussions on the relations between the capital and the peripheries. It analyzes how various elements associated with the metropolitan 'coronaexodus' generated frictions, synergies and practices of resistance in non-metropolitan territories, which problematized the fragility of a federal political-territorial model whose virtues appear in theory but which, in practice, are hindered by political-spatial borders and suffocated by the concentration of resources and relations of domination. In particular, we detected how traditional territorial imaginaries were re-signified, with the big city taking on a threatening face and the non-metropolitan taking on the appearance of an immunological sanctuary. This situation, we have concluded, unleashed migratory flows which, in turn, triggered the implementation of national and local policies that combined punitive and disciplinary measures, coupling and decoupling to address or prevent the health emergency. Résumé La pandémie de COVID-19 a déclenché une série de transformations aux niveau social, politique et culturel qui ont exercé une pression sur les arrangements territoriaux de l'Argentine. Sur la base d'un travail ethnographique mené dans deux études de cas du corridor touristique national, cet article explore comment la crise sanitaire dans sa phase initiale -en tant que moment analytique stratégique- et l'incertitude à laquelle elle a conduit ont actualisé les discussions historiques sur les relations entre la capitale et les périphéries. Il analyse également comment divers éléments associés au 'coronaexodus' métropolitain ont généré des frictions, des synergies et des pratiques de résistance dans les territoires non-métropolitains, qui ont problématisé la fragilité d'un modèle politico-territorial fédéral dont les vertus apparaissent en théorie mais qui, en pratique, sont entravées par les frontières politico-spatiales et étouffées par la concentration des ressources et les relations de domination. En particulier, nous avons détecté comment les imaginaires territoriaux traditionnels ont été re-signifiés, la grande ville devenant un lieu menaçant et les zones non métropolitaines prenant la valeur de sanctuaires immunolo-giques. Ce processus, nous concluons, a libéré des flux migratoires qui, à leur tour, ont déclenché la mise en œuvre de politiques nationales et locales combinant des mesures punitives et disciplinaires pour répondre à l'urgence sanitaire. Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 desencadeou uma série de transformações nos níveis social, politico e cultural que vieram presionnou os arranjos territoriais da Argentina. Com base no trabalho etnográfico realizado em dois estudos de caso do corredor turistico nacional, este artigo explora como a crise sanitária em sua fase inicial -como um momento analitico estratégico- e a incerteza a que conduziu, atualizou a discussões históricas sobre as relações entre a capital e as periferias. Analisa também como vários elementos associados ao 'coronaexodus' metropolitano geraram fricções, sinergias e práticas de resistência em territórios não metropolitanos, que problematizaram a fragilidade de um modelo politico-territorial federal cujas virtudes aparecem em teoria mas que, na prática, são dificultadas pelas fronteiras politico-espaciais e sufocadas pela concentração de recursos e relações de dominação. Em particular, detectámos como os imaginários territoriais tradicionais foram re-significados, com a grande cidade assumindo uma face ameaçadora e as áreas não.metropolitanas assumindo o valor de santuários imunológicos. Este processo, concluímos, suscitaram fluxos migratórios que, por sua vez, desencadearam a implementação de politicas nacionais e locais que combinaram medidas punitivas e disciplinares para fazer face à emergência sanitária.
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- 2022
25. Mekong Scales: Domains, Test Sites, and the Uncommons.
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Bruun Jensen, Casper
- Abstract
Copyright of Anthropologica is the property of CASCA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2017
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26. Les échelles de mesure de l’anxiété face à la mort
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Lyne St-Amour and Margaret C. Kiely
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Social Sciences and Humanities ,échelle ,death anxiety ,scales ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,anxiété de mort ,attitudes face à la mort ,General Medicine ,recherche ,research death attitudes - Abstract
Les échelles de mesure de l’anxiété face à la mort ont connu un grand essor au cours des dernières années. Leur développement est attribuable au désir de mieux comprendre et connaître le phénomène. Toutefois, les chercheurs sont constamment confrontés à un problème de définition de ce concept qui réfère à une expérience subjective mettant en cause des composantes cognitives et affectives.Jusqu’à maintenant, la majorité des échelles sont construites sans référence explicite à une base théorique. L’application de ces instruments présente un intérêt, principalement dans le domaine de la recherche, et se montre limitée quant à son utilisation clinique., In recent years, there has been an increase in the development of death anxiety scales. The aim was to enlarge and deepen our understanding of this phenomenon. Researchers, however, have been constantly confronted with the inability to define the concept of death anxiety which is essentially a subjective experience with both cognitive and affective components. Furthermore these scales have been based on atheoritical constructs. The application of these scales is primarily for research purposes and have limited clinical application.
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- 2021
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27. Produire les échelles de la transition à Fessenheim : contingences et jeu d’acteurs autour de la fermeture d’une centrale nucléaire
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Meyer, Teva, Vallerand, Fanny, Bour, Valentine, Dauwe, Charlotte, Erne-Heintz, Valentine, and Schellenberger, Thomas
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scale ,nucléaire ,energy transition ,reconversion ,échelle ,transition énergétique ,nuclear power ,politique des échelles ,politics of scales ,Fessenheim - Abstract
La fermeture de la centrale nucléaire de Fessenheim en juin 2020 a été précédée de la signature d’un document programmatique, le Projet d’avenir du territoire de Fessenheim (PAT), devant accompagner son arrêt et assurer une reconversion industrielle. Rédigé par l’État et les collectivités territoriales, il institue trois échelles spatiales qui cadrent la transition post-nucléaire. Cet article propose de prendre le cas de Fessenheim pour renforcer nos connaissances sur les pratiques concrètes de la politique des échelles au sein de transitions énergétiques en interrogeant (1) les conséquences de l’inscription de ces trois niveaux sur la matérialisation de la transition et (2) le jeu social ayant mené à leur établissement. En nuançant une unique approche constructiviste des échelles, parfois critiquée pour sa nature téléologique, nous nous concentrons sur les « scalecraft » des acteurs, le travail artisanal, les techniques, compétences ainsi que les difficultés qui sous-tendent tout assemblage scalaire. Mobilisant des chercheurs venant de la géographie politique, de l’économie politique et du droit de l’environnement, cet article s’appuie sur la construction d’un corpus d’articles de la presse régionale ainsi que sur 46 entretiens menés avec les acteurs du PAT. Nos recherches montrent que les échelles du PAT, dont l’existence cadre la physionomie de la transition post-nucléaire, reposent sur trois dynamiques : un effort de naturalisation des échelles par les acteurs via une rhétorique d’économisation du problème et ainsi que l’interprétation du droit ; une mise en politique de la transition autour de l’enjeu conflictuel des pertes fiscales ; un travail de lobbying des collectivités. En conclusion, nous identifions sept facteurs participant à la construction des échelles à Fessenheim. Ces résultats nous amènent à questionner les processus de dénucléarisation d’un territoire. The permanent shut down of Fessenheim nuclear power plant in June 2020 had been preceded by the signature of a policy document, the Projet d’avenir du territoire de Fessenheim (PAT), which aims at ensuring its industrial reconversion. Drafted by the French administration’s services and local authorities, it introduces three spatial scales framing the post-nuclear transition. Mobilizing the case of Fessenheim, this paper offers to strengthen our knowledge of the politics of scales’ concrete practices within energy transitions by questioning (1) the impact of these three scales on the post-nuclear transition and (2) the sociopolitical dynamics leading to their production. By moderating the dominant constructivist approach to scales, sometimes criticized for its teleological nature, we focus on actors’ “scalecrafts”, understood as the messy craftwork, techniques, competences and difficulties underpinning all scalar assemblage. To do so, this paper is built on a corpus of regional newspaper’s articles and 46 semi-directive interviews with actors involved in the PAT’s production. Results show that these scales, which are effectively constraining the extend of the post-nuclear transition, relies on three dynamics: discursive strategies tending to naturalize and essentialize scales through the economization of the debates as well as legal interpretations; the politicization of the transition around the conflicting issue of tax losses’ compensation; and lobbying efforts by local authorities. We conclude by identifying seven entangled factors participating in the scales’ production. These results lead us to question the process of territorial denuclearization.
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- 2022
28. Développement de l’Echelle de Motivation au Comportement d’Achatdes Produits Ecologiques (EMCAPE)
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Sana Tebessi Hachana and Abdelfattah Triki
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produits écologiques ,motivation ,échelle ,autodétermination ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 ,Marketing. Distribution of products ,HF5410-5417.5 - Abstract
Cette recherche a pour objectif de déterminer ce qui motiverait le consommateur à acheterdes produits écologiques. Une esquisse du Modèle préliminaire des déterminants de la motivation à la consommation des produits écologique sa été établie à travers une synthèse de la littérature. Deux études ont été effectuées pour générerde la substance à notre modèle. La première étude consistait à reprendre l’Échelle de Motivation du Comportement Ecologique (EMCE), (Pelletier et al, 1997)afin de tester dans quelle mesure elle peut servir d’outil pour apprécier le degré de motivation du consommateur à l’achat des produits écologiques. Les résultats de cette première étude nous ont permis de développer l’Échelle de Motivation au Comportement d’Achat des Produits Ecologiques (EMCAPE). La deuxième étude a pour but de vérifier la fiabilité des six sous-échelles de l’EMCAPE relative aux différentes formes de motivation identifiées par De ci et Ryan dans la théorie de l’autodétermination (1985). Les résultats appuient les propriétés psychométriques de l’EMCAPE. Cette dernière pourrait s’avérer fort utile pour les programmes de motivation, de sensibilisation et d’information selon le niveau d’autodétermination de l’individu
- Published
- 2012
29. « L’architecte doit être le metteur en œuvre du monde » : format et métamodèle chez Peter Greenaway
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Lawrence Gasquet
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maquette ,construction ,épistémologie ,architecture ,model ,frame ,plasticité ,General Engineering ,photographie ,epistemology ,perspective ,standard ,photography ,scale ,échelle ,plasticity ,cadre ,Greenaway (Peter) - Abstract
Prenant le contre-pied de la célèbre formule d'Alberti qui en 1435 proposa d'utiliser le cadre d'une fenêtre afin de représenter le monde depuis le point de vue fixe d'un observateur, Peter Greenaway déclare que son travail n'est pas une fenêtre qui s'ouvre sur le monde, mais le résultat d’une composition effectuée au moyen de dispositifs. La représentation perspectiviste s'effectue par le biais d'un cadre qui contre toute attente ouvre le champ, et pose l'illusion de la profondeur comme convention, légitimant ainsi le format standardisé de la représentation picturale en Occident après la Renaissance. Le plasticien souligne toujours la facticité de la représentation et de ses formats. Ainsi, le format selon lui gagne toujours à être accentué, à être reconnu, voire à être dénoncé pour ce qu'il est. Greenaway aime à répéter qu’on n'échappe jamais à l'architecture : il conçoit les villes comme des théâtres de la mémoire qui s’organisent autour d’une architecture qui devient métamodèle, reflet de l’intellect humain et de ses formats de prédilection. Taking arms against Leon Battista Alberti who in 1435 argued that a window frame was an ideal metaphor to describe the world as seen by an observer, Peter Greenaway insists that his work should not be seen as « a window on the world » but as « a self-conscious and artificial construct ». Where Renaissance artists managed to produce the illusion of depth by rendering pictorial convention invisible – thanks to the universal adoption of the theory and practice of perspective – Greenaway chooses to foreground the artificial and arbitrary nature of the formats with which he works. He sees his role less as a filmmaker or visual artist than as an architect whose output is not a portrait of an external reality but the construction of a world that, while self-consciously artificial and therefore freed from dependence on the abandonment of disbelief, is capable of enveloping the viewer. Greenaway likes to say that architecture spares no one: he conceives cities as Memory Theatres which feature architecture functioning as a metamodel. For him, architecture is a symbolic construct representing the human intellect at play the world and, as such, a format that empowers mankind.
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- 2022
30. La métaphore spatiale: Pour une lecture de Michel Foucault et Yves Lacoste
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Yann Calbérac, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre Marc Bloch (CMB), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Modèles Esthétiques et Littéraires - EA 3311 (CRIMEL), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)
- Subjects
archive ,Hérodote ,[SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Michel Foucault ,pouvoir ,géopolitique ,espace ,échelle ,carte ,principe de symétrie ,Yves Lacoste ,métaphore spatiale ,discontinuité - Abstract
International audience; À partir d’un commentaire minutieux de l’entretien accordé par Michel Foucault à la jeune revue de géopolitique Hérodote créée et animée par Yves Lacoste, cet article déplie, à partir de l’étude des métaphores spatiales, les conceptions et les fonctions de l’espace pour le philosophe comme pour les géographes. La lecture symétrique permet de mettre en évidence un système subtil de correspondances entre le Temps et l’Espace (deux catégories que Foucault comme les géographes refusent de saisir, délaissant les grands concepts au profit du temps et de l’espace produits et transformés par l’exercice du pouvoir), l’histoire et la géographie, les discursivités et les rivalités, l’archive et la carte et, in fine, entre la discontinuité et l’échelle.
- Published
- 2022
31. Working out across Canada: Is there a gender gap?
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Coen, Stephanie E., Subedi, Rajendra P., and Rosenberg, Mark W.
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- *
SEX discrimination in employment , *PHYSICAL activity , *CHI-squared test , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *FOOD habits , *ALCOHOL drinking , *HELP-seeking behavior - Abstract
Globally, boys and men are more physically active than girls and women. Despite geographical variation in physical activity participation and gender differences across types of physical activities, physical activity is frequently assessed at national scales using only select indicators. Using 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey data, we undertake a gender-based analysis using cross tabulations, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression models to investigate whether gender differences in physical activity vary across geographical scales and physical activity types in Canada. We examine: (1) whether gender gaps in physical activity change across geographical scale (national, provincial, city); (2) if any geographical variation in gender differences varies by activity type (active leisure time, weight-training, home exercises); (3) whether age and/or income help to explain geographical variation in gender differences in physical activity; and (4) if gender, age, marital status, education, and income level predict variation in differences in physical activity at different geographical scales. Results demonstrate that both scale and activity type matter for how gender differences in physical activity are observed. By zooming in or out, or by changing the activity lens, gender gaps emerged or disappeared. We conclude that physical activity interventions need to be gender-sensitive in ways that are place-specific. L'entraînement physique au Canada : existe-t-il un écart entre les genres? Les garçons et les hommes sont généralement plus actifs que les filles et les femmes. Malgré l'existence de disparités géographiques dans la participation à l'activité physique et de différences entre les genres en fonction des types d'activité physique, des évaluations de l'activité physique prenant appui sur quelques indicateurs prédéterminés sont souvent réalisées à l'échelle nationale. Une analyse différenciée selon le genre a été effectuée à partir des données tirées de l'Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes de 2012 à l'aide de tableaux croisés, de tests de khi-deux et de modèles de régression logistique binaire, afin de déterminer si les différences entre les genres en matière d'activité physique varient selon les échelles géographiques et les types d'activité physique au Canada. Il s'agit de déterminer : (1) s'il existe des écarts liés au genre dans la variation de l'activité physique en fonction de l'échelle géographique (nationale, provinciale, urbaine); (2) si certaines disparités géographiques des écarts entre les genres varient en fonction du type d'activité (temps consacré aux loisirs actifs, musculation, exercices pratiqués à la maison); (3) si l'âge ou le revenu sont des facteurs qui contribuent aux disparités géographiques des écarts entre les genres; et (4) s'il est possible de prédire les effets du genre, de l'âge, de l'état civil, de la scolarité et du revenu sur la variation de l'écart de l'activité physique aux différentes échelles géographiques. Les résultats confirment que l'échelle et le type d'activité exercent une influence sur la manière de voir les écarts entre les genres en matière d'activité physique. En modifiant l'échelle d'observation ou la forme que prend l'activité physique, des écarts entre les genres surgissent ou disparaissent. En conclusion, il importe de s'assurer que les efforts de promotion de l'activité physique tiennent compte des spécificités de genre tout en considérant les caractéristiques propres à chaque milieu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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32. Geografias do saber, Geografias da ignorância
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Schendel, Willem van
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Sudeste Asiático ,Asie du Sud-Est ,production de la connaissance ,Sudeste de Asia ,produção de conhecimento ,estudos de área ,Southeast Asia ,scale ,Zomia ,échelle ,area studies ,production of knowledge ,estudios de área ,escala ,producción de conocimiento - Abstract
Os ‘estudos de área’ (area studies) usam uma metáfora geográfica para visualizar e naturalizar espaços sociais particulares, bem como uma escala particular de análise. Eles produzem geografias específicas de conhecimento, mas também criam geografias de ignorância. Tomando o Sudeste Asiático como exemplo, neste artigo eu exploro como as áreas são imaginadas e como o conhecimento de área é estruturado para construir ‘zonas centrais’ (heartlands) e ‘zonas de fronteira’ (borderlands). Isto é ilustrado considerando-se uma grande região da Ásia (aqui denominada Zomia) que não se tornou uma área mundial na repartição das áreas após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, porque carecia de fortes centros de formação estatal, era politicamente ambígua e não impôs suficiente influência acadêmica. Como Zomia foi esquartejada e tornada periférica pelo surgimento de sólidas comunidades de especialistas de áreas do Leste, Sudeste, Sul e Centro Asiático, a produção de conhecimento sobre ela diminuiu. Sugiro que precisamos examinar mais de perto as políticas acadêmicas de escala que criam e sustentam os estudos de área, em um momento em que a espacialização da teoria social entra em um novo e inexplorado terreno. O impulso heurístico por trás das áreas imaginadas e o conhecimento contextualizado, de alta qualidade, que os estudos da área produzem podem ser aproveitados para imaginar outras configurações espaciais, como áreas de ‘cortes transversais’, o favo de mel mundial das zonas de fronteiras, ou as geografias do processo de fluxos transnacionais. Estudiosos de todas as áreas convencionais podem estar envolvidos neste projeto para ‘saltar escala’ e desenvolver novos conceitos de espaço regional. ‘Area studies’ use a geographical metaphor to visualise and naturalise particular social spaces as well as a particular scale of analysis. They produce specific geographies of knowing but also create geographies of ignorance. Taking Southeast Asia as an example, in this paper I explore how areas are imagined and how area knowledge is structured to construct area ‘heartlands’ as well as area ‘borderlands’. This is illustrated by considering a large region of Asia (here named Zomia) that did not make it as a world area in the area dispensation after World War 2 because it lacked strong centres of state formation, was politically ambiguous, and did not command sufficient scholarly clout. As Zomia was quartered and rendered peripheral by the emergence of strong communities of area specialists of East, Southeast, South, and Central Asia, the production of knowledge about it slowed down. I suggest that we need to examine more closely the academic politics of scale that create and sustain area studies, at a time when the spatialisation of social theory enters a new, uncharted terrain. The heuristic impulse behind imagining areas, and the high-quality, contextualised knowledge that area studies produce, may be harnessed to imagine other spatial configurations, such as `crosscutting’ areas, the worldwide honeycomb of borderlands, or the process geographies of transnational flows. Scholars of all conventional areas can be involved in this project to `jump scale’ and to develop new concepts of regional space. Les area studies utilisent une métaphore géographique pour visualiser et naturaliser des espaces sociaux particuliers, ainsi qu'une échelle d'analyse particulière. Ils produisent des géographies spécifiques du savoir mais créent aussi des géographies de l'ignorance. En prenant l'Asie du Sud-Est comme exemple, dans cet article, j'explore comment les zones (areas) sont imaginées et comment la connaissance de la zone est structurée pour construire des « centres » ainsi que des « zones frontalières ». Ceci est illustré en considérant une grande région d'Asie (ici nommée Zomia) qui n'en est pas devenue une zone mondiale après la Seconde Guerre mondiale car elle manquait de centres forts de formation d'État, était politiquement ambiguë et ne disposait pas d'un poids scientifique. Alors que Zomia était écartelée et rendu périphérique par l'émergence de fortes communautés de spécialistes de zone d'Asie de l'Est, du Sud-Est, du Sud et Centrale, la production de connaissances à son sujet s'est ralentie. Je suggère que nous devons examiner de plus près les politiques académiques qui créent et soutiennent les études régionales, à un moment où la spatialisation de la théorie sociale pénètre un nouveau terrain inexploré. L'impulsion heuristique derrière l'imagination des zones, et la connaissance contextualisée que produisent les area studies, peuvent être exploitées pour imaginer d'autres configurations spatiales, telles que les zones « transversales », le nid d'abeilles mondial des régions frontalières ou les processus géographiques des flux transnationaux. Les chercheurs de tous les domaines conventionnels peuvent être impliqués dans ce projet pour « sauter l'échelle » et développer de nouveaux concepts d'espace régional. Los “estudios de área” utilizan una metáfora geográfica para visualizar y naturalizar espacios sociales particulares, así como una escala de análisis particular. Producen geografías específicas de conocimiento, pero también crean geografías de ignorancia. Tomando el sudeste asiático como ejemplo, en este artículo exploro cómo se imaginan las áreas y cómo se estructura el conocimiento de áreas para construir áreas centrais (heartland) así como áreas de fronteras (borderland). Esto se ilustra al considerar una gran región de Asia (aquí llamada Zomia) que no la convirtió en un área mundial en la dispensación del área después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial porque carecía de centros fuertes de formación estatal, era políticamente ambigua y no tenía suficiente influencia académica. A medida que Zomia fue descuartizada y convertida en periférica por el surgimiento de fuertes comunidades de especialistas de área del este, sureste, sur y centro de Asia, la producción de conocimiento al respecto se ralentizó. Sugiero que debemos examinar más de cerca las políticas académicas de escala que crean y sustentan los estudios de área, en un momento en que la espacialización de la teoría social entra en un terreno nuevo e inexplorado. El impulso heurístico detrás de la imaginación de áreas, y el conocimiento contextualizado de alta calidad que producen los estudios de áreas, pueden aprovecharse para imaginar otras configuraciones espaciales, como “áreas transversales”, el panal mundial de fronteras o las geografías de proceso de los flujos transnacionales. Estudiosos de todas las áreas convencionales pueden participar en este proyecto para “saltar de escala” y desarrollar nuevos conceptos de espacio regional.
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- 2021
33. Conception entre analyse et décision
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Philippe Boudon
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architecturology ,conception ,dimension ,space ,scale ,architecturological scale ,space of conception ,metadimension ,Polymers and Plastics ,architecturologie ,espace ,échelle ,échelle architecturologique ,espace de la conception ,métadimension ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Conception between analysis and decision – Confinement will have created problematic situations which do not seem to be considered as such at all : it seems that the problems they raise are not taken into consideration. The three notes in an initial part – Conception, Space, Scale – attempt to broach the above issues while limiting their treatment to an outline of the complexity of their possible underlying relationships. The second part – Dimensions de l’ «espace de conception » et «changement d’échelle » – return to the questions raised by introducing conceptual elements of architecturology which can clarify the systemic relationship between conception, space and scales. This time the last word has been rendered in the plural and is understood in an architectruological meaning. A degree of complexity is added thereby amplifying the underlying meaning of the conventional expression “ change of scale”., Le confinement aura créé des situations problématiques qui ne semblent guère problématisées : il semble que les problèmes qu''ils posent ne sont pas posés ! Les trois notes d’un premier article – Conception, Espace, Echelle – tentent de les aborder, sans pour autant que la complexité de leurs relations éventuelles soient ici plus qu''esquissées. La seconde partie – Dimensions de l’ «espace de conception » et «changement d’échelle » – revient sur les questions posées en introduisant les éléments conceptuels de l’architecturologie pouvant éclairer la relation systémique entre conception, espace et échelles. Ce dernier mot y est cette fois pluralisé et entendu dans une acception architecturologique., Boudon Philippe. Conception entre analyse et décision. In: Villes en parallèle, n°49-50,2020. Matériaux pour la ville de demain. pp. 14-29.
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- 2020
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34. Échelles diffuses : Prospectives de conception via matière et VR
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Bigot-Doll Églantine
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Conception ,Numérique ,Prospective ,Échelle ,Perception ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Dans le cadre d’un enseignement de projet en école d’architecture, nous investiguons ici la question de l’échelle entre monde physique et environnement virtuel. Les objectifs de conception prospective de l’enseignement en question ont permis d’observer les relations entre immersions analogiques et digitales sous le prisme de l’échelle tantôt perdue, tantôt redéfinie dans une quête de matérialité spéculative.
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- 2018
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35. Metric Scale Study of the Bonded Concrete-Rock Interface Shear Behaviour
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Marion Bost, Hussein Mouzannar, Fabrice Rojat, Grégory Coubard, Jean-Pierre Rajot, Risques Rocheux et Ouvrages géotechniques (IFSTTAR/GERS/RRO), Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), and EDF (EDF)
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RESISTANCE AU CISAILLEMENT ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,ECHELLE ,02 engineering and technology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,METRIC DIRECT SHEAR TEST ,CONCRETE/ROCK INTERFACE ,EFFET D&apos ,[SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph] ,BOND ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The shear strength of concrete-rock interface is a key factor to evaluate the stability of gravity dams. The shear strength assessment by achieving tests on small samples gives values different from those estimated by back-analysis on the existing dams. This work aims to study the shear behaviour of concrete-rock interface in the metric scale. Five direct shear tests were performed on bonded meter-scale concrete-granite interfaces in the range of normal stresses to which gravity dam foundation is subjected. Specific instrumentation were installed to monitor the failure mechanisms during the tests. The five concrete-rock interfaces have not broken by shearing of materials (concrete, rock) in the shear plane imposed by the test device, but by debonding of the contact between concrete and rock. Considering roughness of the contact surface in the decimeter scale and the results of shear tests carried out in the same scale, the decimeter scale is demonstrated to correspond to the elementary surface for the shear behaviour of the metric concrete-rock interface. According to the level of normal stress, the stiffness of both materials and the main asperities in the decimeter scale, different failure mechanisms occur locally to justify the overall failure in the metric scale.
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- 2019
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36. Modeling of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic data analysis by an automatic classifier
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David D. Pokrajac, Mukti Rana, Jinjie Liu, Noureddine Melikechi, Daniela Milovic, Poopalasingam Sivakumar, Yuriy Markushin, and Gary Holness
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0301 basic medicine ,Computer science ,Data classification ,Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Optimal classifier ,Regular Paper ,Statistical learning theory ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Echelle ,Statistical theory ,Spectrograph ,Computer Science::Databases ,Spectroscopy ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Analytical technique ,Pattern recognition ,Quadratic classifier ,Computer Science Applications ,030104 developmental biology ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Modeling and Simulation ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Classifier (UML) ,Information Systems - Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a multi-elemental and real-time analytical technique with simultaneous detection of all the elements in any type of sample matrix including solid, liquid, gas, and aerosol. LIBS produces vast amount of data which contains information on elemental composition of the material among others. Classification and discrimination of spectra produced during the LIBS process are crucial to analyze the elements for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. This work reports the design and modeling of optimal classifier for LIBS data classification and discrimination using the apparatus of statistical theory of detection. We analyzed the noise sources associated during the LIBS process and created a linear model of an echelle spectrograph system. We validated our model based on assumptions through statistical analysis of “dark signal” and laser-induced breakdown spectra from the database of National Institute of Science and Technology. The results obtained from our model suggested that the quadratic classifier provides optimal performance if the spectroscopy signal and noise can be considered Gaussian.
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- 2019
37. Psychometric properties of the Academic Major Satisfaction Scale (AMSS) in Brazilian College Students
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Soares, Ana Karla Silva, da Silva Nascimento, Bruna, Silvestre da Silva, Jacqueline, da Cruz Serejo Barbosa, Nataly, Fernandes Kamazaki, Daniely, Soares, Ana Karla Silva, da Silva Nascimento, Bruna, Silvestre da Silva, Jacqueline, da Cruz Serejo Barbosa, Nataly, and Fernandes Kamazaki, Daniely
- Abstract
Academic satisfaction has been studied from different perspectives that considerate distinct ways of measurement. However, the plurality of evaluated facets prevents a more parsimo-nious assessment of the general students’ academic satisfaction. In the article, we aimed to provide psychometric evidence of the validity and reliability for the AMSS in Brazil in two studies (N = 893). In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis and item parameters (Item Res-ponse Theory) support the one-factor solution and the suitability of the six items. Moreover, evidence for factorial invariance across gender and convergent validity with the PANAS and with the SWLS was also presented in Study 2. In conclusion, the present paper provides evidence of the adequacy of the AMSS to evaluate global satisfaction with the academics course in Brazil., La satisfaction académique a été étudiée sous différentes perspectives qui envisagent différentes formes de mesure. Cependant, la pluralité des facettes évaluées empêche une évaluation plus parcimonieuse de la satisfaction académique des étudiants en général. La pré-sente étude vise à fournir des preuves psychométriques de validité et de fiabilité pour ESCA au Brésil dans deux études (N = 893). Dans l’étude 1, une analyse factorielle exploratoire et les paramètres d’item (Théorie de la réponse à l’item) corroborent la solution à un facteur et l’adéquation des six items. En outre, nous avons présenté des preuves d’invariance factorielle entre le sexe et la validité convergentes avec PANAS et ESV dans l’étude 2. En conclusion, cette étude fournit des preuves de l’aptitude de l’ESCA à évaluer la satisfaction générale à l’égard du cours universitaire dans la version portugaise.Mots clés: parcours, satisfaction, échelle, validité, précision, A satisfação acadêmica tem sido estudada sob diferentes perspectivas que contemplam formas distintas de mensuração. Entretanto, a pluralidade de facetas avaliadas impede uma avaliação mais parcimoniosa da satisfação acadêmica dos estudantes em geral. O presente estudo tem por objetivo fornecer evidências psicométricas da validade e confiabilidade para o ESCA no Brasil em dois estudos (N = 893). No Estudo 1, uma análise fatorial exploratória e os parâmetros dos itens (Teoria de Resposta ao Item) suportam a solução unifatorial e a adequação dos seis itens. Além disso, foram apresentadas evidências de invariância fatorial entre gênero e validade convergente com o PANAS e com o ESV no Estudo 2. Em con-clusão, este estudo fornece evidências da adequação da ESCA para avaliar a satisfação global com o curso acadêmico na versão em português, La satisfacción académica ha sido estudiada bajo diferentes perspectivas, produciendo dife-rentes formas de medición. Sin embargo, la pluralidad de facetas evaluadas impide una evaluación más parsimoniosa de la satisfacción académica de los estudiantes en general. En este artículo, objetivamos proporcionar evidencias psicométricas de la validez y con-fiabilidad para el ESCA en Brasil en dos estudios (N = 893). En el Estudio 1, un análisis factorial exploratorio y los parámetros de los ítems (Teoría de Respuesta al Item) soportan la solución unifatorial y la adecuación de los seis ítems. Además, se presentaron evidencias de invariancia factorial entre género y validez convergente con el PANAS y con el ESV en el Estudio 2. En conclusión, este estudio proporciona evidencias de la adecuación de la ESCA para evaluar la satisfacción global con el curso académico en Brasil
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- 2021
38. Desarrollo de una escala corta para medir el involucramiento con productos ecológicos
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Clifford E. Young, Francisco J. Conejo Jend, Ana Lucy Zamora Munguía, and Wilson Rojas Herrera
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Costa Rica ,Process management ,HF5001-6182 ,consumidor ,Product involvement ,involucramiento ,Measure (physics) ,consommateur ,ecológico ,Échelle ,Biology ,involvement ,envolvimento ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,JF20-2112 ,Business ,ecologique ,ecológicos ,consumer ,productos ,Short scale ,produits ,Scale ,products ,implication ,Escala ,sustainable ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,produtos - Abstract
This study develops a short, general scale to measure sustainable product involvement. This is done in a Costa Rican context, via a relatively large sample, demographically similar to the national population. The study also evaluates the viability of the C-OAR-SE scaling technique for this purpose. A five-item instrument is developed, its reliability and validity psychometrically confirmed. The scale addresses the levels and types of involvement that consumers might have. It suits not only academic researchers, but also practitioners in different areas. We conclude that C-OAR-SE is a viable technique. It complements traditional psychometric methods well, to be considered by researchers in the different fields of business. RESUMEN: Este estudio desarrolla una escala corta y general para medir el involucramiento con productos ecológicos. Se realiza en un contexto costarricense, mediante una muestra relativamente amplia y demográficamente similar a la población nacional. El estudio también evalúa la viabilidad de la técnica escalar C-OAR-SE para este fin. Una medida de cinco ítems es desarrollada, su fiabilidad y validez psicométricamente confirmadas. La escala mide los niveles y tipos de involucramiento que puedan tener los consumidores. No sólo le sirve a investigadores académicos, sino que también a profesionales en diferentes áreas. Concluimos que C-OAR-SE es una técnica viable. Complementa bien los métodos psicométricos tradicionales, a ser considerada por investigadores en los diferentes campos de la administratición. RÉSUMÉ: Cette étude développe une petite échelle générale pour mesurer l'implication dans des produits écologiques. Elle est réalisée dans un contexte costaricien, sur base d'un échantillon relativement large et démographiquement similaire à la population nationale. L'étude évalue également la viabilité de la technique d'échelle C-OAR-SE à cette fin. Une mesure de cinq éléments est développée, et sa fiabilité et validité confirmées de manière psychométrique. L'échelle mesure les niveaux et les types d'implication possibles des consommateurs. C'est utile non seulement pour les chercheurs académiques mais aussi pour les professionnels dans différents domaines. Nous concluons que C-OAR-SE est une technique viable. Elle complémente bien les techniques psychométriques traditionnelles et peut être prise en considération par les chercheurs dans les différents domaines de l'administration. RESUMO: Este estudo desenvolve uma escala curta e geral para medir o envolvimento com produtos ecológicos. É realizado em um contexto costarriquenho, por meio de uma amostra relativamente ampla e demograficamente semelhante à população nacional. O estudo também avalia a viabilidade da técnica escalar C-OAR-SE para esse fim. Uma medida de cinco itens é desenvolvida, sua fiabilidade e validade confirmadas psicometricamente. A escala mede os níveis e tipos de envolvimento que os consumidores possam ter. Não é útil apenas para pesquisadores acadêmicos, mas também para profissionais de diferentes áreas. Concluímos que C-OAR-SE é uma técnica viável. Complementa bem as técnicas psicométricas tradicionais a ser considerada pelos pesquisadores nas diferentes áreas da administração.
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- 2021
39. A Scale Development for 21st Century Skills of Primary School Students: A Validity and Reliability Study.
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Dilek Belet Boyacı, Ş. and Atalay, Nurhan
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SCHOOL children ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,EDUCATIONAL innovations ,COMMUNICATION ,PRIMARY schools ,DATA analysis ,EDUCATION - Abstract
Copyright of International Journal of Instruction is the property of International Journal of Instruction and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
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40. Coarsening in inhomogeneous systems.
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Corberi, Federico
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- *
OSTWALD ripening , *INHOMOGENEOUS materials , *RANDOM fields , *FERROMAGNETISM , *PUBLISHING - Abstract
This article is a brief review of coarsening phenomena occurring in systems where quenched features—such as random field, varying coupling constants or lattice vacancies—spoil homogeneity. We discuss the current understanding of the problem in ferromagnetic systems with a non-conserved scalar order parameter by focusing primarily on the form of the growth law of the ordered domains and on the scaling properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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41. Bridging hydraulic diffusivity from aquifer to particle-size scale: a study on loess sediments from southwest Hungary.
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Pacheco, F.A.L., Landim, P.M.B., and Szocs, Teodora
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- *
HYDRAULICS , *AQUIFERS , *RIVER sediments , *LOESS , *SOIL permeability - Abstract
In situmegascale hydraulic diffusivities (D) of a confined loess aquifer were estimated at various scales (10 ≤ L ≤ 1500 m) by a finite difference model, and laboratory microscale diffusivities of a loess sample by empirical formulas. A scatter plot reveals thatDfits to a single power function ofL, providing that microscale diffusivities are assigned toL = 1 m and that differences in diffusivity observed between micro- and megascales are assigned to medium heterogeneity appraised by variations in the curvature and slope of natural hydraulic head waves propagating through the aquifer. Subsequently, a general power relationship betweenDandLis defined where the base and exponent terms stand for the aquifer storage capability under a confined regime of flow, for the microscale hydraulic conductivity and specific yield of loess, and for the changes in curvature and slope of hydraulic head waves relative to values defined at unit scale.Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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42. ECHELLE D'ATTITUDE FACE A LA COVID 19 : ADAPTATION ET VALIDATION TRANSCULTURELLE DE LA VERSION CAMEROUNAISE EN LANGUE FRANCAISE DE « THE FEAR OF COVID 19 SCALE »
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Awono Noah, Jean Pierre Yves, Justin, Ndie, Kiméssoukié Omolomo, Etienne, Tchuindjang Chimi, Alexandra Stella, Ngo Likeng, Julienne Louise, Nkoyock, Emilienne Grace, Mfiya, Fadimatou, Angoe, Conrad Duvivier, Caroline, Teh Monté, Richard, Tchapda, Paul Martin Jonas, Kana, Yaba Dana, Basile, Onambele, Paul Marie, Nkoum, Benjamin Alexandre, Socpa, Antoine, Tsala Tsala, Jacques – Philippe, Pisabarro de Lucas, Antonio Gerardo, Université Catholique d'Afrique Centrale - Institut Catholique de Yaoundé (UCAC), Comité National de Lutte contre la Drogue [Cameroun], Media Convergence, Ministère de la Santé Publique [Cameroun], Université de Yaoundé I, Université de Buea, Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, Comité National de Lutte contre la Drogue [Cameroun}, Université de Douala, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), université publique de Navarre, and AWONO NOAH, Jean Pierre Yves
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[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,validation transculturelle ,[SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics ,covid 19 ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,[SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,cross-cultural validation ,scale ,Fear of covid 19 ,échelle ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,attitude ,[SHS.STAT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie - Abstract
Introduction: This article deals with the results of a cross-sectional study which aims at adaptation and initial cross-cultural validation in Cameroonian populations of the English-speaking scale "The Fear Of Covid-19 Scale" by Ahorsu et al. (2020) in French. Method: To do this, the validation procedure proposed by Vallerand (1989) was partially used. The preliminary version of the attitude scale towards Covid 19 (Phase 1), internal consistency analyzes, exploratory factorial and confirmatory factorial (Phase 2) were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics + AMOS 23 on data collected from a sample of 680 inhabitants of French-speaking Cameroon, recruited for convenience in urban and rural areas, respectively in Yaoundé the political capital and within its periphery, during the month of November 2020. Results: Participants, aged 18 to 78 years (N = 680, M = 36.79; SD = 13.3; 95% CI [35.78; 37.79]), 335 (49.3%) are men and 345 (51.7%) are women; 49.9% of participants live in rural areas and 51.1% in urban areas. The results reveal that the scale has a good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha =.83; Guttman's Lambda 6 =.86) and a factor structure which highlights 2 factors (r=.55; P, Introduction : Le présent article traite des résultats d’une étude transversale qui a pour objectif l’adaptation et la validation initiale transculturelle chez les populations camerounaises de l’échelle anglophone « The Fear Of Covid-19 Scale » de Ahorsu et al. (2020) en langue française. Méthode : Pour ce faire, la procédure de validation proposée par Vallerand (1989) a été partiellement utilisée. La version préliminaire de l’échelle d’attitude face à la Covid 19 (Phase 1), les analyses de cohérence interne, factorielles exploratoires et factorielle confirmatoire (Phase 2) ont été menées à l’aide de IBM SPSS Statistics + AMOS 23 sur des données collectées auprès d’un échantillon de 680 habitants du Cameroun francophone, recrutés par convenance en milieu urbain et rural, respectivement à Yaoundé la capitale politique et au sein de sa périphérie, durant le mois de novembre 2020. Résultats : Les participants, âgés de 18 à 78 ans (N= 680, M= 36,79 ; ET=13,3 ; IC95% [35,78 ; 37,79]), 335 (49,3%) sont des hommes et 345 (51,7%) sont des femmes ; 49,9% des participants résident en milieu rural et 51,1% en milieu urbain. Les résultats révèlent que l’échelle possède une bonne consistance interne (Alpha de Cronbach =,83 ; Lambda 6 de Guttman =,86) et une structure factorielle qui fait ressortir 2 facteurs (r=,55 ; P
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- 2021
43. Un pluralisme modéré pour le temps des sciences de la nature : irréversibilité et échelles de temps dans les disciplines biologiques
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Huneman, Philippe
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métaphysique ,théorie A et théorie B ,PHI013000 ,biologie ,perdurantisme et endurantisme ,tense ,metaphysics ,A and B theory ,Philosophy ,temporal ontology ,échelle ,théorie du bloc en expansion ,flow of time ,HP ,passage du temps ,temps ,pluralisme ,éternalisme ,évolution ,PHI000000 ,HPJ ,time ,présentisme - Abstract
Introduction Dans ce texte, j’interrogerai la possibilité d’un pluralisme concernant le temps de la nature. Pour commencer, rappelons la caractérisation aristotélicienne du temps : « le nombre du mouvement selon l’antérieur et le postérieur ». Comme on sait cette définition rassemble les deux ententes essentielles du temps – son rapport au mouvement, et le fait d’être un « nombre » donc une mesure, ce qui requiert un mesureur, pour Aristote, « l’âme ». On a beaucoup indiqué la différence entr...
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- 2021
44. Décideurs et Citoyens dans un contexte urbain de Signaux Faibles (Décisif). Rapport final. Ademe, APR TEES : Transition écologique économique et sociale
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BOUISSET, Christine, ARNAULD DE SARTRE, Xavier, BAGGIONI, Vincent, BOUSQUET, Aurélie, COUSTEAU, Evelyne, DALÉAS, Jacques, DEGRÉMONT, Isabelle, DELETRAZ, Gaëlle, DOUENCE, Hélène, KHAMIS, Rim, LAPLACE-TREYTURE, Danièle, MONTAGNE, Delphine, POTTIER, Aude, SILVA, Magali, VAUCELLE, Sandrine, WAST, Marie, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales (TREE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Passages, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Association Ecocène, APESA [Pau], Ademe, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées, Ademe, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Changement climatique ,échelle ,Transition écologique ,gestion ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography - Published
- 2021
45. Recompositions scalaires en Europe occidentale : la construction de régions métropolitaines transfrontalières dans l’Eurorégion Transmanche et le Rhin Supérieur
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Pupier, Pauline, Pupier, Pauline, Université d'Artois (UA), Université d'Artois, and Bernard Reitel
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[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,rescaling ,gouvernance ,[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Union Européenne ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,frontière ,metropolis ,scale ,métropole ,governance ,échelle ,border ,recomposition scalaire ,European Union ,[SHS.ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,[SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science - Abstract
Lille, Strasbourg or Basel are powerful cities located near a national border. They spread over the neighbouring foreign territory. Fuelled by economic, political, logistic, symbolic functions, their influence creates regions which are at the same time metropolitan and cross-border. Such examples exist along the French-Belgian coastline, or at the border between France, Germany, and Switzerland. Thanks to interviews, cartographic productions and text analyses, crossborder metropolitan regions are analysed in their building process. It appears that local actors act in common with the European Union as they seek for State recognition. This European rescaling process generates new adaptable but instable spaces, in which the cross-border agglomeration is part of a system of broader regions., Lille, Strasbourg ou Basel sont des villes puissantes à proximité de frontières nationales. Elles s’étendent sur le territoire étranger voisin. Alimentée par des fonctions économiques, politiques, logistiques, symboliques, leur influence crée des régions qui sont à la fois métropolitaines et transfrontalières. On trouve des exemples similaires le long du littoral franco-belge ou à la frontière entre la France, l’Allemagne et la Suisse. Grâce à des entretiens, des productions cartographiques et des analyses de textes, la région métropolitaine transfrontalière est étudiée dans sa construction. Elle apparaît comme un processus où les acteurs locaux doivent se mobiliser en commun et avec l’Union Européenne pour négocier avec les États. Cette recomposition scalaire européenne génère des espaces en tension où l’agglomération transfrontalière s’insère dans d’autres régions plus vastes.
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- 2021
46. Les catégories métriques. De la forme au format
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Migliore, TIZIANA MARIA
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Taille ,Fontanille ,Fontanille, Sémiotique, Format, Taille, Echelle ,Sémiotique ,Echelle ,Format - Published
- 2021
47. Réfléchir sur l'échelle, débats sur les 'politics of scale'
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Debarbieux, Bernard
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Echelle ,Politique ,ddc:910 - Published
- 2021
48. Cuestiones de escala en el ámbito de la "Huella Hídrica".
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SOTELO PÉREZ, María
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Copyright of Observatorio Medioambiental is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
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49. The construction of a scale on the conceptions of disability: methodological procedures
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Lúcia Pereira Leite and Cristina Broglia Feitosa de Lacerda
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030506 rehabilitation ,discapacidad ,déficience ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,scale ,03 medical and health sciences ,deficiência ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,concepción ,psychology.Contextualizing the concept of disability ,General Psychology ,psicología ,psychologie ,05 social sciences ,inclusão social ,inclusión social ,concepção ,lcsh:Psychology ,échelle ,disability ,escala ,inclusion sociale ,conception ,social inclusion ,psicologia ,0305 other medical science ,concept ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Resumo Este artigo parte dos preceitos da psicologia histórico-cultural para analisar como a deficiência é conceituada e suas implicações. Procura descrever a elaboração de um procedimento metodológico para averiguar concepções de deficiência. Feita a revisão da literatura nacional e internacional, foram circunscritas quatro concepções: orgânica, psicossocial, histórico-cultural e metafísica. Para cada uma delas foram definidas cinco asserções, dispostas em cinco pontos ordinais. A escala foi avaliada por juízes com familiaridade teórico-metodológica na temática deficiência. Foi calculado o índice de concordância entre as classificações originais dos enunciados com as marcações e retorno e revisão das classificações discordantes. Aplicações iniciais e os tratamentos decorrentes permitiram a confecção da Escala de Concepções de Deficiência (ECD). Résumé Cet article est basé sur les préceptes de la psychologie historico-culturelle pour analyser comment le handicap est conceptualisé et ses implications. L'étude décrit l'élaboration d'une procédure méthodologique pour examiner les conceptions du hándicap. Après l'examen de la documentation nationale et internationale, quatre concepts ont été circonscrites: organique, psychosocial, historique-culturel et métaphysique. Pour chaque concept, cinq assertions ont été définis et organisées en cinq points ordinaux. L'échelle a été évaluée par des juges ayant une connaissance théorique et méthodologique des handicaps. L'index de la concordance a été calculé entre les classifications originelles des énoncés avec des marques, et le retour et la révision des classifications dissonants. Les applications initiales et les traitements résultant ont permis de concevoir l'échelle de conceptions de déficience (ECD). Resumen Ese artículo parte de los preceptos de la Psicología histórico-cultural para analizar cómo la discapacidad es conceptuada y sus implicaciones. Se busca describir la elaboración de un procedimiento metodológico para averiguar concepciones de discapacidad. En el artículo se efectúa un análisis crítico sobre la relación de la sociedad con la persona con discapacidad, y su objetivo es describir la elaboración de un procedimiento metodológico para detectar las concepciones sobre la discapacidad. Una vez realizado el estudio de la literatura nacional y extranjera, se delimitaron cuatro concepciones: orgánica, psicosocial, histórico-cultural y metafísica. Para cada concepción se definieron cinco categorías organizadas en cinco clases ordinales. La escala fue evaluada por jueces que tienen pensamiento teórico-metodológica cercano al tema de la discapacidad. Se calculó el índice de concordancia entre las clasificaciones originales de los enunciados con las señales y la devolución obtenida, así como la revisión de las clasificaciones discordantes. Las aplicaciones preliminares y las indicaciones resultantes posibilitaron la elaboración de la Escala de Concepciones sobre la Discapacidad (ECD). Abstract This article is based on the precepts of historical-cultural psychology to analyze how disability is conceptualized and its implications. The study describes the development of a methodological procedure to identify conceptions of disability. After a review of national and international bibliography, four concepts were circumscribed: organic, psychosocial, historical-cultural and metaphysical. For each concept five assertions were defined and arranged at five ordinal points. The scale was evaluated by judges with theoretical-methodological familiarity on disabilities. It was calculated the index of agreement between original classification of utterances with marks, and the return and review of opposing classifications. Initial applications and resulting treatments allowed the conceiving of the Conceptions of Disability Scale (CDS).
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- 2018
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50. Exemplarité et singularité dans le champ politique. Les livres des politiques
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Christian Le Bart
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050402 sociology ,livre politique ,difference ,05 social sciences ,scales ,individualisme ,individu ,16. Peace & justice ,individualisation ,individualism ,singularity ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,échelle ,0504 sociology ,communication politique ,individualization ,political book ,political communication ,singularité ,différence ,individuals - Abstract
La norme de singularité s’est depuis les années 1990 diffusée au sein d’un champ politique pourtant traditionnellement caractérisé par le poids exceptionnel des institutions. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser cette diffusion à partir d’un objet spécifique : le livre politique. L’étude d’un corpus de 210 publications de la période 1958-2011 permet de repérer les évolutions du genre. Le livre politique est au début de cette période marqué par la force de l’emprise institutionnelle sur les auteurs, ministres ou leaders partisans. Le souci d’exemplarité (gouvernementale ou militante) domine. Les choses changent avec la banalisation du modèle gaullien qui établit au sommet de l’État un droit au style que revendiqueront non seulement ses successeurs mais aussi tous les présidentiables. Le livre politique actuel s’affranchit de l’exemplarité institutionnelle : les politiques marquent leur distance à l’égard de l’exigence de loyauté (valorisation du franc-parler) ; en empruntant à l’autobiographie et à l’idéologie de l’authenticité, ils bousculent l’exemplarité institutionnelle. Since the 1990s, the norm of singularity has been spreading across the political field. The purpose of this paper is to analyze a specific object: the political book. The careful examination of 210 publications from the 1958-2011 period makes it possible to identify changes within the genre. The political book is, at the beginning of the period, marked by the strength of the institutional hold on authors, ministers or party leaders. Things change with the normalization of the Gaullist model that establishes a “right to style” at the top of the State, which will subsequently be claimed not only by his successors but also by various candidates to the presidential election. Currently, the political book is free from institutional exemplarity: politicians mark their distance from the requirement of loyalty (valorization of free speech); they publish autobiographies and resort to the ideology of authenticity.
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- 2018
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