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I could feel my mind buzzing after another long day at work. Driving home, I am looking forward to my “me time” ritual of playing with colors. As I arrive, I get myself comfortable, pick up an oran...

“To picture is not to remember,” as Bergson famously puts it in Matter and Memory (1896), since “the image, pure and simple, will not be referred to the past unless it was indeed in the past that I sought it.” Thus, to make a film about memory, to recount cinematically a story of memory, and finally to imagine in (motion) picture what memory might be, isn’t this a paradoxical or even vain undertaking? Such is, however, precisely the task set about by Bi Gan in Long Day’s Journey into Night (2018): if his first feature-length film, Kaili Blues (2015), revolves already around the question of time by deploying — in its famous 41-minute long take — an “abyss of time” where past, present and future intertwine, then with Long Day’s Journey into Night the director seeks moreover to further his quest for a non-chronological time by transposing it to the terrain of memory in yet another long take — this time running more than an hour and in 3D —, infinitely dilated as if becoming a gigantic dream. In this paper, by crisscrossing my reading of the film with the philosophies of time from Bergson (“cone of memory”) to Deleuze (“crystal-image”), I seek to explore the intricate relationships between, on one hand, time and memory and, on the other, cinema and philosophy, so as finally to ask with Bi Gan: no doubt “to picture is not to remember,” but how are we to remember differently if not by picturing — namely through images?

Heading date is a critical trait that determines the regional adaptability and grain productivity of many crops. Although rice is a facultative short-day plant, its domestication led to the Ghd7-Ehd1-Hd3a/RFT1 pathway for adaptation to long-day conditions (LDs). The formation of the "florigen activation complex" (FAC) containing florigen Hd3a has been characterized. However, the molecular composition of the FAC that contains RFT1 for long-day flowering is unclear. We show here that RFT1 forms a ternary FAC with 14-3-3 proteins and OsFD1 to promote flowering under LDs. We identified a calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase, OsCIPK3, which directly interacts with and phosphorylates OsFD1, thereby facilitating the localization of the FAC to the nucleus. Mutation in OsCIPK3 results in a late heading date under LDs but a normal heading date under short-day conditions. Collectively, our results suggest that OsCIPK3 phosphorylates OsFD1 to promote RFT1-containing FAC formation and consequently induce flowering in rice under LDs.

Having come here to advocate the immediate burial of ‘kasuku culture,’ alias, ‘parrot culture,’ I had better initiate the process of grave-digging myself. As an African academician, poet, playwright, artist, cultural worker and activist, I have sought to do this in different ways. One such way has been using my intellectual work to affirm progressive indigenous African paradigms, including orature, which Pio Zirimu and Austin Bukenya once concisely defined as ‘verbal art.’1 I will, therefore, use an African Orature style of delivery to hold this conversation with you. I cannot think of a more appropriate tool of competing with fatigue at the end of a long day, or of keeping a possible dozing audience alive, following such a challenging dinner. My talk, or palaver, will be divided into movements or cycles, labelled palaver one to ten. Inside each of these full stream palavers will be meandering tributaries of smaller, but related palavers. If the meanderings interfere with your focus, therefore, just find ways of tolerating them. For instance, treat them as the musings of an elder-in-the-making, borrowing a leaf from the wazee wakumbuka (elders recollect), an extremely popular kipindi (program) that used to air on Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) radio network sometime in the 1970s.

The house is a place to rest and unwind after a long day of work, but nowadays the house is used as a place to do almost everything, even earn a living and express yourself. The government's appeal to stay at home is currently being responded to in various ways, such as doing hobbies, or trying to find fun ways to teach by making YouTube videos, and so on. On the other hand there are those who make this an endless confinement which only makes it seem useless and ends up looking for various ways to be able to still have fun outside the home, such as continuing to have fun, hanging out or just letting go of homesickness to the shopping center on the grounds of maintaining health protocols. This shows that basically humans always have to move to meet their needs and these needs lead to how humans can show their existence, show their existence and get recognition from others. Existence does not look at social, economic or racial, because it is integrated into the person of the individual.

AlthoughEugene O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey into Night may be depressing and emotionally draining, it demonstrates a number of important elements of family relationship theory, including the interactions between siblings, spouses and their lives over time; combined, these interactions draw a picture of the family as the container and sustainer of life. The play advances the theme that, within the context of the family, the ghost of the past plays itself out in the present. The play also demonstrates that families are often centers of conflict and contradiction.

Photoperiodic flowering responses are classified into three major types: long day (LD), short day (SD), and day neutral (DN). The inverse responses to daylength of LD and SD plants have been partly characterized in Arabidopsis and rice; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the DN response is largely unknown. Modern roses are economically important ornamental plants with continuous flowering (CF) features, and are generally regarded as DN plants. Here, RcCO and RcCOL4 were identified as floral activators up-regulated under LD and SD conditions, respectively, in the CF cultivar Rosa chinensis ‘Old-Blush’. Diminishing the expression of RcCO or/and RcCOL4 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) delayed flowering time under both SDs and LDs. Interestingly, in contrast to RcCO-silenced plants, the flowering time of RcCOL4-silenced plants was more delayed under SD than under LD conditions, indicating perturbed plant responses to day neutrality. Further analyses revealed that physical interaction between RcCOL4 and RcCO facilitated binding of RcCO to the CORE motif in the promoter of RcFT and induction of RcFT. Taken together, the complementary expression of RcCO in LDs and of RcCOL4 in SDs guaranteed flowering under favorable growth conditions regardless of the photoperiod. This finding established the molecular foundation of CF in roses and further shed light on the underlying mechanisms of DN responses.

Aim. Find out the effect of different durations of the photoperiod on the protein and oil content in the seeds of soybean varieties, which differ in response to the photoperiod. Materials and methods.The experiments used photoperiodically neutral soybean varieties Annushka, Yatran, Ustya, as well as a short-day variety Khadzhibey. Plants were grown in the field 2016-2018 year at the experimental site of the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Plants and Microorganisms of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University on plots of 1 m2in triplicate. From seedlings to the third true leaf, the plants grew with a natural long day (about 16 hours at the latitude of Kharkov - 50º N). In this phase, half of the plants were exposed to a short photoperiod for 14 days, darkening the plants with light-tight booths from 17 to 9 hours. After which the plants were grown again under long day conditions until the end of the growing season. The second part of the plants (control) during the entire growing season was grown under natural day conditions. The protein content in the seeds was determined on an infrared analyzer Infralum FT-10 (manufacturer Lumex, RF), according to the manufacturer's method, and oil - according to Rushkovsky. Analyzes were performed in two triplicate. The tables show the mean and standard deviations. Results.The protein content in seeds under the influence of a short photoperiod increased, decreased or did not change, compared with the content on a long day, regardless of the type of photoperiodic reaction of the studied varieties. The oil content in the seeds of all varieties, regardless of their photoperiodic reaction, exposed to a short photoperiod, as a rule, was lower than in the seeds of plants that were grown on a long day. Changes in the protein and oil content in the seeds of soybean varieties with different day lengths did not depend on the type of photoperiodic reaction. The content of both protein and oil in seeds varied in different varieties and in different years of research. The degree of variation in different varieties was different. Conclusions.Different photoperiodic conditions ambiguously influenced the protein content in the seeds of soybean varieties with different photoperiodic reactions, although in some years there was a tendency to increase it under the influence of a short photoperiod. Apparently, it is determined by the genotype of the variety and the meteorological conditions of the growing season. The oil content in the seeds of the studied varieties, which differ in the type of photoperiodic reaction, decreased under the influence of a short day, compared with the content under long day conditions. Apparently, the process of accumulation of protein and, especially, oil in soybean seeds is subject to photoperiodic control. Its mechanisms need in-depth studies at the level of physiological and biochemical processes.

Eruca sativa Mill., a plant belonging to family Brassicaceae commonly used as salad vegetable. The cultivation of Eruca sativa plant has most of the Mediterranean countries. Since ancient time Eruca sativa is used for medicinal and commercial plant. It has highest nutrients and minerals. The present study reveals that the germination of Eruca sativa seeds on medium by vitro condition. It shows that there is good germination short interval of harvested seeds than the long day stored seeds.

The developmental switch from a vegetative phase to reproduction (flowering) is essential for reproduction success in flowering plants, and the timing of the floral transition is regulated by various environmental factors, among which seasonal day-length changes play a critical role to induce flowering at a season favorable for seed production. The photoperiod pathways are well known to regulate flowering time in diverse plants. Here, we summarize recent progresses on molecular mechanisms underlying the photoperiod control of flowering in the long-day plant Arabidopsis as well as the short-day plant soybean; furthermore, the conservation and diversification of photoperiodic regulation of flowering in these two species are discussed.

Breeding cycle time largely determines the efficiency of crop genetic improvement. To accelerate the generation progress, Watson et al. (2018) proposed a concept of 'speed breeding (SB)' by extending the photoperiod and increasing the light intensity during plant growth. However, there have been few reports on the successful application of SB in semi-winter and winter long-day crops. Here, we propose a comprehensive speed breeding (CSB) system for the rapid generation and high-throughput culture of long-day crops, which can accomplish 4.5 generations for both semi-winter canola and winter wheat per year. With the aid of extra far-red light, three and 5.5 generations can be accomplished for the typical winter and semi-winter type canola. CSB also exhibits high efficiency in spring type canola, and can achieve up to 6.5 and 5.5 generations with or without extra far-red light, respectively. This strategy is expected to greatly accelerate gene pyramiding of superior alleles, screening of recombinants for QTL mapping and functional genomics research by rapid purification of multiple mutated alleles.

Exon junction complexes (EJCs) associate with mRNAs, mediate the pre-mRNA splicing and eventually gets displaced by ribosomes during the initial phase of translation. EJCs are involved in several critical physiological pathways. The functional nature of EJCs and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) still needs to be elucidated particularly in case of plants. Here, we report that the putative core protein factors of the EJC differentially express under short-day and long-day conditions. Since, plants are constantly exposed to biotic and abiotic factor(s), it would be significant to see how the EJCs respond to different stress inducing conditions. The protein levels of EJC core proteins under short-day conditions were 1.25 times higher relative to the protein levels under long-day conditions. Similar results were observed for the mRNA transcripts of the EJC core protein factors. These results signify that under short-day conditions, the EJC proteins are more activated and might be involved in few events which are yet to be revealed.

BackgroundHeading time is an important trait for regional and seasonal adaptabilities in rice, and is controlled by genetic factors in relation with environmental factors, mainly day length and temperature. The following genes controlling heading were examined for their responses to six different environmental conditions involving different day lengths using five early near-isogenic lines (NILs) of T65-R and three late NILs of T65wx: two earliness genes,Ef1andEfxcontrolling basic vegetative phase (BVG), andm-Ef1, the enhancer to the former gene; and two lateness genes,Se1-pat(t) andse-patcontrolling photo-sensitivity and BVG, respectively. T65-R and T65-T were different accessions of Taichung 65. T65wx is a NIL of T65-T carryingwx.ResultsThe five early NILs of T65-R were in the order of ER50 (Ef1,Efx,m-Ef1) Ef1,m-Ef1) ≤ ER20 (Ef1,Efx) Ef1) ≤ ER21 (Efx) Se1-pat(t)) ≤ LF2 (Se1-pat(t),se-pat) ≤ T65wx se-pat) under two short-day conditions (10-h photoperiod condition with artificial-light and natural short-day condition from autumn to winter). The NILs and T65wx were in the order of T65wx Ac-ef1) was 2.8 or 5.1 days earlier in DTH than T65-T (ac-ef1) under the two spring-sowing PF conditions. However, T65-R was 19 and 10 days earlier than T65-T under the two short-day conditions.ConclusionsEarliness gene(s) and their combinations reduced DTH regardless of photoperiod lengths.Se1-pat(t) increased DTH under long-day conditions but decreased it under short-day conditions, whilese-patelongated DTH under both short-day and long-day conditions indicating thatse-patis responsible for BVG. These-patincreased DTH by adding its effect over that ofSe1-pat(t) under long-day conditions. However, this increasing effect of DTH byse-patwas almost completely masked when it coexisted withSe1-pat(t) under the short-day conditions. Notably, the response ofAc-ef1to day length was found to delay heading under the short-day conditions.

Photoperiod-dependent flowering in rice is regulated by HEADING DATE 1 (Hd1), which acts as both an activator and repressor of flowering in a daylength-dependent manner. To investigate the use of microProteins as a tool to modify rice sensitivity to the photoperiod, we designed a synthetic Hd1 microProtein (Hd1miP) capable of interacting with Hd1 protein, and overexpressed it in rice. Transgenic OX-Hd1miP plants flowered significantly earlier than wild type plants when grown in non-inductive long day conditions. Our results show the potential of microProteins to serve as powerful tools for modulating crop traits and unraveling protein function.

Soybean (Glycine max), a typical short‐day plant (SDP) domesticated in temperate regions, has expanded to high latitudes where daylengths are long from soybean emergence to bloom, but rapidly decrease from seed filling to maturity. Cotyledons are well known as the major storage organs in seeds, but it is unclear whether developing cotyledons store flowering substances at filling stage in SD for upcoming seedlings, or instead respond to photoperiod for floral induction after emergence of matured seeds in long‐day (LD). Here, we report that cotyledons accelerate flowering of early‐maturing varieties not resulting from stored floral stimuli but by perceiving photoperiod after emergence. We found that light signal is indispensable to activate cotyledons for floral induction, and flowering promoting gene GmFT2a is required for cotyledon‐dependent floral induction via upregulation of floral identity gene GmAP1. Interestingly, cotyledons are competent to support the entire life cycle of a cotyledon‐only plant to produce seeds, underlying a new photoperiod study system in soybean and other dicots. Taken together, these results demonstrate a substantial role for cotyledons in flowering process, whereby we propose a ‘cotyledon‐based self‐reliance’ model highlighting floral induction from emergence as a key ecological adaptation for rapid flowering of SDPs grown in LD environments at high latitudes., The cotyledons induce soybean flowering by expressing flowering promoting gene GmFT2a after perceiving light signals at seedling stage. The cotyledon‐dependent floral induction accelerates the flowering of early‐maturing varieties in long‐day and facilitate them adapting to high latitudes.

The ability to flower without strict daylength constraints has helped spread cultivation of crop plants to new locations. The generation of daylength-insensitive common bean accessions in central and South America involved the repeated selection of mutant alleles for a key transcription factor that suppresses long-day flowering.

[Graphic][1] Mike Land contemplating discoveries after a long day on board the British Research vessel RRS Discovery, 1987, in the Atlantic outside West Africa. Michael Francis Land – known to his colleagues and friends as Mike – was born in Dartmouth, UK, on 12 April 1942 and died

The aim of this chapter is to explore affective pedagogy that unfolds during a mealtime activity setting in a long day care (LDC) centre. Mealtimes are an important activity setting in early childhood education and care and they offer opportunities for educator’s development of affective relationships with infant-toddlers. Findings indicate that educators’ create an affective atmosphere within the flow of time and space of the mealtime activity. Often overlooked, flow and time, are also important components of educators’ affective relationships. Pedagogical strategies such as affective dialogues and encouragement involve educator’s guiding, modelling and encouraging toddlers to taste new foods and helping with cleaning tasks. Mealtimes provide a social environment for affective relationships and connections to be fostered.

Onion bulb initiation is photoperiod-dependent. Understanding this is crucial for adapting new varieties for growth at different latitudes, as well as aiding germplasm screening for the choice of current varieties. This study aims to gain further understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in onion bulbing process based on the parallels with well-characterised functional clock genes in the Arabidopsis flowering pathway. A comprehensive set of diurnal quantitative expression experiments was carried out to investigate the bulbing response in two different onion varieties, namely Renate, a long-day variety and Hojem, a short-day variety under increasing intermediate day-lengths. All onion homologous to Arabidopsis flowering time genes showed clear diurnal expression patterns peaking at different times of the day for both long/short-day onions, indicating their role in daylength dependent bulbing process at molecular level. Under intermediate daylengths, AcFT1 expression level increased with daylengths in both varieties, while AcFT4 was expressed in all daylengths. The two genes showed complementary expression with AcFT4 peaking in the morning and AcFT1 in the evening in longer days. The results indicate that AcFT1 and AcFT4 are negatively co-regulated, but AcFT1 is the predominant regulator of bulb formation in response to daylength.

This chapter focuses on infant-toddler long day care educators’ pedagogical awareness of responsivity with toddlers in a nappy-change activity setting. Research suggests that educators who are attuned to infant-toddlers and develop trusting relations, show affective engagement. Educators’ personal awareness of being affectively responsive, when collaborating with co-educators is discussed. A nappy-change activity setting is analyzed as an encounter that transforms understandings about being pedagogically responsive. The findings indicate that affective responsivity involves educators’ awareness of, and sensitivity to, their institutional demands, which we call institutional responsivity.

The aim of this chapter is to introduce cultural–historical theory used throughout this book for theoretical and empirical conceptualization of affective pedagogies. What do we mean by affective pedagogies? In relation to our research, it became apparent that affective pedagogies are integral to the work of infant-toddler educators. We therefore make explicit and accessible, the eloquence and benevolence of affective pedagogies by using Hedegaard’s (Cultural-historical approaches to studying learning and development: perspectives in cultural-historical research, Singapore, Springer, pp 23–41: 2019) wholeness approach to the study of children birth-to-three (infant-toddlers) and educators’ pedagogical practices. We discuss two research projects undertaken in three different long day care settings in Victoria, Australia, revealing diverse visual narratives of affective pedagogies and their specialized nature. Our vision for this book is to conceptualize vibrant affective pedagogies and generate new knowledge of infant-toddler education and care.

Discussion on toddlers’ outdoor play practices in various cultural spaces is rare in literature. In Australia, toddlers’ physical development and well-being is promoted but less attention is given to cultural nuances of outdoor play. We ask the question: How does outdoor play impact on toddlers’ imagination and cultural formation? Conducted in three Australian long day care (LDC) sites, an ethically approved project “Studying babies and toddlers: Cultural worlds and transitory relationships” examines the process of three Australian toddlers’ outdoor enculturation. The concepts of imagination and play from Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory are drawn upon in relation to Hedegaard’s institutional practices model, to link contextual relations between society, community and family. Cultural formation processes in toddlers’ outdoor play, we argue, are more completely understood when daily life across home and local community is acknowledged. Data findings illustrate complexity of movement and experimentations in cultural conditions, where different spaces hold possibilities for imaginative transformations in toddler’s play. Implications suggest toddlers’ imaginative and culturally responsive outdoor play aligns with availability of interested adult/peers, shared family and community values, and varied local spaces. In this way, affective and dynamic outdoor interactions imbue cultural formation of toddler’s play and imagination with local personal meaning.

The present paper is an attempt to study the female quest for freedom in Eugene O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey into Night from a French feminist perspective. Indeed, Mary Tyrone resorts to body language as a form of resistance against gender and cultural confinement. French feminism will be deployed to understand female non-verbal subversive strategies. Luce Irigaray argues that language is male-dominated and male discourse misrepresents women. Accordingly, body language can be interpreted as a silent form of female resistance against patriarchal hegemony. It is the case of Mary who is irritated because of the male gaze and she uses madness as a silent language of resistance against female and ethnic stereotypes. Mary is a rebellious woman who defies her three men for being indifferent about her dilemma of disillusionment with the institution of marriage. She is treated as a wife, a mother or a daughter and she is often assigned the role of ‘the Angel in the House.’ French feminism will be used to understand the way O’Neill reshapes female identity and he calls for not linking female identity to the social roles. The aim is to study the non-verbal communication, the behavioural, kinetic, gestural and psychological profile of Mary. The paper will also focus on the hardships Mary faces and the ways she reconstructs female identity. The paper draws on the French feminist arguments about female madness as a form of resistance and it criticizes the conventional claim about madness as s form of weakness.

The COVID-19 pandemic placed an unprecedented demand on the NHS. In response, high-intensity rotas were implemented with short notice. This project aimed to fairly and safely step down the COVID response rota as normal working patters resumed. Assessment A cross-sectional survey was distributed to doctors on the medical COVID rota. It explored their views on the step-down process. The majority of respondents (68%) had concerns including discrepancy between on calls and lack of opportunity to plan leave. A document of key themes in the feedback was prepared and presented to senior clinical managers. Intervention and Improvement The new rota produced ensured an even distribution of shifts and honoured pre-existing leave. The new rota was compliant and ran to completion for every trainee. Comparison of stepping down to the trust rota vs our new rota reduced inter-trainee shift variation. Night shift discrepancy SD reduced from 2.89 to 0.97, long day (ward cover) on-calls reduced from SD 3.57 to 1.12 and long day (take) shifts SD 0.98 to 0.56. Following implementation a second cross-sectional survey was distributed. 85% agreed or strongly agreed that there was sufficient staffing levels ‘on call’ and 80% agreed or strongly agreed that there was sufficient staffing levels on the wards. 95% found they were able to take their annual leave and 80% agreed or strongly agreed that there was an even distribution of on-call and night shifts. Conclusion The success of our project relied on good engagement with colleagues to collect a representative view for leverage in discussions with seniors, and produced a result that was fairer for trainees, sustainable, and preferable for rota coordinators and senior clinical management. Active collaboration in the rota design process will improve junior doctor engagement, well-being and job satisfaction.

Background A bleep is a useful device to contact doctors urgently however, if not used properly can lead to delay in patient care. During weekend shifts it was noticed that doctors were getting bleeps for patients they were not covering. Aims and objectives The aim of this Quality improvement project (QIP) was to improve communication within the Paediatric Surgery department. We composed a poster outlining the bleep numbers for every surgical ward and then evaluated its effectiveness. Methods This is a prospective QIP carried out on the surgical wards from September to October 2020 at GOSH. A questionnaire was used to collect data which was then input into Microsoft excel for analysis. After the initial audit a poster was composed outlining the on-call bleep numbers and surgical speciality numbers, and delivered to each surgical ward. This was then re-audited with another questionnaire to collect data on its effectiveness. Results A total of 25 ward staff were included in this QIP. In the initial audit no staff members knew the bleep for the short-day weekend SHO and most staff were unaware which wards were being covered by the long day and short day SHO. After implementing the poster the number of staff knowing the weekend short day SHO and long day SHO bleep improved to 60% and 80% respectively . There was also an improvement in the number of staff members knowing which SHO to contact for each ward/speciality (15/25). Conclusion The poster has shown to improve the ease of communication for staff on the surgical wards and thus patient safety. However there is still room for further improvement. Further clarity is required outlining whether the SHOs are split via wards or specialities as there is crossover. We also feel ciscos may be more beneficial for weekend cover.

Tarih boyunca toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine karşı çıkan kadınlar ataerkil toplum tarafından çoğunlukla histerik, deli ya da tehlikeli olarak addedilmişlerdir. Kadınları delilikle bağdaştıran ve süregelen bu eğilim tiyatroda da yankı bulmuştur. Bu açıdan, bu çalışma Eupides’in Medea, Henrik İbsen’in Hedda Gabler ve Eugene O’Neill’in Günden Geceye adlı eserlerinde dayatılan normallik sınırlarını aşan aykırı kadınların resmedilişini inceleyecektir. Ekonomik olarak eşlerine bağımlı ve toplumsal beklentiler karşısında huzursuz hisseden Medea, Hedda ve Mary ataerkilliğe karşı koyuşlarıyla deliliğin sınırlarına itilen farklı dönemlerin trajik kadın kahramanlardır. Tutkularını ve görece özgürlüklerini feda ettikten sonra, bu alışılmadık kadın başkahramanlar dikte edilen toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini ve annelik imgesini reddedişlerinde buluşurlar ki bu karşı duruş Medea’nın öz oğullarını öldürmesine ve Hedda’nın hayatına son vermesine sebep olurken Mary’e gerçekle bağlantısını morfinle kesmekten başka çıkar yol bırakmaz., Throughout the history, women challenging their gender roles have mostly been labelled as hysterical, mad or dangerous by the patriarchal society. This long-seated tendency to associate women with insanity has also been echoed in drama. In that regard, this paper will explore the representation of nonconformist women who transgress the boundaries of imposed normality in Euripides’s Medea, Henric Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler and Eugene O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey into Night. Financially dependent and restless with societal expectations, Medea, Hedda and Mary are tragic heroines of different eras resisting patriarchy that finally bring them on the verge of madness. After having sacrificed their aspirations or relative freedom for their marriages, those atypical female protagonists meet on a common ground in their repudiation of the dictated gender roles and motherhood image, which leads Medea to murder her own sons and Hedda to end her life while leaving Mary no choice than cutting off from reality through morphine.

Vernalization is an important step for floral initiation in onion (Allium cepa), but our understanding of the minimum vernalization time for long-day storage onions to gain floral competence is limited. A series of time course experiments were conducted over 4 years to determine the effects of vernalization time on sprouting, scape emergence, and flowering in ‘Cortland’, ‘Sherman’, and CUDH2107. We found an endodormancy period is present in the bulbs of these cultivars that lasts for 8 to 10 weeks. In addition, these three accessions achieve optimum uniform scape emergence after chilling for 14 weeks at 10 °C. On average, when bulbs were chilled for 14 weeks, it took 96.8 ± 15.6 days from planting to flowering in all accessions evaluated. As storage duration under vernalizing temperatures increases, the time to sprouting, scape emergence, and flowering decrease. Furthermore, the variance in time from sprouting to scape emergence was greatly reduced between 10 and 12 weeks of storage for ‘Cortland’ and CUDH2107, and between 12 and 14 weeks for ‘Sherman’. After 10 weeks of chilling, each additional week of storage resulted in an average decrease in time to flowering of 4.1%. We also observed large percentages of bulbs flowering without receiving any vernalization. This observation supports our finding that the relationship between vernalization and flowering in long-day storage onion is facultative rather than obligate. These findings help define the relationship between dormancy, vernalization, and flowering in long-day storage onion.

Previous research has shown high-quality annual bedding plant seedlings can be produced in controlled environments using light-emitting diode (LED) sole-source lighting (SSL). However, when only red and blue radiation are used, a delay in time to flower may be present when seedlings of some long-day species are subsequently finished in a greenhouse. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effects of various radiation qualities and intensities under SSL on the morphology, nutrient uptake, and subsequent flowering of annual bedding plant seedlings with a long-day photoperiodic response. Coreopsis (Coreopsis grandiflora ‘Sunfire’), pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana ‘Matrix Yellow’), and petunia (Petunia ×hybrida ‘Purple Wave’) seedlings were grown at radiation intensities of 105, 210, or 315 µmol·m−2·s−1, achieved from LED arrays with radiation ratios (%) of red:blue 87:13 (R87:B13), red:far-red:blue 84:7:9 (R84:FR7:B9), or red:green:blue 74:18:8 (R74:G18:B8). Four-week-old seedlings were subsequently transplanted and grown in a common greenhouse environment. Stem caliper, root dry mass, and shoot dry mass of seedlings generally increased for all three species as the radiation intensity increased from 105 to 315 µmol·m−2·s−1, regardless of radiation quality. Similarly, stem length of all three species was generally shorter as the radiation intensity increased. Macro- and micronutrient concentrations were also generally lower as the radiation intensity increased for all three species. Pansy seedlings grown under R84:FR7:B9 flowered an average of 7 and 5 days earlier than those under R87:B13 and R74:G18:B8, respectively. These results provide information regarding the specific radiation parameters from commercially available LEDs necessary to produce high-quality seedlings under SSL, with radiation intensity appearing to be the dominant factor in determining seedling quality. Furthermore, the addition of far-red radiation can reduce time to flower after transplant and allow for a faster greenhouse turnover of some species with a long-day photoperiodic response.

Plants sense light and temperature changes to regulate flowering time. Here, we show that expression of the Arabidopsis florigen gene, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), peaks in the morning during spring, a different pattern than we observe in the laboratory. Providing our laboratory growth conditions with a red/far-red light ratio similar to open-field conditions and daily temperature oscillation is sufficient to mimic the FT expression and flowering time in natural long days. Under the adjusted growth conditions, key light signalling components, such as phytochrome A and EARLY FLOWERING 3, play important roles in morning FT expression. These conditions stabilize CONSTANS protein, a major FT activator, in the morning, which is probably a critical mechanism for photoperiodic flowering in nature. Refining the parameters of our standard growth conditions to more precisely mimic plant responses in nature can provide a powerful method for improving our understanding of seasonal response.

Children's language experiences in the first two years of life are inextricably connected with their current and future language and literacy development. Research has shown that mother–child shared reading of picture books is a practice that can promote this development. Little is known, however, about the shared reading experiences of infants attending early childhood education and care centres. This naturalistic study analysed the reading experiences of 10 infants observed during a three-hour period as they and their educators went about their typical activities in their early childhood education and care centres. Drawing on Halliday's systemic functional linguistic theory, which proposes a non-arbitrary relationship between language use and features of the material setting, this study analysed two aspects of the infants' shared reading experiences: the tenor (roles and relationships) realised in the educators' use of speech function, and the field (the topic or subject matter) realised in the vocabulary used. The manner in which these contextual variables are realised in the adult–child talk during shared reading affects the pedagogical potential of this practice. The findings reveal that the infants had little opportunity to initiate or participate in book-focused interactions with their educators, with implications for their language and literacy learning opportunities.

RETAINING EARLY CHILDHOOD TEACHERS in long day care (LDC) is a pressing challenge for Australia's reform agenda in early childhood education and care (ECEC). Case study research with five early childhood teachers in LDC revealed individual and contextual factors that enabled and challenged the teachers to stay in LDC. Drawing on social constructivist approaches, the research contributes empirically based insights that support the recruitment and retention of early childhood teachers in LDC.

Under natural short days, growers can use photoperiodic lighting to promote flowering of long-day plants and inhibit flowering of short-day plants. Unlike traditional lamps used for photoperiodic lighting, low-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) lamps allow for a wide array of adjustable spectral distributions relevant to regulation of flowering, including red (R) and white (W) radiation with or without far-red (FR) radiation. Our objective was to quantify how day-extension (DE) photoperiodic lighting from two commercially available low-intensity LED lamps emitting R + W or R + W + FR radiation interacted with daily light integral (DLI) to influence stem elongation and flowering of several ornamental species. Long-day plants [petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm.-Andr. ‘Dreams Midnight’) and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L. ‘Oh Snap Pink’)], short-day plants [african marigold (Tagetes erecta L. ‘Moonsong Deep Orange’) and potted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ‘Pacino Gold’)], and day-neutral plants [pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams. ‘Matrix Yellow’) and zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq. ‘Magellan Cherry’)] were grown at 20/18 °C day/night air temperatures and under low (6–9 mol·m−2·d−1) or high (16–19 mol·m−2·d−1) seasonal photosynthetic DLIs from ambient solar radiation combined with supplemental high-pressure sodium lighting and DE LED lighting. Photoperiods consisted of a truncated 9-hour day (0800–1700 hr) with additional 1-hour (1700–1800 hr, 10 hours total), 4-hour (1700–2100 hr, 13 hours total), or 7-hour (1700–2400 hr, 16 hours total) R + W or R + W + FR LED lighting at 2 μmol·m−2·s−1. Days to visible bud, plant height at first open flower, and time to first open flower (TTF) of each species were influenced by DLI, lamp type, and photoperiod though to different magnitudes. For example, plant height of african marigold and potted sunflower at first open flower was greatest under R + W + FR lamps, high DLIs, and 16-hour photoperiods. Petunia grown under R + W lamps, high DLI, and 10- and 13-hour photoperiods were the most compact. For all species, TTF was generally reduced under high DLIs. For example, regardless of the lamp type, flowering of african marigold occurred fastest under a high DLI and 10-hour photoperiod. Flowering of petunia and snapdragon occurred fastest under a high DLI, R + W + FR lamps, and a 16-hour photoperiod. However, only under high DLIs, R + W or R + W + FR lamps were equally effective at promoting flowering when used to provide DE lighting. Our data suggest that under low DLIs, flowering of long-day plants (petunia and snapdragon) occurs more rapidly under lamps providing R + W + FR, whereas under high DLIs, flowering is promoted similarly under either R + W or R + W + FR lamps.

In this interview with Glyn Daly, Slavoj Žižek talks about the birth of ‘The Society for Theoretical Psychoanalysis’, and his own overall philosophical approach. He touches upon his intellectual relationship to thinkers such as Martin Heidegger, Jacques Derrida, Immanuel Kant and of course Jacques Lacan. His sources of inspiration are not only these great theorists, but also his four year long day job as a minute taker for the Yugoslavian communist party, and his personal relationship to Jacques-Alain Miller who gives him his psychoanalytical upbringing.Oversat af Nicklas Weis Damkjær