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From the time of Irish independence in 1922 until the mid-1960s, a cohort of small, lay-run Catholic secondary schools operated in Ireland. They functioned to fill a gap that had existed in the network of Catholic clergy- and religious order-run secondary schools and catered for the minority of the population attending the majority of the secondary schools in the country. The (Catholic) Church authorities, who monopolised secondary school education and resented the intrusion of other parties into what they considered to be their sacred domain in this regard, only tolerated the establishment of lay-run schools in districts where it was not anxious to provide schools itself. This indicated the preference of the Church for educating the better-off in Irish society as the districts in question were mostly very deprived economically. The paper details the origins, growth and development of the lay-owned Catholic secondary schools. The attitude of the Church to their existence is then considered. The third part of the paper focuses on a particular set of lay schools established amongst what had been, for a long time, one of the most neglected areas in Ireland in terms of secondary school provision by the Catholic Church, namely, the Irish-speaking districts in the remote and impoverished areas in the north-west, west, south-west and south of the country, which were officially called the Gaeltacht districts.

In 2018 and 2019, the Vatican newspaper “L’Osservatore Romano” published two ground-breaking articles describing the psychological, physical and sexual abuse of nuns by clergymen of the Roman Catholic Church. The aim of this paper is to present the situation of consecrated women and the relationships between priests and nuns. The text will also attempt to discover possible reasons for the clergymen’s inappropriate behaviour towards nuns. To achieve this goal, the author refers to the status of women in the Catholic religion and examines documents issued by the Church that relate to the life and the functioning of women’s religious communities. The second part of the paper presents fragments of Spanish-language poetry and prose whose authors or heroines are nuns. The selected texts address the problem of the clergy’s discrimination against nuns. W 2018 i 2019 roku na łamach watykańskiej gazety „L’Osservatore Romano” opublikowano dwa przełomowe artykuły opisujące psychiczne, fizyczne i seksualne wykorzystywanie sióstr zakonnych przez duchownych Kościoła katolickiego. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie sytuacji kobiet konsekrowanych oraz zależności występujących pomiędzy nimi a męskimi przedstawicielami Kościoła. W tekście zostanie podjęta próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o przyczyny występowania przypadków nadużyć kleru względem zakonnic i mniszek. Posłuży ku temu przedstawienie kreowanego przez Kościół obrazu kobiety oraz wydanych przez tę instytucję dokumentów traktujących o życiu i funkcjonowaniu żeńskich wspólnot zakonnych. W drugiej części pracy omówione zostaną wybrane fragmenty z poezji i prozy hiszpańskojęzycznej różnych epok, których autorkami bądź bohaterkami są zakonnice. W tekstach tych porusza się problem dyskryminacji kobiet konsekrowanych przez duchownych.

RESUMEN El concepto desarrollo humano integral es central en la tradición social de la Iglesia. Sin embargo, poco se ha escrito acerca de su significado y alcance, más allá de las encíclicas y los comentarios que han suscitado. ¿Qué puede ofrecer el desarrollo humano integral al análisis y la acción social? Este escrito busca responder a esta pregunta a partir de cuatro encíclicas papales en las que se despliega la idea del desarrollo humano integral, y de la literatura sobre el desarrollo humano y el enfoque de las capacidades de Amartya Sen en el campo de las ciencias sociales que estudian procesos de desarrollo. A partir de este análisis comparado se llega a una perspectiva que denominaremos “una extensión espiritual del enfoque de las capacidades hacia el progreso de las personas”. ABSTRACT The concept of integral human development is central to the Catholic social tradition. Yet, it remains under-explored with regard to its integrating components and their implications. What does taking an integral human development perspective mean for social analysis and action? The paper seeks to answer this question on the basis of the four encyclicals in which the idea of integral human development is treated, and in combination with the literature on human development in the multidisciplinary social science field of international development studies and its conceptual foundations in Amartya Sen’s capability approach. Based on this comparative analysis, the paper proposes an understanding of integral human development that it calls a “spirituality-extended capability approach to the progress of peoples”. RESUMO O conceito de desenvolvimento humano integral é central na tradição social da Igreja. No entanto, pouco foi escrito sobre seu significado e alcance que fosse além das encíclicas e dos comentários que suscitaram. O que o desenvolvimento humano integral pode oferecer à análise e à ação social? Este texto busca responder a essa pergunta a partir de quatro encíclicas papais nas quais se desdobra a ideia do desenvolvimento humano integral e da literatura sobre o desenvolvimento humano e o enfoque das capacidades de Amartya Sen no campo das ciências sociais que estudam processos de desenvolvimento. A partir dessa análise comparada, chega-se a uma perspectiva que denominaremos de “uma extensão espiritual do enfoque das capacidades em direção ao progresso das pessoas”.

The article contains first complete and systematic analysis of the studies devoted to dogmatics and liturgy, the history and the modern state of Catholicism published by Kyiv Theological Academy professors and pupils in the journal “Trudy Kievskoi dukhovnoi akademii” starting from the 1860s to the beginning of 1900s. This paper considers the main problems, themes, ideas which became the subject of interest of the Kyiv thinkers in studying this Christian denomination as well as highlights the specificity of the approach of the authors to certain aspects of the issue raised in the articles. The main directions of research on Catholicism are singled out, and an attempt is made to give a characteristic to each of these directions: 1) researches of dogmatic and canonical principles of the Catholic Church (these investigatios were of polemical and historical-critical character); 2) history of Catholicism – history of cathedrals, papacy, missionary and educational activity of monastic orders in Western European and Ukrainian territories and at the same time the history of certain prominent personalities of Catholicism (groundbreaking historical researches characterized by attracting a considerable amount of archival documents, handwritten and printed primary sources, multiplying a source of research on the history of Catholicism); 3) review and assessment of the religious life of Western Europe in the middle of the 19th – early 20th centuries through the prism of important events within the Catholic Church (coverage of the modern challenges faced by Catholicism and the response of the Catholic Church to them).Consideration of the journal publications allows author to conclude that they present a rather fruitful experience of comprehending one of the most influential religious traditions of the Western Catholicism.Article received 16.09.2018

The aim of this paper is to analyze how prophecy and Apocalypse were used to interpret the events of the tumultuous period of 1793-1825. To that end, I have worked mainly with prophetic books and press. By putting in dialogue these sources with the events they interpreted, I have sought to recover the historicity of these documents to analyze the new ways they are expressed and to stress the significance of these documents to understand how political and cultural changes were perceived. To address these issues, the article focuses on four aspects showing the evolution of prophetic speeches in this period: the apocalyptic discourses about Napoleon, the prophecies looking for the restoration of the Old Regime, the anti-liberal prophecies and, finally, the dangers of prophecies for the Church. In this paper I have showed that the prophetic framework was part of the anti-liberal catholic political culture. The prophecy not only interpreted political events but also to fight the political enemy., El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo se recurrió al universo profético apocalíptico para interpretar los acontecimientos del convulso período 1793-1825. Para ello, se han trabajado fundamentalmente obras de inspiración profética y prensa de la época. Al poner en diálogo estas fuentes con los acontecimientos que interpretaban hemos buscado recuperar la historicidad de estos documentos, observar las nuevas formas y medios con los que se expresa el discurso profético y destacar su importancia para comprender cómo fueron percibidos los cambios políticos y culturales. Para abordar estas cuestiones, el artículo se centra en cuatro aspectos que ponen de relieve la evolución del discurso profético en el período analizado: los discursos apocalípticos en torno a Napoleón, las profecías sobre la restauración del orden, las profecías antiliberales y, finalmente, los peligros que planteaban las profecías para la Iglesia. En este artículo hemos podido ver cómo el marco profético formó parte de la cultura política católica de inspiración anti-liberal. La profecía no sólo sirvió para interpretar los acontecimientos políticos sino para combatir al enemigo político.

Resumen. Objetivo/Contexto: la religión se ha constituido en las últimas décadas en uno de los más potentes instrumentos a través del cual se canalizan aspiraciones políticas. Los clásicos paradigmas de la secularización fallaron en sus predicciones, y ni lo religioso se ha visto confinado al ámbito de lo privado ni ha desaparecido del espacio público. Este artículo se ocupa de una de las formas en que lo religioso se hace visible y reivindica su lugar en el espacio público. Metodología: el artículo aborda su objetivo partiendo del análisis de fuentes primarias -eclesiásticas, hemerográficas y fuentes provenientes de la Administración Pública española-, así como de la metodología desarrollada alrededor del estudio de los movimientos sociales y de la historia cultural de lo político. Originalidad: el texto aborda el viaje del papa Juan Pablo II a España en octubre y noviembre de 1982. Pocos días antes de su llegada, el Partido Socialista Obrero Español (psoe) había ganado las elecciones generales por una amplia mayoría absoluta. Por primera vez tras la muerte del general Franco, un partido nominalmente de izquierdas asumía el gobierno. En aquel contexto, la visita papal tuvo una gran relevancia política: en torno a Juan Pablo II se aglutinó una importante oposición mediática y política a ese nuevo gobierno. Conclusiones: mediante los viajes del Jefe del Estado Vaticano, la Iglesia católica moviliza a los católicos en las calles, lo que convierte a las manifestaciones para acompañar al papa en auténticas marchas en las que la reivindicación religiosa se confunde con la reivindicación política. El viaje analizado en este artículo, cuya lógica se repitió en multitud de espacios durante el papado de Juan Pablo II, nos muestra a una institución de un marcado carácter transnacional capaz de actuar como un auténtico agente político. Abstract. Objective/Context: in recent decades, religion has established itself as one of the most potent instruments to activate political aspirations. The classical paradigms of secularization failed in their predictions, and religion has neither been confined to the private sphere nor has it disappeared from public space. This article looks at how faith is made visible in a particular way and claims its seat in the public discourse. Methodology: the article engages with its objective starting from the analysis of primary sources-ecclesiastic documents, press reports, and references from Spanish Public Administration-and the methods developed around the study of social movements and the cultural history of the political milieu. Originality: the paper focuses on Pope John Paul II’s trip to Spain in October and November of 1982. A few days before his arrival, the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (psoe) had won the general elections by a vast absolute majority. For the first time after General Franco’s death, a nominally left-wing party took over the government’s control. In that context, the Papal visit had great political relevance: significant media and political opposition against that new government came together around John Paul II. Conclusions: through the trips of the Vatican State’s head, the Catholic Church mobilizes Catholics in the streets, which transforms the crowds turning out to accompany the Pope into actual marches in which religious recognition mixes with political demands. The trip analyzed in this article, whose logic echoed in multiple spaces during the Papacy of John Paul II, shows us an institution of a marked transnational character capable of acting as an authentic political agent. Resumo. Objetivo/Contexto: a religião vem se constituindo nas últimas décadas em um dos mais potentes instrumentos pelo qual são canalizadas aspirações políticas. Os clássicos paradigmas da secularização falharam em suas predições, demonstrando que nem o religioso se vê confinado ao âmbito do privado, nem desaparecido do espaço público. Este artigo trata de uma das formas em que o religioso se torna visível e reivindica seu lugar no espaço público. Metodologia : o artigo aborda seu objetivo partindo da análise de fontes primárias - eclesiásticas, hemerográficas e fontes provenientes da Administração Pública espanhola -, bem como da metodologia desenvolvida ao redor do estudo dos movimentos sociais e da história cultural do político. Originalidade : o texto discute a viagem do papa João Paulo II à Espanha em outubro e novembro de 1982. Poucos dias antes de sua chegada, o Partido Socialista Operário Espanhol (psoe) tinha ganhado as eleições gerais por uma ampla maioria absoluta. Por primeira vez após a morte do general Franco, um partido nominalmente de esquerda assumia o governo. Naquele contexto, a visita papal teve grande relevância política: em torno de João Paulo II, reuniu-se uma importante oposição midiática e política a esse novo governo. Conclusões : com as viagens do chefe do Estado do Vaticano, a Igreja católica mobiliza os católicos nas ruas, o que converte as manifestações para acompanhar o papa em autênticas marchas nas quais a reivindicação religiosa se confunde com a reivindicação política. A viagem analisada neste artigo, cuja lógica se repetiu muitas vezes durante o papado de João Paulo II, mostra-nos uma instituição de um marcado caráter transnacional capaz de atuar como autêntico agente político.

Oslanjajući se na objavljenu literaturu i neobjavljeno arhivsko gradivo, autori u radu obrađuju fenomen obnove katoličkoga tiska u Hrvatskoj tijekom 1960-ih, ponajprije u kontekstu crkveno-državnih odnosa toga vremena. Proces obnove Katoličke crkve, potaknut Drugim vatikanskom koncilom, s jedne strane te želja jugoslavenskih vlasti da ponovno normaliziraju odnose s Crkvom u tadašnjoj Jugoslaviji, ali i obnove 1952. jednostrano prekinute diplomatske odnose sa Svetom Stolicom s druge strane otvorili su mogućnost da Crkva u Hrvatskoj obnovi i neke svoje javne/društvene djelatnosti, koje su joj od 1945. bile sustavno uskraćivane, među kojima je istaknuto mjesto zauzelo ponovno pokretanje njezina tiska koji je država 1945. ugušila. Tu je priliku Crkva 1960-ih uspješno iskoristila, a obnovljeni katolički tisak naišao je na velik interes publike te su se u samo nekoliko godina umnožili i broj osnovanih/obnovljenih listova i njihova naklada., Relying on the published literature and unpublished archival material, the authors of this paper analyse the phenomenon of the restoration of the Catholic press in Croatia in the 1960s, primarily in the context of the Church-state relations of that time. The process of renewing the Catholic Church, prompted by the Second Vatican Council and the desire of the Yugoslav authorities to normalise relations with the Church in the then Yugoslavia on the one hand, and the restoration of the severed diplomatic relations with the Holy See in 1952 on the other, opened the way for the possibility that the Church in Croatia could restore some of its public/social activities, which had been systematically denied since 1945. A prominent place in this process was the restoration of the Catholic press, which had been shut down by the state authorities in 1945. The Church successfully took advantage of this opportunity in the 1960s, and the restored Catholic press was received with great interest in the public. In only a few years, the number of established/restored publications grew, as did their circulations.

Složenost odnosa jugoslavenske komunističke vlasti prema Katoličkoj Crkvi u okviru stvaranja novoga socijalističkoga društveno-političkoga uređenja tema je o kojoj će se u ovom radu progovoriti na temelju analize odnosa tiska prema Katoličkoj Crkvi u razdoblju od 1952. do 1970. godine. Na primjeru provedene kvantitativno-kvalitativne analize članaka objavljenih u vinkovačkom listu Novosti u odabranom razdoblju prikazat će se rezultati o učestalosti pojavljivanja, kao i kontekst u okviru kojega su se pojavljivale odabrane ključne riječi za analizu digitaliziranoga oblika novina (Katolička Crkva, svećenici, religija/religioznost, kler/klerikalizam, crkva, vjera, kršćanstvo). Na taj način cilj je analize tjednika Novosti utvrditi uočavaju li se određene promjene u odnosu tiska prema Katoličkoj Crkvi u razdoblju dugom devetnaest godina za vrijeme kojega se odvilo više događanja ključnih za propitivanje sveukupnoga odnosa Jugoslavije prema Katoličkoj Crkvi (od prekida diplomatskih odnosa između Svete stolice i Jugoslavije, potpisivanja Protokola, sve do ponovne uspostave diplomatskih odnosa)., The complexity of the Yugoslav communist government’s attitude towards the Catholic Church under the creation of a new socialist socio-political system is the topic that will be discussed in this paper based on the analysis of the press’s attitude towards the Catholic Church in the period from 1952 to 1970. Based on the quantitative-qualitative analysis of articles published in the Vinkovci newspaper Novosti in the selected period, we will show the frequency of occurrence results and the context in which the selected keywords for the analysis of the digital version of the newspaper appeared (Catholic Church, priests, religion/religiosity, clergy/clericalism, church, faith, Christianity). Thus, the analysis of the weekly Novosti aims to determine whether we can observe certain changes in the attitude of the press towards the Catholic Church over nineteen years, during which several events took place to question Yugoslavia’s overall attitude towards the Catholic Church (from the severance of diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Yugoslavia, the signing of the Protocol, all the way to the re-establishment of diplomatic relations).

The article presents the first attempt of a complete analysis of historic studies of Protestantism, published by the Kyiv Theological Academy professors and students in the journal “Trudy Kievskoi dukhovnoi academii” starting from the 1860s to the beginning of the 1900s. The author outlines the main directions of historical studies, including the history of the main religious protestant directions, trends, and movements; the history of theological problems; the history of the modern Protestant movements, aimed at union with Orthodoxy; the history of dogmatic and canonical Protestant principles; the history of the symbolic and liturgical books of religious denominations; research of prereform movements; and biographical studies. The article proves the effectiveness of comparative and hermeneutic methods used by Kyiv historians in determining the specifics of religious phenomena. It has established that a characteristic feature of their historical studies is the consideration of religious phenomena in the broad historical perspective by clarifying the historical preconditions of formation and development of these phenomena. The analysis of historical studies shows transformation in Kyiv historians understanding of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of religious traditions different from Orthodoxy. In the works on the history of Protestantism from the 1860s till the 1870s the use of dogmatic-theological approach is common, while in the studies from the 1880s to the beginning of the 1900s the use of church-historical approach is widespread. The first dogmatic-theological approach concentrates on researching only dogmatic principles of a certain religion, while the second church-historical approach pays attention to the definition of the religious phenomenon specificity. The Jjournal publications present the results of the Kyiv Theological Academy professors’ and students’ involvement in the solution of the actual Church life problems in the end of the 19th– beginning of the 20th century, such as the problem of Anglican and Orthodox Churches dialogue. Article received 16.02.2019

This research aims to analyze the representations of family, marriage, motherhood and women in Catholic Church s discourse, based on the apostolic and encyclicals letters, Catholic Church s Catechism, catechesis on human love, produced in the pontificate of João Paulo II. Through other written documentary sources and inspired by Vatican II, including the informative O Vagalume and Diretrizes para a Catequese da Diocese de Uberlândia, analyzed sources observe the reality of Uberlândia city. With the aid of theoretical and methodological references that address the social imaginary, social representations and gender, we analyze the practices of catechesis, considering the relationship between the texts of doctrine and religious practices of Catholic women entered this religious field. The gender category is used to realize how social representations are constructed and engineered into the religious sphere, but also to observe the deviations of some Catholic women to the standard dictated by the Church. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the fact that women who classify themselves as Catholic and practitioners present tensions in certain situations, different views regarding the doctrine and guidelines for Catholic practice. Feminist Theology in conjunction with the gender category is presented as a movement within and outside the Church, we noted the adverse attitudes and religious practices of Catholic norms. An attempt is thus highlight the historical, Women practices, particularities within the Catholic character, demonstrating multiplicity of powers, although exercised discreetly, is present within the Church. A presente pesquisa propôs a analisar as representações de família, casamento, maternidade e mulher no discurso da Igreja Católica, tomando por base as cartas apostólicas e encíclicas, catecismo da Igreja Católica, catequeses sobre o amor humano, produzidas no pontificado de João Paulo II. Por intermédio de outras fontes documentais escritas e inspiradas pelo Concílio Vaticano II, entre elas o informativo O Vagalume e Diretrizes para a Catequese da Diocese de Uberlândia, fontes analisadas observamos a realidade da cidade de Uberlândia. Com o auxílio de referências teórico-metodológicas que tratam do imaginário social, representações sociais e de gênero, analisa-se as práticas da catequese, considerando-se a relação entre os textos da doutrina e as práticas religiosas das mulheres católicas inseridas nesse campo religioso. A categoria gênero é utilizada para percebermos como as representações sociais são construídas e engendradas dentro da esfera religiosa, mas também para observarmos os desvios de algumas mulheres católicas em relação à norma ditada pela Igreja. A proposta deste trabalho é problematizar o fato de que mulheres que se classificam como católicas e praticantes apresentam em determinadas situações tensões, diferenças de concepções em relação à doutrina e às diretrizes para a prática católica. A Teologia Feminista em conjunto com a categoria gênero se apresenta como um movimento dentro e fora da Igreja, constatando-se posturas e práticas religiosas adversas às normas católicas. Procura-se, assim, evidenciar o caráter histórico, das práticas das mulheres, particularidades no âmbito da religião católica, demonstrando multiplicidade de poderes, embora seja exercido de forma discreta, está presente dentro da Igreja. Mestre em História

El estudio de la Acción católica durante el franquismo ha sido hasta el momento objeto de escasa atención por parte de los investigadores, a pesar de la relevancia de su protagonismo social. El objeto específico de este trabajo es presentar algunas de las fuentes escritas y orales que pueden ser utilizadas para la reconstrucción de esa historia. Previamente se esboza la evolución general de la A.C. durante el franquismo, dedicando especial atención a un momento, los años sesenta, en el que la proyección social y política de esas organizaciones apostólicas adquiere mayor relevancia e interés. Pues más que el estudio interno de las diversas asociaciones, lo que aquí interesa sobre todo es el de su proyección externa, social mental y política.In spite of its relevance from a social point of view, the research on the Acción Católica during the Francoism has been limited. The aim of this paper is to introduce some of the written and oral sources that can be used to study its history. This paper analyze the general evolution of Acción Católica during the Franco years, with an special focus in the sixties, when the política! and social influence of this apostolic institution was most decisive. This study is centered in the external, social, mental and political influence, more than in the inside story of the differents organizations.

When the City of the Name of God of Macao marked 400 years of Portuguese administration in 1956, the Catholic community’s participation was marked by a wide range of activities that included liturgical celebrations, public processions and other devotions that involved large numbers of the lay faithful, members of confraternities, in addition to the clergy and religious of the enclave. Twenty-one years later the Diocese of Macao celebrated its own quatercentenary with celebrations of a decidedly more sober character and at the retrocession of Macao to Chinese control in December 1999, other than a few liturgical events and hierarchical presence at civic ceremonies, the Church was all but invisible. As the Diocese of Macao plans for its 450th anniversary, some of the former richness has begun to return. This paper outlines the long ebb tide and now-nascent flow of the tide of Catholic public piety in Macao over this period by reference to the Catholic religious processions of the City and seeks to offer tentative explanations grounded in the theological, ecclesial, political and cultural winds that have blown across the Pearl River Delta since the end of the Second World War.

Significant numbers of practising Roman Catholics dissent from the Church’s orthodox teachings, especially those relating to sex, gender and contraception. Many such dissenters even occupy positions of ecclesiastical authority themselves. This raises interesting questions about how dissent manifests differently in various Christian traditions; how disagreement about fundamental principles only become legible if expressed in particular ways. This paper draws on research on Roman Catholic Woman priests whose claim to sacerdotal legitimacy rests on their having been ordained in apostolic succession by bishops within the Roman Catholic Church. It asks how do women priests negotiate both difference and repetition at the very same time. The ethnography prompts deeper reflection on Christianity’s long history of dissent which I argue has been written from a predominantly male and Protestant perspective. One in which dissent that leads to institutional differentiation is prioritized over dissent borne quietly that seeks to contain itself.

Autor u radu na temelju dostupne arhivske građe i relevantne literature analizira metode djelovanja komunističkoga represivnog aparata u Narodnoj Republici / Socijalističkoj Republici Hrvatskoj protiv Katoličke crkve od 1951. do 1965. godine. U radu se prvi put navode brojčani podaci o suradnicima Udbe iz crkvenih redova te organizacija i pojedinaca usko povezanih s Katoličkom crkvom., After the establishment of communist rule in Yugoslavia and the elimination of all political opponents, the Catholic Church remained the only strong and well-organised institution in which the communists saw a possible opponent. This is why the communist authorities carried out a series of repressive and political measures in order to prevent its public activities and weaken its influence in society. Bishops and priests were assassinated or imprisoned, Church property was confiscated, religious publications and seminaries were banned, religious schools were closed and ordinands pressured to give up on studying for priestly vocations, a propaganda campaign was launched against the Church and its priests, priests were scrutinized (especially through clerical associations) and recruited as informants for the secret services, and a series of other measures was carried out with the goal of weakening the influence of the Church in society. The main operational role in the implementation of these measures was played by law enforcement services, primarily the State Security Administration and the other services of the Secretariat of the Interior as well as the Counterintelligence Service, which concerned itself mostly with ecclesiastical persons performing compulsory military service in the Yugoslav People’s Army. These services’ annual reports for Croatia from 1951 to 1965 and their analyses and studies, which only became available to the public in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb in 2017, offer us insights into law enforcement’s views on the conditions in the Catholic Church, their assessments of its ‘hostile’ activities, and the ways in which they planned their activities and carried out certain anti-Church measures. In addition, this paper is the first to present the actual numerical indicators of priests and other Church officials or persons closely connected to the work of the Church who were in various ways employed as a part of the collaborator networks of communist secret services in their activities regarding the Catholic Church in the stated period. It is important to highlight that the vast majority of these persons agreed to collaborate due to pressure or blackmail, for the most part failed to produce the results that the State Security Administration had expected of them, and were therefore often removed from the collaborator network. The State Security Administration benefited little from this network, and the fact that it failed to achieve its goals in its struggle against the Catholic Church confirms this.