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Based on Jef Verschueren's Adaptation Theory, Lakoff's definition and Prince et al.'s classification of hedges, this paper takes New York Times and China Daily from January 23rd to April 8th, 2020 as corpus sources, randomly selects 39 COVID-19 reports, and makes a contrastive study of hedges among them, aiming at exploring the similarities and differences in the use of hedges in COVID-19 reports selected from Chinese and American mainstream newspapers and further revealing their influencing factors.

This study focuses on the investigation of frequency and distribution of the active, passive sentences and nominalized structures in new reports about "the terrorist attack in Ankara on October 10th" (2015) across British and American newspapers. In the light of this purpose, the following research questions are addressed: 1. How is the news about the terrorist attack in Ankara reported in British and American newspapers as far as active, passive sentences and nominalized structures are concerned? 2. What are the frequencies and distributions of active, passive sentences and nominalized structures in news reports across British and American newspapers? The data of the study are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by finding out the frequencies and distributions of the structures, and by explaining examples from the document analysis process respectively. American newspapers were found to present the agent more frequently compared to British newspapers. The results of the study show that there are instances of passivization in mitigating a claim about the agent, or attenuating to present the details of the events. The journalists use active voice in describing the actions and events whereas they prefer passive voice in presenting the actions in which the agent is unknown or irrelevant. As the newspapers examined within the domain of this study are the most circulating and leading newspapers, the choice of these structures and their potential role in conveying ideology have crucial role in presentation of the image of Turkey in external media (i.e. the news reported abroad about Turkey). [This research study was presented at the Corpora and Discourse International Conference (June 30-July 2, 2016) Siena University, Italy.]

The article presents information on the controversy known as "Memogate." On November 14, 2003, just as the United States Senate was ending its historic forty-hour grand debate on filibustered judicial nominations, the "Wall Street Joumal" published an editorial containing excerpts from memoranda and talking points prepared for Senators Edward Kennedy and Richard Durbin concerning Democratic strategies for blocking the confirmation of judicial nominations by the Senate Judiciary Committee.

The article discusses the significance of the field-oriented academic conference series in the U.S. According to the author, the publication was a unique inception in 1970 because it has inspired imitation of the editors Arthur Okun and George Perry who were the first to understand the value of field-oriented academic conference series. Its hostility to the real business cycle model is easier to explain and reflects well on the editors. It has been said that the smaller general-equilibrium models was an easy way to better understand the transition from hostility to the big models to the smaller ones.

This article focuses on careers in journalism. A staff position as a science journalist is as rare as it is coveted. In fact, many more opportunities exist for public information officers or freelance writers. Whatever the position, the ability to communicate is the common denominator. People who write about science for a living fall into two broad categories. There's science journalism and science writing, and those are two different things, says Deb Blum, president of the U.S. National Association of Science Writers (NASW), which promotes both roles. Blum says that journalism is undergoing a revival that reflects an upturn in U.S. advertising dollars.

The article presents information on the psychology of newspapers along with an exhaustive study of the treatment, which Boston newspapers accorded to revision of the Neutrality Act that gripped the attention of the U.S. in the fall of 1939. This investigation is based upon a complete sample of weekday and Sunday editions of English-language newspapers published in Boston, Massachusetts. The extent to which this simplification of the story took place in the Boston papers was estimated as carefully as possible. The evidence indicates that editors and newswriters attempt to give as comprehensive and adequate a representation of events as they dare; while the readers insist upon selecting, sharpening, and pointing the issue still further to suit their desire for simplification and definiteness. Newspapers must dramatize and select in order to produce in their readers the emotional integration required for a good fight. A newspaper's pattern of influence is built around its editorial policy. Most papers do to a certain extent select news items favoring the editorial policy of the paper, and reject those that are opposed. In summary, the evidence reported in this study is interpreted as supporting five generalizations which are offered here as tentative laws in the new field of the psychology of newspapers: (1) issues are skeletonized; (2) any given newspaper's field of influence is well-patterned; (3) readers are more emotional than editors; (4)public interest as reflected in newspapers is variable in time; (5) public interest rapidly fatigues and presses for an early closure.

The article focuses on the American Public Health Association (APHA) and the "American Journal of Public Health." APHA has endured political and fiscal adversity, adopted a global public health mission, worked through staff departures and embraced a change in leadership with the appointment of Georges C. Benjamin as its newest executive director. In moving all of the opinion pieces, departments, feature articles and forums to the front section of the journal we were both radical and pragmatic. But listing the types of papers or table-of-contents is not the same as defining or developing a written concept statement for the front section of the journal. The challenge of finding a compelling image to feature on the cover effectively symbolizes the underlying tensions involved in composing the physical layout of the journal. And so, the cover of every issue of the journal serves as the rallying point for a public health topic we hope to advance through the issue. If we are to contribute to social change that eliminates health and other inequalities, we need to continue to enlist committed and devoted public health partners inside and outside the health sector to work with us.

This article focuses on the analysis of editorials on national and international affairs published in ten newspapers in the state of Texas. The ten papers chosen appear to be the dominant metropolitan newspaper influences of Texas. The sample covers editorials published from early September through December 15, 1945, together with some fifty additional editorials published between December 11 and December 31, 1945. One paper, the Dallas Times Herald, showed greatest concern for national and international issues. The Times Herald's greatest interest was community affairs. While the Dallas Morning News and the Houston Post were primarily interested in national and international problems, they also allocated a high number of editorials to local activities. The San Antonio Light had no editorials on local or state matters, 1036 editorials covered the national scene. However, since many of these editorials discussed more than one subject, 1838 topic references were noted. Texas editorials carried 381 references to phases of organized labor and industrial strife. All except the Houston Post published a total of 60 editorials blaming labor, primarily, for the strike epidemic. The Post's editorials, while usually anti-labor, took no position in this regard. Ten papers published 103 editorials urging some form of legislation.

This article studies the image of the United States in the British Press. The author says that if the British press is accused of sensationalism or degeneration it is said to have been Americanized by a process of both good and bad general imitation. In a recent survey it was revealed that of some 520 representative and influential Britons, 410 relied upon the British press to keep them informed about the U.S. British school children's primary source was the cinema, which was apparently six times more effective than the next source, British newspapers. Student opinion was evenly divided on the statement, "British newspapers should print more news about the United States." America is more strongly represented in news-gathering agencies in Great Britain than Great Britain is in the United States. There are ten or more American papers and seven news services with offices in London, England. American crime receives more space than all the crime of all the rest of the world, and so does American sex-life.

Recently there have been several denouncers of the foreign language press who have pictured it as an un-American monster that is preparing to overthrow the Government. Actually the foreign languages press in the U.S. is a typical American product that is generally conservative and loyal to American institutions. There are certainly not 85 per cent or more of the foreign language newspapers that are radical as some guessing statistician announced a short time ago. At the present time there is less than 6 per cent of the foreign language press that may be called radical. These "red" papers besides represent just about the same percentage of the total circulation of the immigrant press in this country. Another thing that annoys some of the Americans is that there are more than two foreign language newspapers in the U.S., which reach a population of nearly 10,000,000. If an immigrant wanted to find out about the U.S. and its institutions, the American press would not be a good place for him to resort. What he would find there would presuppose an elementary American education to grasp, and any way many of the American newspapers would tell him almost nothing about American institutions and ideals except perhaps prohibition.

This article focuses on the British Press Inquiry. The importance of the media of mass communication for the successful functioning of democratic government has perhaps been more discussed in the U.S. than in Great Britain. The fact is that newspapers are bigger business in England than in any other country. The inter-relationship of the basic elements, circulation, advertising and revenue, is not essentially different from that in the press of the U.S., but certain conditions not existing in equal degree elsewhere have facilitated a concentration and grouping of ownership quite without precedent. The press of a nation of newspaper readers is evidently in for a thorough going-over. Between parliamentary sessions the Cabinet decided to leave the motion for an inquiry to open vote of the House of Commons. This, under the circumstances, assured an investigation, though it kept the Government skirts free in theory of the charge of interference with the press.

The aim of this study is to determine the criteria according to which world news presented in the Soviet Union-controlled press of Berlin, Germany is selected. Berlin of today, with its four sectors under U.S., British, Russian and French control respectively, offers a fertile field for the application of content analysis techniques developed in this country during the war. From the start of the quadripartite occupation Berliners have been aware that the press in the Soviet sector of Berlin differs radically from that in the sectors controlled by the Western Powers. Differences have not been confined to the editorial pages but have extended to the news columns. It is of particular importance to attempt to isolate criteria of selection at this time, since a critical news-print shortage limits nearly all German papers to one page or less of world news, and only a small percentage of available dispatches can be given space.

The article offers developments related to the publication's "Molecular Psychiatry" in the U.S. It is revealed that the journal evolved rapidly since its debut in 1996. It already receive more than 700 papers annually but it can only publish a fraction of what it receives. It also has its blog which enables authors to give summaries of their works.

The merits of two competing views of newspaper bias are evaluated using the New York Times' coverage of racial controversies in New York City between 1960 and July 1964. The idea that the news is biased receives only limited support. Minority actors were not prohibited successfully from presenting their case to the public, were seen as initiating a variety of actions and received similar placement in the paper for their activities as more powerful political adversaries received. The conditions under which information derived from newspaper stories can be treated as a reliable and valid record of conflicts are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the proposal of Columbia University journalism professor Allen Sinclair Will to form an Alliance of American newspapers and schools of journalism through a national organization. Will pointed out the need of a closer contact between newspapers and schools of journalism and the cited the need of an organization that should serve in the journalistic field like the American Medical Association.

This paper explores journalists' reactions to economic constraints and technological transformations in two cities: Toulouse, France, and Seattle, United States. Through semi-structured interviews, we show that journalists in both places either endure these conditions, invest in them as professional opportunities, or ignore them altogether. Drawing on Bourdieu, we argue that these distinct responses are shaped in part by a journalist's position in the field: those in low positions tend to endure; those in intermediate positions generally invest; and those in high positions are likely to ignore. We also suggest that the meanings of these responses vary according to the distinctive fields in which journalists are embedded, with the reactions of Toulouse journalists generally less market-oriented than their Seattle counterparts. These findings, and the theoretical perspective that enables them, are positioned in relation to case studies that analyze journalists' reactions and comparative survey research that explores similarities and differences in such reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the characteristics of the press during months of July, August and September of 1940, which were strongly reminiscent of July, August, and September of 1916. Amongst the similarities it is seen that during both the periods a Democratic President was running for re-election. Fear of being involved in a European war was topmost in the minds of the voters, and the national defense and foreign policies were hotly debated issues of the campaign. Especially there is a striking similarity in the attacks upon the administration in power for "failure to adequately build up the national defense." The National Newspaper Week that began on Monday, September 30 was devoted to making the American public aware of the value of a free press. The U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Wendell L. Willkie, the Republican candidate, wrote National Newspaper Week letters emphasizing the necessity of a free press in upholding democracy, and most of the daily papers in the country published their letters. All of the straight Republican and independent Republican newspapers in the country supported Willkie's candidacy for the Presidency. Less than one-half of the newspapers which described themselves as independent Democratic were supporting Roosevelt.

This article focuses on connected factors that contribute to United States (US) media reporting on anthropogenic climate change science. It analyses US newspapers and television news from 1995 to 2006 as well as semi-structured interviews with climate scientists and environmental journalists. Through analyses of power and scale, the paper brings together issues of framing in journalism to questions of certainty/uncertainty in climate science. The paper examines how and why US media have represented conflict and contentions, despite an emergent consensus view regarding anthropogenic climate science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the contribution of Dr. George Rosen to the literature of American public health. Details related to Rosen's life and career development as an editor, physician, teacher, and historian are reviewed. It is stated that he opened the first issue of the "Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences," in 1946 and among the finest examples of his contribution to public health literature, are his studies on the hazards of medical occupation. Also included is a discussion of his paper "Urbanization, Occupation and Disease in the United States: 1870-1920. The Case of New York City."

Presents editorial activities that covers the period from December 1, 1967, through November 30, 1968 in the journal "Annals of the Association of American Geographers" in the U.S. Inclusion of the manuscripts; Maximum length of the papers; Submission of reports during the annual meeting.

The treatment of news about the United States in newspapers of the world is, of course, a matter of major interest to the country and people so portrayed. The article presents information on Australian and New Zealand newspaper coverage of the United States. The analysis was undertaken to find out what was being said about the United States in the eight publications, and how it was being said. Seventeen subject-matter categories were developed to analyze all U.S. news, diplomacy and foreign relations, internal governmental affairs and politics, economic activity, defense and military, labor and agriculture, science and medicine, space, religion and education, crime and justice, national morale and character, race relations, prominent individuals, the arts, culture, and entertainment, human interest, accidents and disasters, sports, and miscellaneous. To place findings of the study in proper perspective, it was necessary to determine news hole of each of the eight publications. A sub-sample was drawn from the twenty four issues of each newspaper, using the same procedure as for the original sample. The average news hole was computed for each. Display and classified advertising, daily horse-racing forms, stock-market listings, radio and television listings, comic strips, and crossword puzzles were considered standing items in all the newspapers studied and thus excluded from news hole.