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In recent decades, disruptive media events, such as major terrorist attacks, have gained increasing relevance in news coverage around the world. Despite the growing importance of such globally broadcast media events, little research to date has examined cross-national variation in event coverage or the predictors of this variation. This study examines news coverage about the 9/11 terror attacks in the United States across 51 countries to analyze whether the topical focus and emotional tone of news coverage about the attacks varied according to a country's proximity to the United States and the dominant role perceptions of its journalistic culture. We show that these macro-level predictors are associated in varying degrees with the country-level topical focus and emotional tone of reporting over the 30 days following this salient event. Moreover, our analysis also suggests that temporal developments may have uniformly structured much of this worldwide coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, journalism cannot remain oblivious to the innovations brought about by the socio-technological reality. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the technologies on the rise, although the Spanish media have incorporated it little, experimentally and in specific sections. This research has two objectives: 1) to know the state of development of AI in the Spanish digital media and the industry's perception of the impact of this technology on the profession; 2) to explore a human vs synthetic text generation detection method to assess whether generative AI is being used in media. A comparative study was carried out between two media of reference in Spain, one matrix and conservative ideology (El Mundo), and another digital native and progressive trend (eldiario.es). The methodology was based on methodological triangulation and included a survey and an experiment with ChatGPT to detect whether a sample of texts published in these two media was created by humans or machines. The results diagnose that none of these newspapers apply AI, although they are designing plans to do so, and that there seems to be a lack of AI experts in the newsrooms, although a significantly higher predisposition towards AI in the native media is not confirmed as opposed to the matrix. The analyses carried out confirm that generative AI is not used to create texts. The method applied can be used in other studies because its validity is confirmed to provide clues about the human or artificial origin of journalistic texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News media and journalists must adapt to emerging platforms in order to respond to changing news consumption habits. This article addresses the trend of Social Media Live Streaming on Twitch, a platform that has experienced significant growth since 2020. The research pursues the main objective of finding out how Spanish media and journalists are adapting to this platform and what possibilities it offers to the journalistic profession, in terms of business model as well as in communicative style, formats and relationship with the audience. An exploratory analysis made it possible to identify 55 channels and to establish, in the first phase of the research, two categories of study: channels driven by journalists --with a background in digital or legacy media-- or by news media --digital natives or legacy ones--. In a second phase, seven representative cases were studied through content analysis of their profiles and streams, as well as interviews with the promoters. The results reflect an initial stage in the development of news initiatives on Twitch, characterized by experimentation and diversity of projects. In general, there is no great innovation in content and formats, which are based on conversation. There is a hybridization of information and entertainment in live broadcasts which, although providing rigorous information and featuring experts, maintain a relaxed tone and make use of humor. The relationship with the audience is built through the chat, a central element during broadcasts, and subscriptions from viewers, which are the main source of income for the channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates, using an exploratory methodology, the narrative strategies engendered by the Unhappening's scope in the informative coverage of the São Paulo press, from 2015 to 2020. Specifically, it maps, in the newspapers O Estado de S. Paulo and Folha de S.Paulo, the techniques of journalistic verification triggered by such matrix in the coverage of unmarked facts, in a methodological expedient that chooses to arrange, in an analytical branch, the sensitive investigation procedure that characterizes the Unevent in two topic-dynamics: i) dialogue; and ii) in-person act. It is evident, through data visualization, that the dialogic is a predominant feature of the sensitive capture devices mobilized by the Unevent, due to the comprehensive inclination of this matrix towards the Other and, also, aspects of information production that involve the provision of material resources, financial and human for in-person approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary societies, communication becomes increasingly plural, with the multiplication of information channels, connections, and social actors. On the one hand, this promotes greater democratization of communication and information systems, but, on the other hand, these become increasingly complex, requiring a growing degree of literacy to understand the value of each message and its potential impact. In this context, this article highlights the privileged role that professional journalism has in promoting media literacy, largely thanks to its ability to reach different audiences and actively contribute to opinion-forming processes. With this objective in mind, three projects are discussed involving the newspapers Público (Portugal) and O Estado de S.Paulo (Brazil), as well as the BBC (United Kingdom). It concludes that there is a need to diversify the role of journalism, which is often reduced to promoting knowledge about news production methods. The theoretical-methodological framework adopted is based on Cultural Studies, Critical Discourse Studies and Communication and Media Studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we discuss the precarious labor environment of Brazilian journalists with relation to platformization and the impacts it has had on the profession. This discussion is based on research data conducted on the work of journalists in Brazil, and primarily on the analysis of the results from the Brazilian Journalist Profile 2021 survey. The online survey consisted of a total of 3,100 professionals working in the field of journalism throughout the country. Data reliability is 95%, with a 2.3% margin of error. The study shows that around 60% of journalists work with online media, and more than half work from home - most of whom paid a high price for this as they were placed under a high level of stress with heavy workloads and overtime. Additionally, 50% of professionals in other communications fields have had to develop social networking roles that are unrelated to their job description. The discussion of this data, in view of precariousness and platformization, leads us to conclude that journalism professionals are subject to working conditions that have an impact on the quality of their physical and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes four online school newspapers produced in Brazilian high school (Ensino Médio), aiming to explain how these school newspapers are configured as a hypergenre (Bonini, 2011b). To achieve this, were surveyed the genres which constitute those newspapers (organizing, functioning and support genres), as well as the themes evoked and, based on de Palácios (2003), the use of online journalism mechanisms, especially interactivity, hypertextuality and multimediality. The analyzed issues presented characteristics of an online digital hypergenre, showing blog and conventional journalism shapes, and also, although in a restrict way, categories of online journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Popular media play a critical role in informing the public about antibiotic resistance, which has remained a health concern for over seven decades. Media attention increases the notoriety of antibiotic resistance and shapes the public's perception of its severity, causes, and solutions. Therefore, it is critical the media accurately portray scientific knowledge that may shape personal and policy responses to antibiotic resistance. Methods: We analyzed articles from two major U.S. newspapers, The New York Times and Los Angeles Times, from 1940 to 2019 to assess trends in sentiment and lexicon surrounding antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance. Results: We observed a gradual increase in the number of relevant articles about resistance, although far fewer than other topics with comparable mortality rates. We found a consistently threatening portrayal of antibiotic resistance as a crisis, reflected in the usage of terms such as "superbug" to refer to some pathogens. Governmental agencies responsible for determining antibiotic usage policies were infrequently mentioned in articles. Blame for resistance was almost exclusively attributed to inappropriate antibiotic use, mainly in animals, rather than appropriate uses of antibiotics. Conclusions: Collectively, our results provide insights into how popular media can more accurately inform the public about antibiotic resistance. Potential changes include increasing news coverage, avoiding fear-mongering, and adequately conveying the multiple uses of antibiotics that can potentiate resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this dialogue, the journalist, poet, blogger, cultural agitator and actor Fernando Alexandre speaks about culture, music, poetry, art, theatre. He worked in the main press agencies from Brazil and created the journal Lira Paulistana. This is a contribution to interested in know a history of press, of art, of culture and of music from Brazil. It is an opportunity for the general public and for researchers to learn more about an important moment in Brazilian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite much theorizing on the quality of journalism, there is limited actual empirical evidence for the effects of improved news quality on societal outcomes. This study provides such evidence for suicide reporting. News quality especially matters in this domain, as low-quality reporting can elicit "copycat" suicides (Werther effect). We developed and disseminated a web-based campaign promoting high-quality suicide reporting, targeting newsrooms in Germany. Twenty-two newsrooms participated. A content analysis (N  =   4,015 articles) provided supporting evidence for an increase in high-quality reporting (Study 1). Interrupted time series analyses offered tentative evidence for a reduction in actual suicides (Study 2). Acknowledging limitations in terms of causal interpretations, the findings support the claim that high-quality news can save lives. Similar newsroom interventions run elsewhere may contribute to preventing suicides globally. We discuss the implications, including those of a theoretically meaningful discovery related to the suicide-protective effect's underlying mechanism, termed the dampening-the-spikes hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Portuguese news media assumed a crucial role in informing the population, striving to develop knowledge about the disease, and promoting preventive behaviours to reduce transmission. To do so, they relied mainly on experts. While official interlocutors were still present in journalistic texts, scholars and physicians gained significant visibility. This article analyses how specialised sources contribute to news content in the Portuguese press. It presents findings from a study on the coverage of COVID-19. This study examines editions of the Portuguese newspapers Público and Jornal de Notícias during the state of emergency periods from March to May 2020, November to December 2020, and January to February 2021. The corpus of analysis includes 2,933 news texts and 6,350 sources: during the first phase of the national emergency, 1,850 texts were published, citing 4,048 sources; in the second phase, 457 texts were published, citing 857 sources; finally, during the third phase, 626 texts were published, citing 1,445 sources. The content analysis findings highlight the strength of professionals as reliable sources of information, particularly health professionals and scholars from the medical and social sciences. Regardless of their position, experts are more prominent in the media than official sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New methods of judging the impact of academic articles now include alternative metrics, and the goal of this study was to provide an insight into the journals and papers with top Altmetric attention scores (AAS) in the field of journalism. Scopus and Dimensions were used as the primary data sources. Fifteen journalism journals were identified from Scopus, and papers from these journals with an Altmetric Attention Score of over 100 were collected from Dimensions as the study's sample, which comprised 87 papers. Most of the papers with high AAS were published after 2017, and five were published in 2022. The sample included a larger number of closed access articles (n = 50) than open access (n = 37), although analysis revealed that open access articles had higher median Tweets than closed access. Articles on journalism practice were more likely to receive attention from news outlets. None of the papers with high AAS are highly cited, which may be due to the limited time to accumulate citations. The journal with the highest impact factor (Digital Journalism) did not have the greatest number of papers with high AAS, but had far higher scores on Twitter engagement than the other journals. The results do not show any correlation between impact factors and citation metrics and social metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At this moment of unprecedented decline of local news and amplified attacks on the American press, scholars are increasingly turning their attention to the Constitution's role in protecting journalism and the journalistic function. Recent calls by some U.S. Supreme Court Justices to reconsider the core press-protecting precedent from New York Times Co. v. Sullivan have intensified these conversations. This scholarly dialogue, however, appears to be taking place against a mistaken foundational assumption that the U.S. Supreme Court continues to articulate and embrace at least some notion of freedom of the press. Yet despite the First Amendment text specifically referencing it and the Roberts Court's claims of First Amendment expansiveness, freedom of the press is quietly disappearing from the Court's lexicon. Our individually coded dataset, capturing every paragraph mentioning the press written by all 114 Justices in the 235-year history of the Court, shows that in the last half-century the Court's references to the concept of freedom of the press have dramatically declined. They are now lower than at any other moment since the incorporation of the First Amendment. The jurisprudential desertion of this concept is evident in every quantitative and qualitative measure we analyzed. Press freedom was once a commonly adopted frame, with the Court readily acknowledging it on its own and as a coexisting First Amendment right alongside the freedom of speech. Indeed, Justices routinely recognized this right in cases not involving the press. The data reveal that this practice is a thing of the past. Gone are not only the ringing, positive endorsements that situated freedom of the press as valuable, important, or central to democracy but also the bare acknowledgements of the right at all. A close investigation of individual Justice's patterns, moreover, reveals that there are no true advocates of the right on the current Court and that most of the current Justices have rarely, if ever, mentioned it in any context. This Article addresses both the possible causes and the troubling consequences of this decline. It explores strong evidence contradicting many of the initially appealing explanations for the trend, examining the ways in which the phenomenon is unlikely to be solely a function of the Court's decreasing press-related docket or its reliance on settled law in the area. It also explores data on the interrelationships between ideology and acknowledgement of freedom of the press. The disappearance of the principle of press freedom at the Court may impede the newly revived effort to invoke the Constitution as a tool for preserving the flow of information on matters of public concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes four online school newspapers produced in Brazilian high school (Ensino Médio), aiming to explain how these school newspapers are configured as a hypergenre (Bonini, 2011b). To achieve this, were surveyed the genres which constitute those newspapers (organizing, functioning and support genres), as well as the themes evoked and, based on de Palácios (2003), the use of online journalism mechanisms, especially interactivity, hypertextuality and multimediality. The analyzed issues presented characteristics of an online digital hypergenre, showing blog and conventional journalism shapes, and also, although in a restrict way, categories of online journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationships between journalism and sustainability are seen as interdependent and mutually beneficial. On the one hand, sustainable development also includes a free, autonomous and strong press that can support itself economically, and on the other hand, responsible journalism brings the problems of the current world to the public and it can also involve experts to talk about the solutions possible to these issues, which generates a media discourse about sustainability and resilience now and in the future. The present paper examines the conceptualization of constructive journalism, interrogating, at the same time, its normative and societal role, as well as the resistance of this alternative direction, in the current context, marked by political instability and post-pandemic economic crisis. In Romania, the DoR experience, its course, but also the announced end of this journalistic project, shows the difficulties that constructive journalism encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perhaps never has journalism been so committed to talking to its audiences as during and after the Covid-19 Pandemic. In this sense, the journalism of interior has assumed an interventionist role and the transformation of its communities, partly in this historical context. This article is a reflection on the brands of print media efforts in the Northwest and West of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in South Brazil, in order to take a research aimed at answering the question of how print media in these regions are transforming their realities from a popular perspective. This is a theoretical-empirical, philosophicallybased investigation in journalism, anchored in the work of/about Luiz Beltrão and in dialogue with professional praxis. It goes through the traces left by the tradition of this researcher from the Brazilian State of Pernambuco, a pioneer of Journalism studies in Brazil, advances in the relationship of its postulates with countryside journalism and walks to conclude in the direction that provincial journalism is much more a builder of realities than a reproducer of them, being your product an object of study of interest to Folkcomunicação. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information system and the communication process through various means remain to topmost difficult and complicated mechanism in dissemination various decisions. Free flow of media content as a sacred trust enshrining local moralities and universal truth is the essence of press freedom which employs the basic prospects of press to play its part in nation building process. Censorship in any form like pre-censorship, undeclared censorship or self-censorship is a murderous interference leading to demolish the dome of press freedom that deprives citizens, society and the state of the benefits of a free press. The ground realities regarding censorship are embodied in the field and direct consultation with working journalists for being a component part of the play is the only way to reach a conclusion acceptable for generalization. For the purpose, this empirical study launches survey to explore the media landscape of Pakistan and investigate working journalists for digging out the existence, intensity and impacts of self-censorship on professional objectivity of media content. For more in-depth exploration of indicators, this study engages senior journalists in face-to face interviews throughout Pakistan. The findings prove the hypothesis that working journalists exercise self-censorship in Pakistan and also establish the fact that such practices deteriorate the media objectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reports a research experience carried out in the undergraduate discipline Applied Research in Journalism, at the Federal University of Paraíba, which mapped the reality of independent journalism in Paraíba, developed in blogs, websites and portals. The Inves-tigation involved a collective work between students, moni-tors and professor. The work was based on previous research carried out in several Brazilian universities and aimed to update the database collected by Agência Pública (2022), on independent journalism in Brazil. It is worth mentioning that the present investigation managed to identify an embryonic phenomenon in the region, with only 3 initiatives without defined funding and that produce their own content. It was concluded that there is a need for further research to present a more complete overview of independent journalism produced in the region through the web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the interwoven and accelerating changes in media, culture and society that are impacting and transforming cultural journalism as we have known it, creating new dynamics, new opportunities and new roles for cultural journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to expose and problematize some profiles obtained and published in books by two successful journalists, Eliane Brum and Fred Melo Paiva, this work presents, from the methodological procedure of content and narrative analysis, the way in which narratives journalistic are configured, based on the relational aspect between interviewer and interviewee, also identifying the testimonial character of journalism and the characters portrayed in this context. Understanding this process as part of narrative journalism, which breaks with the technicality still prevailing in some productions, as analyzes show that there is a diversity of characters and approaches, which evidence witness journalism through the characters / sources, the newspapers and the shared text itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted journalistic practices at the international level, showing the need to bring contents closer to the audiences without causing information fatigue. In the Cuban case, the treatment of the pandemic and the general behavior of media agendas are unknown. For this purpose, a longitudinal study was carried out in which the media agendas of six Cuban provincial newspapers and the presence of 28 objects during the month of April 2020 and 2021 were analyzed. The study reveals elements that may indicate the cyclical nature of the topics in the agendas, as well as the lack of creativity expressed through the use of standardized news values and the performance of unoriginal works; reiteration in topics and subtopics, scarce variety of information sources and journalistic genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new law was published in Spain on August 4, 1970. It represented a renewal of education in the last period of Franco regime. Journalism at that time was concerned with this issue. This is the case of a social and religious magazine called Vida Nueva, a remarkable publication in Spanish religious journalism in the post-conciliar period. Through the analysis of the content of its editorials, from 1968 to 1975, this study shows the magazine’s proposals, which aimed at educational change, and built on freedom, democracy, the relationship with life and the participation of students. From the point of view of the magazine, these improvements would entail a transformation of the spirit, methods, contents and organisation of education in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a reflection around the importance of university education in Journalism based on the perception of journalists from Mato Grosso do Sul about a hypothetical relationship between the end of the mandatory university degree for the profession, which occurred in 2009 after a decision by the Federal Supreme Court, and the expansion of disinformation in society. The empirical frame that supports the article results from the application of a survey of 102 journalists in May 2021. Among other conclusions, it is inferred that younger respondents are less sensitive to the process of increasing misinformation compared to professionals over 40 years old. It is also observed that younger journalists tend to value the degree and all the training acquired during university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We verified the relationship between training and performance in the labor market for journalists who have recently graduated in journalism at the State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG). The opinion survey sought to identify which activities have been performed by bachelors graduated between 2011 and 2017. The central issue of the work seeks to understand which characteristics are striking in the performance of these professionals and whether they can be considered as tradi-tionally journalistic activities, relating to professional training and with the provisions of the National Curriculum Guidelines for Journalism courses in Brazil, approved in 2013. The results show crossings in the activities performed between journalists who work in newsrooms or in press relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of migration to digital spaces, where elections are affected by the fierce colonization of social networks and the market is reformulated to absorb remote consumers, a parasitic way of capitalizing on the credibility of traditional journalism emerges. The objective of this work is to analyze the scenography of the Jornal Cidade Online and its dialogical and parasitic relations with the traditional press to build an ethos of journalism committed to the truth in attracting audiences to its ethical world. The corpus consists of excerpts taken from Jornal da Cidade Online and the website layout. The research is characterized as descriptive, bibliographic and documentary, with a qualitative approach. It is concluded that Jornal da Cidade Online operates a scenography that parasitizes the visual identity of traditional newspapers as a model while opposing its editorial line as an anti-model, which leads to the projection of a legitimate journalism ethos that aims to incorporate the public ideologically aligned to the newspaper. As a contribution, this research offers, through an interdisciplinary perspective, an innovative diagnosis for the problem of misinformation that undermines the legitimacy of traditional vehicles and the public's trust in journalism as a combative fiscal of State agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The covid-19 outbreak is a highly disruptive event in our society. Its consequences have affected different social domains. Our objective is to analyse its impact on journalism in a panoramic and comprehensive way. We intend to identify the main alterations and changes that the outbreak of the coronavirus has caused. The methodology is based on the qualitative analysis of secondary data, taking the case of Spain during the first period of the pandemic as a reference. The results allow the identification of positive and negative effects in five areas: news consumption, business models, working conditions, disinformation, and relations with political actors. These findings reveal that covid-19 has had a considerable impact on journalism. This incidence is ambivalent as it has positive and negative effects that affect different aspects of this domain. The main positive consequences are increased news consumption and the promotion of new formats and information products, such as infographics or newsletters. On the other hand, the weakening of business models due to the reduction of advertising revenues, the deterioration of journalists' working conditions, the reinforcement of political control mechanisms over the media, and the increase of disinformation are the main negative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the newspapers' and journalists' image and characteristics as scketched in three news manuals published from 1964-1979 by Edições de Ouro, a popular press. Aimed to a general public, it sketches some popular representations of journalism at that time. Main findings suggests that (1) journalism was shown as a 'mission', not as a regular profession; (2) journalists were portraied as people of 'respect' and 'prestige' and (3) there is a general grimness towards journalism courses, viewed, at its best, as futile. These findings are discussed against a background of the history and the dinamics of the journalism field and communication research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Push-notifications are essential tools of mobile journalism to capture the attention of the audiences. This study explores the strategies for the production and dissemination of alerts adopted by the main news media outlets in Puerto Rico. Through a content analysis and in-depth interviews with journalists who produce the pushnotifications, this research found that alerts often communicate breaking news, and national and political issues. In line with previous research, in addition they serve to attract traffic, generate income and position the brand in the media market. Although the media recognize that push-notifications are disruptive, they do not tend to adopt personalization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes some keys to the current situation of digital slow journalism (SJ) in the Colombian context. It discusses the results of an audience study and explores the viewpoint of the media belonging to this journalistic trend. Besides, it shares a survey of the Colombian population conducted in July 2019 whose purpose was to know SJ opinions and consumption habits. The country's high knowledge of the narrative press stands out from the results. Actually, 56 % of Colombian digital press readers have accessed it at some point. This study also contrasts the public's interests, perceptions, and demands with the response given by two Colombian SJ media, Arcadia and La Silla Vacía, through a comparative qualitative method. The chief conclusion is that Colombian readers value this type of journalism (rating it 4 out of 5), and 58 % of readers say they are willing to pay for its extra quality. Despite the financing problems these media face, the research envisages a growing market niche for SJ in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual paper focusses on two fronts forming a broad assault on journalism, extending from more autocratic settings to include liberal democracies, and leading to what is now widely perceived as a crisis in news. We analyze these two attacks by presenting a framework integrating their sources and causes. We argue that the first attack emanates from commercialized media, occurring at economic and normative level, and has created, at least in part, the conditions that have enabled the more recent attack, which is more directly political, associated with the re-emergence of forces that are loosely categorized as populist. What is new in the second front is the geography and the constitutional nature of the societies in which this antagonism has grown. It extends now to long-established representative democracies that have come to be governed, or where new influence is wielded, by emergent right movements and parties who seek to cast the press as the enemy within. Abuse and even mortal danger increasingly have become part of the occupational reality of news-making. We conclude that this development is inscribed in the current material conditions under which journalists work, as well as in the materiality of the media through which they do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the last few years, the academy has been studying the filter bubble phenomenon, an informational world created by the algorithms, where the user is exposed to personalized content. Journalism - a pillar of democratic societies - is usually portrayed as the filter bubble's antithesis, whose harmful effects on democracy seem to be consensual. However, what has not been sufficiently studied is the contribution of digital journalism to the phenomenon. This exploratory article aims to open new research avenues on the topic, using a qualitative methodology, through a deep literature review and an analysis of secondary data. Based on a theoretical and practical analysis, it is suggested that the new business models of digital journalism - which heavily rely on technology companies, advertisers, and the audience - are largely contributing to the filter bubble. Newsrooms are increasingly collecting and analyzing consumer data to personalize information, both in the digital advertising and subscription models. Moreover, this personalization is perceived enthusiastically by the media, with few voices reflecting on its negative side. We conclude that journalism can assume a relevant role in the fight against information bubbles, both through the review of its digital business models and by raising the individuals' awareness about the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A media system deemed modern requires, among other things, the practice of free professional journalism, which has not been entirely possible in Mexico because the growing violence against journalists has emerged as one of the principal obstacles to their job. The aim is to describe Mexican journalists' responses to the relentless threats and attacks they face based on 93 semi-structured interviews conducted in 23 of the country's most violent states. Concerning journalism professionalization, the results suggest that violence against the media has two implications mainly. First, the attacks have favored the development of better journalistic practices, such as adherence to data and facts, diversification of information sources, deployment of collaborative coverage, and creation of journalist associations. Second, in a significant number of cases, violence has inhibited press freedom, promoting self-censorship or dependence on official government newsletters. The coexistence of both reactions reveals the fickle nature of the Mexican media system and its modernization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study the plans of 84 Journalism and Information Sciences courses at Ibero-American universities included in the QS World University Rankings 2021. The objective is to determine the training offer in specialized and/or scientific journalism and its relationship with the country's investment in R&D. The qualitative technique of content analysis of the study plans published on the web pages is used. The results show that Specialized Journalism is not offered in most universities and that Science Journalism is offered as optional training. Furthermore, it is determined that there is no relationship between state investment in research and development and a greater presence of subjects related to science communication in the faculties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the process of trans-formation that occurred in the press and journalism from Rio de Janeiro, between the 1880s and 1900s. Mainly, the relationship established between the literati and journalistic companies was under investigation, paying attention to the daily newspapers. Also, the attempts of defining journalism as a profession itself were analyzed in pair with the rising importance of the conception of labor to the literary production from lots of men of letters in the period. The poet, chronist, and journalist Olavo Bilac was one of the subjects followed with attention, including his literary personal projects as the illustrated magazines. The documents used for this research were chronicles published on the press, registers from Almanak Laemmert, and the interviews contained in O Momento Literário, from João do Rio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on media systems theory has been a productive theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between media and politics in a comparative perspective. Topics include the developments in the growing research field have suggested that the democratic corporatist media system model is not one-model-fits-all with regard to the northern European countries.

During the 20th century, the prevalence of well-known publishers, with substantial political and business profiles, such as Nicolás María de Urgoiti, Luis Montiel Balanzat, and Ángel Herrera Oria, as the authentic journalistic dynasties, presided over the editorial and ideological landscape of the Spanish press in a relatively clear way. The death, in 2007, of what can be considered the last of the great classical publishers, Jesús de Polanco, marked, to a large degree, the end of an era in Spanish publishing, recognized globally as that of the great magnates of journalistic communication. In the two first decades of the 21st century, the emergence of new patrons of the press has been witnessed, oriented towards the editing of media which came into being in the digital environment. In this work, this change of the editorial paradigm is explored through interviews and with methods of analysis that are essentially qualitative. For this, the underlying philosophy will be the proposal of Ortega of the vital analysis of the trajectory of the protagonists and their journalistic media within the historical circumstances, as a fundamental explanatory element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What and who is cover story in the main written media of Ecuador? This article focuses on the establishment of the media agenda in the first year of President Lenín Moreno's term. A quantitative methodology has been used, based on the analysis of the content of more than 3,500 cover information published in the Ecuadorian national newspapers during the period between August 2017 and August 2018. A year that has been marked by the high weight on the cover of political information, supported by the negative view of the period of the previous president, Rafael Correa. This part of the agenda is sweetened with entertainment, sports and show business content. The actors and scenarios are also analysed, from a critical point of view, showing the invisibility of sectors as relevant to the country as farmers and miners. Women continue with little representation or space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article brings the development experience of the newspaper Sertão Transviado, the journalistc production of the project "Sertão Transviado: outros Cariris", linked to the Extension and Culture Deans of the Federal University of Cariri (UFCA) during the years 2016 to 2018. Beside from the literature review of the theories of journalism, we trace the notion of "performative journalism" in the sense of perceiving new models of the modality in depth and subjectivity through the investigation, narration, hierarchization and editing of the guidelines focused on the performances and the daily lives of the movement's shifted landscapes LGBTQIA+ and queer activism in the interior of Cariri, Ceará. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News about drugs is important for health professionals, businesses, and the general public. However, studies examining news articles about drugs are lacking. This paper uses content analysis to examine articles about drugs in 17 Spanish newspapers (13 general, two business, and two professional) from 2008 through 2017. On average, general and business newspapers published three articles about drugs every week, and professional newspapers published 14 every week. Overall, the number of articles about drugs decreased by 10%. The most covered drug-related topics in 2017 were cancer and generics; the least covered was preclinical research. Four times more articles were published on clinical than on preclinical research. Business newspapers published more about clinical and preclinical research than other types of newspapers. Articles about drugs accounted for 0.5% (n=838/178,926) of all articles in the general newspapers, 0.8% (n=468/55,800) in the business newspapers, 8.5% (n=415/4,856) in the medical newspapers, and 1.2% (n=19/1,645) in the science news agency SINC. This study used a new strategy to search and identify newspaper articles through content analysis of large volumes of information and offered relevant data to guide future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article details the role of collaborative journalism during the process of rebuilding investigative journalism at its core thus assuring enduring investment in its quality. We will start by characterizing the concepts of investigative journalism and collaborative journalism, using leading scholars in both of these complementary areas; we will, then, identify the pressures that constrains investigative journalism, and analyse how journalistic collaboration has a potential for resistance that can protect both investigative journalism and the journalists who practice it. Our article path will be complemented with the case study of the "Daphne Project", the first project of the consortium "Forbidden Stories", the international platform created by Laurent Richard. This project will be characterized through a documentary analysis and with interviews we conducted with both its founder, Laurent Richard, and Mathew Caruana Galizia, the son of Daphne Caruana Galizia, the Maltese journalist murdered on October 16th 2017, during her investigations. The Daphne Project was created for the purpose of keeping alive stories of journalists who have been killed, imprisoned or, for some reason, were unable to pursue their investigations. Not only does collaborative journalism protect investigative journalism and investigative journalists, but cross-borders collaboration also allows "sharing the risk across a wide range of international players" (Sambrook, 2017). If the absolute exposure of the lonely investigative journalist turns him/her into a target in territories where freedom of speech is threatened, the murder of this Maltese journalist, followed by the murder of Slovakian Ján Kuciak, in 2018, placed Europe as an unlikely set on the risk map. While acknowledging the problems caused by international consortium of journalists, this research highlights, above all, how these partnerships, anchored in "radical sharing" (Guevara, 2016)1, are contributing to enhance investigative journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]