29,364 results
Search Results
2. Emotion Mining: from Unimodal to Multimodal Approaches
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Zucco, Chiara, Calabrese, Barbara, Cannataro, Mario, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Amunts, Katrin, editor, Grandinetti, Lucio, editor, Lippert, Thomas, editor, and Petkov, Nicolai, editor
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- 2021
- Full Text
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3. Robots, hominins and superconductors: 10 remarkable papers from 2019
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- 2019
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4. ESC working group on cardiac cellular electrophysiology position paper: relevance, opportunities, and limitations of experimental models for cardiac electrophysiology research
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Dierk Thomas, Milan Stengl, Dobromir Dobrev, Matteo E. Mangoni, Jordi Heijman, Carol Ann Remme, Larissa Fabritz, Katja E. Odening, Godfrey L. Smith, Cristina E. Molina, Leonardo Sacconi, A.M. Gomez, Antonio Zaza, Frank R. Heinzel, Cardiologie, RS: Carim - H01 Clinical atrial fibrillation, RS: Carim - H04 Arrhythmogenesis and cardiogenetics, Cardiology, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, APH - Methodology, University of Bern, Odening, K, Gomez, A, Dobrev, D, Fabritz, L, Heinzel, F, Mangoni, M, Molina, C, Sacconi, L, Smith, G, Stengl, M, Thomas, D, Zaza, A, Remme, C, and Heijman, J
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0301 basic medicine ,TORSADE-DE-POINTES ,Cardiac electrophysiology ,Medizin ,Cardiomyopathy ,Arrhythmias ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,0302 clinical medicine ,BIO/09 - FISIOLOGIA ,Mechanisms ,Position paper ,Induced pluripotent stem cell ,LEFT-VENTRICULAR WALL ,SINOATRIAL NODE ,Atrial fibrillation ,Animal models ,3. Good health ,PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION ,Ion channels ,cardiovascular system ,HEART-FAILURE ,Mechanism ,Ion channel ,Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Experimental models ,PLURIPOTENT STEM-CELLS ,Arrhythmia ,Myocarditis ,Cellular electrophysiology ,LONG-QT SYNDROME ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,Physiology (medical) ,SINUS NODE DYSFUNCTION ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Animal model ,Experimental model ,business.industry ,TRANSGENIC RABBIT MODEL ,Cardiac arrhythmia ,Models, Theoretical ,medicine.disease ,Electrophysiological Phenomena ,030104 developmental biology ,Heart failure ,ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of death and disability. A large number of experimental cell and animal models have been developed to study arrhythmogenic diseases. These models have provided important insights into the underlying arrhythmia mechanisms and translational options for their therapeutic management. This position paper from the ESC Working Group on Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology provides an overview of (i) currently available in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo electrophysiological research methodologies, (ii) the most commonly used experimental (cellular and animal) models for cardiac arrhythmias including relevant species differences, (iii) the use of human cardiac tissue, induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived and in silico models to study cardiac arrhythmias, and (iv) the availability, relevance, limitations, and opportunities of these cellular and animal models to recapitulate specific acquired and inherited arrhythmogenic diseases, including atrial fibrillation, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, sinus node, and conduction disorders and channelopathies. By promoting a better understanding of these models and their limitations, this position paper aims to improve the quality of basic research in cardiac electrophysiology, with the ultimate goal to facilitate the clinical translation and application of basic electrophysiological research findings on arrhythmia mechanisms and therapies.
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- 2021
5. Computational Psychiatry Research Map (CPSYMAP): A New Database for Visualizing Research Papers
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Ayaka Kato, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Kentaro Katahira, Tsukasa Okimura, and Yuichi Yamashita
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computational psychiatry ,database ,open-science ,RDoC = Research Domain Criteria ,DSM-5 ,neuroscience ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
The field of computational psychiatry is growing in prominence along with recent advances in computational neuroscience, machine learning, and the cumulative scientific understanding of psychiatric disorders. Computational approaches based on cutting-edge technologies and high-dimensional data are expected to provide an understanding of psychiatric disorders with integrating the notions of psychology and neuroscience, and to contribute to clinical practices. However, the multidisciplinary nature of this field seems to limit the development of computational psychiatry studies. Computational psychiatry combines knowledge from neuroscience, psychiatry, and computation; thus, there is an emerging need for a platform to integrate and coordinate these perspectives. In this study, we developed a new database for visualizing research papers as a two-dimensional “map” called the Computational Psychiatry Research Map (CPSYMAP). This map shows the distribution of papers along neuroscientific, psychiatric, and computational dimensions to enable anyone to find niche research and deepen their understanding ofthe field.
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- 2020
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6. Urinary Extracellular Vesicles: A Position Paper by the Urine Task Force of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles
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Juan M. Falcón-Pérez, Dylan Burger, Aled Clayton, Lei Zheng, Uta Erdbrügger, Kerstin Junker, Luca Musante, Ewout J. Hoorn, I.V. Bijnsdorp, Kenneth W. Witwer, Harry Holthöfer, James W. Dear, Erik H. Koritzinsky, Benedetta Bussolati, Jason P. Webber, Elena S. Martens-Uzunova, Charles J. Blijdorp, Inge Mertens, Alicia Llorente, James M. Luther, Peter S.T. Yuen, Catherine Sánchez, Janne Leivo, Andrew F. Hill, Guido Jenster, Eline Oeyen, Visith Thongboonkerd, Cristina Grange, Metka Lenassi, Maija Puhka, Carolina Soekmadji, Volkert van Steijn, Francesc E. Borràs, James Brian Byrd, Martin E. van Royen, Gerald W. Verhaegh, Mark A. Knepper, John Klein, Connie R. Jimenez, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Internal Medicine, Urology, Pathology, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, CCA - Imaging and biomarkers, Medical oncology laboratory, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration
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0301 basic medicine ,CLINICAL-APPLICATIONS ,Urine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Biomarker discovery ,Urinary Tract ,bladder ,biobank ,biomarkers ,extracellular vesicles ,kidney ,liquid biopsy ,prostate ,rigor and standardization ,urine ,DEEP SEQUENCING ANALYSIS ,Prostate ,TAMM-HORSFALL PROTEIN ,Reference Standards ,Extracellular vesicles ,BIOMARKER DISCOVERY ,Body Fluids ,3. Good health ,PROSTATE-CANCER ,Clinical Practice ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Position Paper ,PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS ,MESSENGER-RNA ,MEMBRANE-VESICLES ,Histology ,Urinary system ,Advisory Committees ,Scientific field ,Bladders ,DIABETIC-NEPHROPATHY ,03 medical and health sciences ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 15] ,Humans ,Biology ,QH573-671 ,Task force ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Kidneys ,Cell Biology ,Biobanks ,SODIUM-CHLORIDE COTRANSPORTER ,030104 developmental biology ,Clinical diagnosis ,Position paper ,1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology ,Human medicine ,Societies ,business ,Cytology ,Position Papers ,Neuroscience ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Urine is commonly used for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EV) in urine opened a new fast-growing scientific field. In the last decade urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) were shown to mirror molecular processes as well as physiological and pathological conditions in kidney, urothelial and prostate tissue. Therefore, several methods to isolate and characterize uEVs have been developed. However, methodological aspects of EV separation and analysis, including normalization of results, need further optimization and standardization to foster scientific advances in uEV research and a subsequent successful translation into clinical practice. This position paper is written by the Urine Task Force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of ISEV consisting of nephrologists, urologists, cardiologists and biologists with active experience in uEV research. Our aim is to present the state of the art and identify challenges and gaps in current uEV-based analyses for clinical applications. Finally, recommendations for improved rigor, reproducibility and interoperability in uEV research are provided in order to facilitate advances in the field. ESM-U, CG, GV, GJ, IVB, MvR, and VvS, are members of the “IMMPROVE” consortium (Innovative Measurements and Markers for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis using Extracellular Vesicles), which is sponsored by an Alpe d'HuZes grant of the Dutch Cancer Society (grant #EMCR2015-8022). AL is supported by Norges Forskningsråd, Kreftforeningen and Helse Sør-Øst RHF (NO). UE is supported by the NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Award number K23-HL-126101. CJB and EJH are supported by the Dutch Kidney Foundation (Nierstichting), Award number: CP18.05.
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- 2021
7. Children with congenital Zika syndrome: symptoms, comorbidities and gross motor development at 24 months of ageWhat this paper adds?
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Lêda Maria da Costa Pinheiro Frota, Rosana Ferreira Sampaio, José Lucivan Miranda, Rita Maria Cavalcante Brasil, Ana Paula Bensemann Gontijo, Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini, Marina de Brito Brandão, and Marisa Cotta Mancini
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Neuroscience ,Virology ,Disability ,Musculoskeletal system ,Nervous system ,Pediatrics ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Background: Children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) maintain severe motor impairments at the end of the first year of life. Presence of certain symptoms and comorbidities increase these children's vulnerability. Aims: To evaluate gross motor function of a group of Brazilian children with CZS at 24 months of age and to investigate the association between the presence of CZS symptoms and comorbidities with gross motor development. Methods and procedures: Fifty children with CZS participated in the study. Information was collected from medical charts, and gross motor development was evaluated by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-88. GMFM-88 scores were compared among comorbid groups. Three subgroups of children were identified by cluster analysis, based on information from head circumference at birth, symptoms, comorbidities and gross motor function. Outcomes and results: Significant associations (p < 0.001) were observed between number of comorbidities/symptoms and dimensions A (r = -0.57) and B (r = -0.58) of the GMFM-88. Children were grouped into 3 clusters, with different gross motor skills. Children with epilepsy and dysphagia composed the cluster with smaller median scores for dimensions A and B of the GMFM-88. Conclusions and implications: The presence of CZS symptoms and comorbidities compromise the gross motor repertoire of children with CZS at 24 months.
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- 2020
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8. Consensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders
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Xavier Guell, Laura Petrosini, Hiroshi Mitoma, Mario Manto, Francesca Gelfo, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Aasef G. Shaikh, Jongho Lee, Annalisa Buffo, E. Fucà, and Shinji Kakei
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Eye movement ,Cerebellum ,Consensus ,Eye Movements ,Neuromodulation therapy ,Autophagy ,Cerebellar ataxias ,Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome ,Cerebellar reserve ,Dendritic spines ,Environmental enrichment ,Predictive control ,Saccade ,Cerebellar Diseases ,Consensus Paper ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cerebellar disorder ,Cognitive reserve ,Cerebellar ataxia ,medicine.disease ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Motor coordination ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Cerebellar peduncle ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Cerebellar reserve refers to the capacity of the cerebellum to compensate for tissue damage or loss of function resulting from many different etiologies. When the inciting event produces acute focal damage (e.g., stroke, trauma), impaired cerebellar function may be compensated for by other cerebellar areas or by extracerebellar structures (i.e., structural cerebellar reserve). In contrast, when pathological changes compromise cerebellar neuronal integrity gradually leading to cell death (e.g., metabolic and immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias, neurodegenerative ataxias), it is possible that the affected area itself can compensate for the slowly evolving cerebellar lesion (i.e., functional cerebellar reserve). Here, we examine cerebellar reserve from the perspective of the three cornerstones of clinical ataxiology: control of ocular movements, coordination of voluntary axial and appendicular movements, and cognitive functions. Current evidence indicates that cerebellar reserve is potentiated by environmental enrichment through the mechanisms of autophagy and synaptogenesis, suggesting that cerebellar reserve is not rigid or fixed, but exhibits plasticity potentiated by experience. These conclusions have therapeutic implications. During the period when cerebellar reserve is preserved, treatments should be directed at stopping disease progression and/or limiting the pathological process. Simultaneously, cerebellar reserve may be potentiated using multiple approaches. Potentiation of cerebellar reserve may lead to compensation and restoration of function in the setting of cerebellar diseases, and also in disorders primarily of the cerebral hemispheres by enhancing cerebellar mechanisms of action. It therefore appears that cerebellar reserve, and the underlying plasticity of cerebellar microcircuitry that enables it, may be of critical neurobiological importance to a wide range of neurological/neuropsychiatric conditions.
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- 2019
9. Perceptions of scientific research literature and strategies for reading papers depend on academic career stage.
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Hubbard, Katharine E. and Dunbar, Sonja D.
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LITERARY research ,EDUCATORS ,RESEARCH papers (Students) ,LIKERT scale ,POSTDOCTORAL researchers - Abstract
Reading primary research literature is an essential skill for all scientists and students on science degree programmes, however little is known about how researchers at different career stages interact with and interpret scientific papers. To explore this, we conducted a survey of 260 undergraduate students and researchers in Biological Sciences at a research intensive UK university. Responses to Likert scale questions demonstrated increases in confidence and skill with reading the literature between individuals at each career stage, including between postdoctoral researchers and faculty academics. The survey indicated that individuals at different career stages valued different sections of scientific papers, and skill in reading the results section develops slowly over the course of an academic career. Inexperienced readers found the methods and results sections of research papers the most difficult to read, and undervalued the importance of the results section and critical interpretation of data. These data highlight a need for structured support with reading scientific literature at multiple career stages, and for senior academics to be aware that junior colleagues may prioritise their reading differently. We propose a model for the development of literature processing skills, and consider the need for training strategies to help inexperienced readers engage with primary literature, and therefore develop important skills that underpin scientific careers. We also encourage researchers to be mindful of language used when writing papers, and to be more inclusive of diverse audiences when disseminating their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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10. Computational Psychiatry Research Map (CPSYMAP): A New Database for Visualizing Research Papers.
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Kato, Ayaka, Kunisato, Yoshihiko, Katahira, Kentaro, Okimura, Tsukasa, and Yamashita, Yuichi
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PSYCHIATRIC research ,COMPUTATIONAL neuroscience ,MENTAL illness ,MACHINE learning ,DATABASES - Abstract
The field of computational psychiatry is growing in prominence along with recent advances in computational neuroscience, machine learning, and the cumulative scientific understanding of psychiatric disorders. Computational approaches based on cutting-edge technologies and high-dimensional data are expected to provide an understanding of psychiatric disorders with integrating the notions of psychology and neuroscience, and to contribute to clinical practices. However, the multidisciplinary nature of this field seems to limit the development of computational psychiatry studies. Computational psychiatry combines knowledge from neuroscience, psychiatry, and computation; thus, there is an emerging need for a platform to integrate and coordinate these perspectives. In this study, we developed a new database for visualizing research papers as a two-dimensional "map" called the Computational Psychiatry Research Map (CPSYMAP). This map shows the distribution of papers along neuroscientific, psychiatric, and computational dimensions to enable anyone to find niche research and deepen their understanding ofthe field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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11. Neuroscience-based psychotherapy: A position paper
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Davide Maria Cammisuli and Gianluca Castelnuovo
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neuroscience ,psychotherapy ,neuroimaging ,traumatic memories ,attachment theory ,cognitive psychopathology ,Settore M-PSI/08 - PSICOLOGIA CLINICA ,somatoform disorders ,empathy ,General Psychology - Abstract
In the recent years, discoveries in neuroscience have greatly impacted upon the need to modify therapeutic practice starting from the evidence showing some cerebral mechanisms capable of coping with mental health crisis and traumatic events of the individual's life history by redesigning the narrative plot and the person's sense of the Self. The emerging dialogue between neuroscience and psychotherapy is increasingly intense and modern psychotherapy cannot ignore the heritage deriving from studies about neuropsychological modification of memory traces, neurobiology of attachment theory, cognitive mechanisms involved in psychopathology, neurophysiology of human empathy, neuroimaging evidence about psychotherapeutic treatment, and somatoform disorders connecting the brain and the body. In the present article, we critically examined sectorial literature and claimed that psychotherapy has to referred to a neuroscience-based approach in order to adopt the most tailored interventions for specific groups of patients or therapy settings. We also provided recommendations for care implementation in clinical practice and illustrated challenges of future research.
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- 2023
12. Consensus Paper: Strengths and Weaknesses of Animal Models of Spinocerebellar Ataxias and Their Clinical Implications
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Mario Manto, Michael Strupp, Mandi Gandelman, Hirokazu Hirai, Stefan M. Pulst, Jan Cendelin, Harry T. Orr, Filip Tichanek, Jan Tuma, and Marija Cvetanovic
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,Neurology ,Cerebellar ataxia ,business.industry ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Article ,Clinical trial ,Mice ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Animal model ,Cerebellum ,Models, Animal ,Quality of Life ,Spinocerebellar ataxia ,Animals ,Spinocerebellar Ataxias ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Neuroscience ,Strengths and weaknesses - Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) represent a large group of hereditary degenerative diseases of the nervous system, in particular the cerebellum, and other systems that manifest with a variety of progressive motor, cognitive, and behavioral deficits with the leading symptom of cerebellar ataxia. SCAs often lead to severe impairments of the patient's functioning, quality of life, and life expectancy. For SCAs, there are no proven effective pharmacotherapies that improve the symptoms or substantially delay disease progress, i.e., disease-modifying therapies. To study SCA pathogenesis and potential therapies, animal models have been widely used and are an essential part of pre-clinical research. They mainly include mice, but also other vertebrates and invertebrates. Each animal model has its strengths and weaknesses arising from model animal species, type of genetic manipulation, and similarity to human diseases. The types of murine and non-murine models of SCAs, their contribution to the investigation of SCA pathogenesis, pathological phenotype, and therapeutic approaches including their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed in this paper. There is a consensus among the panel of experts that (1) animal models represent valuable tools to improve our understanding of SCAs and discover and assess novel therapies for this group of neurological disorders characterized by diverse mechanisms and differential degenerative progressions, (2) thorough phenotypic assessment of individual animal models is required for studies addressing therapeutic approaches, (3) comparative studies are needed to bring pre-clinical research closer to clinical trials, and (4) mouse models complement cellular and invertebrate models which remain limited in terms of clinical translation for complex neurological disorders such as SCAs.
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- 2021
13. Dynamic neurogenomic responses to social interactions and dominance outcomes in female paper wasps
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Sara E. Miller, Christopher M. Jernigan, Floria M. K. Uy, Natalie C. Zaba, Michael J. Sheehan, and Eshan Mehrotra
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Cancer Research ,Genome, Insect ,Wasps ,Gene Expression ,Social Sciences ,Insect ,QH426-470 ,Cognition ,Learning and Memory ,Sociology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Genetics (clinical) ,media_common ,Behavior, Animal ,Brain ,Genomics ,Aggression ,Dominance (ethology) ,Social system ,Long Term Memory ,Social Systems ,Female ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,Transcriptome Analysis ,Research Article ,Social status ,Polistes fuscatus ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Foraging ,Social stimuli ,Biology ,Ocular System ,Memory ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Social Behavior ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Paper wasp ,Behavior ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,Genome Analysis ,biology.organism_classification ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Evolutionary biology ,Cognitive Science ,Optic Lobes ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Social interactions have large effects on individual physiology and fitness. In the immediate sense, social stimuli are often highly salient and engaging. Over longer time scales, competitive interactions often lead to distinct social ranks and differences in physiology and behavior. Understanding how initial responses lead to longer-term effects of social interactions requires examining the changes in responses over time. Here we examined the effects of social interactions on transcriptomic signatures at two times, at the end of a 45-minute interaction and 4 hours later, in female Polistes fuscatus paper wasp foundresses. Female P. fuscatus have variable facial patterns that are used for visual individual recognition, so we separately examined the transcriptional dynamics in the optic lobe and the non-visual brain. Results demonstrate much stronger transcriptional responses to social interactions in the non-visual brain compared to the optic lobe. Differentially regulated genes in response to social interactions are enriched for memory-related transcripts. Comparisons between winners and losers of the encounters revealed similar overall transcriptional profiles at the end of an interaction, which significantly diverged over the course of 4 hours, with losers showing changes in expression levels of genes associated with aggression and reproduction in paper wasps. On nests, subordinate foundresses are less aggressive, do more foraging and lay fewer eggs compared to dominant foundresses and we find losers shift expression of many genes in the non-visual brain, including vitellogenin, related to aggression, worker behavior, and reproduction within hours of losing an encounter. These results highlight the early neurogenomic changes that likely contribute to behavioral and physiological effects of social status changes in a social insect., Author summary Aggressive interactions often create inequalities–some individuals win while others lose. Winning versus losing can lead to large physiological differences between individuals, including different neurogenomic profiles between winners and losers. How this information about contest outcome leads to distinct neurogenomic profiles is poorly understood. Here we examine gene expression in response to aggressive social encounters in paper wasps, which naturally form dominance hierarchies on their nests in the wild. Shortly following encounters winners and losers have similar expression profiles, likely because similar mechanisms are engaged by social experiences. Four hours later, we find divergent neurogenomic profiles between winners and losers, with losers showing larger shifts in expression compared to winners. Many of the most dynamically expressed genes have been previously associated with dominance and caste differences in paper wasps showing how a single interaction can engage many of the same genomic networks that are involved in mediating more dramatic differences in queen-worker behavioral differences are also involved in responses shortly following social interactions.
- Published
- 2021
14. Consensus Paper: Experimental Neurostimulation of the Cerebellum
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Thomas Wichmann, Abbas Z. Kouzani, Detlef H. Heck, Nordeyn Oulad Ben Taib, Jessica Cooperrider, Andre G. Machado, Elan D. Louis, Mark Hallett, Mahlon R. DeLong, Mario Manto, Dagmar Timmann, Michelle Y. Cheng, Michael A. Nitsche, Tao Xie, Jaclyn Beckinghausen, Sheng-Han Kuo, Gary K. Steinberg, Eric H Wang, Roy V. Sillitoe, Lynley V. Bradnam, Freek E. Hoebeek, Simona V. Gornati, Lauren N. Miterko, Traian Popa, Kenneth B. Baker, Alana B. McCambridge, Masaki Tanaka, and Neurosciences
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Cerebellum ,Neurology ,Deep Brain Stimulation ,Medizin ,DBS ,chronic electrical-stimulation ,0302 clinical medicine ,human motor cortex ,transcranial magnetic stimulation ,high-frequency stimulation ,Dystonia ,Essential tremor ,Neuromodulation ,05 social sciences ,Non-invasive therapy ,Neurostimulation ,Optogenetics ,dbs ,Neuromodulation (medicine) ,3. Good health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Models, Animal ,neuromodulation ,theta-burst stimulation ,medicine.symptom ,neurostimulation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ataxia ,Consensus ,cerebellum ,alter writing performance ,050105 experimental psychology ,non-invasive therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,levodopa-induced dyskinesias ,Consensus Paper ,Neurologie ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Animals ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,optogenetics ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,business.industry ,Dyslexia ,spastic cerebral-palsy ,medicine.disease ,deep-brain-stimulation ,contingent negative-variation ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The cerebellum is best known for its role in controlling motor behaviors. However, recent work supports the view that it also influences non-motor behaviors. The contribution of the cerebellum towards different brain functions is underscored by its involvement in a diverse and increasing number of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions including ataxia, dystonia, essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease (PD), epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Although there are no cures for these conditions, cerebellar stimulation is quickly gaining attention for symptomatic alleviation, as cerebellar circuitry has arisen as a promising target for invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation. This consensus paper brings together experts from the fields of neurophysiology, neurology, and neurosurgery to discuss recent efforts in using the cerebellum as a therapeutic intervention. We report on the most advanced techniques for manipulating cerebellar circuits in humans and animal models and define key hurdles and questions for moving forward., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2019
15. A novel paper MAP method for rapid high resolution histological analysis
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Seok Gu Kang, Eunice Yoojin Lee, Mirae Lee, Jin-Kyung Shim, Jiwon Woo, Jung Hee Kim, Doh-Hee Kim, Jeong Yoon Park, and Yu-Mi Yang
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Male ,Proteome ,Computer science ,Science ,Mice, Nude ,High resolution ,Apoptosis ,Diseases ,Computational biology ,Article ,Mice ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Alzheimer Disease ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Animals ,Humans ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Cell Proliferation ,Microscopy, Confocal ,Multidisciplinary ,Molecular medicine ,Brain Neoplasms ,Biological techniques ,Brain ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Visualization ,Neurology ,Medicine ,Glioblastoma ,Biotechnology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Three-dimensional visualization of cellular and subcellular-structures in histological-tissues is essential for understanding the complexities of biological-phenomena, especially with regards structural and spatial relationships and pathologlical-diagnosis. Recent advancements in tissue-clearing technology, such as Magnified Analysis of Proteome (MAP), have significantly improved our ability to study biological-structures in three-dimensional space; however, their wide applicability to a variety of tissues is limited by long incubation-times and a need for advanced imaging-systems that are not readily available in most-laboratories. Here, we present optimized MAP-based method for paper-thin samples, Paper-MAP, which allow for rapid clearing and subsequent imaging of three-dimensional sections derived from various tissues using conventional confocal-microscopy. Paper-MAP successfully clear tissues within 1-day, compared to the original-MAP, without significant differences in achieved optical-transparency. As a proof-of-concept, we investigated the vasculature and neuronal-networks of a variety of human and rodent tissues processed via Paper-MAP, in both healthy and diseased contexts, including Alzheimer’s disease and glioma.
- Published
- 2021
16. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology
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Robert S. Fisher, Jukka Peltola, Edouard Hirsch, J. Helen Cross, Floor E. Jansen, Solomon L. Moshé, Lieven Lagae, Eliane Roulet Perez, Norimichi Higurashi, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Sameer M. Zuberi, and Jacqueline A. French
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Eyelid myoclonia ,Seizure types ,Cognition ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,Terminology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Epileptic spasms ,Epilepsy ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurology ,medicine ,Position paper ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,International league against epilepsy ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) presents a revised operational classification of seizure types. The purpose of such a revision is to recognize that some seizure types can have either a focal or generalized onset, to allow classification when the onset is unobserved, to include some missing seizure types, and to adopt more transparent names. Because current knowledge is insufficient to form a scientifically based classification, the 2017 Classification is operational (practical) and based on the 1981 Classification, extended in 2010. Changes include the following: (1) "partial" becomes "focal"; (2) awareness is used as a classifier of focal seizures; (3) the terms dyscognitive, simple partial, complex partial, psychic, and secondarily generalized are eliminated; (4) new focal seizure types include automatisms, behavior arrest, hyperkinetic, autonomic, cognitive, and emotional; (5) atonic, clonic, epileptic spasms, myoclonic, and tonic seizures can be of either focal or generalized onset; (6) focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure replaces secondarily generalized seizure; (7) new generalized seizure types are absence with eyelid myoclonia, myoclonic absence, myoclonic-atonic, myoclonic-tonic-clonic; and (8) seizures of unknown onset may have features that can still be classified. The new classification does not represent a fundamental change, but allows greater flexibility and transparency in naming seizure types.
- Published
- 2017
17. sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221119760 - Supplemental material for Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation: a CARNet white paper 2022 update
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Panerai, Ronney B, Brassard, Patrice, Burma, Joel S, Castro, Pedro, Claassen, Jurgen AHR, van Lieshout, Johannes J, Liu, Jia, Lucas, Samuel JE, Minhas, Jatinder S, Mitsis, Georgios D, Nogueira, Ricardo C, Ogoh, Shigehiko, Payne, Stephen J, Rickards, Caroline A, Robertson, Andrew D, Rodrigues, Gabriel D, Smirl, Jonathan D, and Simpson, David M
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110320 Radiology and Organ Imaging ,FOS: Clinical medicine ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Medicine ,Cell Biology ,110305 Emergency Medicine ,110306 Endocrinology ,Biochemistry ,69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified ,110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221119760 for Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation: a CARNet white paper 2022 update by Ronney B Panerai, Patrice Brassard, Joel S Burma, Pedro Castro, Jurgen AHR Claassen, Johannes J van Lieshout, Jia Liu, Samuel JE Lucas, Jatinder S Minhas, Georgios D Mitsis, Ricardo C Nogueira, Shigehiko Ogoh, Stephen J Payne, Caroline A Rickards, Andrew D Robertson, Gabriel D Rodrigues, Jonathan D Smirl David M Simpson in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
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- 2022
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18. Consensus Paper: Novel Directions and Next Steps of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation of the Cerebellum in Health and Disease
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Mario Manto, Yoshikazu Ugawa, Louise A. Corben, Anna Sadnicka, Roberta Ferrucci, Matteo Guidetti, John C. Rothwell, Georgios P. D. Argyropoulos, Danny Spampinato, Pablo Celnik, Tommaso Bocci, Giacomo Koch, Maximilian J. Wessel, and Alberto Priori
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Cerebellum ,Consensus ,cerebellum ,medicine.medical_treatment ,non-invasive ,electrical-stimulation ,Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ,phantom limb ,tms ,Cortex (anatomy) ,transcranial magnetic stimulation ,medicine ,Animals ,cortical connectivity ,essential tremor ,posterior cerebellum ,Dystonia ,tdcs ,primary motor cortex ,Transcranial direct-current stimulation ,business.industry ,Neuromodulation ,Non-invasive ,tDCS ,TMS ,Parkinson Disease ,medicine.disease ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,degenerative ataxias ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,nervous system ,Brain stimulation ,neuromodulation ,theta-burst stimulation ,Neurology (clinical) ,double-blind ,Motor learning ,business ,Neuroscience ,Motor cortex - Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in multiple closed-loops circuitry which connect the cerebellar modules with the motor cortex, prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortical areas, and contribute to motor control, cognitive processes, emotional processing, and behavior. Among them, the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway represents the anatomical substratum of cerebellum-motor cortex inhibition (CBI). However, the cerebellum is also connected with basal ganglia by disynaptic pathways, and cerebellar involvement in disorders commonly associated with basal ganglia dysfunction (e.g., Parkinson’s disease and dystonia) has been suggested. Lately, cerebellar activity has been targeted by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to indirectly affect and tune dysfunctional circuitry in the brain. Although the results are promising, several questions remain still unsolved. Here, a panel of experts from different specialties (neurophysiology, neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychology) reviews the current results on cerebellar NIBS with the aim to derive the future steps and directions needed. We discuss the effects of TMS in the field of cerebellar neurophysiology, the potentials of cerebellar tDCS, the role of animal models in cerebellar NIBS applications, and the possible application of cerebellar NIBS in motor learning, stroke recovery, speech and language functions, neuropsychiatric and movement disorders.
- Published
- 2021
19. 'Taste Strips' - A rapid, lateralized, gustatory bedside identification test based on impregnated filter papers
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Basile Nicolas Landis, Thomas Hummel, Mats Bende, Christian A. Mueller, Antje Welge-Luessen, Annika Brämerson, and Steven Nordin
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Adult ,Male ,Paper ,Aging ,Taste ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,genetic structures ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Taste Disorders/*diagnosis/physiopathology ,Taste test ,Taste/*physiology ,Functional Laterality ,Functional Laterality/physiology ,Taste Disorders ,Young Adult ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Reference Values ,Psychophysics ,Humans ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Sex Characteristics ,Psychophysics/methods ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,Aging/physiology ,ddc:616.8 ,Test (assessment) ,Neurology ,Reference values ,Taste function ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Point-of-Care Systems/*trends ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Objective : To elaborate normative values for a clinical psychophysical taste test ("Taste Strips”). Background : The "Taste Strips” are a psychophysical chemical taste test. So far, no definitive normative data had been published and only a fairly small sample size has been investigated. In light of this shortcoming for this easy, reliable and quick taste testing device, we attempted to provide normative values suitable for the clinical use. Setting : Normative value acquisition study, multicenter study. Methods : The investigation involved 537 participants reporting a normal sense of smell and taste (318 female, 219 male, mean age 44 years, age range 18-87 years). The taste test was based on spoonshaped filter paper strips ("Taste Strips”) impregnated with the four (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter) taste qualities in four different concentrations. The strips were placed on the left or right side of the anterior third of the extended tongue, resulting in a total of 32 trials. With their tongue still extended, patients had to identify the taste from a list of four descriptors, i. e., sweet, sour, salty, and bitter (multiple forcedchoice). To obtain an impression of overall gustatory function, the number of correctly identified tastes was summed up for a "taste score”. Results : Taste function decreased significantly with age. Women exhibited significantly higher taste scores than men which was true for all age groups. The taste score at the 10th percentile was selected as a cut-off value to distinguish normogeusia from hypogeusia. Results from a small series of patients with ageusia confirmed the clinical usefulness of the proposed normative values. Conclusion : The present data provide normative values for the "Taste Strips” based on over 500 subjects tested
- Published
- 2018
20. Simple and Inexpensive Paper-Based Astrocyte Co-culture to Improve Survival of Low-Density Neuronal Networks
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Aebersold, Mathias J., Thompson-Steckel, Greta, Joutang, Adriane, Schneider, Moritz, Burchert, Conrad, Forró, Csaba, Weydert, Serge, Han, Hana, Vörös, Janos, University of Zurich, and Vörös, János
- Subjects
low-density culture ,2800 General Neuroscience ,610 Medicine & health ,paper-based ,network activity ,co-culture ,neuron ,neurite length ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,astrocyte ,cell viability ,170 Ethics ,Methods ,10237 Institute of Biomedical Engineering ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Bottom-up neuroscience aims to engineer well-defined networks of neurons to investigate the functions of the brain. By reducing the complexity of the brain to achievable target questions, such in vitro bioassays better control experimental variables and can serve as a versatile tool for fundamental and pharmacological research. Astrocytes are a cell type critical to neuronal function, and the addition of astrocytes to neuron cultures can improve the quality of in vitro assays. Here, we present cellulose as an astrocyte culture substrate. Astrocytes cultured on the cellulose fiber matrix thrived and formed a dense 3D network. We devised a novel co-culture platform by suspending the easy-to-handle astrocytic paper cultures above neuronal networks of low densities typically needed for bottom-up neuroscience. There was significant improvement in neuronal viability after 5 days in vitro at densities ranging from 50,000 cells/cm2 down to isolated cells at 1,000 cells/cm2. Cultures exhibited spontaneous spiking even at the very low densities, with a significantly greater spike frequency per cell compared to control mono-cultures. Applying the co-culture platform to an engineered network of neurons on a patterned substrate resulted in significantly improved viability and almost doubled the density of live cells. Lastly, the shape of the cellulose substrate can easily be customized to a wide range of culture vessels, making the platform versatile for different applications that will further enable research in bottom-up neuroscience and drug development., Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, ISSN:1662-453X, ISSN:1662-4548
- Published
- 2018
21. Making the Best Out of IT: Design and Development of Exergames for Older Adults With Mild Neurocognitive Disorder - A Methodological Paper
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Manser, Patrick and de Bruin, Eling
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cognition ,training ,exercise ,neurosciences ,technology ,development ,exergames ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Methods ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Background: Utilizing information technology (IT) systems, for example in form of computerized cognitive screening or exergame-based (also called active videogames) training, has gained growing interest for supporting healthy aging and to detect, prevent and treat neurocognitive disorders (NCD). To ameliorate the effectiveness of exergaming, the neurobiological mechanisms as well as the most effective components for exergame-based training remain to be established. At the same time, it is important to account for the end-users’ capabilities, preferences, and therapeutic needs during the design and development process to foster the usability and acceptance of the resulting program in clinical practice. This will positively influence adherence to the resulting exergame-based training program, which, in turn, favors more distinct training-related neurobiological effects. Objectives and Methods: This methodological paper describes the design and development process of novel exergame-based training concepts guided by a recently proposed methodological framework: The ‘Multidisciplinary Iterative Design of Exergames (MIDE): A Framework for Supporting the Design, Development, and Evaluation of Exergames for Health’ (Li et al., 2020). Case Study: A step-by-step application of the MIDE-framework as a specific guidance in an ongoing project aiming to design, develop, and evaluate an exergame-based training concept with the aim to halt and/or reduce cognitive decline and improve quality of life in older adults with mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD) is illustrated. Discussion and Conclusion: The development of novel exergame-based training concepts is greatly facilitated when it is based on a theoretical framework (e.g., the MIDE-framework). Applying this framework resulted in a structured, iterative, and evidence-based approach that led to the identification of multiple key requirements for the exergame design as well as the training components that otherwise may have been overlooked or neglected. This is expected to foster the usability and acceptance of the resulting exergame intervention in “real life” settings. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to implement a theoretical framework (e.g., the MIDE-framework) for future research projects in line with well-known checklists to improve completeness of reporting and replicability when serious games for motor-cognitive rehabilitation purposes are to be developed. ISSN:1663-4365
- Published
- 2021
22. An American Physiological Society cross-journal Call for Papers on 'Inter-Organ Communication in Homeostasis and Disease'
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Nigel W. Bunnett, Gina L. C. Yosten, Mark R. Frey, André Marette, Hilary A. Coller, Thomas R. Kleyman, Bina Joe, Morten B. Thomsen, Jan-Marino Ramirez, Merry L. Lindsey, Heddwen L. Brooks, Rory E. Morty, and Sue C. Bodine
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Societies, Scientific ,Physiology ,business.industry ,Cell Biology ,Disease ,Cell Communication ,Editorial ,Physiology (medical) ,Medicine ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Periodicals as Topic ,business ,Neuroscience - Published
- 2021
23. Ten simple rules for collaboratively writing a multi-authored paper
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Blaize A. Denfeld, Stephanie E. Hampton, David P. Hamilton, Núria Catalán, Philipp S. Keller, Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer, Marieke A. Frassl, Abigail S. L. Lewis, Elvira de Eyto, Sapna Sharma, Mary E. Lofton, and Catherine M. O'Reilly
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0301 basic medicine ,Collaborative writing ,Writing ,Data management ,Culture ,Social Sciences ,Publication Ethics ,Marine and Aquatic Sciences ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Open Science ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sociology ,Open Data ,Psychology ,Cooperative Behavior ,Biology (General) ,Research Integrity ,Language ,Data Management ,Simple (philosophy) ,media_common ,Ecology ,Communication ,Publications ,co-authorship ,Open data ,Editorial ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Work (electrical) ,Open Access Publishing ,Modeling and Simulation ,Freshwater Environments ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Science Policy ,QH301-705.5 ,Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Ethics, Research ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Genetics ,Mathematics education ,Humans ,multi-authored paper ,Social Behavior ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Scientific Publishing ,Publishing ,Ekologi ,Research ethics ,business.industry ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Aquatic Environments ,Bodies of Water ,collaboration ,Metadata ,Lakes ,Leadership ,030104 developmental biology ,Earth Sciences ,Cognitive Science ,business ,Publication Practices ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience ,Diversity (politics) - Abstract
Science is increasingly done in large teams, making it more likely that papers will be written by several authors from different institutes, disciplines, and cultural backgrounds. A small number of “Ten simple rules” papers have been written on collaboration and on writing but not on combining the two. Collaborative writing with multiple authors has additional challenges, including varied levels of engagement of coauthors, provision of fair credit through authorship or acknowledgements, acceptance of a diversity of work styles, and the need for clear communication. Miscommunication, a lack of leadership, and inappropriate tools or writing approaches can lead to frustration, delay of publication, or even the termination of a project. To provide insight into collaborative writing, we use our experience from the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) to frame 10 simple rules for collaboratively writing a multi-authored paper. We consider a collaborative multi-authored paper to have three or more people from at least two different institutions. A multi-authored paper can be a result of a single discrete research project or the outcome of a larger research program that includes other papers based on common data or methods. The writing of a multi-authored paper is embedded within a broader context of planning and collaboration among team members. Our recommended rules include elements of both the planning and writing of a paper, and they can be iterative, although we have listed them in numerical order. It will help to revisit the rules frequently throughout the writing process. With the 10 rules outlined below, we aim to provide a foundation for writing multi-authored papers and conducting exciting and influential science.
- Published
- 2018
24. Guiding transcranial brain stimulation by EEG/MEG to interact with ongoing brain activity and associated functions: A position paper
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Ulf Ziemann, Antoni Valero-Cabré, Hartwig R. Siebner, Gregor Thut, Andrea Antal, Flavio Fröhlich, Surjo R. Soekadar, Til Ole Bergmann, Alexander T. Sack, John-Stuart Brittain, Carlo Miniussi, Christoph Herrmann, RS: FPN CN 4, and Cognition
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0301 basic medicine ,Brain activity and meditation ,Review ,Electroencephalography ,Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ,NEURONAL OSCILLATIONS ,MAGNETIC STIMULATION ,03 medical and health sciences ,ALTERNATING-CURRENT STIMULATION ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Premovement neuronal activity ,Humans ,Brain oscillations ,CONSCIOUS VISUAL-PERCEPTION ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,SLEEP SLOW OSCILLATION ,Non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NTBS) ,Brain ,Magnetoencephalography ,INDUCED I-WAVES ,Temporally guided NTBS ,CLOSED-LOOP STIMULATION ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,Sensory Systems ,030104 developmental biology ,Neurology ,HUMAN PHYSIOLOGICAL TREMOR ,Brain stimulation ,Position paper ,Neurology (clinical) ,HUMAN CORTEX ,Psychology ,MOTOR CORTICAL EXCITABILITY ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NTBS) techniques have a wide range of applications but also suffer from a number of limitations mainly related to poor specificity of intervention and variable effect size. These limitations motivated recent efforts to focus on the temporal dimension of NTBS with respect to the ongoing brain activity. Temporal patterns of ongoing neuronal activity, in particular brain oscillations and their fluctuations, can be traced with electro- or magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG), to guide the timing as well as the stimulation settings of NTBS. These novel, online and offline EEG/MEG-guided NTBS-approaches are tailored to specifically interact with the underlying brain activity. Online EEG/MEG has been used to guide the timing of NTBS (i.e., when to stimulate): by taking into account instantaneous phase or power of oscillatory brain activity, NTBS can be aligned to fluctuations in excitability states. Moreover, offline EEG/MEG recordings prior to interventions can inform researchers and clinicians how to stimulate: by frequency-tuning NTBS to the oscillation of interest, intrinsic brain oscillations can be up- or down-regulated. In this paper, we provide an overview of existing approaches and ideas of EEG/MEG-guided interventions, and their promises and caveats. We point out potential future lines of research to address challenges.
- Published
- 2017
25. Disadvantages in preparing and publishing scientific papers caused by the dominance of the English language in science: The case of Colombian researchers in biological sciences
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Valeria Ramírez-Castañeda
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Science and Technology Workforce ,Economics ,Writing ,Social Sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,Multilingualism ,Careers in Research ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Learning and Memory ,Salaries ,Science communication ,Psychology ,Salary ,lcsh:Science ,media_common ,Language ,Grammar ,Principal Component Analysis ,Multidisciplinary ,Impact factor ,Publications ,Statistics ,Public relations ,Research Personnel ,Professions ,Publishing ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Periodicals as Topic ,Research Article ,Science Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Science ,English grammar ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Biological Science Disciplines ,Human Learning ,Political science ,Humans ,Learning ,Statistical Methods ,Scientific Publishing ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Linguistics ,Reading comprehension ,Labor Economics ,People and Places ,Multivariate Analysis ,Cognitive Science ,Scientists ,Population Groupings ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Mathematics ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The success of a scientist depends on their production of scientific papers and the impact factor of the journal in which they publish. Because most major scientific journals are published in English, success is related to publishing in this language. Currently, 98% of publications in science are written in English, including researchers from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) countries. Colombia is among the countries with the lowest English proficiency in the world. Thus, understanding the disadvantages that Colombians face in publishing is crucial to reducing global inequality in science. This paper quantifies the disadvantages that result from the language hegemony in scientific publishing by examining the additional costs that communicating in English creates in the production of articles. It was identified that more than 90% of the scientific articles published by Colombian researchers are in English, and that publishing in a second language creates additional financial costs to Colombian doctoral students and results in problems with reading comprehension, writing ease and time, and anxiety. Rejection or revision of their articles because of the English grammar was reported by 43.5% of the doctoral students, and 33% elected not to attend international conferences and meetings due to the mandatory use of English in oral presentations. Finally, among the translation/editing services reviewed, the cost per article is between one-quarter and one-half of a doctoral monthly salary in Colombia. Of particular note, we identified a positive correlation between English proficiency and higher socioeconomic origin of the researcher. Overall, this study exhibits the negative consequences of hegemony of English that preserves the global gap in science. Although having a common language is important for science communication, generating multilinguistic alternatives would promote diversity while conserving a communication channel. Such an effort should come from different actors and should not fall solely on EFL researchers.
- Published
- 2020
26. Reply to a comment paper on the published paper by canta, a. Et al: 'calmangafodipir reduces sensory alterations and prevents intraepidermal nerve fibers loss in a mouse model of oxaliplatin induced peripheral neurotoxicity'—antioxidants 2020, 9, 594
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Annalisa Canta, Alessia Chiorazzi, Valentina Alda Carozzi, Virginia Rodriguez-Menendez, Norberto Oggioni, Laura Monza, Cristina Meregalli, Jacques Näsström, Paola Marmiroli, Eleonora Pozzi, Guido Cavaletti, G Fumagalli, Canta, A, Chiorazzi, A, Pozzi, E, Fumagalli, G, Monza, L, Meregalli, C, Carozzi, V, Rodriguez-Menendez, V, Oggioni, N, Nasstrom, J, Marmiroli, P, and Cavaletti, G
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,business.industry ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Neurotoxicity ,Sensory system ,Nerve fiber ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Biochemistry ,Oxaliplatin ,Peripheral ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Calmangafodipir ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,neuropathy, calmangafodipir ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The comments sent by Stehr, Lundstom and Karlsson with reference to our article “Calmangafodipir reduces sensory alterations and prevents intraepidermal nerve fiber loss in a mouse model of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity“ are very interesting, since they suggest possible mechanisms of action of the compound, which might contribute to its protective action [...]
- Published
- 2020
27. Hypothesis paper electroacupuncture targeting the gut-brain axis to modulate neurocognitive determinants of eating behavior-toward a proof of concept in the obese minipig model
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Xuwen Zhang, David Val-Laillet, Hanwei Chen, Guanzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
modèle animal ,Brain activity and meditation ,Electroacupuncture ,Swine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gut–brain axis ,imagerie cerebrale ,Obesity ,Vagus nerve ,Brain activity ,Brain imaging ,Pig model ,Review ,activité cérébrale ,03 medical and health sciences ,Health problems ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuroimaging ,nerf vague ,Acupuncture ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Brain ,Feeding Behavior ,3. Good health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,obésité ,Eating behavior ,Swine, Miniature ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,business ,Neuroscience ,Neurocognitive ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,porc - Abstract
Acupuncture has thousands of years of history and perspective for the treatment of many health problems and disorders. Beneficial effects of acupuncture on obesity have been demonstrated at various levels in animals and clinical trials, with almost no adverse effect, even when combined with local electrical stimulation, i.e., electroacupuncture (EA), a way to potentiate the effects of acupuncture. However, there is still scattered evidence about the impact of EA on brain functions related to the control of eating behavior, and notably on the gut–brain axis mechanisms involved in these putative central modulations. During the past 10 years, we have described a convincing diet-induced obese minipig model, and successfully implemented brain imaging and neurocognitive approaches to challenge mechanistic hypotheses and innovative therapeutic strategies. In the present article, we propose to confront the current literature on the acupuncture and EA effects on the gut–brain axis and obesity with the latest developments in nutrition and neuroscience research using the minipig model. Our aims are to (a) elaborate functional hypotheses on the gut–brain mechanisms underlying EA effects on obesity, and especially on the role of the vagus nerve, and (b) present the rational for testing these hypotheses in the minipig model.
- Published
- 2021
28. Introduction: Thematic Papers Issue on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Repair
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Kirsten Haastert-Talini, Claudia Grothe, Xavier Navarro, and Stefano Geuna
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Autonomic function ,Histology ,business.industry ,Regeneration (biology) ,Nerve guidance conduit ,Nerve injury ,Functional recovery ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Peripheral nerve ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Injuries to the peripheral nerves result in loss of motor, sensory and autonomic functions in the denervated segments of the body, thus having strong impact in the quality of life of affected patients. Neurons are able to regenerate their injured axons in the peripheral nerves; however, the endogenous repair mechanisms usually do not allow for a satisfactory functional recovery, especially after severe nerve injuries. The interest on regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries has increased in the recent years due to the numerous advances derived from studies of neurobiology, cell therapy, and tissue engineering. This Thematic Papers Issue brings together a number of papers, authored by researchers in the field, which cover a wide spectrum of topics related to regeneration and repair of peripheral nerve injuries. The Issue proposal originated from the recent 4th International Symposium on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration (ISPNR2017) which was hosted by Xavier Navarro and the European Society for the Study of Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration in Barcelona, Spain. Anat Rec, 301:1614-1617, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Published
- 2018
29. Quantity and/or Quality? The Importance of Publishing Many Papers.
- Author
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Sandström, Ulf and van den Besselaar, Peter
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CITATION analysis ,PERIODICAL publishing ,SWEDISH authors ,ECONOMIC competition ,PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
Do highly productive researchers have significantly higher probability to produce top cited papers? Or do high productive researchers mainly produce a sea of irrelevant papers—in other words do we find a diminishing marginal result from productivity? The answer on these questions is important, as it may help to answer the question of whether the increased competition and increased use of indicators for research evaluation and accountability focus has perverse effects or not. We use a Swedish author disambiguated dataset consisting of 48.000 researchers and their WoS-publications during the period of 2008–2011 with citations until 2014 to investigate the relation between productivity and production of highly cited papers. As the analysis shows, quantity does make a difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Ten simple rules for reading a scientific paper
- Author
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William A. Petri, Kevin L Steiner, and Maureen A. Carey
- Subjects
Science and Technology Workforce ,Economics ,Social Sciences ,Scientific literature ,Careers in Research ,Key (music) ,Habits ,Learning and Memory ,Sociology ,Reading (process) ,Psychology ,Biology (General) ,media_common ,Simple (philosophy) ,Textbooks ,Ecology ,Library card ,Careers ,Publications ,Research Assessment ,Professions ,Editorial ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Modeling and Simulation ,Research Reporting Guidelines ,Educational Status ,Periodicals as Topic ,Employment ,QH301-705.5 ,Science Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Education ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Level of Effort ,Human Learning ,Genetics ,Mathematics education ,Learning ,Early career ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Publishing ,Behavior ,Research ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Advice (programming) ,Reading ,Labor Economics ,People and Places ,Scientists ,Cognitive Science ,Population Groupings ,Undergraduates ,Neuroscience - Abstract
“There is no problem that a library card can't solve” according to author Eleanor Brown [1]. This advice is sound, probably for both life and science, but even the best tool (like the library) is most effective when accompanied by instructions and a basic understanding of how and when to use it. For many budding scientists, the first day in a new lab setting often involves a stack of papers, an email full of links to pertinent articles, or some promise of a richer understanding so long as one reads enough of the scientific literature. However, the purpose and approach to reading a scientific article is unlike that of reading a news story, novel, or even a textbook and can initially seem unapproachable. Having good habits for reading scientific literature is key to setting oneself up for success, identifying new research questions, and filling in the gaps in one’s current understanding; developing these good habits is the first crucial step. Advice typically centers around two main tips: read actively and read often. However, active reading, or reading with an intent to understand, is both a learned skill and a level of effort. Although there is no one best way to do this, we present 10 simple rules, relevant to novices and seasoned scientists alike, to teach our strategy for active reading based on our experience as readers and as mentors of undergraduate and graduate researchers, medical students, fellows, and early career faculty. Rules 1–5 are big picture recommendations. Rules 6–8 relate to philosophy of reading. Rules 9–10 guide the “now what?” questions one should ask after reading and how to integrate what was learned into one’s own science.
- Published
- 2020
31. Data Fabrication and Data Falsification in the paper entitled 'Regulation of DARPP-32 dephosphorylation at PKA and Cdk5-sites by NMDA and AMPA receptors', authored by Nishi, A., Bibb, J.A., Matsuyama, S., Hamada, M., Higushi, H., Nairn, A.C. and Greengard. P., and published in the Journal of Neurochemistry. [J. Neurochem. (2002) Vol. 5, pp832-841]
- Author
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H.Y. Lim Tung
- Subjects
Dephosphorylation ,Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 ,Philosophy ,Glutamate receptor ,Phosphorylation ,NMDA receptor ,Neurochemistry ,AMPA receptor ,Neuroscience ,Ionotropic effect - Abstract
The paper entitled "Regulation of DARPP-32 dephosphorylation at PKA and Cdk5-sites by NMDA and AMPA receptors", authored by Nishi, A., Bibb, J.A., Matsuyama, S., Hamada, M., Higushi, H., Nairn, A.C. and Greengard. P., and published in the Journal of Neurochemistry. [J. Neurochem. (2002) Vol. 5, pp832-841] describes the study the effects of ionotropic glutamate NMDA and AMPA receptors on DARPP-32 phosphorylation in neostriatal slices and purported to show that activation of NMDA and AMPA receptors caused the decrease of phosphorylations of threonone 34 and threonine 75 DARPP-32 mediated by Ca 2+-dependent activation of calcineurin and protein phosphatase-2A respectively. However, no supporting scientific results were provided. Figures 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D are duplicates of each other. With exactly the same figures depicting exactly the same immunublots, the authors somehow came up with different bar charts that supposedly quantify the extent of DARPP-32 phosphorylation levels under different conditions. Figures 3A and 3C are also duplicates of each other. It is not clear how the reviewer(s) and the Editor of the Journal of Neurochemistry could have missed the glaring evidence of Data Fabrication and and Data Falsification.
- Published
- 2020
32. The History of Spanish Neuroscience: Thematic Papers Issue
- Author
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Juan A. De Carlos
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0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Histology ,History ,Honor ,Anatomy ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Biotechnology ,Front (military) - Abstract
To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the Instituto Cajal, we bring this thematic issue to honor Spanish neuroscience. The issue includes several papers written by scientists, most of them being direct descendants of those who lived on the front lines of the dawn of Spanish neuroscience. These pages reflect a summary of the main achievements of this unique group of neuroscientists, all of them belonging to the Cajal School. Finally, this school of scientists became the forerunner of the modern worldwide neuroscience. Anat Rec, 303:1179–1180, 2020. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy.
- Published
- 2020
33. Anchoring effects in the assessment of papers: The proposal for an empirical survey of citing authors
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Alexander Tekles, Christian Ganser, and Lutz Bornmann
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Databases, Factual ,Research Quality Assessment ,Social Sciences ,Surveys ,Treatment and control groups ,Cognition ,Email address ,Citation analysis ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Psychology ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,Problem Solving ,Data Management ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,Impact factor ,Publications ,Cognitive Heuristics ,Research Assessment ,Research Personnel ,Research Design ,Publishing ,Citation Analysis ,Medicine ,Journal Impact Factor ,Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Decision Making ,Bibliometrics ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Registered Report Protocol ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,Scientific Publishing ,Internet ,Survey Research ,Actuarial science ,business.industry ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cognitive Science ,Citation ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
In our planned study, we shall empirically study the assessment of cited papers within the framework of the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic. We are interested in the question whether citation decisions are (mainly) driven by the quality of cited references. The design of our study is oriented towards the study by Teplitskiy, Duede [10]. We shall undertake a survey of corresponding authors with an available email address in the Web of Science database. The authors are asked to assess the quality of papers that they cited in previous papers. Some authors will be assigned to three treatment groups that receive further information alongside the cited paper: citation information, information on the publishing journal (journal impact factor), or a numerical access code to enter the survey. The control group will not receive any further numerical information. In the statistical analyses, we estimate how (strongly) the quality assessments of the cited papers are adjusted by the respondents to the anchor value (citation, journal, or access code). Thus, we are interested in whether possible adjustments in the assessments can not only be produced by quality-related information (citation or journal), but also by numbers that are not related to quality, i.e. the access code. The results of the study may have important implications for quality assessments of papers by researchers and the role of numbers, citations, and journal metrics in assessment processes.
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- 2021
34. Consensus Paper: Towards a Systems-Level View of Cerebellar Function: the Interplay Between Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Cortex
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Paul F. M. J. Verschure, Giovanni Pezzulo, Kenji Doya, Daniele Caligiore, Rick C. Helmich, Ángel Lago-Rodríguez, Peter L. Strick, Andreea C. Bostan, James C. Houk, Gianluca Baldassarre, Ivan Herreros, Riccardo Zucca, Michiel F. Dirkx, Joseph M. Galea, R. Chris Miall, Henrik Jörntell, Traian Popa, and Asha Kishore
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0301 basic medicine ,Cerebellum ,Consensus ,Movement disorders ,Basal Ganglia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Neural Pathways ,Basal ganglia ,Parkinson's disease tremor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Non-invasive brain stimulation ,Cerebral Cortex ,Medicine(all) ,Computational neuroscience ,Cerebellar function ,Cognition ,Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3] ,Cerebellar motor and cognitive function ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Cerebral cortex ,Basal ganglia cerebellum anatomical link ,Nucleo-olivary inhibition ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Parkinson’s disease tremor - Abstract
Despite increasing evidence suggesting the cerebellum works in concert with the cortex and basal ganglia, the nature of the reciprocal interactions between these three brain regions remains unclear. This consensus paper gathers diverse recent views on a variety of important roles played by the cerebellum within the cerebello-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical system across a range of motor and cognitive functions. The paper includes theoretical and empirical contributions, which cover the following topics: recent evidence supporting the dynamical interplay between cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cortical areas in humans and other animals; theoretical neuroscience perspectives and empirical evidence on the reciprocal influences between cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cortex in learning and control processes; and data suggesting possible roles of the cerebellum in basal ganglia movement disorders. Although starting from different backgrounds and dealing with different topics, all the contributors agree that viewing the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cortex as an integrated system enables us to understand the function of these areas in radically different ways. In addition, there is unanimous consensus between the authors that future experimental and computational work is needed to understand the function of cerebellar-basal ganglia circuitry in both motor and non-motor functions. The paper reports the most advanced perspectives on the role of the cerebellum within the cerebello-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical system and illustrates other elements of consensus as well as disagreements and open questions in the field. The present research was supported by the European Commission 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), “Challenge 2—Cognitive Systems, Interaction, Robotics,” grant agreement No. ICT IP-231722, project “IM-CLeVeR—Intrinsically Motivated Cumulative Learning Versatile Robots” to D. Caligiore; by the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP), award number RGY0088/2014 to G. Pezzulo; in parts by funds from the Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs and National Institutes of Health Grants R01 NS24328, R01 MH56661, P40 OD010996, and P30 NS076405 to P. L. Strick; by the European Research Council project MotMotLearn (637488) to J. Galea; by the MRC (grant R/J012610/1) to R.C. Miall and Wellcome Trust, grant WT087554 to R.C. Miall and A. Lago-Rodriguez; by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 341196 to P. F. M. J. Verschure; and by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 socSMC (under agreement number socSMC-641321H2020-FETPROACT-2014) to I. Herreros. We thank the two anonymous reviewers and Professor Michael A. Arbib who have contributed to enhance the quality of this consensus paper with precious comments.
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- 2017
35. Applying extracellular vesicles based therapeutics in clinical trials - an ISEV position paper
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Lener, Thomas, Gimona, Mario, Aigner, Ludwig, Börger, Verena, Buzas, Edit, Camussi, Giovanni, Chaput, Nathalie, Chatterjee, Devasis, Court, Felipe A, Del Portillo, Hernando A, O'Driscoll, Lorraine, Fais, Stefano, Falcon-Perez, Juan M, Felderhoff-Mueser, Ursula, Fraile, Lorenzo, Gho, Yong Song, Görgens, André, Gupta, Ramesh C, Hendrix, An, Hermann, Dirk M, Hill, Andrew F, Hochberg, Fred, Horn, Peter A, de Kleijn, Dominique, Kordelas, Lambros, Kramer, Boris W, Krämer-Albers, Eva-Maria, Laner-Plamberger, Sandra, Laitinen, Saara, Leonardi, Tommaso, Lorenowicz, Magdalena J, Lim, Sai Kiang, Lötvall, Jan, Maguire, Casey A, Marcilla, Antonio, Nazarenko, Irina, Ochiya, Takahiro, Patel, Tushar, Pedersen, Shona, Pocsfalvi, Gabriella, Pluchino, Stefano, Quesenberry, Peter, Reischl, Ilona G, Rivera, Francisco J, Sanzenbacher, Ralf, Schallmoser, Katharina, Slaper-Cortenbach, Ineke, Strunk, Dirk, Tonn, Torsten, Vader, Pieter, van Balkom, Bas W M, Wauben, Marca, Andaloussi, Samir El, Théry, Clotilde, Rohde, Eva, Giebel, Bernd, Infection & Immunity, Fertility & Reproduction, dI&I I&I-1, dB&C I&I, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, Infection & Immunity, Fertility & Reproduction, dI&I I&I-1, dB&C I&I, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, Kindergeneeskunde, MUMC+: MA Medische Staf Kindergeneeskunde (9), RS: MHeNs - R3 - Neuroscience, RS: GROW - Developmental Biology, and RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine
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Bioquímica clínica ,Medizin ,ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY ,Bioinformatics ,immunology ,neurobiology ,haematology ,stem cells ,tissue regeneration ,tumour vaccination ,regulation ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical trials ,Clinical investigation ,VERSUS-HOST-DISEASE ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION ,Medicine ,Immunologia ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,lcsh:Cytology ,OUTER-MEMBRANE VESICLES ,Hematology ,Biologia experimental ,3. Good health ,TUMOR-DERIVED EXOSOMES ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Drug delivery ,Position Paper ,Cèl·lules mare ,Neurobiologia ,Histology ,Medicina Investigació ,Cèl·lules ,NANOPARTICLE TRACKING ANALYSIS ,Extracellular vesicles ,MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS ,03 medical and health sciences ,Journal Article ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,REGULATORY T-CELLS ,European union ,lcsh:QH573-671 ,ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS ,Hematologia ,030304 developmental biology ,business.industry ,Cell Biology ,Microvesicles ,Clinical trial ,Position paper ,Pharmaceutical manufacturing ,UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD ,business ,Neuroscience ,Assaigs clínics - Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are released by different cell types and participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes. EVs mediate intercellular communication as cell-derived extracellular signalling organelles that transmit specific information from their cell of origin to their target cells. As a result of these properties, EVs of defined cell types may serve as novel tools for various therapeutic approaches, including (a) anti-tumour therapy, (b) pathogen vaccination, (c) immune-modulatory and regenerative therapies and (d) drug delivery. The translation of EVs into clinical therapies requires the categorization of EV-based therapeutics in compliance with existing regulatory frameworks. As the classification defines subsequent requirements for manufacturing, quality control and clinical investigation, it is of major importance to define whether EVs are considered the active drug components or primarily serve as drug delivery vehicles. For an effective and particularly safe translation of EV-based therapies into clinical practice, a high level of cooperation between researchers, clinicians and competent authorities is essential. In this position statement, basic and clinical scientists, as members of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) and of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, namely European Network on Microvesicles and Exosomes in Health and Disease (ME-HaD), summarize recent developments and the current knowledge of EV-based therapies. Aspects of safety and regulatory requirements that must be considered for pharmaceutical manufacturing and clinical application are highlighted. Production and quality control processes are discussed. Strategies to promote the therapeutic application of EVs in future clinical studies are addressed.
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- 2015
36. Response to the commentary on our paper 'bioenergetics of the VO2 slow component between exercise intensity domains'
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Kevin Caen, Alessandro L. Colosio, Jan Bourgois, Carlo Capelli, Øyvind Nøstdahl Gløersen, Silvia Pogliaghi, and Jan Boone
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n/a ,Bioenergetics ,Physiology ,Physiology (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Exercise intensity ,MEDLINE ,Human physiology ,Biology ,Slow component ,Neuroscience ,Clinical biochemistry - Published
- 2020
37. Quality analysis for reliable complex multiclass neuroscience signal classification via electroencephalography
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Shankhdhar, Ashutosh, Verma, Pawan Kumar, Agrawal, Prateek, Madaan, Vishu, and Gupta, Charu
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Review Paper: Tau Pathology of Alzheimer Disease: Possible Role of Sleep Deprivation
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Sajjad Hejazi, Javad Mahmoudi, Mahnaz Talebi, and Nahid Ahmadian
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0301 basic medicine ,Apolipoprotein E ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Amyloid beta-protein precursor ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Tau proteins ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Sleep disorder ,Clinical neuroscience ,Neurofilament proteins ,Amyloid beta-peptides ,Alzheimer's disease ,medicine.disease ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Sleep deprivation ,030104 developmental biology ,Glymphatic system ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Sleep deprivation is a common complaint in modern societies. Insufficient sleep has increased the risk of catching neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer Several studies have indicated that restricted sleep increases the level of deposition of β-amyloid and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, the major brain microstructural hallmarks for Alzheimer disease. The mechanisms by which sleep deprivation affects the pathology of Alzheimer disease has not yet been fully and definitively identified. However, risk factors like apolipoprotein E risk alleles, kinases and phosphatases dysregulation, reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum damages, glymphatic system dysfunctions and orexinergic system inefficacy have been identified as the most important factors which mediates between the two conditions. In this review, these factors are briefly discussed.
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- 2018
39. A Tribute to Lewis Wolpert on the 50th Anniversary of the Publication of His Paper ‘Positional Information and the Spatial Pattern of Differentiation’. Evidence for a Timing Mechanism for Setting Up the Vertebrate Anterior-Posterior (A-P) Axis
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Antony Durston
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cell_developmental_biology ,Mechanism (biology) ,biology.animal ,Limb development ,Vertebrate ,Anterior posterior ,Biology ,Hox gene ,Neuroscience - Abstract
This article is a tribute to Lewis Wolpert on the occasion of the recent 50th anniversary of the publication of his article ‘Positional Information and the Spatial Pattern of Differentiation’. This tribute relates to another of his ideas: his early ‘Progress Zone’ timing model for limb development. Recent evidence is reviewed that a mechanism sharing features with this model patterns the main body axis in early vertebrate development. This tribute celebrates the golden era of Developmental Biology.
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- 2019
40. STP Position Paper: Recommended Best Practices for Sampling, Processing, and Analysis of the Peripheral Nervous System (Nerves and Somatic and Autonomic Ganglia) during Nonclinical Toxicity Studies
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Georg Krinke, Brad Bolon, Bernard S Jortner, Deepa B. Rao, Karl F. Jensen, Robert H. Garman, Mark T. Butt, Lydia L. Andrews-Jones, Michael S. Thibodeau, Ingrid D. Pardo, James P. Morrison, and Alok K. Sharma
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040301 veterinary sciences ,Autonomic ganglion ,H&E stain ,Neuropathology ,Toxicology ,Specimen Handling ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Trigeminal ganglion ,0302 clinical medicine ,Peripheral Nervous System ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Sampling (medicine) ,Molecular Biology ,business.industry ,Histological Techniques ,Neurotoxicity ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Peripheral nervous system ,Spinal nerve ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) toxicity is surveyed inconsistently in nonclinical general toxicity studies. These Society of Toxicologic Pathology “best practice” recommendations are designed to ensure consistent, efficient, and effective sampling, processing, and evaluation of PNS tissues for four different situations encountered during nonclinical general toxicity (screening) and dedicated neurotoxicity studies. For toxicity studies where neurotoxicity is unknown or not anticipated (situation 1), PNS evaluation may be limited to one sensorimotor spinal nerve. If somatic PNS neurotoxicity is suspected (situation 2), analysis minimally should include three spinal nerves, multiple dorsal root ganglia, and a trigeminal ganglion. If autonomic PNS neuropathy is suspected (situation 3), parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia should be assessed. For dedicated neurotoxicity studies where a neurotoxic effect is expected (situation 4), PNS sampling follows the strategy for situations 2 and/or 3, as dictated by functional or other compound/target-specific data. For all situations, bilateral sampling with unilateral processing is acceptable. For situations 1–3, PNS is processed conventionally (immersion in buffered formalin, paraffin embedding, and hematoxylin and eosin staining). For situation 4 (and situations 2 and 3 if resources and timing permit), perfusion fixation with methanol-free fixative is recommended. Where PNS neurotoxicity is suspected or likely, at least one (situations 2 and 3) or two (situation 4) nerve cross sections should be postfixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium before hard plastic resin embedding; soft plastic embedding is not a suitable substitute for hard plastic. Special methods may be used if warranted to further characterize PNS findings. Initial PNS analysis should be informed, not masked (“blinded”). Institutions may adapt these recommendations to fit their specific programmatic requirements but may need to explain in project documentation the rationale for their chosen PNS sampling, processing, and evaluation strategy.
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- 2018
41. Anteroventral bed nuclei of the stria terminalis neurocircuitry: Towards an integration of HPA axis modulation with coping behaviors - Curt Richter Award Paper 2017
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Jason J. Radley and Shane B. Johnson
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0301 basic medicine ,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,endocrine system ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Infralimbic cortex ,Limbic Lobe ,Pituitary-Adrenal System ,Passive coping ,Coping behavior ,Biology ,Effector cell ,Article ,Fight-or-flight response ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Thalamus ,Stress, Physiological ,Adaptation, Psychological ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Chronic stress ,Biological Psychiatry ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Mental Disorders ,Psychophysiologic Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Stria terminalis ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Hypothalamus ,Septal Nuclei ,Nerve Net ,Neuroscience ,Stress, Psychological ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
A network of interconnected cell groups in the limbic forebrain regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and behavioral responses to emotionally stressful experiences, and chronic disruption of these systems chronically is implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illnesses. A significant challenge has been to unravel the circuitry and mechanisms providing for regulation of HPA activity, as these limbic forebrain regions do not provide any direct innervation of HPA effector cell groups in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH). Moreover, information regarding how endocrine and behavioral responses are integrated has remained obscure. Here we summarize work from our laboratory showing that anteroventral (av) bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) acts as a point of convergence between the limbic forebrain and PVH, receiving and coordinating upstream influences, and restraining HPA axis output in response to inescapable stressors. Recent studies highlight a more expansive modulatory role for avBST as one that coordinates HPA-inhibitory influences while concurrently suppressing passive behavioral responses via divergent pathways. avBST is uniquely positioned to convey endocrine and behavioral alterations resulting from chronic stress exposure, such as HPA axis hyperactivity and increased passive coping strategies, that may result from synaptic reorganization in upstream limbic cortical regions. We discuss how these studies give new insights into understanding the systems-level organization of stress response circuitry, the neurobiology of coping styles, and BST circuit dysfunction in stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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- 2018
42. Review paper. Terminal lucidity
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Boris Alejandro Chiriboga-Oleszczak
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Psychiatry ,end of life experience ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,RC435-571 ,050109 social psychology ,Pharmacy ,General Medicine ,terminal lucidity ,lightening up before death ,memory ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Terminal (electronics) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Terminal lucidity is a term used in the medical literature to determine the improvement of mental functioning shortly before death, even among patients with serious and long-term disorders. In 19th century, cases of mind clarity recovery shortly before death, were often recognized by doctors and interpreted as a sign of an impending death. In 20th century, the interest in this phenomenon decreased and then, virtually disappear. In recent years, on the wave of publications concerning near death experiences and related events such as the end of life experiences, papers about the improvement of mental functioning shortly before death, exponentially grew and got a new name, terminal lucidity. In this paper, an overview of the available literature is presented to outline the historical, phenomenological and clinical picture of this phenomenon and its possible implications for medical care and future studies.
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- 2017
43. Mistakes can stabilise the dynamics of rock-paper-scissors games
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Krishnendu Chatterjee, Maria Kleshnina, Jerzy A. Filar, and Sabrina Streipert
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Evolutionary Genetics ,0301 basic medicine ,Computer science ,Population Dynamics ,Social Sciences ,Stable equilibrium ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psychology ,050207 economics ,Biology (General) ,Strategy execution ,0303 health sciences ,Animal Behavior ,Ecology ,Applied Mathematics ,05 social sciences ,Biological Evolution ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Dynamics (music) ,Modeling and Simulation ,Physical Sciences ,Probability distribution ,Mathematical economics ,Game theory ,Research Article ,QH301-705.5 ,Decision Making ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Game Theory ,0502 economics and business ,Genetics ,Humans ,Animal behavior ,Evolutionary dynamics ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,Behavior ,Evolutionary Biology ,Population Biology ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Probability Theory ,Probability Distribution ,Organismal Evolution ,030104 developmental biology ,Microbial Evolution ,Cognitive Science ,Zoology ,Mathematics ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
A game of rock-paper-scissors is an interesting example of an interaction where none of the pure strategies strictly dominates all others, leading to a cyclic pattern. In this work, we consider an unstable version of rock-paper-scissors dynamics and allow individuals to make behavioural mistakes during the strategy execution. We show that such an assumption can break a cyclic relationship leading to a stable equilibrium emerging with only one strategy surviving. We consider two cases: completely random mistakes when individuals have no bias towards any strategy and a general form of mistakes. Then, we determine conditions for a strategy to dominate all other strategies. However, given that individuals who adopt a dominating strategy are still prone to behavioural mistakes in the observed behaviour, we may still observe extinct strategies. That is, behavioural mistakes in strategy execution stabilise evolutionary dynamics leading to an evolutionary stable and, potentially, mixed co-existence equilibrium., Author summary A game of rock-paper-scissors is more than just a children’s game. This type of interactions is often used to describe competition among animals or humans. A special feature of such an interaction is that none of the pure strategies dominates, resulting in a cyclic pattern. However, in wild communities such interactions are rarely observed by biologists. Our results suggest that this lack of cyclicity may stem from imperfectness of interacting individuals. In other words, we show analytically that heterogeneity in behavioural patterns may break a cyclic relationship and lead to a stable equilibrium in pure or mixed strategies.
- Published
- 2021
44. Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation: A white paper from the International Cerebral Autoregulation Research Network
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Claassen, J. A., Meel-Van Den Abeelen, A. S. S., Simpson, D. M., Panerai, R. B., Alexander Caicedo Dorado, Mitsis, Georgios D., Brassard, P., Ainslie, Philip N., Summers, P., Iwasaki, K., Ragauskas, A., Tzeng, Y. -C, Müller, M., Wang, C. Y., Hu, H. H., Gommer, E., Karemaker, J. M., Aries, M., Van Lieshout, J. J., Semenyuti, V., Aliev, V., Potter, J., Smielewski, P., Liu, X., Czosnyka, M., Payne, S., Bailey, D., Yelicich, B., Puppo, C., Shin, D., Rickards, C. A., Serrador, J., Zhang, R., Marmarelis, V. Z., Novak, V., MUMC+: HZC Niet Med Staf Klinische Neurofys (9), RS: FHML non-thematic output, RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, and Mitsis, Georgios D. [0000-0001-9975-5128]
- Subjects
Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1] ,Subarachnoid hemorrhage ,SPONTANEOUS BLOOD-PRESSURE ,CEREBROVASCULAR AUTOREGULATION ,Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16] ,cerebral blood flow ,Neurophysiology ,Blood Pressure ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cerebral autoregulation ,transfer function analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,white paper ,0302 clinical medicine ,TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ,medicine ,OSCILLATIONS ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Autoregulation ,Cerebral perfusion pressure ,Review Articles ,SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE ,Transfer function analysis ,FLOW VELOCITY ,gold standard ,QUANTIFICATION ,medicine.disease ,REACTIVITY ,Transcranial Doppler ,FOURIER-TRANSFORM ,Blood pressure ,Neurology ,Cerebral blood flow ,Cerebrovascular Circulation ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext Cerebral autoregulation is the intrinsic ability of the brain to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion in the presence of blood pressure changes. A large number of methods to assess the quality of cerebral autoregulation have been proposed over the last 30 years. However, no single method has been universally accepted as a gold standard. Therefore, the choice of which method to employ to quantify cerebral autoregulation remains a matter of personal choice. Nevertheless, given the concept that cerebral autoregulation represents the dynamic relationship between blood pressure (stimulus or input) and cerebral blood flow (response or output), transfer function analysis became the most popular approach adopted in studies based on spontaneous fluctuations of blood pressure. Despite its sound theoretical background, the literature shows considerable variation in implementation of transfer function analysis in practice, which has limited comparisons between studies and hindered progress towards clinical application. Therefore, the purpose of the present white paper is to improve standardisation of parameters and settings adopted for application of transfer function analysis in studies of dynamic cerebral autoregulation. The development of these recommendations was initiated by (but not confined to) theCerebral Autoregulation Research Network(CARNet -www.car-net.org).
- Published
- 2015
45. The contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific paper—The role of Semantic Link Network.
- Author
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Cao, Mengyun, Sun, Xiaoping, and Zhuge, Hai
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- *
COMPLEXITY (Philosophy) , *CAUSATION (Philosophy) , *SEMANTICS , *RESEARCH , *PHILOSOPHY - Abstract
The Semantic Link Network is a general semantic model for modeling the structure and the evolution of complex systems. Various semantic links play different roles in rendering the semantics of complex system. One of the basic semantic links represents cause-effect relation, which plays an important role in representation and understanding. This paper verifies the role of the Semantic Link Network in representing the core of text by investigating the contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific papers. Research carries out with the following steps: (1) Two propositions on the contribution of cause-effect link in rendering the core of paper are proposed and verified through a statistical survey, which shows that the sentences on cause-effect links cover about 65% of key words within each paper on average. (2) An algorithm based on syntactic patterns is designed for automatically extracting cause-effect link from scientific papers, which recalls about 70% of manually annotated cause-effect links on average, indicating that the result adapts to the scale of data sets. (3) The effects of cause-effect link on four schemes of incorporating cause-effect link into the existing instances of the Semantic Link Network for enhancing the summarization of scientific papers are investigated. The experiments show that the quality of the summaries is significantly improved, which verifies the role of semantic links. The significance of this research lies in two aspects: (1) it verifies that the Semantic Link Network connects the important concepts to render the core of text; and, (2) it provides an evidence for realizing content services such as summarization, recommendation and question answering based on the Semantic Link Network, and it can inspire relevant research on content computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Information presentation through a head-worn display (“smart glasses”) has a smaller influence on the temporal structure of gait variability during dual-task gait compared to handheld displays (paper-based system and smartphone).
- Author
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Sedighi, Alireza, Ulman, Sophia M., and Nussbaum, Maury A.
- Subjects
- *
GAIT in humans , *MOTOR ability , *PHYSICAL activity , *STANDARD deviations , *ENTROPY - Abstract
The need to complete multiple tasks concurrently is a common occurrence both daily life and in occupational activities, which can often include simultaneous cognitive and physical demands. As one example, there is increasing availability of head-worn display technologies that can be employed when a user is mobile (e.g., while walking). This new method of information presentation may, however, introduce risks of adverse outcomes such as a decrement to gait performance. The goal of this study was thus to quantify the effects of a head-worn display (i.e., smart glasses) on motor variability during gait and to compare these effects with those of other common information displays (i.e., smartphone and paper-based system). Twenty participants completed four walking conditions, as a single task and in three dual-task conditions (three information displays). In the dual-task conditions, the information display was used to present several cognitive tasks. Three different measures were used to quantify variability in gait parameters for each walking condition (using the cycle-to-cycle standard deviation, sample entropy, and the “goal-equivalent manifold” approach). Our results indicated that participants used less adaptable gait strategies in dual-task walking using the paper-based system and smartphone conditions compared with single-task walking. Gait performance, however, was less affected during dual-task walking with the smart glasses. We conclude that the risk of an adverse gait event (e.g., a fall) in head-down walking conditions (i.e., the paper-based system and smartphone conditions) were higher than in single-task walking, and that head-worn displays might help reduce the risk of such events during dual-task gait conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Inborn and experience-dependent models of categorical brain organization. A position paper
- Author
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Guido Gainotti
- Subjects
Review Article ,Representation (arts) ,Domains of knowledge hypothesis ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Ategory-specific semantic disorders ,Visual processing ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Sensory-motor model of semantic knowledge ,Inborn models of conceptual representations ,category-specific semantic disorders ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Categorical variable ,Biological Psychiatry ,Simple (philosophy) ,Cognitive science ,Point (typography) ,business.industry ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Weighting ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Role of experience in the representation of objects ,inborn models of conceptual representations ,Position paper ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The present review aims to summarize the debate in contemporary neuroscience between inborn and experience-dependent models of conceptual representations that goes back to the description of category-specific semantic disorders for biological and artefact categories. Experience-dependent models suggest that categorical disorders are the by-product of the differential weighting of different sources of knowledge in the representation of biological and artefact categories. These models maintain that semantic disorders are not really category-specific, because they do not respect the boundaries between different categories. They also argue that the brain structures disrupted in a given type of category-specific semantic disorder should correspond to the areas of convergence of the sensory-motor information which play a major role in the construction of that category. Furthermore, they provide a simple interpretation of gender-related categorical effects and are supported by studies that have assessed the importance of prior experience in the cortical representation of objects On the other hand, inborn models maintain that category-specific semantic disorders reflect the disruption of innate brain networks, which are shaped by natural selection to allow rapid identification of objects that are very relevant for survival. From the empirical point of view, these models are mainly supported by observations made in blind subjects, which suggest that visual experience is not necessary for the emergence of category-specificity in the ventral stream of visual processing. The weight of data supporting experience-dependent and inborn models are thoroughly discussed, stressing the fact observations made in blind subjects are still the subject of intense debate, but concluding that at the present state of knowledge it is not possible to choose between experience-dependent and inborn models of conceptual representations.
- Published
- 2015
48. Research Paper: The Modulatory Role of Orexin 1 Receptor in CA1 on Orofacial Pain-induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Rats
- Author
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Razieh Kooshki, Mehdi Abbasnejad, Maryam Raoof, and Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Orofacial pain ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Morris water navigation task ,CA1 ,Learning and memory ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Orexin-A ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Memory impairment ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Orexin 1 Receptor ,Clinical neuroscience ,Orexin ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Capsaicin ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive impairment is commonly associated with pain. The modulatory role of orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) in pain pathways as well as learning and memory processes is reported in several studies. The current study was designed to investigate the possible role of CA1-hippocampal OX1R on spatial learning and memory of rats following capsaicin-induced orofacial pain. Methods: Orofacial pain was induced by subcutaneous intra lip injection of capsaicin (100 μg). CA1 administration of orexin A and its selective antagonist (SB-334867-A) were performed 20 minutes prior to capsaicin injection. Learning and spatial memory performances were assessed by Morris Water Maze (MWM) task. Results: Capsaicin treated rats showed impairment in spatial learning and memory. In addition, pretreatment with orexin A (20 and 40 nM/rat) significantly attenuated learning and memory impairment in capsaicin-treated rats. Conversely, blockage of OX1R via SB-334867-A (40 and 80 nM/rat) significantly exaggerated learning and memory loss in capsaicin-treated rats. Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that CA1 OX1R may be involved in modulation of capsaicin –induced spatial learning and memory impairment.
- Published
- 2017
49. Research Paper: The Anti-Parkinsonism Effects of KATP Channel Blockade in the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Animal Model: The Role of Oxidative Stress
- Author
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Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi, Abbas Azadmehr, Hossein Piri, Negin Fraidouni, Tahereh Dargahi, and Mohamadhosein Yaghoubidoust
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0301 basic medicine ,B vitamins ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Neuroprotection ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Glibenclamide ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Malondialdehyde ,medicine ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Hydroxydopamine ,business.industry ,Parkinsonism ,Neurotoxicity ,medicine.disease ,Parkinson disease ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,nervous system ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience ,6-Hydroxydopamine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction: Studies suggest that ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of pretreatment with glibenclamide (Glib) and B vitamins supplement on the severity of behavioral symptoms in 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-induced Parkinsonism. Also malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was measured in the blood and brain suspensions to find probable neuroprotective mechanism of Glib. Methods: The 6-OHDA was injected into striatum of rats by stereotaxic surgery. Treatment with Glib and B vitamins was started before the surgery and continued up to 3 weeks after that. Development and severity of Parkinsonism were evaluated by conventional behavioral tests. MDA values were measured spectrophotometrically using thiobarbituric acid and MDA standard curve. Results: Pretreatments with Glib, at both doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg or B vitamins significantly ameliorated severity of the behavioral symptoms. Pretreatment with a combination of Glib and B vitamins was more effective than pretreatment with Glib or B vitamins alone. Also, pretreatment with B vitamins, Glib, or a combination of them reduced MDA concentration in the brain suspensions. Decrease in MDA concentration in the group of rats that received a combination of B vitamins and Glib was more prominent than that of the Glib groups. Conclusion: As severity of the behavioral symptoms in the 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonism reflects the degree of the lesion in Substantia Nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons, it is suggested that Glib pretreatment has neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. The current study data also showed that this effect may be mediated by antioxidant effect of Glib.
- Published
- 2017
50. Research Paper: Cross State-dependent Learning Interaction Between Scopolamine and Morphine in Mice: The Role of Dorsal Hippocampus
- Author
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Morteza Maleki, Majid Navaeian, and Majid Hassanpour-Ezatti
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0301 basic medicine ,education ,Scopolamine ,Amnesia ,Dependency ,Pharmacology ,Hippocampal formation ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ,medicine ,CA1 region ,Hippocampal ,Receptor ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Clinical neuroscience ,Morphine ,030104 developmental biology ,Opioid ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction: The current study aimed at investigating the existence of the cross state-dependent learning between morphine and scopolamine (SCO) in mice by passive avoidance method, pointing to the role of CA1 area. Methods: The effects of pre-training SCO (0.75, 1.5, and 3 μg, Intra-CA1), or morphine (1, 3, and 6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) was evaluated on the retrieval of passive avoidance learning using step-down task in mice (n=10). Then, the effect of pretest administration of morphine (1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg, i.p.) was examined on passive avoidance retrieval impairment induced by pre-training SCO (3 μg/mice, Intra-CA1). Next, the effect of pretest Intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (0.75, 1.5, and 3 μg/mice) was evaluated on morphine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) pre-training deficits in this task in mice. Results: The pre-training Intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 μg/mouse), or morphine (3 and 6 mg/kg, i.p.) impaired the avoidance memory retrieval when it was tested 24 hours later. Pretest injection of both drugs improved its pre-training impairing effects on mice memory. Moreover, the amnesia induced by the pre-training injections of scopolamine (3 μg/mice) was restored significantly (P
- Published
- 2017
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