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The applications of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in power systems have been paid increasing attention in recent years. Apart from all the benefits that BESSs can bring to the power systems, their potential applications in assisting power system restoration after a major blackout have not yet been systematically investigated. The flexible charging and discharging characteristics of BESSs could help maintain the balance between power supply and demand during the system restoration process, thus the recovery speed of the power system concerned after a blackout could be accelerated. Given this background, the applications of BESSs in power system restoration is investigated. First, the potential applications of BESSs during power system restoration process are discussed. A multi‐objective optimisation model is next proposed, aiming at minimising the number of circuit breaker operations and outage durations of both the non‐black‐start generating units and the important loads. Meanwhile, the application of intermittent renewable energy sources for improving power system restoration is also discussed. The operation strategy of BESSs will also be optimised after the system restoration scheme is attained through the multi‐objective optimisation. The proposed method is demonstrated by numerical tests on the IEEE 30‐bus and 162‐bus test systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the first stage of power system restoration after a blackout, an optimal black‐start scheme is very important for speeding up the whole restoration procedure. Up to now, much research work has been done on generating or selecting an optimal black‐start scheme by a single round of decision‐making. However, less attention has been paid for improving the final decision‐making results through a multiple‐round decision‐making procedure. In the group decision‐making environment, decision‐making results evaluated by different black‐start experts may differ significantly with each other. Thus, the consistency of black‐start decision‐making results could be deemed as an important indicator in assessing the black‐start group decision‐making results. Given this background, an intuitionistic fuzzy distance‐based method is presented to analyse the consistency of black‐start group decision‐making results. Moreover, the weights of black‐start indices as well as the weights of decision‐making experts are modified in order to optimise the consistency of black‐start group decision‐making results. Finally, an actual example is served for demonstrating the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]