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When glucose and Amadori products are auto-oxidized, glycation occurs, resulting in the formation of early (Amadori) and late advanced glycation end products (AGEs), as well as free radicals. Glycation and an increase in free radical activity induce diabetic complications. Antioxidant and antiglycation compounds may aid in the prevention of oxidation and glycation. The goal of this study was to assess the antiglycation and antioxidant capacity of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) derived from Plectonema sp. The DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and ferric ions reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to assess antioxidant activity, while an in vitro bovine serum albumin-methyl glyoxal glycation (BSA-MG) model was used to assess glycation inhibitory potential. Glycation inhibition was measured using a variety of spectroscopic and biochemical parameters, including UV-visible & fluorescence spectroscopy, ketoamine, carbonyl and hydroxymethyl furfural content, as well as free lysine & free arginine estimations. In vitro, C-PC exhibited dose-dependent potent antioxidant activity, but lacked significant antiglycation potential. As a result, it is recommended that further studies be conducted to evaluate the antiglycation potential of C-PC.

Strong association has been recently observed between periodontitis/gingivitis and Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A high incidence of oral cancer has been reported in the case of chronic periodontitis. Recently Cell cycle regulatory /Senescence genes have been associated with Gingivitis/ Periodontitis susceptibility. Cyclin D1 is one such cell cycle regulatory gene. Several findings have reported that Cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A Single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with oral cancer (OC) risk, but yielded inconsistent data across different studies. This meta-analysis explores the precise relationship between CCND1 G870A polymorphism and OC risk. PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, & Google Scholar databases were searched for eligible studies and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Newcastle-Ottawa analysis was done for selected articles quality assessment, bias in publication (if any) was estimated through Funnel plots and Egger’s test. Pooled analysis from eleven eligible studies suggests that CCND1 G870A polymorphism is not significantly associated with OC risk. Sub-group analysis by ethnicity failed to show any association. Sequential single study omission was performed to determine the credibility and resilience of the inferences drawn.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extra cellular matrix (ECM) degradation via suppression of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and interaction with AGE-receptors (RAGE). This study aimed to reveal whether modulation of NRP-1 by rosuvastatin (RT) prevents AGE-induced renal injury via targeting RAGE/matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) signaling in diabetic rats. Treatment with RT ameliorated the altered level of markers of glycemic control, renal injury, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity; the level of circulatory carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and the accumulation of fluorogenic-AGEs in renal tissue was reduced; the expression of renal NRP-1, a checkpoint target, was stimulated; the transcription of RAGE, NFκB-2, TGF-β1 and MMP-2 was suppressed; the circulatory carbonyl content (CC) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity was ameliorated, and renal histopathological features were attenuated as evidenced by improved glomerular appearance, Bowman’s space and abundant podocytes in kidneys. In conclusion, RT exhibited the potential to counteract diabetes and AGE-induced renal pathologies via stimulation of NRP-1, suppression of RAGE, and of genes responsible for ECM disintegration (MMP-2) and the inflammatory response (NFκB-2).

Hyperglycemia is a poorly controlled diabetic condition, affects about 70% of people all round the world. In the year 2015, about 41.5 crore people were diabetic and is expected to reach around 64.3 crore by the year 2040. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered as one of the major risk factors that cause more than half of the death of diabetic patients and promote related comorbidities. Atherosclerosis and amyloidosis are the prime factors linked with CVDs. Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) of HDL has protective action against CVDs, participates in reverse cholesterol transport mechanism and lipid metabolism, but gets easily glycated under prolonged hyperglycemic aura, i.e. glycation. ApoA-I has a potent role in maintenance of glucose level, providing a compelling link between diabetes and CVDs. Increased protein glycation in people with diabetes promotes atherosclerosis, which might play possible role in promotion of protein aggregation by altering the protein structure and its conformation. Here, we intend to investigate the mechanistic behavior of ApoA-I under the menace of glycation and its impact on ApoA-I structure and function that possibly link with aggregation or amyloidosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe and chronic invasive infections in critically ill patients. Aminoglycosides are used either alone or in combination with β-lactams as effective agents for treating such infections (1). [...]

Cytokines are proteins that play a critical role in immune cells' development, maturation, and functional activities. For the first time, we have investigated the potential role of Terminalia arjuna as IL-4 and IL-13 modulators for preventing T1DM, i.e., autoimmune diabetes. It has been well documented that the stimulation of IL-4 and IL-13 can regulate the level of type 2 cytokines which can be maintained with the level of type 1 cytokines. The present study investigated gallic acid, arjunolic acid, luteolin, ellagic acid, and arjunone for their potential modulating activity of IL-4 and IL-13. The active amino acid residues identified for IL-4 are VAL51, HIS58, ASP87, THR30, GLN54, THR63, ARG64, LYS84, and GLU60. The active amino acid residues identified for IL-13 are H: GLU46, H: TRP47, H: GLN61, L: PHE98, L: VAL97, L: GLU162, L: THR163, H: ARG105, L: GLN38, L: ASP85, H: GLY42, L: GLY41, H: PRO41, H: TRP47, and L: PHE98. The phytoconstituents demonstrated better modulating activity towards IL-13 than IL-4. Luteolin displayed better potential for both IL-4 and IL-13, and therefore we concluded that it could be used to modulate the activity of IL-4 and IL-13 for the prevention of autoimmune diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-enzymatic glycosylation is glycation between protein and reducing sugar transforming into the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Many of the epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between the formation of AGEs with the pathogenesis of several chronic complications like inflammation, diabetes, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Besides, considering AGEs as lethal components, there are still very fragmentary research on the discovery and development of AGEs inhibitors. One of the causes may be the lack of awareness about the importance of anti-AGEs in the said disorders. The discovery and investigation of compounds with an AGEs inhibitor activity may offer a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention of such several pathogenic complications. The present review summarizes research on anti-AGEs products in chronic complications like inflammation, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer and several other disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the biological processes contribute to the life-changing complications such as progression of cancer, diabetes and other chronic disorders. The receptor of AGEs while interacting with its ligands causes a never-ending irregularity in the cell-signaling communication. Hence, AGEs are considered as an important link between progression and contribution to cancer. This study focuses on the presence and/or absence of oxidative and glycative stress in the serum samples of various cancer patients. During analysis of the early and intermediate glycation product in cancer patient's sera, our result indicates an increasing trend of both the adducts as compared to normal healthy subjects. Similarly, one of the AGEs i.e., carboxymethyllysine was found to be enhanced in cancer sera as compared to NHS. The binding characteristics of circulating auto-antibodies in cancer patient's sera against human serum albumin (HSA)-AGEs were assessed through ELISA and furthermore, the maximum percent inhibition against HSA-AGEs was observed as 57–63%, 46–62% and 42–64% in prostate cancer, lung cancer and head and neck cancer. Hence, our result successfully assisted the presence of AGEs in all the cancer patient's sera though it is not clear which specific cancer is more potent to AGEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]