Search

Abstract The energy consumption for cooling takes up 50% of all the consumed final energy in Europe, which still highly depends on the utilization of fossil fuels. Thus, it is required to propose and develop new technologies for cooling driven by renewable energy. Also, thermal energy storage is an emerging technology to relocate intermittent low-grade heat source, like solar thermal energy and industrial waste heat as well as to exploit off-peak electricity, for cooling applications. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in thermally driven cooling and cold storage technologies, focusing on the formation and fabrication of adopted composites materials, including sorption materials, phase change materials, and slurries. Herein, first the classifications, selection criteria, and properties for these three types of materials is discussed. Then, the application potentials of all the materials are prospected in terms of economic analysis and sustainability.

Key Clinical Message In recent years, it is necessary to Redo‐TAVR for the patients with bioprosthetic valve degeneration. This case report described a unique instance to successfully Redo‐TAVR a patient with bioprosthetic valve degeneration, in addition, with left cerebral infarction and renal insufficiency. Abstract Over time, more and more patients have bioprosthetic valve degeneration either used in SAVR or TAVR. In order to solve the produced problems due to the degenerated bioprosthetic valve, Redo‐TAVR was increasingly popular due to its safe and efficiency especially for the high risk and complicated symptoms patients. In this case, the patient with left cerebral infarction and renal insufficiency has exhibited severe regurgitation and obvious neoplasm around the previous replaced aortic valve. For the patient with complicated symptoms, we did not image for this patient and only used CT to determine the position and angle for the Redo‐TAVR on the base of metal stent for the previous replaced aortic valve. During the Redo‐TAVR process, for fear of the obvious neoplasm slipping from the previous replaced aortic valve to embolism of important organs, before carrying out the Redo‐TAVR, cerebral protection device, temporary pacemaker, and coronary artery protection device were utilized in order to avoid the damage for the important organs from the obvious neoplasm slipping from the previous replaced aortic valve. The surgery was successful and the patient recovered well. The patient's symptoms of chest tightness and suffocation have been greatly reduced.

Energy storage systems based on virtual synchronous control provide virtual inertia to the power system to stabilize the frequency of the grid while smoothing out system power fluctuations, and the constraining effect of the energy storage state of charge (SOC) has a significant impact on regulating virtual inertia and damping. For this reason, this paper proposes a method for fuzzy adaptive virtual inertia control of energy storage systems considering SOC to avoid deep over-charging and over-discharging of energy storage units, which can effectively extend the working life of energy storage. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by hardware-in-the-loop experiments.

A dynamic modeling framework based on an intelligent approach is proposed to identify the complex behaviors of solid-gas sorption systems. An experimental system was built and tested to assist in developing a model of the system performance during the adsorption and desorption processes. The variations in the thermal effects and gaseous environment accompanying the reactions were considered when designing the model. An optimization platform based on a multi-population genetic algorithm and artificial criteria was established to identify the modeling coefficients and quantify the effects of condition changes on the reactions. The calibration of the simulation results against the tested data showed good accuracy, where the coefficient of determination was greater than 0.988. The outcome of this study could provide a modeling basis for the optimization of solid-gas sorption systems and contribute a potential tool for uncovering key characteristics associated with materials and components.

Internet of Vehicles can improve driving and riding experience, provide information needs, reduce environmental pollution, and improve transportation efficiency, thereby promoting the rapid development and application of intelligent transportation. Especially through the advantages of the rapidity of information exchange and the flexibility of real-time data processing, an autonomous vehicle can provide barrier-free, safe, and sustainable transportation. At present, the rapid progress of the Internet of Things has promoted the continuous development of a fully autonomous vehicle. However, the autonomous vehicle network uses wireless communication technology, and the openness of its communication channel makes the communication process vulnerable to various security attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes a practical and efficient secure communication in the autonomous vehicle. This scheme utilizes elliptic curve cryptography, which can protect the security of multiparty communication between vehicle, cloud server, and user with lower computation and communication overhead. This paper provides security verification for the scheme by using Scyther. An informal security analysis shows that this scheme can resist multiple attacks. Through a comparative analysis and performance evaluation of the schemes, we found that the scheme improves security while maintaining efficiency.

To promote the formation of CO2 hydrate for cold energy storage, the influence of gas-inducing agitation at varying operating speeds were studied experimentally. A comparison was made with normal stirring (without gas inducing) from the perspectives of deviation from equilibrium condition, subcooling, agglomeration, and hydrate production. The test results revealed that gas-inducing agitation contributed to a closer shift of the hydrate formation profiles towards equilibrium conditions when compared to normal stirring. However, this advantage became less pronounced as the stirring speed increased. Notably, a substantial improvement in subcooling phenomena was observed when transitioning from 250 rpm normal stirring to 500 rpm, decreasing the induction time to 19.3%. Comparing normal stirring, the incorporation of a gas-inducing stirrer further reduced the induction time by 68.6% at 400 rpm. Nevertheless, further increasing agitation speed for both sets did not yield apparent improvement in the subcooling phenomenon. In contrast to normal stirring, gas-inducing agitation effectively prevented hydrate agglomeration at a lower speed and led to increased hydrate production at the same rotation speed. An ascending trend in hydrate production was achieved as agitation accelerated from a low speed to a specific speed, e.g., 400 rpm for gas-inducing stirring and 500 rpm for normal stirring. However, further elevating the stirring speed did not stimulate greater hydrate production. The findings of this study indicated the existence of double-sided effects in using gas-inducing stirring for hydrate promotion and a crucial speed range (e.g., 400∼450 rpm in this study) essential for the efficient implementation of gas-inducing technology. Operating at this prescribed speed range was recommended to improve the energy Return on Investment, maintaining high hydrate production, and enhancing the controllability of cold storage systems. This study provides practical insights for applying gas-inducing technology in gas hydrate reactors, contributing to the development of green cold energy storage.

Due to the adverse effects formed by fluorescence interference difficult to remove, intense interest has been directed towards the development of techniques and instrumentation to inhibit fluorescence. When the wavelength of Raman excitation light is less than 250 nm, we can completely separate the fluorescence noise from the Raman features in the UV spectrum. Based on this, we describe a new deep UV Raman spectroscopy system composed of a compact acousto-optically Q-switched diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate laser and a UV Raman spectrometer. The laser is capable of producing ∼140 mW of 213 nm power quasi-continuous wave as 9.6 ns pulses at a 20 kHz repetition rate. The UV Raman spectrometer with the incident slit of 50 μm width is based on Littrow structure, of which the spectral resolution is better than 0.05 nm in the band of 211.5 nm ∼ 235.5 nm meeting the requirements of 10 cm−1 Raman spectral resolution. We effectively reduce the volume of the test system and improve the robustness of the test system. We measure the deep UV Raman spectra of solution methanol, which verified the feasibility and rationality of the system.

The total amount of hydro-photovoltaic generation is limited by the grid channel after large-scale grid connection of photovoltaic in the hydro-photovoltaic complementary clean energy base, resulting in the reduction of power generation efficiency of the system, an optimization scheduling model of hydro-photovoltaic complementary with yearly, monthly and daily scheduling cycles is established. The model adopts the simulation optimization algorithm, introduces the photovoltaic absorption measurement method, aiming at maximizing the power generation benefit of the system, and finally determines the cascade hydropower dispatching method. Taking the Tibet section of the Mekong River as an example, five typical hydrological years are cited to conduct a case study on the optimal scheduling of the hydro-photovoltaic complementary clean energy base. The results show that, on the basis of guaranteeing the hydropower benefit, this dispatching method can effectively improve the photovoltaic absorption rate, and realize the improvement of the total power generation benefit of the hydro-photovoltaic complementary base.

The comprehensive test and evaluation of intelligent connected vehicles is an important guarantee for the safety of intelligent connected vehicles on the road and the smooth landing of the industry.Based on the test status, test technology path, test evaluation specifications and standards of intelligent connected vehicles, the overall architecture of intelligent connected vehicle test scheme was proposed innovatively in terms of meeting the existing road test requirements of intelligent connected vehicles and future multi-application integration.And the virtual simulation test, network connection test, automatic driving function test, large-scale concurrent test and interconnection test five business applications were elaborated.Finally, combining the practical application and industry demands of intelligent connected vehicles, the future development directions of intelligent connected vehicle test were prospected.

A feeding trial was carried out for 30 days to investigate the impacts of dietary immunity induced A. pernyi pupae powder (IPP) and A. pernyi cecropin (AC) on the growth, immune-related enzyme activities and disease resistance in Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis. A total of 320 scallops, with an average weight of 54.75 ± 0.07 g were randomly divided into four treatment groups: control group (provided with a diet of spirulina powder and microalgae), groups with basic diet supplemented with A. pernyi pupae powder (NPP, 2 % of the final concentration), immunity induced A. pernyi pupae powder (IPP, 2 % of the final concentration), and A. pernyi cecropin (AC, 2 % of the final concentration), respectively. The results showed that the specific growth rate (SGR), lysozyme (LSZ), acid phosphatase (ACP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly higher in the scallops fed with AC than in the other groups (P

Land surface temperature (LST) is a fundamental variable of environmental monitoring and surface equilibrium. Although the HJ-1B infrared scanner (IRS) has accumulated many observations, further application of HJ-1B/IRS is limited by the lack of LST products. This study refined the ERA5 atmospheric profile database, instead of the widely used traditional TIGR atmospheric profile database, and simulated the coefficients of the generalized single-channel (GSCs) algorithms to improve LST retrieval. GSCs can be divided into the GSCw and GSCwT algorithms, depending on whether the input is atmospheric water vapor content (WVC) or in situ near-surface air temperature and WVC. Land surface emissivity (LSE) was obtained from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Emissivity Dataset (GED) and vegetation/snow cover products. Then, the retrieved LSTs were evaluated using the LSTs from the RTE algorithm, TIGRw/TIGRwT profiles, and in situ near-surface air temperature from the HiWATER experiment in China from 2012 to 2014. The bias (root mean square error (RMSE)) values are displayed as ERA5wT < RTE < ERA5w < TIGRwT < TIGRw. The accuracy of ERA5wT, with a bias (RMSE) of 0.02 K (2.30 K), is higher than that of RTE, with a bias (RMSE) of 0.74 K (2.47 K). The accuracy of RTE is preferable to that of ERA5w, with a bias (RMSE) of 0.89 K (2.48 K), followed by TIGRwT, with a bias (RMSE) of −1.18 K (2.50 K), and then, TIGRw, with a bias (RMSE) of 1.60 K (2.77 K). In summary, the accuracy of LST obtained by GSC from the refined ERA5 atmospheric profiles is higher than that obtained from the TIGR profiles. The accuracy of LST obtained by GSCwT is greater than that obtained by GSCw. The accuracy of LST obtained using in situ near-surface air temperature is higher than that obtained using ERA5 air temperature. The accuracy of LSEASTER is slightly better than that of LSEMOD21. The aforementioned conclusions can provide scientific support to generate HJ-1B/IRS LST products.

Coal-fired power plants, as major anthropogenic CO2 emission sources, constitute one of the largest contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Accurately calculating the dispersion process of CO2 emissions from these point sources is crucial, as it will aid in quantifying CO2 emissions using remote sensing measurements. Employing the Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Theory Model (LPDTM), our study involves modeling CO2 diffusion from point sources. Firstly, we incorporated high-resolution DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and artificial building elements obtained through the Adaptive Deep Learning Location Matching Method, which is involved in CO2 simulation. The accuracy of the results was verified using meteorological stations and aircraft measurements. Additionally, we quantitatively analyzed the influence of terrain and artificial building characteristics on high spatial resolution atmospheric CO2 diffusion simulations, revealing the significance of surface characteristics in dispersion modeling. To validate the accuracy of the LPDTM in high-resolution CO2 diffusion simulation, a comparative experiment was conducted at a power plant in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. The simulated result was compared with observation from aerial flights, yielding the R2 (Correlation Coefficient) of 0.76, the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of 0.267 ppm, and the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) of 0.2315 ppm for the comparison of 73 pixels where the plume intersected with flight trajectories. The findings demonstrate a high level of consistency between the modeled CO2 point source plume morphology and concentration quantification and the actual observed outcomes. This study carried out a quantitative assessment of the influence of surface features on high-resolution atmospheric CO2 point source diffusion simulations, resulting in an enhanced accuracy of the simulated CO2 concentration field. It offers essential technological and theoretical foundations for the accurate quantification of anthropogenic CO2 emissions using top-down approaches.

Combining population genetics with genomic data has transformed scientist’s ability and resolution of making ecological inferences, thus making it possible to detect previously unidentified structures and obtain more accurate estimates of demographic parameters in wild populations. Ark shell is an economically and ecologically important marine species for fisheries industry in China, but its habitats have been severely damaged due to overexploitation of natural resources. Recently, protection of the ark shell as a natural resource has attracted extensive attention. Here, we identified 10,108 single-nucleotide polymorphisms using Restriction-site Associated DNA Sequencing (2b-RAD) to explore the structure of seven populations of S. broughtonii from the Asian Pacific Northwest region (four sites in China, two in Korea, and one in North Korea). A high level of genetic diversity was detected in all seven S. broughtonii populations. Pairwise FST estimates and neighbor-joining (NJ) tree topologies showed a clear division between the populations from China and Korea, and Chinese populations exhibited low levels of divergence from one another. This significant genetic divergence of the Chinese population implies that translocation of individuals for aquaculture should be properly managed for the preservation of genetic diversity and eventual local adaptation in natural populations.

In this contribution, based-on the structurally confirmed pentacyanometallate (PPh4)2[Fe(CN)5(imidazole)]·(imidazole)·H2O (1) and the manganese compounds [Mn(L)(H2O)2]ClO4 (L = N,N-ethylenebis(3-methoxysalicylideneiminate) or [Mn(MAC)(H2O)Cl]ClO4 (MAC = 2,13-dimethyl-3,6,9,12,18-pentaazabicyclo-[12.3.1]octadeca-1(18),2,12,14,16- pentaene), two new cyanide-bridged bimetallic FeIII-MnIII/II complexes {[Mn(L)(H2O)]3[Fe(CN)5(imidazole)]}(ClO4) (2) and {[Mn(MAC)][Fe(CN)5(imidazole)]·CH3OH}n (3) were successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and X-ray structure determination. Single X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the cationic FeMn3 tetranuclear entity for complex 2, which can be further assembled into supramolecular 1D ladder-like double chain by the strong intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions. For complex 3, it can be structurally characterized as neutral one-dimensional linear single infinite chain. The magnetic investigations discover the ferromagnetic coupling between the FeIII-MnIII units in complex 2 and the antiferromagnetic coupling in complex 3 between the FeIII-MnII units through the bridging cyanide group, respectively.

C-V2X is regarded as one of the most promising applications of 5G.Firstly,the necessity and the technical problems in the construction of the integration development of intelligent driving and C-V2X were introduced.Then,combined with the total solution of V2X,the functional positioning,key technology trends,problems and product morphology of each network element were studied.Typical internet of vehicles services were combed out and a typical service sequence flow diagram was presented.Finally,the key technologies in the future development of internet of vehicles were prospected.

Abstract Constructing heterojunction is a promising way to improve the charge transfer efficiency and can thus promote the electrochemical properties. Herein, a facile and effective epitaxial-like growth strategy is applied to NiSe2 nano-octahedra to fabricate the NiSe2-(100)/Ni(OH)2-(110) heterojunction. The heterojunction composite and Ni(OH)2 (performing high electrochemical activity) is ideal high-rate battery-type supercapacitor electrode. The NiSe2/Ni(OH)2 electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 909 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 597 C g−1 at 20 A g−1. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor composed of the NiSe2/Ni(OH)2 cathode and p-phenylenediamine-functional reduced graphene oxide anode achieves an ultrahigh specific capacity of 303 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a superior energy density of 76.1 Wh kg−1 at 906 W kg−1, as well as an outstanding cycling stability of 82% retention for 8000 cycles at 10 A g−1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of NiSe2/Ni(OH)2 heterojunction exhibiting such remarkable supercapacitor performance. This work not only provides a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage device but also offers a possible universal strategy to fabricate metal selenides/metal hydroxides heterojunctions.

Ficidae is a family of chiefly tropical marine gastropod mollusks with approximately 20 described species. Hitherto, there are no complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Ficidae available for the Ficoidea. Here, we determined the complete mitogenome of Ficus variegata Röding, 1798 representing the first species from the family Ficidae. The newly sequenced mitogenome consists of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. All of 13 PCGs use ATG as initiation codons and end with conventional stop codons TAA and TAG, and the genome organization is similar to those of other documented caenogastropod mitogenomes. Tonnoidea and Ficoidea were recovered as sister group in the Caenogastropoda tree.

Current power systems are still highly reliant on dispatchable fossil fuels to meet variable electrical demand. As fossil fuel generation is progressively replaced with intermittent and less predictable renewable energy generation to decarbonize the power system, Electrical energy storage (EES) technologies are increasingly required to address the supply-demand balance challenge over a wide range of timescales. However, the current use of EES technologies in power systems is significantly below the estimated capacity required for power decarbonization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of EES technologies and investigates how to accelerate the uptake of EES in power systems by reviewing and discussing techno-economic requirements for EES. Individual EES technologies and power system applications are described, which provides guidance for the appraisal of specific EES technologies for specific power system services. Plausibly required scales and technology types of EES over different regions are then reviewed, followed by discussions on storage cost modelling and predictions for different EES technologies. Opportunities and challenges in developing scalable, economically viable and socio-environmental EES technologies are discussed. The paper explores EES's evolving roles and challenges in power system decarbonization and provides useful information and guidance on EES for further R&D, storage market building and policy making in the transition to zero-carbon power systems.

In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of Alectryonella plicatula (Gmelin 1791), the newly determined mitochondrial genome is 18225 bp in length, it is a circular molecule and consists of 12 protein-coding genes (atp8 is absent), 24 transfer RNA (with two copies of trnP and trnQ), and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (splitting of the rrnL gene and duplication of the rrnS gene were identified). Phylogenetic analysis based on 12 protein coding genes showed that Alectryonella plicatula is closely related to Crassostrea gigas.

The efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is greatly reduced by panel soiling and high temperatures. A mechanism for eliminating both of these sources of inefficiencies is presented by integrating solar PV generation with a compressed air system. High-pressure air can be stored and used to blow over the surface of PV panels, removing present dust and cooling the panels, increasing output power. A full-system mathematical model of the proposed system is presented, comprised of compressed air generation and storage, panel temperature, panel cleaning, and PV power generation. Simulation results indicate the benefit of employing compressed air for cleaning and cooling solar PV panels. For a fixed volume of compressed air, it is advantageous to blow air over the panels early in the day if the panel is soiled or when solar radiation is most abundant with the highest achievable flow rate if the panel is clean. These strategies have been shown to achieve the greatest energy captures for a single PV panel. When comparing the energy for air compression to the energy gain from cleaning a single PV over a two-week period, an energy ROI of 23.8 is determined. The system has the potential to eliminate the requirement for additional manual cleaning of solar PV panels.

IntroductionRefractory gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (rGORD) is a common disease, affecting patients’ quality of life. Since conventional medicines have limitations, like low effective rates and adverse events, acupuncture may be a promising therapy for rGORD. While no related systematic review has been published, the present study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for rGORD.Methods and analysisPubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Chinese electronic databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang database, VIP, SinoMed and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, will be searched from establishment of the database to 31 August 2019. There will be no limitations on language, and all articles will be screened and collected by two reviewers independently. RevMan V.5.3.5 software will be used for meta-analysis, and the conduction of study will refer to the Cochrane Handbook for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol guidelines. The efficacy and safety of acupuncture for rGORD will be evaluated based on outcomes, including global symptom improvement, oesophageal sphincter function test measured by high-resolution manometry, quality of life, recurrence rate and adverse events.Ethics and disseminationThere is no necessity for this study to acquire an ethical approval, and this review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or conference presentation.Trial registration numberCRD42018111912.

Since requirements of related applications for time series remotely-sensed images with high spatial resolution have been hard to be satisfied under current observation conditions of satellite sensors, it is key to reconstruct high-resolution images at specified dates. As an effective data reconstruction technique, spatiotemporal fusion can be used to generate time series land surface parameters with a clear geophysical significance. In this study, an improved fusion model based on the Sparse Representation-Based Spatiotemporal Reflectance Fusion Model (SPSTFM) is developed and assessed with reflectance data from Gaofen-2 Multi-Spectral (GF-2 MS) and Gaofen-1 Wide-Field-View (GF-1 WFV). By introducing a spatially enhanced training method to dictionary training and sparse coding processes, the developed fusion framework is expected to promote the description of high-resolution and low-resolution overcomplete dictionaries. Assessment indices including Average Absolute Deviation (AAD), Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Correlation Coefficient (CC), spectral angle mapper (SAM), structure similarity (SSIM) and Erreur Relative Global Adimensionnelle de Synthèse (ERGAS) are then used to test employed fusion methods for a parallel comparison. The experimental results show that more accurate prediction of GF-2 MS reflectance than that from the SPSTFM can be obtained and furthermore comparable with popular two-pair based reflectance fusion models like the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Fusion Model (STARFM) and the Enhanced-STARFM (ESTARFM).

The vibration effect of urban rail transit has gained attention from both academia and the industry sector. Long Elastic Sleeper Track (LEST) is a new structure for vibration reduction which has recently been designed and applied to Chinese subways. However, little research has been devoted to its vibration reduction effect. In this study, field tests were conducted during peak transit hours on Beijing Subway Line 15 to examine the vibration reduction effects of the common ballastless track and LEST on both straight and curved sections. The results demonstrate that although LEST increases the wheel-rail vertical forces, rail vertical displacements, and rail accelerations to some extent, these effects do not threaten subway operational safety, and vibrations of track bed and tunnel wall are positively mitigated. LEST has an obvious vibration reduction effect at frequencies above 40 Hz. In straight track, the vibration of bottom of the tunnel wall measured in one-third octave bands is reduced by 10.52 dB, while the vibration at point on the tunnel wall at 1.5 m height is reduced by 9.60 dB. For the curved track, the vibrations at those two points are reduced by 9.35 dB and 8.44 dB, respectively. This indicates that LEST reduces vibrations slightly more for the straight track than for the curved track.

Four cyanide-bridged FeIII−MnIII complexes {[Fe(qxcq)(CN)3][Mn(L1)(H2O)]}[Mn(L1)(H2O)(CH3OH)](ClO4)·1.5MeOH·0.5H2O (L1 = N,N′-bis(3-methoxy-5-bromosalicylideneiminate) (2), {[Fe(qxcq)(CN)3][Mn(L2)]}2·0.5H2O (L2 = N,N′-ethylene-bis(3-ethoxysalicylideneiminate)) (3), [Fe(qxcq)(CN)3][Mn(L3)] (L3 = bis(acetylacetonato)ethylenediimine) (4), [Fe(qxcq)(CN)3][Mn(L4)]·1.5MeOH·0.5CH3CN·0.25H2O (L4 = N,N′-(1,1,2,2-tetramethylethylene)bis(salicylideneiminate)) (5), were prepared by assembling a new structurally characterized mer-tricyanoiron(III) molecular precursor (Ph4P)[Fe(qxcq)(CN)3]·0.5H2O (qxcq− = 8-(2-quinoxaline-2-carboxamido)quinoline anion) (1) and the corresponding manganese(III) Schiff base compound. Complexes 2and 3containa cyanide-bridged heterobimetallic dinuclear entity, which can be further dimerized by self-complementary H-bond interactions through the coordinated water molecule from one complex and the free O4unit from the adjacent complex. Complexes 4 and 5 area one-dimensional coordination polymer (CP) comprised of the repeated [Mn(Schiffbase)-Fe(qxcq)(CN)3] units. Complex 4 shows a linear-chain conformation with two trans-located cyano groups bridgingthe neighboring Mn units, while complex 5 is a zigzag-like 1D CP, where the two cyano groups in cis configurationfunction as bridges. In bothcomplexes 4 and 5, the inter-chain π−πstack interactions within the aromaticrings of cyanide precursor extend the 1D chain into the supermolecular 2D networks. The magnetic property has been experimentally studied and theoretically fitted over the four Fe(III)-Mn(III) complexes, revealing the antiferromagnetic interaction in complexes 2 and 4 and the unusual ferromagnetic coupling in complexes 3 and 5 between the Fe(III) ion and the Mn(III) ion bridged by the cyano group. Furthermore, the different magnetic coupling nature has been analyzed on the basis of the magneto-structure correlation of the mer-tricyanometallate-based Fe(III)-Mn(III) magnetic system.

Thermal energy storage using the latent heat of phase change materials (PCMs) is a promising technique to solve the time mismatch between the availability and usage of flue gas heat in distributed generation systems (DGSs). A diesel-engine-powered DGS integrated with two-stage tube-type PCM modules for exhaust gas heat recovery was developed and studied. Energy and exergy analysis for the PCM storage unit was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the PCM modules for heat recovery and to highlight the merits of the cascaded configuration through a practical engineering case. Furthermore, the performance of the DGS was evaluated to study the contribution of PCM storage to improving system efficiency. The results showed that 56.4% energy and 48.3% exergy of the input flue gas were stored by the two-stage storage unit. Additional integration of the low-temperature PCM module to the high-temperature module improved the average storage efficiency from 33.6% to 62.3% for energy and 33.1% to 50.8% for exergy. By utilizing the stored energy for heating water, the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine was increased from the original 35.8% to 41.9%, while the exergy efficiency was improved from 29.5% to 29.7%.

Spatiotemporal fusion methods are considered a useful tool for generating multi-temporal reflectance data with limited high-resolution images and necessary low-resolution images. In particular, the superiority of sparse representation-based spatiotemporal reflectance fusion model (SPSTFM) in capturing phenology and type changes of land covers has been preliminarily demonstrated. Meanwhile, the dictionary training process, which is a key step in the sparse learning-based fusion algorithm, and its effect on fusion quality are still unclear. In this paper, an enhanced spatiotemporal fusion scheme based on the single-pair SPSTFM algorithm has been proposed through improving the process of dictionary learning, and then evaluated using two actual datasets, with one representing a rural area with phenology changes and the other representing an urban area with land cover type changes. The validated strategy for enhancing the dictionary learning process is divided into two modes to enlarge the training datasets with spatially and temporally extended samples. Compared to the original learning-based algorithm and other employed typical single-pair-based fusion models, experimental results from the proposed fusion method with two extension modes show improved performance in modeling reflectance using the two preceding datasets. Furthermore, the strategy with temporally extended training samples is more effective than the strategy with spatially extended training samples for the land cover area with phenology changes, whereas it is opposite for the land cover area with type changes.

Four complexes, [Cu2(glyha)(bpy)2(H2O)]·2ClO4·H2O (1), [Cu2(glyha)(phen)2]·2ClO4 (2), [Cu2(alaha)(bpy)2Cl]·Cl·4H2O (3), and [{Cu2(alaha)(phen)2}{Cu2(alaha)(phen)2(NO3)}]·3NO3 (4) (glyha2− = dianion glycinehydroxamic acid, alaha2− = dianion alaninehydroxamic acid, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been successfully synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The interactions of these complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were studied through UV spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. The results revealed that complexes 1–4 could interact with CT-DNA through intercalation. Interactions of all complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were confirmed by the docking study to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA in a static quenching process. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxic effect of the complexes was also examined on four tumor cell lines, including human lung carcinoma cell line (A549), human colon carcinoma cell line (HCT-116), human promyelocytic leukemia cell (HL-60) and cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). All complexes exhibited different antitumor activities.

Latent heat thermal energy storage (TES) plays an important role in the advocation of TES in contrast to sensible energy storage because of the large storage energy densities per unit mass/volume possible at a nearly constant thermal energy. In the current study, a heat exchange device with a zigzag configuration containing multiple phase-change-materials (m-PCMs) was considered, and an experimental system was built to validate the model for a single PCM. A two-dimensional numerical model was developed using the ANSYS Fluent 14.0 software program. The energy fractions method was put forward to calculate the average Ste number and the influence of Re and Ste numbers on the discharge process were studied. The influence of phase change temperature among m-PCMs on the solidification process has also been studied. A new boundary condition was defined to determine the combined effect of the Re and Ste numbers on the discharging process. The modelling results show that for a given input power, the Ste (or Re) number has a significant impact on the discharging process; however, the period value of inlet velocity has almost no impact on it. Besides, the zigzag plate with m-PCMs has a good impact on the temperature shock as “filter action” in the discharging process.

In the title compound, [Zn(C23H14O6)(C14H14N4)]n, the ZnII ion is four-coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene and 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-methylenebis(naphthalene-3-carboxylate) ligands connect the ZnII ions alternately in different directions, forming a layered structure parallel to the ac plane. Topological analysis reveals that the whole structure is a (4,4) network. The layers are further assembled into a three-dimensional supramolecular structure via C—H...O and C—H...π interactions.

In the title coordination polymer, [Sn(CH3)3(C6H4N3)]n, the SnIV atom is five-coordinated in a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry with the methyl groups in equatorial positions and two N atoms of two symmetry-related benzotriazolide anions in axial positions. The anion bridges adjacent metal atoms, forming zigzag polymeric chains parallel to [011] and [0-11].

In the title compound, [Ni(HCOO)2(C7H8N2O)2], the Ni atom is six-coordinated by four N atoms from two oxime ligands and by two O atoms from two formate ions in a distorted octahedral geometry, with the oxime-N atoms mutually trans. The molecular conformation is stabilized by intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the centrosymmetric title coordination compound, [Er2{Fe(C5H5)(C6H4O2)}6(CH3OH)2(H2O)2]·2CH3OH, the two ErIII ions are bridged by two ferrocenecarboxylate anions as asymmetrically bridging ligands, leading to dimeric cores. The ErIII ion has a distorted dodecahedral coordination with six coordinating O atoms derived from the ferrocenecarboxylate ligands and two coordinated O atoms from one water molecule and one methanol molecule. The asymmetric unit comprises a half of the complex molecule and a methanol solvent molecule. Intramolecular O—H...O and C—H...O interactions occur. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...O as well as C—H...π interactions.

In the title compound, [Cu(C7H7N2O)Cl(C7H8N2O)]·3H2O, the metal ion is five-coordinated by the N atoms from the 1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethanone oximate and 1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethanone oxime ligands and by the chloride anion in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The distortion parameter is 0.192. The two organic ligands are linked by an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H...O and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds. The title compound is the hydrated form of a previously reported structure [Wu & Wu (2008). Acta Cryst. E64, m828]. There are only slight variations in the molecular geometries of the two compounds.

The reaction of Ni(OAc)2·4H2O with 1-(2-carboxybenzoyl)thiosemicarbazide (H3L) produces the title complex, [Ni3(C9H6N3O3S)2(C5H5N)6]·C5H5N·2H2O, which contains an linear array of three NiII atoms. The asymmetric unit contains half of the complex molecule, a water molecule and a half-molecule of pyridine. The central NiII atom, located on a crystallographic inversion centre, has an octahedral N4O2 environment. The other two NiII atoms have a square-pyramidal N3OS environment, each bridged to the central NiII atom via the L3− group. The carboxylate groups coordinate to the metal atoms in a monodentate fashion. The water molecule is linked to the complex molecule via O—H...O hydrogen bonds. The molecules further assemble into a one-dimensional network parallel to [001] via intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, [Ag2(NCS)2(C14H38B10P2)2], was synthesized by the reaction of 1,2-bis(diisopropylphosphanyl)-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane with AgSCN. The diisopropylphosphanyl-closo-carborane ligand is coordinated in a bidentate manner to the AgI atom through the two P atoms. The coordination of the AgI atom is distorted tetrahedral, in which two vertices are formed by the P atoms of the chelating diphosphine ligand, and the other two are occupied by the S and N atoms of the two bridging thiocyanate anions, leading to a centrosymmetric binuclear complex. The distance between the two C atoms in the carborane skeleton is 1.851 (6) Å.

In the title compound, [Co2(C7H8NO)3(N3)3]·CH3CN, the two CoII ions in the dinuclear complex have different coordination environments, both in a distorted octahedral geometry. One CoII atom is coordinated by three O atoms from the three 2-hydroxyethylpyridine (HEP) bridging ligands, two N atoms from two HEP ligands and one azido ligand, while the other CoII atom is coordinated by the same three O atoms, one N atom from an HEP ligand and two azido ligands. Weak intermolecular C—H...N hydrogen bonds link the dinuclear complexes into corrugated layers parallel to the bc plane. These layers are further packed with the formation of channels propagating in [010] and filled with the disordered [in a ratio 0.691 (13):0.309 (13)] acetonitrile solvate molecules.

In the title complex, [Ni(NCS)2(C7H9NO)2], the NiII atom is in a distorted octahedral coordination environment defined by two N atoms of the two thiocyanate ions and by the N and O atoms of the two chelating 2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethanol ligands. The complex molecule is located around a crystallographic inversion center. In the crystal, molecules are connected into a two-dimensional polymeric structure parallel to (100) by O—H...S hydrogen bonds.

In the title complex, [Fe(C13H12NO2)Cl2(C5H5N)]·C5H5N, the iron(III) atom is six-coordinated by the N and O atoms from the Schiff base ligand, the N atom from a pyridine molecule and two chloride anions in a distorted octahedral geometry. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions.

In the title complex, [CdFe(C17H14P)2Cl2]·2CH2Cl2, the CdII atom has a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry by two chloride anions and two P atoms of 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene. In the crystal, complex molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds involving the dichloromethane solvent molecules.

The title complex molecule, [Fe2Co(C5H5)2(C6H4O2)2(C6H7NO)2], has a crystallographic imposed centre of symmetry. The CoII atom displays a distorted octahedral coordination geometry, provided by the O atoms of two monodentate ferrocenecarboxylate anions and by the N and O atoms of two 2-pyridylmethanol molecule. The molecular conformation is stabilized by intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The complex molecule of the title compound, [Ni4(C4H10NO2)4Cl4]·CH3OH, consists of a cubane-like {Ni4O4} core in which each nickel(II) atom is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry by one N and four O atoms of three mono-deprotonated diethanolamine ligands and by a chloride anion. The molecular conformation is stabilized by intramolecular O—H...Cl bonds. In the crystal structure, complex molecules and methanol solvent molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by N—H...Cl, N—H...O and O—H...Cl hydrogen-bonding interactions.

In the title compound, [Zn(C9H8N3O6S3)2(C10H8N2)2], the central ZnII ion, situated on a center of inversion, adopts an octahedral geometry coordinated by four O atoms from two carboxylate groups and two carboxylic groups of two symmetry-related TTTA ligands and two N atoms from two bpy molecules {TTTA is 2,2′,2′′-[1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltris(sulfanediyl)]triacetic acid and bpy is 4,4′-bipyridine}. These mononuclear units are connected through complementary O—H...X hydrogen bonds, as well as through weak C—H...X (X = O and N) interactions, resulting in a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.

In the title compound, [Mo4O12(C8H7N3)4], the MoVI ion has a distorted octahedral coordination completed by two terminal O atoms, two μ-oxide atoms and two N atoms from one 3-(2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole ligand. It is noteworthy that in the tetranuclear unit (overline4 symmetry), any three MoVI atoms define a plane, and the fourth lies 1.8 (1) Å out of that plane. The degree of linearity of the oxide bridges between two Mo atoms is 175.38 (13)°. Moreover, the N—H group forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond (four per molecule).

The title trinuclear complex, [Ni3(C9H7N2O4)2(C5H5N)8], possesses a crystallographically imposed center of symmetry occupied by one NiII ion. Each of the three NiII ions is coordinated by two O and four N atoms, respectively, in a distorted octahedral geometry. In the crystal, weak intermolecular C—H...π interactions link the molecules into ribbons propagating in the [100] direction.

In the title complex, [Cu(C14H9ClN2O3)(C5H5N)], the CuII ion exhibits a distorted trans-CuN2O2 square-planar geometry arising from the O,O,N-tridentate ligand and a pyridine molecule. An intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal structure, weak intermolecular C—H...π interactions generate a chain. The crystal studied was an inversion twin.

The title compound, {[Cu2(C17H11N3O)(SO4)(C5H5N)2]·0.5C4H10O}n, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylaldehyde-2-pyridinecarboxylhydrazone with copper sulfonate. A one-dimensional polymer was obtained via self-assembly. Each Cu ion is located in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination environment, with one Cu ion coordinated by two N and three O atoms, while the other links to two O and three N atoms. In the crystal, weak intermolecular C—H...O interactions connect the chains into a two-dimensional network.

In the title complex, [Cd(C15H11N5O8)(H2O)2]·2C3H7NO, the CdII ion is located on a twofold rotation axis and is seven-coordinated in a distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal manner. The asymmetric unit comprises one metal ion, one doubly deprotonated N,N′-bis(3-carboxyprop-2-enoyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide ligand, two coordinating water molecules and two dimethylformamide solvent molecules. In the crystal, a two-dimensional network is formed through N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The complete molecule of the title complex, [Cu3(C15H13N2O3)2(C5H5N)2], is generated by crystallographic twofold symmetry, with the central Cu atom lying on the rotation axis: it is coordinated by two N,O-bidentate ligands in a trans-CuN2O2 distorted square-planar arrangement. The other Cu atom is coordinated by an N,O,O′-tridentate ligand and a pyridine molecule in a distorted trans-CuN2O2 arrangement. In the crystal structure, a C—H...π interaction occurs.

In the title complex, [Co(C10H11N2O2)2(C5H5N)2], the CoII atom lies on a centre of symmetry and adopts a distorted cis-CoO2N4 octahedral geometry. The two acetone salicyloylhydrazone ligands are deprotonated and act as N,O-bidentate monoanionic ligands, forming the equatorial plane, while the axial positions are occupied by two N atoms of two pyridine molecules. The complex presents O—H...N and C—H...N intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Intermolecular C—H...N and C—H...O interactions are also present in the crystal.

The title complex, [Mn3(C11H6O3)4(C5H5N)6(H2O)2]·2H2O·2C5H5N, is a trinuclear mixed oxidation state complex of overline1 symmetry. The three Mn atoms are six-coordinated in the shape of distorted octahedra, each coordinated with an O4N2 set of donor atoms, where the ligands exhibit mono- and bidentate modes. However, the coordination of the MnII ion located on the inversion centre involves water molecules at two coordination sites, whereas that of the two symmetry-related MnIII ions involves an O4N2 set of donor atoms orginating from the organic ligands. Intramolecular C—H...π interactions between neighbouring pyridine ligands stabilize this arrangement. A two-dimensional network parallel to (001) is formed by intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds.