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We present a case of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis that presented with venous thromboembolism and was successfully managed with corticosteroid, cyclosporin, appropriate anticoagulant therapy. A 59-year old male patient was referred to our nephrology department who had an outpatient history of swelling in the feet and flank pain was detected proteinuria and thrombosis in the inferior vena cava. Warfarin sodium treatment was started when thrombus was detected in the femoral vein, renal vein and inferior vena cava in the imaging. The patient had 12 g/day proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia and antiphospholipase A2 receptor antibody positivity and treatment was started with the diagnosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The patient who was discharged with oral steroid, cyclosporine and warfarin sodium, but warfarin sodium was changed to rivaroxaban in another clinic due to incompatibility problems, was presented again with dsypnea. Pulmonary embolism was detected. Rivaroxaban was discontinued and low molecular weight heparin treatment was started. There was a very high risk of morbidity and mortality and with appropriate treatment, clinical status and renal function were stabilized. In conclusion, although thromboembolism can be seen in nephrotic syndrome, it may rarely be encountered as the first presentation of nephrotic syndrome. This situation should not be overlooked, appropriate treatments should be provided without delay., Venöz tromboembolizm ile prezente olan ve kortikosteroid, siklosporin, uygun antikoagülan tedavi ile başarılı bir şekilde tedavi edilen bir idiyopatik membranöz glomerülonefrit olgusu sunuyoruz. Ayaklarda şişlik, yan ağrısı şikayetleri olan 59 yaşında erkek hastada proteinüri ve vena cava inferiorda tromboz tespit edilmesi sonucu nefroloji bölümümüze sevk edildi. Görüntülemede femoral ven, renal ven ve inferior vena cavada trombüs saptanması üzerine varfarin sodyum tedavisi başlandı. 12 g/gün proteinüri, hipoalbüminemi, hiperlipidemi ve anti fosfolipaz A2 reseptör antikor pozitifliği saptanan hastaya idiyopatik membranöz nefropati tanısı ile tedavi başlandı. Oral steroid, siklosporin ve varfarin sodyum ile taburcu edilen ancak uyumsuzluk nedeniyle başka bir klinikte varfarin sodyum rivaroksaban ile değiştirilen hasta nefes darlığı şikayeti ile tekrar başvurdu. Pulmoner emboli tespit edilmesi üzerine rivaroksaban kesildi ve düşük molekül ağırlıklı heparin tedavisi başlandı. Çok yüksek bir morbidite ve mortalite riski vardı ve uygun tedavi ile klinik durum ve böbrek fonksiyonu stabilize edildi. Sonuç olarak, nefrotik sendromda tromboemboli görülebilmesine rağmen, nefrotik sendromun ilk prezentasyonu olarak nadiren de olsa tromboemboli ile karşılaşılabilinir. Bu durum gözden kaçırılmamalı, uygun tedaviler geciktirilmeden sağlanmalıdır.

Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is a condition characterized radiologically by hyperlucency in a single lung lobe associated with reduced vascularity, alveolar hyperdistention, and air trapping in the absence of bronchial airway obstruction. Ventricular septal defect is the most common congenital heart defect in childhood and causes irreversible pulmonary hypertension and Eisenmenger syndrome if not treated in a timely manner. In this case report, we present a 25-year-old patient with Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome and Eisenmenger syndrome. Including Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome in the differential diagnosis of patients with atypically distributed pulmonary emphysema and unilateral hyperlucency is important for early diagnosis and timely treatment.

Pulmonary embolism is a common cardiovascular emergency. In case of delayed diagnosis and treatment morbidity and mortality is high. In this report, we presented a case of pulmonary embolism without apparent risk factors, which was initially misdiagnosed as peri/myocarditis. © 2022 Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia.

History Part one of this case appeared 4 months previously and may contain larger images. An 8-year-old girl presented to our hospital with painful swelling of the left thigh and soft-tissue swelli...

Single coronary artery is a congenital cardiac anomaly in which the right coronary artery or left main coronary artery arises from a single aortic ostium. This coronary anomaly is rare and may lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to sudden cardiac death, depending on its association with great vessels. In addition, proven treatment strategies for this anomaly have not yet been established. In this report; we presented a single coronary artery originating from the right sinus of valsalva, and successful two stents implantation of the middle and distal right coronary artery in a patient with acute coronary syndrome.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is similar to connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseases (CTD-ILD) in many aspects. However, patients with CTD-ILD have required particular attention during the pandemic since they are at high risk due to immunosuppressive treatments. Thus, prompt decisions for diagnosis and treatment initiation have become more important than earlier for these patients during the pandemic. Radiological perspectives have become inevitable for the differential diagnosis of this group during the pandemic, particularly to obtain rapid and accurate results that allow the physicians to start treatment immediately. However, in addition to radiological images, a definitive diagnosis also requires access to extensive information regarding patient history, including characteristics of comorbidities, and clinical and serological findings. Consequently, the differential diagnosis of COVID-19 and CTD-ILD can yield accurate treatment regimens that differ greatly between the 2 diseases, and also prevent the spread of the outbreak with COVID-19 patients treated under isolation. © 2021, AVES. All rights reserved.

Background/Aim: The objective of this work was to assess the value of 68Ga-DOTAGA-(3-iodo-y)fk(Sub-KuE) positron emission tomography (68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for preoperative staging in prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) by validating with postoperative histopathology data. Materials and Methods: We prospectively investigated 30 consecutive PCa patients who had both mp-MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT before laparoscopic RP. The seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), lymph node metastasis (LNM), bladder neck invasion (BNI), and extracapsular extension (ECE) were investigated separately. The diagnostic performances of mp-MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT were assessed using histopathological results. Results: Both mp-MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT were not statistically significant in the evaluation of SVI, BNI, and ECE preoperatively but had statistically significant results in the assessment of LNM. mp-MRI had higher overall sensitivity for ECE, overall specificity for SVI, ECE, and BNI, and positive predictive value for ECE, SVI, BNI. 68Ga-PSMA-I/T PET-CT had higher overall sensitivity for BNI, and negative predictive value for BNI and LNM. Conclusion: mp-MRI has superior specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for assessing ECE and SVI. Both imaging modalities had similar specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for determining BNI. However, both imaging modalities had low diagnostic accuracy for LNM on histopathology.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of knee osteonecrosis (ON) in patients with arthralgia who received corticosteroid therapy. We also aimed to demonstrate the diagnostic performance of plain radiography in knee ON when MRI is accepted as the gold standard and to investigate the prevalence of accompanying femoral head ON in patients who underwent hip MRI., Methods: One hundred and sixty-two knee X-rays and MRI examinations of 136 patients with knee pain and a history of corticosteroid intake were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of ON. Localization, maximum size of dominant lesion, multiplicity of lesions, presence of bone edema, double-line sign and subchondral extension were evaluated in patients with ON. Accompanying femoral head ON was also investigated in patients who underwent hip MRI., Results: MRI revealed ON in 37 knees of 28 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of plain radiography in the diagnosis of knee joint ON was 29.73% and 98.40%, respectively. There were multiple lesions in 31 knees and subchondral space was affected in 24 knees. The double-line sign and bone marrow edema were present in most of the lesions. Of the 28 patients with knee ON, only 16 had hip joint MRI and five of these patients (31.3%) had femoral head ON., Conclusion: Plain radiography has low sensitivity but high specificity for the diagnosis of knee ON. Corticosteroid-induced ON tends to be multifocal, and a significant proportion of patients with knee ON during corticosteroid therapy have ON of the hip joint.

Part one of this case appeared 4 months previously and may contain larger images. An 8-year-old girl presented to our hospital with painful swelling of the left thigh and soft-tissue swelling in the right chest wall. The patient's history revealed that the swelling had been present since birth but had grown slowly. She had no history of relevant trauma. Her blood pressure was 145/95 mmHg (normal value,115/76 mmHg), and her heart rate was 105 beats per minute (normal value, 75-118 beats per minute). The patient's electrocardiogram displayed sinus tachycardia. Physical examination revealed soft-tissue hypertrophy in the left thigh and right lower chest wall. A painful soft and flexible mass measuring approximately 5 × 6 × 15 cm (in the anteroposterior, transverse, and craniocaudal directions, respectively) was detected at the left thigh. Moreover, a painless soft mass measuring approximately 3 × 8 × 10 cm (in the anteroposterior, transverse, and craniocaudal directions, respectively) was detected in the right lower chest wall, and the overlying skin was intact. Pink macules with a 3-cm diameter on the anterior left superior thigh and a 2.5-cm diameter in the left inguinal region were detected. Examination of other systems, including the cardiovascular system, revealed normal findings. Laboratory test results were within normal limits. Abdominal US showed perirenal vascular collaterals, and musculoskeletal US of the left thigh revealed vascular collaterals (images not shown). Therefore, thoracoabdominal CT angiography and contrast material-enhanced MRI of the bilateral thigh were performed.

Amaç: Kliniğimizde takip edilen kesin COVID-19 vakalar ile olası COVID-19 vakalar arasındaki sosyodemografik, klinik, BT ve laboratuvar bulgularının farklarını incelemeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve yöntem: İlk vaka tarihi olan 13 Mart 2020 ile 5 Mayıs 2020 arasında, olası ve kesin COVID-19 tanısıyla Göğüs Hastalıkları servisinde yatan tüm hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların toraks BT bulguları, hastaların klinik ve PCR test sonuçlarına körleştirilen iki farklı radyolog tarafından CO-RADS sınıflamasına göre ayrı ayrı yorumlandı ve daha sonra ortak değerlendirme ile konsensüs sağlandı. Klinik, laboratuvar ve görüntüleme bulguları ile çoklu regresyon modellemesi yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 38 RT-PCR pozitif, 62 RT-PCR negatif olmak üzere toplam 99 hasta dahil edildi. Nötrofil/lenfosit oranı (NLR) ve lenfosit sayısı, RT-PCR pozitif hastalarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha düşüktü (sırasıyla p = 0.038, p = 0.041). Benzer şekilde, pozitif hastalarda CRP değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu gözlendi (p = 0.029). RT-PCR (+) ile RT-PCR (-) ancak toraks BT ‘si CO-RADS evrelemesine göre pozitif olan hastaların karşılaştırmalarında, RT-PCR (-) ancak toraks BT pozitif olan grupta anlamlı şekilde WBC, LDH ve CRP değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu görüldü (sırasıyla p=0.001, p=0.033, p=0.004). Öksürük, WBC, LDH, CRP değerleri ve toraks BT skoru kullanılarak geliştirilen modelde en yüksek AUC değeri elde edilmiş, RT-PCR pozitifliğini ayırt etmede başarılı olabileceği görüldü (AUC=0.725, 95% CI: 0.619-0.830)Sonuç: Klinik bulgular varlığında RT-PCR pozitifliğini beklemeden COVID-19 uyumlu BT bulguları (CO-RADS'ye göre evre 4-5) ile yüksek WBC, CRP VE LDH varsa COVID-19 olasılığı artacaktır., Purpose: We aimed to determine the number of possible and precise cases among the patients hospitalized in our clinic and to examine the differences between the sociodemographic, clinical, chest CT and laboratory findings of these two groups.Materials and methods: The data of all patients hospitalized at the department of pulmonology service between March 13 as the date of the first case and May 5 with probable and definitive COVID-19 were evaluated retrospectively. Patient ward files and hospital data management system were examined. Chest CT findings of the patients were interpreted by two radiologists separately according to the CO-RADS classification blinded to clinical and PCR test results of the patients and then consensus was achieved with joint evaluation.Results: A total of 99 patients, 38 RT-PCR positive, 61 RT-PCR negative, were included in the study. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) values and lymphocyte count were lower at a statistically significant level in positive patients(respectively p=0.038, p=0.041). Similarly, CRP values were observed to be lower at a statistically significant level in positive patients(p=0.029). When the patients with RT-PCR(+) and RT-PCR(-) but with positive chest CT findings according to CO-RADS staging were compared, the values of WBC, LDH and CRP level was observed to be high were statistically significant in the group with RT-PCR(-) but positive chest CT findings.Conclusion: In the presence of clinical findings, without waiting for RT-PCR positivity, the probability of COVID-19 disease will increase if there are elevated WBC, CRP and LDH findings with CT findings(stage 4-5 according to CO-RADS).

Neutropenic enterocolitis is also known as typhlitis, is characterized by severe inflammation in the bowel loops. It is often seen in immunosuppressed patients, and it has high morbidity and mortality. Although the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the respiratory systemand causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), it may affect hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems. Herein, we present a rare case of COVID-19-associated pancytopenia and typhlitis in a 60-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated the bowel wall thickening in the cecum and ascending colon compatible with enterocolitis. Moreover, the chest CT showed bilateral, peripheral, and multifocal ground-glass opacities, consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia. We also aimed to emphasize the laboratory, clinical, and CT findings of the patient. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Contracting COVID-19 during pregnancy is a clinical concern as knowledge of altered immunity is limited, and so cases should be considered separately in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Although there is no clear evidence that pregnancy increases the risk of COVID-19, it is thought that susceptibility to infection and the intensification of respiratory symptoms may be increased, given the physiological changes in pregnancy and increased mortality and morbidity in many viral diseases. Accordingly, the management of COVID-19 in pregnant patients and those considered among the high-risk groups represent a challenge for clinicians. Numerous studies of COVID-19 have been published to date or are ongoing, yet pregnant women are generally excluded from clinical studies. Clinical experiences and case reports occupy an important position in literature, and we present hare a case in which the diagnosis of a patient being followed by our clinic was delayed due to the absence of SARS CoV-2 in recurrent upper-respiratory-tract sampling, and whose clinical findings worsened with initial COVID-19 treatment during pregnancy. Her delivery by caesarean section (C-section) was the result of a multidisciplinary decision. We draw attention to the diagnostic process and treatment approach. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Gebelikte COVID-19, degisen immunite;tani ve tedavideki farkliliklar ile ayri ele alinmasi gereken, bilgilerimizin sinirli oldugu bir klinik tablodur. Gebelikte gerceklesen fizyolojik degisiklikler ve pek cok viral hastalikta artmis mortalite ve morbidite goz onune alindiginda, gebeligin enfeksiyonlara yatkinliga ve solunumsal semptomlarda siddetlenmeye neden olabilecegi dusunulmektedir. Bu nedenle riskli gruplar arasinda degerlendirilmesi gereken gebelerde COVID-19 yonetimi klinisyenler icin zorluklar icermektedir. COVID-19 ile ilgili cok sayida calisma yayinlanmis ya da devam etmekte olsa da gebeler genellikle klinik calismalarin disinda tutulmaktadir. Bu nedenle klinik deneyimler, olgu paylasimlari literaturde onemli bir yer tutmaktadir. Klinigimizde takip ettigimiz, tekrarlayan ust solunum yolu orneklemelerinde SARS CoV-2 saptanmamasi nedeniyle tanisi geciken, gebelikte kullanilabilen COVID-19 tedavisi altinda klinik bulgularda kotulesme olmasi uzerine multidisipliner yaklasim ile sezaryen karari alinarak tedavisi sekillendirilen olgumuzu, tani sureci ve tedavi yaklasimina dikkat cekerek sunmayi amacladik. (Turkish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Respiratory Case Reports is the property of LookUs Scientific and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Lungs are the primary organ involved in COVID-19, and the severity of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the pneumonia severity through the visual and quantitative assessment on chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare the CT findings with clinical and laboratory findings. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated adult COVID-19 patients who underwent chest CT along with theirclinical scores, laboratory findings, and length of hospital stay. Two independent radiologists visually evaluated the pneumonia severity on chest CT (VSQS). Quantitative CT (QCT) assessment was performed using a free DICOM viewer, and the percentage of the well-aerated lung (%WAL), high-attenuation areas (%HAA) at different threshold values, and mean lung attenuation (MLA) values were calculated. The relationship between CT scores and the clinical, laboratory data, and the length of hospital stay were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. The student's t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the differences between the variables. The Pearson correlation test analyzed the correlation between the variables. The diagnostic performance of the variables was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The VSQS and QCT scores were significantly correlated with procalcitonin, d-dimer, ferritin, and C-reactive protein levels. Both VSQ and QCT scores were significantly correlated with the disease severity (p < 0.001). Among the QCT parameters, the %HAA-600 value showed the best correlation with the VSQS (r = 730, p < 0.001). VSQS and QCT scores had high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing disease severity and predicting prolonged hospitalization. Conclusion: The VSQS and QCT scores can help manage the COVID-19 and predict the duration of the hospitalization.

AMAÇ : İntra-abdominal apselere görüntüleme eşliğinde yaptığımız perkütan drenaj işlemlerinin etkinliğini, işlemlerin hangi kılavuz yöntemle yapıldığını, komplikasyonlarını, alınan örneklerden gelen kültür antibiyogram sonuçlarını ve hastalarımızın demografik özellikleri ile klinik sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM : Çalışmamız tek merkezli, retrospektif bir kohort çalışmasıdır.01/06/2017 - 01/06/2019 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz girişimsel radyoloji bölümünde perkütan drenaj tedavisi uygulanan hastaların elektronik tıbbi kayıtları incelendi.Hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, işlemin yapılma yöntemi, kılavuz için kullanılan modalite, kullanılan kateter, oluşan komplikasyonlar, kateterin kaç gün kaldığı, hastaların kültür antibiyogram sonuçları araştırıldı.BULGULAR : Perkütan drenaj ile kateter yerleştirirken 187 işlemde Seldinger tekniği, 6 işlemde Trokar yöntemi uygulandığı görüldü. Kateter mal pozisyonu, kateter tıkanması, apsenin tekrarlaması, drenajın yeterli olmaması gibi nedenlerle perkütan drenaj yapılan apselerden 89 (%50) tanesine ikinci bir işlem yapmak gerekti ve tekrarlayan kateter drenajı yapılan hastaların 75’i (%42) tedaviden sonra iyileşti. İntra-abdominal apselerde uygulanan perkütan drenaj tedavisinde toplamda başarı oranımız %92 olarak hesaplandı.SONUÇ: İntra-abdominal apselerde apse ile ilişkili intra-abdominal patoloji bulunmuyorsa perkütan drenaj işlemi tedavide ilk seçenek olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Perkütan drenaj işleminin erken dönem komplikasyonları yok denecek kadar az olup güvenli ve etkili bir tedavi yöntemidir. Hangi apselere sadece antibiyotik tedavisi verilmesi gerektiği, hangilerine ince iğneyle aspirasyonun yapılacağı, hangilerine drenaj kateteri yerleştirilmesi gerektiği, hangilerine açık cerrahi tedavi gerektiğine dair çalışmalar yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır., Purpose: Evaluation of the effectiveness of percutaneous drainage methods for intraabdominal abscesses, guiding method of the procedures, the complications, the culture antibiogram results from the samples taken, and the clinical results of our patients.Materials and methods: Our study is a single-center, retrospective cohort study. Electronic medical records of patients undergoing percutaneous drainage treatment in our hospital interventional radiology department between 01/06/2017-01/06/2019 were examined. The age and gender of the patients, the method of performing the procedure, the modality used for the guideline, the catheter used, the complications that occurred, the number of days the catheter was left, and the culture antibiogram results of the patients were investigated.Results: It was observed that 187 of the catheter placement procedures with percutaneous drainage were applied Seldinger technique and 6 of them Trocar method. Due to reasons such as catheter malposition, catheter occlusion, recurrence of the abscess, insufficient drainage, 89 (50%) of the abscesses with percutaneous drainage were required to perform a second procedure, and 75 (42%) of the patients who underwent recurrent catheter drainage recovered after the treatment. Our overall success rate in percutaneous drainage treatment for intra-abdominal abscesses was calculated as 84.9%. Conclusion: For intra-abdominal abscesses, if there is no intra-abdominal pathology associated with abscess, percutaneous drainage procedure is considered as the first choice in treatment. Early period complications of percutaneous drainage are almost none and it is a safe and effective treatment method. Studies need to be carried out on which abscesses should only be treated with antibiotics, which ones should be aspirated with a fine needle, which ones should be placed with a drainage catheter, and which ones require open surgical treatment.

PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia on computed tomography (CT) using quantitative (QCT) and semiquantitative (SCT) assessments and compare with the clinical findings. METHODS: Two observers independently examined the CT images of COVID-19 patients, and the SCT severity score was calculated. The SCT score was calculated as the sum of values ranging from 0 to 4, according to the volumetric rate of involvement for each lung lobe. In quantitative assessment, total lung volume (TLV) was automatically calculated from CT density values between -200 and -950 HU. Besides, healthy lung volume (HLV) was calculated from voxels between -800 and -950 HU. The QCT score was calculated with the following formula: (TLV - HLV / TLV) ×100. All patients were clinically divided into four groups: mild, common, severe, and critical. Interobserver agreement for SCT assessment was investigated using the Cohen's Kappa statistics (κ). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for the relationship between continuous data. The diagnostic accuracy of SCT and QCT in the differentiation of clinically limited (mild, common) and extensive (severe, critical) disease was investigated using ROC analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-six patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. There was good agreement between the two observers in the SCT evaluation of pulmonary disease severity (κ = 0.796; 95% CI, 0.751-0.841). A significant correlation was found between QCT and SCT scores (P < 0.001, r = 0.661). Both QCT and SCT scores showed a significant correlation with clinical severity score (P < 0.001, r = 0.620 and P = 0.004, r = 0.529, respectively). The ROC analysis revealed the AUC of QCT and SCT for differentiation of limited and extensive disease as 0.873 (95% CI, 0.774-0.972) and 0.816 (95% CI, 0.673-0.959), respectively. CONCLUSION: The QCT assessment is an objective method in the evaluation of COVID-19 severity and is more successful than semiquantitative CT assessment to discriminate extensive from limited disease.

Background: Temporal bone is a region where fat suppression is difficult due to the inhomogeneity of various structures with different molecular properties. Introduction: We aimed to determine the most effective fat suppression sequence in order to increase the visibility of the inner ear region. Methods: The hybrid techniques and T1-Weighted mDIXON images of 40 patients with Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging of the inner ear were prospectively compared by two experienced radiologists in terms of fat suppression efficacy. In all fat-suppressed sequences, the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), the spinal cord signal intensity / mean fat signal intensity ratio and spinal cord signal to noise ratio were calculated. The suppression efficacy of MR techniques for fat areas in the inner ear was visually graded. Results: Qualitative assessment of image quality due to fat suppression in the inner ear was made; the Dixon technique performed significantly better than SPAIR and SPIR techniques (p Conclusion: The Dixon technique exhibited higher image quality and fat suppression efficiency than the hybrid techniques in the MR imaging of the inner ear.