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1. Resource-dependent biodiversity and potential multi-trophic interactions determine belowground functional trait stability

Author

Zhu, Lingyue, Chen, Yan, Sun, Ruibo, Zhang, Jiabao, Hale, Lauren, Dumack, Kenneth, Geisen, Stefan, Deng, Ye, Duan, Yinghua, Zhu, Bo, Li, Yan, Liu, Wenzhao, Wang, Xiaoyue, Griffiths, Bryan S, Bonkowski, Michael, Zhou, Jizhong, and Sun, Bo

Subjects
Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Biomass, Soil, Nutritional Status, Soil biodiversity, Within trophic interactions, Cross-trophic interactions, Agroecosystem, Ecosystem functioning, Ecology, Microbiology, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundFor achieving long-term sustainability of intensive agricultural practices, it is pivotal to understand belowground functional stability as belowground organisms play essential roles in soil biogeochemical cycling. It is commonly believed that resource availability is critical for controlling the soil biodiversity and belowground organism interactions that ultimately lead to the stabilization or collapse of terrestrial ecosystem functions, but evidence to support this belief is still limited. Here, we leveraged field experiments from the Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) and two microcosm experiments mimicking high and low resource conditions to explore how resource availability mediates soil biodiversity and potential multi-trophic interactions to control functional trait stability.ResultsWe found that agricultural practice-induced higher resource availability increased potential cross-trophic interactions over 316% in fields, which in turn had a greater effect on functional trait stability, while low resource availability made the stability more dependent on the potential within trophic interactions and soil biodiversity. This large-scale pattern was confirmed by fine-scale microcosm systems, showing that microcosms with sufficient nutrient supply increase the proportion of potential cross-trophic interactions, which were positively associated with functional stability. Resource-driven belowground biodiversity and multi-trophic interactions ultimately feedback to the stability of plant biomass.ConclusionsOur results indicated the importance of potential multi-trophic interactions in supporting belowground functional trait stability, especially when nutrients are sufficient, and also suggested the ecological benefits of fertilization programs in modern agricultural intensification. Video Abstract.

Published
2023

2. A global database of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition.

Author

van den Hoogen, Johan, Geisen, Stefan, Wall, Diana H, Wardle, David A, Traunspurger, Walter, de Goede, Ron GM, Adams, Byron J, Ahmad, Wasim, Ferris, Howard, Bardgett, Richard D, Bonkowski, Michael, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Cares, Juvenil E, Caruso, Tancredi, de Brito Caixeta, Larissa, Chen, Xiaoyun, Costa, Sofia R, Creamer, Rachel, da Cunha E Castro, José Mauro, Dam, Marie, Djigal, Djibril, Escuer, Miguel, Griffiths, Bryan S, Gutiérrez, Carmen, Hohberg, Karin, Kalinkina, Daria, Kardol, Paul, Kergunteuil, Alan, Korthals, Gerard, Krashevska, Valentyna, Kudrin, Alexey A, Li, Qi, Liang, Wenju, Magilton, Matthew, Marais, Mariette, Martín, José Antonio Rodríguez, Matveeva, Elizaveta, Mayad, El Hassan, Mzough, E, Mulder, Christian, Mullin, Peter, Neilson, Roy, Nguyen, TA Duong, Nielsen, Uffe N, Okada, Hiroaki, Rius, Juan Emilio Palomares, Pan, Kaiwen, Peneva, Vlada, Pellissier, Loïc, da Silva, Julio Carlos Pereira, Pitteloud, Camille, Powers, Thomas O, Powers, Kirsten, Quist, Casper W, Rasmann, Sergio, Moreno, Sara Sánchez, Scheu, Stefan, Setälä, Heikki, Sushchuk, Anna, Tiunov, Alexei V, Trap, Jean, Vestergård, Mette, Villenave, Cecile, Waeyenberge, Lieven, Wilschut, Rutger A, Wright, Daniel G, Keith, Aidan M, Yang, Jiue-In, Schmidt, Olaf, Bouharroud, R, Ferji, Z, van der Putten, Wim H, Routh, Devin, and Crowther, Thomas W

Abstract

As the most abundant animals on earth, nematodes are a dominant component of the soil community. They play critical roles in regulating biogeochemical cycles and vegetation dynamics within and across landscapes and are an indicator of soil biological activity. Here, we present a comprehensive global dataset of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition. This dataset includes 6,825 georeferenced soil samples from all continents and biomes. For geospatial mapping purposes these samples are aggregated into 1,933 unique 1-km pixels, each of which is linked to 73 global environmental covariate data layers. Altogether, this dataset can help to gain insight into the spatial distribution patterns of soil nematode abundance and community composition, and the environmental drivers shaping these patterns.

Published
2020

5. Soil nematode abundance and functional group composition at a global scale

Author

van den Hoogen, Johan, Geisen, Stefan, Routh, Devin, Ferris, Howard, Traunspurger, Walter, Wardle, David A., de Goede, Ron G. M., Adams, Byron J., Ahmad, Wasim, Andriuzzi, Walter S., Bardgett, Richard D., Bonkowski, Michael, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Cares, Juvenil E., Caruso, Tancredi, de Brito Caixeta, Larissa, Chen, Xiaoyun, Costa, Sofia R., Creamer, Rachel, Mauro da Cunha Castro, José, Dam, Marie, Djigal, Djibril, Escuer, Miguel, Griffiths, Bryan S., Gutiérrez, Carmen, Hohberg, Karin, Kalinkina, Daria, Kardol, Paul, Kergunteuil, Alan, Korthals, Gerard, Krashevska, Valentyna, Kudrin, Alexey A., Li, Qi, Liang, Wenju, Magilton, Matthew, Marais, Mariette, Martín, José Antonio Rodríguez, Matveeva, Elizaveta, Mayad, El Hassan, Mulder, Christian, Mullin, Peter, Neilson, Roy, Nguyen, T. A. Duong, Nielsen, Uffe N., Okada, Hiroaki, Rius, Juan Emilio Palomares, Pan, Kaiwen, Peneva, Vlada, Pellissier, Loïc, Carlos Pereira da Silva, Julio, Pitteloud, Camille, Powers, Thomas O., Powers, Kirsten, Quist, Casper W., Rasmann, Sergio, Moreno, Sara Sánchez, Scheu, Stefan, Setälä, Heikki, Sushchuk, Anna, Tiunov, Alexei V., Trap, Jean, van der Putten, Wim, Vestergård, Mette, Villenave, Cecile, Waeyenberge, Lieven, Wall, Diana H., Wilschut, Rutger, Wright, Daniel G., Yang, Jiue-in, and Crowther, Thomas Ward

Published
2019
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18. Earthworms Coordinate Soil Biota to Improve Multiple Ecosystem Functions

Author

Liu, Ting, primary, Chen, Xiaoyun, additional, Gong, Xin, additional, Lubbers, Ingrid M., additional, Jiang, Yangyang, additional, Feng, Wen, additional, Li, Xianping, additional, Whalen, Joann K., additional, Bonkowski, Michael, additional, Griffiths, Bryan S., additional, Hu, Feng, additional, and Liu, Manqiang, additional

Published
2019
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19. Soil protistology rebooted: 30 fundamental questions to start with

Author

Geisen, Stefan, Mitchell, Edward A.D., Wilkinson, David M., Adl, Sina, Bonkowski, Michael, Brown, Matthew W, Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria, Heger, Thierry J., Jassey, Vincent E.J., Krashevska, Valentyna, Lahr, Daniel J.G., Marcisz, Katarzyna, Mulot, Matthieu, Payne, Richard, Singer, David, Anderson, O. Roger, Charman, Dan J., Ekelund, Flemming, Griffiths, Bryan S., Rønn, Regin, Smirnov, Alexey, Bass, David, Belbahri, Lassaâd, Berney, Cédric, Blandenier, Quentin, Chatzinotas, Antonis, Clarholm, Marianne, Dunthorn, Micah, Feest, Alan, Fernández, Leonardo D., Foissner, Wilhelm, Fournier, Bertrand, Gentekaki, Eleni, Hájek, Michal, Helder, Johannes, Jousset, Alexandre, Koller, Robert, Kumar, Santosh, La Terza, Antonietta, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Mazei, Yuri, Santos, Susana S., Seppey, Christophe V.W., Spiegel, Frederick W., Walochnik, Julia, Winding, Anne, Lara, Enrique, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Schlumberger-Doll Research, Schlumberger, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institut of Zoology, University of Cologne, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (AMUP), Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College (SCUR), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Laboratory of Soil Biology, Evolution des Protistes et Ecosystèmes Pélagiques (EPEP), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kaiserslautern [Kaiserslautern], Laboratoire de biodiversité du sol [Neuchâtel], Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), French Institute of Pondichery, Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Center for Pathophysiology, NERI, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Biological Sciences [Mississippi], University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964 USA, Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University (SPbU), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil biology, Ecology (disciplines), Biodiversity, Soil Science, Functional diversity, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:570, Microbial interactions, Soil protists, Ecosystem, Protozoa, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Functional ecology, Ecology, Food web, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Protistology, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, international, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Conservation biology, EPS, Laboratory of Nematology, Soil fertility
Abstract

Protists are the most diverse eukaryotes. These microbes are keystone organisms of soil ecosystems and regulate essential processes of soil fertility such as nutrient cycling and plant growth. Despite this, protists have received little scientific attention, especially compared to bacteria, fungi and nematodes in soil studies. Recent methodological advances, particularly in molecular biology techniques, have made the study of soil protists more accessible, and have created a resurgence of interest in soil protistology. This ongoing revolution now enables comprehensive investigations of the structure and functioning of soil protist communities, paving the way to a new era in soil biology. Instead of providing an exhaustive review, we provide a synthesis of research gaps that should be prioritized in future studies of soil protistology to guide this rapidly developing research area. Based on a synthesis of expert opinion we propose 30 key questions covering a broad range of topics including evolution, phylogenetics, functional ecology, macroecology, paleoecology, and methodologies. These questions highlight a diversity of topics that will establish soil protistology as a hub discipline connecting different fundamental and applied fields such as ecology, biogeography, evolution, plant-microbe interactions, agronomy, and conservation biology. We are convinced that soil protistology has the potential to be one of the most exciting frontiers in biology. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2017

25. Connecting the Green and Brown Worlds: Allometric and Stoichiometric Predictability of Above- and Below-Ground Networks

Author

Mulder, Christian, Ahrestani, Farshid S., Bahn, Michael, Bohan, David, Bonkowski, Michael, Griffiths, Bryan S., Guicharnaud, Rannveig Anna, Kattge, Jens, Krogh, Paul Henning, Lavorel, Sandra, Lewis, Owen T., Mancinelli, Giorgio, Naeem, Shahid, Penuelas, Josep, Poorter, Hendrik, Reich, Peter B., Rossi, Loreto, Rusch, Graciela M., Sardans, Jordi, Wright, Ian J., Woodward, G., Bohan, D. A., C., Mulder, F. S., Ahrestani, M., Bahn, D. A., Bohan, M., Bonkowski, B. S., Griffithsk, R. A., Guicharnaud, J., Kattge, P., Henning Krogh, S., Lavorel, O. T., Lewi, Mancinelli, Giorgio, S., Naeem, J., Peñuela, H., Poorter, P. B., Reich, L., Rossi, G. M., Rusch, J., Sardan, I. J., Wright, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, University of Innsbruck, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, University of Cologne, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Commission of the European Communities, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Università del Salento, Columbia University [New York], Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals - Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Partenaires INRAE, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Western Sydney University, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), and Macquarie University

Subjects
Edaphic food webs, Isotopic signatures in litter food webs, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS, Above- and below-ground plant traits (TRY), Catalan Forest Inventory, Eutrophication, Foliar C:N:P ratios, Microbial C:N:P ratios, N deposition, Plasticity at the basal trophic level, Soil invertebrates and Zoocoenoses, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, BODY-SIZE RELATIONSHIPS, ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION, LAND-USE CHANGE, CARBON ALLOCATION DYNAMICS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION, PREDICTED CLIMATE-CHANGE, GENERAL QUANTITATIVE THEORY, N-P STOICHIOMETRY
Abstract

We examine the potential of trait-based parameters of taxa for linking above-ground and belowground ecological networks (hereafter ‘green’ and ‘brown’ worlds) to understand and predict community dynamics. This synthesis considers carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus-related traits, the abundance of component species and their size-distribution across trophic levels under different forms of management. We have analyzed existing and novel databases on plants, microbes and invertebrates that combine physico-chemical and biological information from (agro)ecosystems spanning the globe. We found (1) evidence that traits from above-ground and below-ground systems may be integrated in the same model and (2) a much greater than expected stoichiometric plasticity of plants and microbes which has implications for the entire food-web mass-abundance scaling. Nitrogen and phosphorus are primary basal resources (hence, drivers) and more retranslocation of P than of N from leaves will lead to higher N:P in the litter and soil organic matter. Thus, under nutrient-rich conditions, higher foliar concentrations of N and P are reflected by lower N:P in the brown litter, suggesting less P retranslocated than N. This apparent stoichiometric dichotomy between green and brown could result in shifts in threshold elemental ratios critical for ecosystem functioning. It has important implications for a general food-web model, given that resource C:N:P ratios are generally assumed to reflect environmental C:N:P ratios. We also provide the first evidence for large-scale allometric changes according to the stoichiometry of agroecosystems. Finally, we discuss insights that can be gained from integrating carbon and nitrogen isotope data into trait-based approaches, and address the origin of changes in Δ13C and Δ15N fractionation values in relation to consumer-resource body-mass ratios

Published
2016

41. Long-term effect of re-vegetation on the microbial community of a severely eroded soil in sub-tropical China.

Author

Huan Deng, Bin Zhang, Rui Yin, Hui-li Wang, Mitchell, Susan M., Griffiths, Bryan S., and Daniell, Timothy John

Subjects
BIOMASS, BACTERIAL diversity, SOIL erosion, VEGETATION dynamics, FOREST soils, POLYMERASE chain reaction, EROSION, GENETIC polymorphisms, SOIL microbiology
Abstract

The long-term (18 years) effects of re-vegetating eroded soil on soil microbial biomass, community structure and diversity were investigated in a forest soil derived from Quaternary clay in the Red Soil Ecological Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Large areas of land in this region of China have been subjected to severe soil erosion, characterised by the removal of the fertile surface soil and even the exposure of parental rock in some areas due to a combination of deforestation and heavy rainfall. The effects of planting eroded or uneroded soil with Pinus massoniana, Cinnamomum camphora or Lespedeza bicolor on the soil microbial community and chemical properties were assessed. Total soil microbial community DNA was extracted and bacterial 16 S rRNA gene fragments were amplified by PCR and analysed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) was measured by chloroform fumigation-extraction. Following the restoration there were significant increases in both Cmic and bacterial diversity (Shannon index), and significant changes in bacterial community structure. Erosion factors were significant only in minor dimensions suggesting that the restoration had been largely successful in terms of bacterial community structure. Compared with uneroded soil, Cmic recovered in L. bicolor and P. massoniana restored eroded plots and was significantly greater under these tree species than C. camphora, although soils in C. camphora restored plots displayed the highest bacterial diversity. The recovery of microbial biomass and diversity in the eroded plots was, to large extent, accompanied by the development of the same bacterial community structure as in the uneroded plots with erosion having relatively little effect on bacterial community structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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44. Conceptual framework underpinning management of soil health—supporting site‐specific delivery of sustainable agro‐ecosystems.

Author

Stockdale, Elizabeth A., Griffiths, Bryan S., Hargreaves, Paul R., Bhogal, Anne, Crotty, Felicity V., and Watson, Christine A.

Subjects
*SOIL management, *FARM management, *RANGE management, *CROPPING systems, *BIOCOMPLEXITY, *AGRICULTURAL intensification
Abstract

The need for sustainable intensification of agricultural production has ushered in a growing awareness of soil health and a requirement to identify with some certainty how changes to land management will affect soil. From an agricultural perspective, the active management of soil health needs to balance the production of a healthy and profitable crop with environmental protection and improvement. However, the extreme spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soils, and the complexity of biological, physical and chemical interactions therein, makes predicting management effects on soil health challenging. Although the general principles underlying effects on soil health are well understood, they still need interpretation in a local context and the inclusion of site‐specific details. Approaches from landscape ecology provide a potential framework to integrate consideration of the structural (pools, patterns), dynamic and functional (processes, flows) aspects of the soil system. These approaches allow the crucial transition from a "descriptive and general" understanding toward a "detailed and site‐specific" prediction to be made. Using this conceptual framework, we have taken knowledge of the effects of fixed site factors (soil type and climatic zone), cropping systems and farm management practices on a range of soil physical, chemical and biological parameters for UK lowland agricultural systems, and have developed a predictive framework that shows semi‐quantitatively the effects of typical management choices on soil health and crop yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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45. Applying Soil Health Indicators to Encourage Sustainable Soil Use: The Transition from Scientific Study to Practical Application.

Author

Griffiths, Bryan S., Faber, Jack, and Bloem, Jaap

Abstract

The sustainable management of land for agricultural production has at its core a healthy soil, because this reduces the quantity of external inputs, reduces losses of nutrients to the environment, maximises the number of days when the soil can be worked, and has a pore structure that maximises both the retention of water in dry weather and drainage of water in wet weather. Soil health encompasses the physical, chemical, and biological features, but the use of biological indicators is the least well advanced. Sustainability also implies the balanced provision of ecosystem services, which can be more difficult to measure than single indicators. We describe how the key components of the soil food web contribute to a healthy soil and give an overview of the increasing number of scientific studies that have examined the use of biological indicators. A case study is made of the ecosystem service of water infiltration, which is quite an undertaking to measure directly, but which can be inferred from earthworm abundance and biodiversity which is relatively easy to measure. This highlights the difficulty of putting any monitoring scheme into practice and we finish by providing the considerations in starting a new soil health monitoring service in the UK and in maintaining biological monitoring in The Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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46. Reflections on plant and soil nematode ecology: past, present and future.

Author

Ferris H, Griffiths BS, Porazinska DL, Powers TO, Wang KH, and Tenuta M

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to highlight key developments in nematode ecology from its beginnings to where it stands today as a discipline within nematology. Emerging areas of research appear to be driven by crop production constraints, environmental health concerns, and advances in technology. In contrast to past ecological studies which mainly focused on management of plant-parasitic nematodes, current studies reflect differential sensitivity of nematode faunae. These differences, identified in both aquatic and terrestrial environments include response to stressors, environmental conditions, and management practices. Methodological advances will continue to influence the role nematodes have in addressing the nature of interactions between organisms, and of organisms with their environments. In particular, the C. elegans genetic model, nematode faunal analysis and nematode metagenetic analysis can be used by ecologists generally and not restricted to nematologists.

Published
2012

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