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Introduction: Echinococcosis is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by tapeworms of the Echinococcus genus, manifesting in mature or larval forms. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are the primary types affecting humans, linked, respectively, to Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis . This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk factors associated with CE and AE in humans., Methods: Relevant English publications were found through a thorough search of eligible databases. The inclusion criteria focused on cross-sectional and case-control studies investigating risk factors for human echinococcosis. Collected data included author, country, study design, demographics, sample size, literacy, occupation, drinking water source, dog ownership, and hand hygiene., Results: A total of 1,594 studies were found in the initial search, with only 36 papers (involving 1,207,436 cases) meeting the inclusion criteria. Most of the study population (99.35%) showed no echinococcosis infection, while 0.65% were infected. Of the infected cases, 77.92% had CE, while 22.08% had AE. Among 629,996 (52.18%) females, 4,830 (0.76%) were infected, compared to 2,968 (0.52%) infections among 565,872 (46.86%) males ( p  < 0.001). Rural areas, low education levels, agricultural/livestock workers, dog owners, water sources, and poor hand hygiene were all significantly associated with the infection ( p  < 0.05)., Conclusion: Echinococcosis remains a global health concern, particularly among rural residents, those with lower education, agricultural workers, and dog owners. Targeted public health measures, including improved hygiene practices and access to clean water, are essential to reducing its impact., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Kakamad, Anwar, Ahmed, Habibullah, Kaka Ali, Nasralla, Abdullah, Tahir, Kareem, Hasan, Gharib, Asaad, Mohammed, Abdalla, Esmaeil, Rashid and Hamahussein.)

Intraparotid gland neurofibroma is a rare benign tumor that arises from Schwann cells of the facial nerve within the parotid gland. This case report discusses a 41-year-old woman who experienced a painless preauricular swelling on her right side for over 5 years. Clinical examination and ultrasound revealed a well-defined mass in the parotid gland. The patient underwent total mass excision, resulting in transient facial nerve dysfunction but complete recovery. These tumors often manifest as solitary masses in the parotid region and may compress nearby structures, causing facial paralysis or numbness. Their diagnosis can be challenging due to similarities with other parotid gland tumors and possible associations with neurofibromatosis. Managing intraparotid tumors, including neurofibromas, involves a multidisciplinary approach with input from cytopathologists, radiologists, and surgeons., Competing Interests: None declared., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. © The Author(s) 2024.)

Introduction: While different methods are employed for fixing narrowed nasal valves and preventing the notching of soft triangles, this study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of a new technique called Süreyya-Dani Technique., Methods: This prospective study composed 100 patients who underwent rhinoplasty using the Süreyya-Dani technique. All patients presented with either notching of the soft triangle and/or external nasal valve dysfunction. Patients with the absence of soft triangle notching and external nasal valve dysfunction were excluded from this study. Facial analysis was conducted for all patients to identify any asymmetry in the face, and all nasal defects were identified. Descriptive statistics were calculated for different variables. Analytical statistics, namely Chi-Square test, was conducted with a significance level set at P  < 0.05., Results: In the current study, 100 patients were involved, out of which 63 (63%) were female and 37 (37%) were male. The participants' ages ranged from 18 to 46 years, with a mean age of 30 years. various chief complaints were found among patients, with the majority 37(37%) expressing cosmetic concerns. A statistically significant difference was found for the association of nasal tip defects with genders, intraoperative findings, and chef complaints, and the association between the degree of external valve insufficiency and crural weakness ( P -value < 0.05)., Conclusion: Despite many techniques that have been put forward to fix narrowed nasal valves and prevent notching of the soft triangle, the Süreyya-Dani Technique could work to prevent its occurrence successfully., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Omer, Şeneldir, Di Girolamo, Habibullah, Ahmed, Ali, Abdullah, Mustafa, Abdalla, Hassan, Mohammed and Kakamad.)

Introduction: Enterobius vermicularis is one of the commonest parasitic infestations worldwide but its association with acute appendicitis remains controversial. It is very rarely encountered during appendectomy. The aim of this paper is to report a case of acute appendicitis caused by Enterobius vermicularis. A 23-year-old housewife presented with a right lower abdominal pain for the past 8 h. Clinical examination revealed right iliac fossa tenderness upon palpation and rebound tenderness upon release. The patient was diagnosed as a case of suspected acute appendicitis. The patient was anesthetized and intubated. Delivery of the vermiform appendix done through right grid iron incision. Intra operatively an inflamed appendix obstructed by Enterobius vermicularis was noted., Conclusion: Enterobius vermicularis can habit the appendix and induce the signs and symptoms of A.A with or without actual histopathological acute appendicitis. The treatment of choice is surgical resection of the appendix., (Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Hydatid diseases are cystic parasitic infestation caused by Echinococci. The most frequently affected organs are liver and lung. The aim of this study is to report a rare case of hydatid disease of the thigh., Presentation of Case: A 34-year-old female presented with mild, continuous lower abdominal pain. Concomitantly, she was complaining of gradually increasing swelling of the left thigh for about 9 month duration. On examination, there was tender, 3 × 4 cm, suprapubic mass with firm non-tender 10 × 17 cm swelling at the lateral aspect of left thigh. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis thigh hydatid cyst. It was managed by surgical resection., Discussion: In endemic regions, hydatidosis can be controlled by several preventive mechanisms including regular medication of definitive hosts by praziquantel, vaccinating sheep, preventing dog's access to intermediate hosts, boiling or safe disposal of offal. The current case reported positive history of animal contact without fulfilling any preventive measure., Conclusion: Hydatid cyst of the thigh is a very rare parasitic manifestation presenting as a painless swelling, diagnosed typically by MRI and managed with en bloc resection., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: porocarcinoma is a rare sort of skin cancer developing from sweat glands. Its clinical course and management are not well understood., Objectives: the current meta-analysis is to address the presentation and management of porocarcinoma., Data Sources: Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE on OVID and Google scholar were searched for English-language studies published before December 1, 2016., Results: The review of literature revealed 453 cases. From which 222 (49%) cases were male and female were 231 (51%). The mean age was 67.57 years. The mean duration of presentation was 5.57 years ranging from 4 days to 60 years of age. The most common site of affection is the head and neck (39.9%) followed by lower extremity (33.9%). Mass and nodule are the most common modes of presentation. Metastasis occurred at presentation in 110 (31%) cases. The most common organ to which porocarcinoma metastizes is the nearby lymph node (57.7%)., Conclusions: Porocarcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer. Surgery is the main modality of treatment., Systematic Review Registration Number: reviewregistry233.

Introduction: Although cystic duct variation is quite common, duplication of cystic duct is an extreme rare variant. We report a case of double cystic duct with literature review. A 33-year old female presented with right upper quadrant pain of three day duration, associated with nausea and poor appetite. The patient reported previous three attacks of right upper quadrant pain within the last two years. On examination: Murphy's sign was positive and the right upper quadrant was tender. Abdominal ultrasound showed multiple gall stones. Oesophago-gastro- duodenoscopy was normal. Under general anesthesia, four port formal laparoscopy was done, double cystic duct was found. Histopathological examination showed features of chronic cholecystitis., Conclusion: double cystic duct is a very rare variant of the cystic duct anomaly. Identification pre or intraoperatively is very important to prevent ductal injury., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)