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1. CoRRE Trait Data: A dataset of 17 categorical and continuous traits for 4079 grassland species worldwide

Author

Kimberly J. Komatsu, Meghan L. Avolio, Josep Padullés Cubino, Franziska Schrodt, Harald Auge, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Adam T. Clark, Habacuc Flores-Moreno, Emily Grman, W. Stanley Harpole, Jens Kattge, Kaitlin Kimmel, Sally E. Koerner, Lotte Korell, J. Adam Langley, Tamara Münkemüller, Timothy Ohlert, Renske E. Onstein, Christiane Roscher, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Benton N. Taylor, Leho Tedersoo, Rosalie S. Terry, and Kevin Wilcox

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract In our changing world, understanding plant community responses to global change drivers is critical for predicting future ecosystem composition and function. Plant functional traits promise to be a key predictive tool for many ecosystems, including grasslands; however, their use requires both complete plant community and functional trait data. Yet, representation of these data in global databases is sparse, particularly beyond a handful of most used traits and common species. Here we present the CoRRE Trait Data, spanning 17 traits (9 categorical, 8 continuous) anticipated to predict species’ responses to global change for 4,079 vascular plant species across 173 plant families present in 390 grassland experiments from around the world. The dataset contains complete categorical trait records for all 4,079 plant species obtained from a comprehensive literature search, as well as nearly complete coverage (99.97%) of imputed continuous trait values for a subset of 2,927 plant species. These data will shed light on mechanisms underlying population, community, and ecosystem responses to global change in grasslands worldwide.

Published
2024
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2. Environmental versus phylogenetic controls on leaf nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in vascular plants

Author

Di Tian, Zhengbing Yan, Bernhard Schmid, Jens Kattge, Jingyun Fang, and Benjamin D. Stocker

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Global patterns of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry have been interpreted as reflecting phenotypic plasticity in response to the environment, or as an overriding effect of the distribution of species growing in their biogeochemical niches. Here, we balance these contrasting views. We compile a global dataset of 36,413 paired observations of leaf N and P concentrations, taxonomy and 45 environmental covariates, covering 7,549 sites and 3,700 species, to investigate how species identity and environmental variables control variations in mass-based leaf N and P concentrations, and the N:P ratio. We find within-species variation contributes around half of the total variation, with 29%, 31%, and 22% of leaf N, P, and N:P variation, respectively, explained by environmental variables. Within-species plasticity along environmental gradients varies across species and is highest for leaf N:P and lowest for leaf N. We identified effects of environmental variables on within-species variation using random forest models, whereas effects were largely missed by widely used linear mixed-effect models. Our analysis demonstrates a substantial influence of the environment in driving plastic responses of leaf N, P, and N:P within species, which challenges reports of a fixed biogeochemical niche and the overriding importance of species distributions in shaping global patterns of leaf N and P.

Published
2024
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3. ‘rtry’: An R package to support plant trait data preprocessing

Author

Olee Hoi Ying Lam, Jens Kattge, Susanne Tautenhahn, Gerhard Boenisch, Kyle R. Kovach, and Philip A. Townsend

Subjects
biodiversity, data cleaning, data preprocessing, plant trait, R package, TRY database, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Plant trait data are used to quantify how plants respond to environmental factors and can act as indicators of ecosystem function. Measured trait values are influenced by genetics, trade‐offs, competition, environmental conditions, and phenology. These interacting effects on traits are poorly characterized across taxa, and for many traits, measurement protocols are not standardized. As a result, ancillary information about growth and measurement conditions can be highly variable, requiring a flexible data structure. In 2007, the TRY initiative was founded as an integrated database of plant trait data, including ancillary attributes relevant to understanding and interpreting the trait values. The TRY database now integrates around 700 original and collective datasets and has become a central resource of plant trait data. These data are provided in a generic long‐table format, where a unique identifier links different trait records and ancillary data measured on the same entity. Due to the high number of trait records, plant taxa, and types of traits and ancillary data released from the TRY database, data preprocessing is necessary but not straightforward. Here, we present the ‘rtry’ R package, specifically designed to support plant trait data exploration and filtering. By integrating a subset of existing R functions essential for preprocessing, ‘rtry’ avoids the need for users to navigate the extensive R ecosystem and provides the functions under a consistent syntax. ‘rtry’ is therefore easy to use even for beginners in R. Notably, ‘rtry’ does not support data retrieval or analysis; rather, it focuses on the preprocessing tasks to optimize data quality. While ‘rtry’ primarily targets TRY data, its utility extends to data from other sources, such as the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). The ‘rtry’ package is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN; https://cran.r‐project.org/package=rtry) and the GitHub Wiki (https://github.com/MPI‐BGC‐Functional‐Biogeography/rtry/wiki) along with comprehensive documentation and vignettes describing detailed data preprocessing workflows.

Published
2024
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4. Leaf-level coordination principles propagate to the ecosystem scale

Author

Ulisse Gomarasca, Mirco Migliavacca, Jens Kattge, Jacob A. Nelson, Ülo Niinemets, Christian Wirth, Alessandro Cescatti, Michael Bahn, Richard Nair, Alicia T. R. Acosta, M. Altaf Arain, Mirela Beloiu, T. Andrew Black, Hans Henrik Bruun, Solveig Franziska Bucher, Nina Buchmann, Chaeho Byun, Arnaud Carrara, Adriano Conte, Ana C. da Silva, Gregory Duveiller, Silvano Fares, Andreas Ibrom, Alexander Knohl, Benjamin Komac, Jean-Marc Limousin, Christopher H. Lusk, Miguel D. Mahecha, David Martini, Vanessa Minden, Leonardo Montagnani, Akira S. Mori, Yusuke Onoda, Josep Peñuelas, Oscar Perez-Priego, Peter Poschlod, Thomas L. Powell, Peter B. Reich, Ladislav Šigut, Peter M. van Bodegom, Sophia Walther, Georg Wohlfahrt, Ian J. Wright, and Markus Reichstein

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Fundamental axes of variation in plant traits result from trade-offs between costs and benefits of resource-use strategies at the leaf scale. However, it is unclear whether similar trade-offs propagate to the ecosystem level. Here, we test whether trait correlation patterns predicted by three well-known leaf- and plant-level coordination theories – the leaf economics spectrum, the global spectrum of plant form and function, and the least-cost hypothesis – are also observed between community mean traits and ecosystem processes. We combined ecosystem functional properties from FLUXNET sites, vegetation properties, and community mean plant traits into three corresponding principal component analyses. We find that the leaf economics spectrum (90 sites), the global spectrum of plant form and function (89 sites), and the least-cost hypothesis (82 sites) all propagate at the ecosystem level. However, we also find evidence of additional scale-emergent properties. Evaluating the coordination of ecosystem functional properties may aid the development of more realistic global dynamic vegetation models with critical empirical data, reducing the uncertainty of climate change projections.

Published
2023
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5. Ten (mostly) simple rules to future‐proof trait data in ecological and evolutionary sciences

Author

Alexander Keller, Markus J. Ankenbrand, Helge Bruelheide, Stefanie Dekeyzer, Brian J. Enquist, Mohammad Bagher Erfanian, Daniel S. Falster, Rachael V. Gallagher, Jennifer Hammock, Jens Kattge, Sara D. Leonhardt, Joshua S. Madin, Brian Maitner, Margot Neyret, Renske E. Onstein, William D. Pearse, Jorrit H. Poelen, Roberto Salguero‐Gomez, Florian D. Schneider, Anikó B. Tóth, and Caterina Penone

Subjects
data life cycle, data science, FAIR principles, good practices, metadata, open science, Ecology, QH540-549.5, Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract Traits have become a crucial part of ecological and evolutionary sciences, helping researchers understand the function of an organism's morphology, physiology, growth and life history, with effects on fitness, behaviour, interactions with the environment and ecosystem processes. However, measuring, compiling and analysing trait data comes with data‐scientific challenges. We offer 10 (mostly) simple rules, with some detailed extensions, as a guide in making critical decisions that consider the entire life cycle of trait data. This article is particularly motivated by its last rule, that is, to propagate good practice. It has the intention of bringing awareness of how data on the traits of organisms can be collected and managed for reuse by the research community. Trait observations are relevant to a broad interdisciplinary community of field biologists, synthesis ecologists, evolutionary biologists, computer scientists and database managers. We hope these basic guidelines can be useful as a starter for active communication in disseminating such integrative knowledge and in how to make trait data future‐proof. We invite the scientific community to participate in this effort at http://opentraits.org/best‐practices.html.

Published
2023
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6. Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical forest ecology

Author

Edwin Pos, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Rafael P. Salomão, Iêda Leão Amaral, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Carolina V. Castilho, Oliver L. Phillips, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, Dairon Cárdenas López, William E. Magnusson, Florian Wittmann, Mariana Victória Irume, Maria Pires Martins, Daniel Sabatier, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, Jean-François Molino, Olaf S. Bánki, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, José Ferreira Ramos, Joseph E. Hawes, Everton José Almeida, Luciane Ferreira Barbosa, Larissa Cavalheiro, Márcia Cléia Vilela dos Santos, Bruno Garcia Luize, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, Percy Núñez Vargas, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, John Terborgh, Katia Regina Casula, Euridice N. Honorio Coronado, Juan Carlos Montero, Beatriz S. Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Ted R. Feldpausch, Alvaro Duque, Chris Baraloto, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Julien Engel, Pascal Petronelli, Charles Eugene Zartman, Timothy J. Killeen, Rodolfo Vasquez, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Rafael L. Assis, Jochen Schöngart, Hernán Castellanos, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Ana Andrade, José Luís Camargo, Layon O. Demarchi, William F. Laurance, Susan G. W. Laurance, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Maria Aparecida Lopes, José Leonardo Lima Magalhães, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento, Helder Lima de Queiroz, Gerardo A. C. Aymard, Roel Brienen, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Flávia R. C. Costa, Adriano Quaresma, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Pablo R. Stevenson, Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Hugo F. Mogollón, Leandro Valle Ferreira, James A. Comiskey, Freddie Draper, José Julio de Toledo, Gabriel Damasco, Nállarett Dávila, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Aline Lopes, Alberto Vicentini, Janaína Costa Noronha, Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, Rainiellen de Sá Carpanedo, Thaise Emilio, Carolina Levis, Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues, Juliana Schietti, Priscila Souza, Alfonso Alonso, Francisco Dallmeier, Vitor H. F. Gomes, Jon Lloyd, David Neill, Daniel Praia Portela de Aguiar, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Luzmila Arroyo, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Kenneth J. Feeley, Rogerio Gribel, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Jos Barlow, Erika Berenguer, Joice Ferreira, Paul V. A. Fine, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, Eliana M. Jimenez, Juan Carlos Licona, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Carlos A. Peres, Boris Eduardo Villa Zegarra, Carlos Cerón, Terry W. Henkel, Paul Maas, Marcos Silveira, Juliana Stropp, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Tim R. Baker, Doug Daly, Kyle G. Dexter, John Ethan Householder, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Toby Pennington, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Alfredo Fuentes, José Luis Marcelo Pena, Miles R. Silman, J. Sebastián Tello, Jerome Chave, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Anthony Di Fiore, Renato Richard Hilário, Juan Fernando Phillips, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Tinde R. van Andel, Patricio von Hildebrand, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, Émile Fonty, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Therany Gonzales, George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Bruce Hoffman, André Braga Junqueira, Yadvinder Malhi, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, Adriana Prieto, Agustín Rudas, Ademir R. Ruschel, Natalino Silva, César I. A. Vela, Vincent Antoine Vos, Egleé L. Zent, Stanford Zent, Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, Angela Cano, Diego F. Correa, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa, Bernardo Monteiro Flores, Milena Holmgren, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Alexandre A. Oliveira, Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Maira Rocha, Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller, Rodrigo Sierra, Milton Tirado, Maria Natalia Umaña, Geertje van der Heijden, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Corine Vriesendorp, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth R. Young, Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, Cláudia Baider, Henrik Balslev, Sasha Cárdenas, Luisa Fernanda Casas, William Farfan-Rios, Cid Ferreira, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Casimiro Mendoza, Italo Mesones, Armando Torres-Lezama, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Daniel Villarroel, Roderick Zagt, Miguel N. Alexiades, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Lionel Hernandez, William Milliken, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Susamar Pansini, Daniela Pauletto, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Gerhard Boenisch, Jens Kattge, Nathan Kraft, Aurora Levesley, Karina Melgaço, Georgia Pickavance, Lourens Poorter, and Hans ter Steege

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance distribution remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of important constraints via predictions using least biased probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest types and thirteen functional traits, representing major global axes of plant strategies. Results show that constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera explain eight times more of local relative abundances than constraints based on directional selection for specific functional traits, although the latter does show clear signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a quantitative insight by inference from large-scale data using cross-disciplinary methods, furthering our understanding of ecological dynamics.

Published
2023
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7. Climate-trait relationships exhibit strong habitat specificity in plant communities across Europe

Author

Stephan Kambach, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Fabio Attorre, Idoia Biurrun, Gerhard Boenisch, Gianmaria Bonari, Andraž Čarni, Maria Laura Carranza, Alessandro Chiarucci, Milan Chytrý, Jürgen Dengler, Emmanuel Garbolino, Valentin Golub, Behlül Güler, Ute Jandt, Jan Jansen, Anni Jašková, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Jens Kattge, Ilona Knollová, Gabriele Midolo, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Remigiusz Pielech, Valerijus Rašomavičius, Solvita Rūsiņa, Jozef Šibík, Zvjezdana Stančić, Angela Stanisci, Jens-Christian Svenning, Sergey Yamalov, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, and Helge Bruelheide

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Climatic variables are useful but often weak predictors of plant functional trait variation across ecosystems. Here the authors investigate how assigning plant communities to a habitat hierarchy improves the explanatory power of climate-trait relationships at the continental scale.

Published
2023
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8. The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset

Author

Sandra Díaz, Jens Kattge, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Ian J. Wright, Sandra Lavorel, Stéphane Dray, Björn Reu, Michael Kleyer, Christian Wirth, I. Colin Prentice, Eric Garnier, Gerhard Bönisch, Mark Westoby, Hendrik Poorter, Peter B. Reich, Angela T. Moles, John Dickie, Amy E. Zanne, Jérôme Chave, S. Joseph Wright, Serge N. Sheremetiev, Hervé Jactel, Christopher Baraloto, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Simon Pierce, Bill Shipley, Fernando Casanoves, Julia S. Joswig, Angela Günther, Valeria Falczuk, Nadja Rüger, Miguel D. Mahecha, Lucas D. Gorné, Bernard Amiaud, Owen K. Atkin, Michael Bahn, Dennis Baldocchi, Michael Beckmann, Benjamin Blonder, William Bond, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Kerry Brown, Sabina Burrascano, Chaeho Byun, Giandiego Campetella, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, F. Stuart Chapin, Brendan Choat, David Anthony Coomes, William K. Cornwell, Joseph Craine, Dylan Craven, Matteo Dainese, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo, Franciska T. de Vries, Tomas Ferreira Domingues, Brian J. Enquist, Jaime Fagúndez, Jingyun Fang, Fernando Fernández-Méndez, Maria T. Fernandez-Piedade, Henry Ford, Estelle Forey, Gregoire T. Freschet, Sophie Gachet, Rachael Gallagher, Walton Green, Greg R. Guerin, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Sandy P. Harrison, Wesley Neil Hattingh, Tianhua He, Thomas Hickler, Steven I. Higgins, Pedro Higuchi, Jugo Ilic, Robert B. Jackson, Adel Jalili, Steven Jansen, Fumito Koike, Christian König, Nathan Kraft, Koen Kramer, Holger Kreft, Ingolf Kühn, Hiroko Kurokawa, Eric G. Lamb, Daniel C. Laughlin, Michelle Leishman, Simon Lewis, Frédérique Louault, Ana C. M. Malhado, Peter Manning, Patrick Meir, Maurizio Mencuccini, Julie Messier, Regis Miller, Vanessa Minden, Jane Molofsky, Rebecca Montgomery, Gabriel Montserrat-Martí, Marco Moretti, Sandra Müller, Ülo Niinemets, Romà Ogaya, Kinga Öllerer, Vladimir Onipchenko, Yusuke Onoda, Wim A. Ozinga, Juli G. Pausas, Begoña Peco, Josep Penuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Clara Pladevall, Christine Römermann, Lawren Sack, Norma Salinas, Brody Sandel, Jordi Sardans, Brandon Schamp, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Fritz Schweingruber, Satomi Shiodera, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda Soudzilovskaia, Marko J. Spasojevic, Emily Swaine, Nathan Swenson, Susanne Tautenhahn, Ken Thompson, Alexia Totte, Rocío Urrutia-Jalabert, Fernando Valladares, Peter van Bodegom, François Vasseur, Kris Verheyen, Denis Vile, Cyrille Violle, Betsy von Holle, Patrick Weigelt, Evan Weiher, Michael C. Wiemann, Mathew Williams, Justin Wright, and Gerhard Zotz

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Measurement(s) plant trait Technology Type(s) various Factor Type(s) none Sample Characteristic - Organism Tracheophyta Sample Characteristic - Environment natural environment Sample Characteristic - Location global

Published
2022
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9. Global relationships in tree functional traits

Author

Daniel S. Maynard, Lalasia Bialic-Murphy, Constantin M. Zohner, Colin Averill, Johan van den Hoogen, Haozhi Ma, Lidong Mo, Gabriel Reuben Smith, Alicia T. R. Acosta, Isabelle Aubin, Erika Berenguer, Coline C. F. Boonman, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Arildo S. Dias, Andrés González-Melo, Peter Hietz, Christopher H. Lusk, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Valério D. Pillar, Bruno X. Pinho, Julieta A. Rosell, Frank M. Schurr, Serge N. Sheremetev, Ana Carolina da Silva, Ênio Sosinski, Peter M. van Bodegom, Evan Weiher, Gerhard Bönisch, Jens Kattge, and Thomas W. Crowther

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Understanding patterns in woody plant trait relationships and trade-offs is challenging. Here, by applying machine learning and data imputation methods to a global database of georeferenced trait measurements, the authors unravel key relationships in tree functional traits at the global scale.

Published
2022
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10. Is Australia weird? A cross-continental comparison of biological, geological and climatological features

Author

Habacuc Flores-Moreno, Rhiannon L. Dalrymple, Will K. Cornwell, Gordana Popovic, Shinichi Nakagawa, Joe Atkinson, Julia Cooke, Shawn W. Laffan, Stephen P. Bonser, Lisa E. Schwanz, Angela J. Crean, David J. Eldridge, Michael Garratt, Robert C. Brooks, Adriana Vergés, Alistair G. B. Poore, David R. Cohen, Graeme F. Clark, Alex Sen Gupta, Peter B. Reich, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Joseph M. Craine, Frank A. Hemmings, Jens Kattge, Ülo Niinemets, Josep Peñuelas, and Angela T. Moles

Subjects
continent, global comparison, biological, geological, climatological, macroecology, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Australia’s distinctive biogeography means that it is sometimes considered an ecologically unique continent with biological and abiotic features that are not comparable to those observed in the rest of the world. This leaves some researchers unclear as to whether findings from Australia apply to systems elsewhere (or vice-versa), which has consequences for the development of ecological theory and the application of ecological management principles. We analyzed 594,612 observations spanning 85 variables describing global climate, soil, geochemistry, plants, animals, and ecosystem function to test if Australia is broadly different to the other continents and compare how different each continent is from the global mean. We found significant differences between Australian and global means for none of 15 climate variables, only seven of 25 geochemistry variables, three of 16 soil variables, five of 12 plant trait variables, four of 11 animal variables, and one of five ecosystem function variables. Seven of these differences remained significant when we adjusted for multiple hypothesis testing: high soil pH, high soil concentrations of sodium and strontium, a high proportion of nitrogen-fixing plants, low plant leaf nitrogen concentration, low annual production rate to birth in mammals, and low marine productivity. Our analyses reveal numerous similarities between Australia and Africa and highlight dissimilarities between continents in the northern vs. southern hemispheres. Australia ranked the most distinctive continent for 26 variables, more often than Europe (15 variables), Africa (13 variables), Asia (12 variables each), South America (11 variables) or North America (8 variables). Australia was distinctive in a range of soil conditions and plant traits, and a few bird and mammal traits, tending to sit at a more extreme end of variation for some variables related to resource availability. However, combined analyses revealed that, overall, Australia is not significantly more different to the global mean than Africa, South America, or Europe. In conclusion, while Australia does have some unique and distinctive features, this is also true for each of the other continents, and the data do not support the idea that Australia is an overall outlier in its biotic or abiotic characteristics.

Published
2023
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11. Functional rarity of plants in German hay meadows — Patterns on the species level and mismatches with community species richness

Author

Gabriel Walther, Ute Jandt, Jens Kattge, and Christine Römermann

Subjects
environmental conditions, European grasslands, functional rarity, mesic grasslands, species rarity, trait distinctiveness, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Functional rarity (FR) — a feature combining a species' rarity with the distinctiveness of its traits — is a promising tool to better understand the ecological importance of rare species and consequently to protect functional diversity more efficiently. However, we lack a systematic understanding of FR on both the species level (which species are functionally rare and why) and the community level (how is FR associated with biodiversity and environmental conditions). Here, we quantify FR for 218 plant species from German hay meadows on a local, regional, and national scale by combining data from 6500 vegetation relevés and 15 ecologically relevant traits. We investigate the association between rarity and trait distinctiveness on different spatial scales via correlation measures and show which traits lead to low or high trait distinctiveness via distance‐based redundancy analysis. We test how species richness and FR are correlated, and use boosted regression trees to determine environmental conditions that are driving species richness and FR. On the local scale, only rare species showed high trait distinctiveness while on larger spatial scales rare and common species showed high trait distinctiveness. As infrequent trait attributes (e.g., legumes, low clonality) led to higher trait distinctiveness, we argue that functionally rare species are either specialists or transients. While specialists occupy a particular niche in hay meadows leading to lower rarity on larger spatial scales, transients display distinct but maladaptive traits resulting in high rarity across all spatial scales. More functionally rare species than expected by chance occurred in species‐poor communities indicating that they prefer environmental conditions differing from characteristic conditions of species‐rich hay meadows. Finally, we argue that functionally rare species are not necessarily relevant for nature conservation because many were transients from surrounding habitats. However, FR can facilitate our understanding of why species are rare in a habitat and under which conditions these species occur.

Published
2022
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12. Comprehensive leaf size traits dataset for seven plant species from digitised herbarium specimen images covering more than two centuries

Author

Vamsi Krishna Kommineni, Susanne Tautenhahn, Pramod Baddam, Jitendra Gaikwad, Barbara Wieczorek, Abdelaziz Triki, and Jens Kattge

Subjects
morphological leaf traits, leaf size, leaf length, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Morphological leaf traits are frequently used to quantify, understand and predict plant and vegetation functional diversity and ecology, including environmental and climate change responses. Although morphological leaf traits are easy to measure, their coverage for characterising variation within species and across temporal scales is limited. At the same time, there are about 3100 herbaria worldwide, containing approximately 390 million plant specimens dating from the 16th to 21st century, which can potentially be used to extract morphological leaf traits. Globally plant specimens are rapidly getting digitised, and images are made openly available via various biodiversity data platforms such as iDigBio and GBIF. Based on a pilot study to identify the availability and appropriateness of herbarium specimen images for comprehensive trait data extraction, we developed a spatio-temporal dataset on intraspecific trait variability containing 128,036 morphological leaf trait measurements for seven selected species. After scrutinizing the metadata of digitised herbarium specimen images available from iDigBio and GBIF (21.9 million and 31.6 million images for Tracheophyta; accessed date December 2020), we identified approximately 10 million images potentially appropriate for our study. From the 10 million images, we selected seven species (Salix bebbiana Sarg., Alnus incana (L.) Moench, Viola canina L., Salix glauca L., Chenopodium album L., Impatiens capensis Meerb., Solanum dulcamara L.), which have a simple leaf shape, are well represented in space and time, and have high availability of specimens per species. We downloaded 17,383 images. Out of these, we discarded 5779 images due to quality issues. The remaining 11,604 images were used to measure the area, length, width and perimeter on 32,009 individual leaf blades using the semi-automated tool TraitEx. The resulting dataset contains 128,036 trait records.We demonstrate its comparability to trait data measured in natural environments following standard protocols by comparing trait values from the TRY database. We conclude that the herbarium specimens provide valuable information on leaf sizes. The dataset created in our study, by extracting leaf traits from the digitised herbarium specimen images of seven selected species, is a promising opportunity to improve ecological knowledge about the adaptation of size-related leaf traits to environmental changes in space and time.

Published
2021
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13. PhenoSpace: A Shiny application to visualize trait data in the phenotypic space of the global spectrum of plant form and function

Author

Jules Segrestin, Kevin Sartori, Marie‐Laure Navas, Jens Kattge, Sandra Díaz, and Eric Garnier

Subjects
comparative plant ecology, functional dimensions, plant phenotypes, plant traits, trait variation, user‐friendly application, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract A recent analysis of variation in six major traits conducted on a large worldwide sample of vascular plant species showed that three‐quarters of trait variation was captured by a two‐dimensional global spectrum of plant form and function (“global spectrum” hereafter). We developed the PhenoSpace application, whose aim is to visualize and export the position of any individual/population/species in the phenotypic space of the global spectrum. PhenoSpace is a Shiny application that helps users to manipulate and visualize data pertaining to the global spectrum of plant form and function. It is freely accessible at the following URL: https://shiny.cefe.cnrs.fr/PhenoSpace/. PhenoSpace has three main functionalities. First, it allows users to visualize the phenotypic space of the global spectrum using different combinations of traits and growth forms. Second, trait data from any new user‐defined dataset can be projected onto the phenotypic space of the global spectrum, provided that at least two of the six traits are available. Finally, figures produced and loadings of the imported data on the PCA axes can be downloaded, allowing users to conduct further analyses. PhenoSpace fulfills the practical goal of positioning plants in the phenotypic space of the global spectrum, making it possible to compare trait variation at any level of organization against the worldwide background. This serves a major aim of comparative plant ecology, which is to put specific sets of individuals, populations or species into a broader context, facilitating comparison and synthesis of results across different continents and environments using relevant indicators of plant design and function.

Published
2021
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14. Seeing the Canopy for the Branches: Improved Within Canopy Scaling of Leaf Nitrogen

Author

Ethan E. Butler, Ming Chen, Daniel Ricciuto, Habacuc Flores‐Moreno, Kirk R. Wythers, Jens Kattge, Peter E. Thornton, and Peter B. Reich

Subjects
climate, modeling, vegetation, land surface, photosynthesis, nitrogen, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Abstract Transitioning across biological scales is a central challenge in land surface models. Processes that operate at the scale of individual leaves must be scaled to canopies, and this is done using dedicated submodels. Here, we focus on a submodel that prescribes how light and nitrogen are distributed through plant canopies. We found a mathematical inconsistency in a submodel implemented in the Community and Energy Land Models (CLM and ELM), which incorporates twigs, branches, stems, and dead leaves in nitrogen scaling from leaf to canopy. The inconsistency leads to unrealistic (physically impossible) values of the nitrogen scaling coefficient. The mathematical inconsistency is a general mistake, that is, would occur in any model adopting this particular submodel. We resolve the inconsistency by allowing distinct profiles of stems and branches versus living leaves. We implemented the updated scheme in the ELM and find that the correction reduces global mean gross primary production (GPP) by 3.9 Pg C (3%). Further, when stems and branches are removed from the canopy in the updated model (akin to models that ignore shading from stems), global GPP increases by 4.1 Pg C (3.2%), because of reduced shading. Hence, models that entirely ignore stem shading also introduce errors in the global spatial distribution of GPP estimates, with a strong signal in the tropics, increasing GPP there by over 200 g C m−2 yr−1. Appropriately incorporating stems and other nonphotosynthesizing material into the light and nitrogen scaling routines of global land models, will improve their biological realism and accuracy.

Published
2020
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15. Assessing Impacts of Plant Stoichiometric Traits on Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Accumulation Using the E3SM Land Model

Author

Qing Zhu, William J. Riley, Colleen M. Iversen, and Jens Kattge

Subjects
carbon‐nutrient interactions, earth system land model (E3SM), future ecosystem carbon accumulation, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Abstract Carbon (C) enters into the terrestrial ecosystems via photosynthesis and cycles through the system together with other essential nutrients (i.e., nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]). Such a strong coupling of C, N, and P leads to the theoretical prediction that limited nutrient availability will limit photosynthesis rate, plant growth, and future terrestrial C dynamics. However, the lack of reliable information about plant tissue stoichiometric constraints remains a challenge for quantifying nutrient limitations on projected global C cycling. In this study, we harmonized observed plant tissue C:N:P stoichiometry from more than 6,000 plant species with the commonly used plant functional type framework in global land models. Using observed C:N:P stoichiometry and the flexibility of these ratios as emergent plant traits, we show that observationally constrained fixed plant stoichiometry does not improve model estimates of present‐day C dynamics compared with unconstrained stoichiometry. However, adopting stoichiometric flexibility significantly improves model predictions of C fluxes and stocks. The 21st century simulations with RCP8.5 CO2 concentrations show that stoichiometric flexibility, rather than baseline stoichiometric ratios, is the dominant controller of plant productivity and ecosystem C accumulation in modeled responses to CO2 fertilization. The enhanced nutrient limitations and plant P use efficiency mainly explain this result. This study is consistent with the previous consensus that nutrient availability will limit xfuture land carbon sequestration but challenges the idea that imbalances between C and nutrient supplies and fixed stoichiometry limit future land C sinks. We show here that it is necessary to represent nutrient stoichiometric flexibility in models to accurately project future terrestrial ecosystem carbon sequestration.

Published
2020
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16. Taxonomic and functional turnover are decoupled in European peat bogs

Author

Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Vincent E. J. Jassey, Richard J. Payne, Magalí Martí, Luca Bragazza, Albert Bleeker, Alexandre Buttler, Simon J. M. Caporn, Nancy B. Dise, Jens Kattge, Katarzyna Zając, Bo H. Svensson, Jasper van Ruijven, and Jos T. A. Verhoeven

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Peatland plant communities are expected to be affected by environmental change, though how assemblages respond is not fully understood. Here, Robroek et al. show that peatland species occur in two distinct clusters, and functional identity and redundancy was maintained under taxonomic turnover.

Published
2017
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17. Biodiversity data integration-the significance of data resolution and domain.

Author

Christian König, Patrick Weigelt, Julian Schrader, Amanda Taylor, Jens Kattge, and Holger Kreft

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Recent years have seen an explosion in the availability of biodiversity data describing the distribution, function, and evolutionary history of life on earth. Integrating these heterogeneous data remains a challenge due to large variations in observational scales, collection purposes, and terminologies. Here, we conceptualize widely used biodiversity data types according to their domain (what aspect of biodiversity is described?) and informational resolution (how specific is the description?). Applying this framework to major data providers in biodiversity research reveals a strong focus on the disaggregated end of the data spectrum, whereas aggregated data types remain largely underutilized. We discuss the implications of this imbalance for the scope and representativeness of current macroecological research and highlight the synergies arising from a tighter integration of biodiversity data across domains and resolutions. We lay out effective strategies for data collection, mobilization, imputation, and sharing and summarize existing frameworks for scalable and integrative biodiversity research. Finally, we use two case studies to demonstrate how the explicit consideration of data domain and resolution helps to identify biases and gaps in global data sets and achieve unprecedented taxonomic and geographical data coverage in macroecological analyses.

Published
2019
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18. Updated respiration routines alter spatio-temporal patterns of carbon cycling in a global land surface model

Author

Ethan E Butler, Kirk R Wythers, Habacuc Flores-Moreno, Ming Chen, Abhirup Datta, Daniel M Ricciuto, Owen K Atkin, Jens Kattge, Peter E Thornton, Arindam Banerjee, and Peter B Reich

Subjects
global, carbon cycle, respiration, land surface model, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We updated the routines used to estimate leaf maintenance respiration (MR) in the Energy Land Model (ELM) using a comprehensive global respiration data base. The updated algorithm includes a temperature acclimating base rate, an updated instantaneous temperature response, and new plant functional type specific parameters. The updated MR algorithm resulted in a very large increase in global MR of 16.1 Pg (38%), but the signal was not geographically uniform. The increase was concentrated in the tropics and humid warm-temperate forests. The increase in MR led to large but proportionally smaller decreases in global net primary production (19%) and in average global leaf area index (15%). The effect on global gross primary production (GPP) was a more modest 5.7 Pg (4%). A detailed site level analysis also demonstrated a wide range of effects the updated algorithm can have on the seasonal cycle of GPP. Output from the updated and old models did not differ markedly in how closely they matched a suite of benchmarks. Given the substantial impact on the land surface carbon cycle, a neutral influence on model benchmarks, and better alignment with empirical evidence, an MR algorithm similar to the one presented here should be adopted into ELM.

Published
2021
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19. Functional Resilience against Climate-Driven Extinctions - Comparing the Functional Diversity of European and North American Tree Floras.

Author

Mario Liebergesell, Björn Reu, Ulrike Stahl, Martin Freiberg, Erik Welk, Jens Kattge, J Hans C Cornelissen, Josep Peñuelas, and Christian Wirth

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Future global change scenarios predict a dramatic loss of biodiversity for many regions in the world, potentially reducing the resistance and resilience of ecosystem functions. Once before, during Plio-Pleistocene glaciations, harsher climatic conditions in Europe as compared to North America led to a more depauperate tree flora. Here we hypothesize that this climate driven species loss has also reduced functional diversity in Europe as compared to North America. We used variation in 26 traits for 154 North American and 66 European tree species and grid-based co-occurrences derived from distribution maps to compare functional diversity patterns of the two continents. First, we identified similar regions with respect to contemporary climate in the temperate zone of North America and Europe. Second, we compared the functional diversity of both continents and for the climatically similar sub-regions using the functional dispersion-index (FDis) and the functional richness index (FRic). Third, we accounted in these comparisons for grid-scale differences in species richness, and, fourth, investigated the associated trait spaces using dimensionality reduction. For gymnosperms we find similar functional diversity on both continents, whereas for angiosperms functional diversity is significantly greater in Europe than in North America. These results are consistent across different scales, for climatically similar regions and considering species richness patterns. We decomposed these differences in trait space occupation into differences in functional diversity vs. differences in functional identity. We show that climate-driven species loss on a continental scale might be decoupled from or at least not linearly related to changes in functional diversity. This might be important when analyzing the effects of climate-driven biodiversity change on ecosystem functioning.

Published
2016
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20. Global Estimation of Biophysical Variables from Google Earth Engine Platform

Author

Manuel Campos-Taberner, Álvaro Moreno-Martínez, Francisco Javier García-Haro, Gustau Camps-Valls, Nathaniel P. Robinson, Jens Kattge, and Steven W. Running

Subjects
Google Earth Engine, LAI, FVC, FAPAR, CWC, plant traits, random forests, PROSAIL, Science
Abstract

This paper proposes a processing chain for the derivation of global Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Fraction Vegetation Cover (FVC), and Canopy water content (CWC) maps from 15-years of MODIS data exploiting the capabilities of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. The retrieval chain is based on a hybrid method inverting the PROSAIL radiative transfer model (RTM) with Random forests (RF) regression. A major feature of this work is the implementation of a retrieval chain exploiting the GEE capabilities using global and climate data records (CDR) of both MODIS surface reflectance and LAI/FAPAR datasets allowing the global estimation of biophysical variables at unprecedented timeliness. We combine a massive global compilation of leaf trait measurements (TRY), which is the baseline for more realistic leaf parametrization for the considered RTM, with large amounts of remote sensing data ingested by GEE. Moreover, the proposed retrieval chain includes the estimation of both FVC and CWC, which are not operationally produced for the MODIS sensor. The derived global estimates are validated over the BELMANIP2.1 sites network by means of an inter-comparison with the MODIS LAI/FAPAR product available in GEE. Overall, the retrieval chain exhibits great consistency with the reference MODIS product (R2 = 0.87, RMSE = 0.54 m2/m2 and ME = 0.03 m2/m2 in the case of LAI, and R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.09 and ME = 0.05 in the case of FAPAR). The analysis of the results by land cover type shows the lowest correlations between our retrievals and the MODIS reference estimates (R2 = 0.42 and R2 = 0.41 for LAI and FAPAR, respectively) for evergreen broadleaf forests. These discrepancies could be attributed mainly to different product definitions according to the literature. The provided results proof that GEE is a suitable high performance processing tool for global biophysical variable retrieval for a wide range of applications.

Published
2018
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21. Sampling date, leaf age and root size: implications for the study of plant C:N:p stoichiometry.

Author

Haiyang Zhang, Honghui Wu, Qiang Yu, Zhengwen Wang, Cunzheng Wei, Min Long, Jens Kattge, Melinda Smith, and Xingguo Han

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Plant carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus (C:N:P) ratios are powerful indicators of diverse ecological processes. During plant development and growth, plant C:N:P stoichiometry responds to environmental conditions and physiological constraints. However, variations caused by effects of sampling (i.e. sampling date, leaf age and root size) often have been neglected in previous studies. We investigated the relative contributions of sampling date, leaf age, root size and species identity to stoichiometric flexibility in a field mesocosm study and a natural grassland in Inner Mongolia. We found that sampling date, leaf age, root size and species identity all significantly affected C:N:P stoichiometry both in the pot study as well as in the field. Overall, C:N and C:P ratios increased significantly over time and with increasing leaf age and root size, while the dynamics of N:P ratios depended on species identity. Our results suggest that attempts to synthesize C:N:P stoichiometry data across studies that span regional to global scales and include many species need to better account for temporal variation.

Published
2013
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22. The coordination of leaf photosynthesis links C and N fluxes in C3 plant species.

Author

Vincent Maire, Pierre Martre, Jens Kattge, François Gastal, Gerd Esser, Sébastien Fontaine, and Jean-François Soussana

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Photosynthetic capacity is one of the most sensitive parameters in vegetation models and its relationship to leaf nitrogen content links the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Process understanding for reliably predicting photosynthetic capacity is still missing. To advance this understanding we have tested across C(3) plant species the coordination hypothesis, which assumes nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic processes such that photosynthesis tends to be co-limited by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and regeneration. The coordination hypothesis yields an analytical solution to predict photosynthetic capacity and calculate area-based leaf nitrogen content (N(a)). The resulting model linking leaf photosynthesis, stomata conductance and nitrogen investment provides testable hypotheses about the physiological regulation of these processes. Based on a dataset of 293 observations for 31 species grown under a range of environmental conditions, we confirm the coordination hypothesis: under mean environmental conditions experienced by leaves during the preceding month, RuBP carboxylation equals RuBP regeneration. We identify three key parameters for photosynthetic coordination: specific leaf area and two photosynthetic traits (k(3), which modulates N investment and is the ratio of RuBP carboxylation/oxygenation capacity (V(Cmax)) to leaf photosynthetic N content (N(pa)); and J(fac), which modulates photosynthesis for a given k(3) and is the ratio of RuBP regeneration capacity (J(max)) to V(Cmax)). With species-specific parameter values of SLA, k(3) and J(fac), our leaf photosynthesis coordination model accounts for 93% of the total variance in N(a) across species and environmental conditions. A calibration by plant functional type of k(3) and J(fac) still leads to accurate model prediction of N(a), while SLA calibration is essentially required at species level. Observed variations in k(3) and J(fac) are partly explained by environmental and phylogenetic constraints, while SLA variation is partly explained by phylogeny. These results open a new avenue for predicting photosynthetic capacity and leaf nitrogen content in vegetation models.

Published
2012
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23. Global photosynthetic capacity is optimized to the environment

Author

Nicholas G. Smith, Trevor F. Keenan, I. Colin Prentice, Han Wang, Ian J. Wright, Ülo Niinemets, Kristine Y. Crous, Tomas F. Domingues, Rossella Guerrieri, F. Yoko Ishida, Jens Kattge, Eric L. Kruger, Vincent Maire, Alistair Rogers, Shawn P. Serbin, Lasse Tarvainen, Henrique F. Togashi, Philip A. Townsend, Meng Wang, Lasantha K. Weerasinghe, and Shuang‐Xi Zhou

Published
2019
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25. Trade‐offs and synergies between ecosystem productivity and stability in temperate grasslands

Author

Lucie Mahaut, Philippe Choler, Pierre Denelle, Eric Garnier, Wilfried Thuiller, Jens Kattge, Servane Lemauviel‐Lavenant, Sandra Lavorel, François Munoz, Delphine Renard, Josep M. Serra‐Diaz, Nicolas Viovy, Cyrille Violle, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Aim: It is crucial to monitor how the productivity of grasslands varies with its temporal stability for management of these ecosystems. However, identifying the direction of the productivity-stability relationship remains challenging because ecological stability has multiple components that can display neutral, positive or negative covariations. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the direction of the productivity-stability relationship depends on the biotic interactions and abiotic conditions that underlie ecosystem productivity and stability. We decipher the relationships between grassland productivity and two components of its stability in four habitat types with contrasting environments and flora.

Published
2023

26. Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change

Author

Wu-Bing Xu, Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian J. Enquist, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Benjamin Komac, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Ke-Ping Ma, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Matthew J. Pound, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Miao Sun, Ênio E. Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter M. van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Jingming Zheng, Jens-Christian Svenning, Alejandro Ordonez, Enquist, Brian J/0000-0002-6124-7096, Pillar, Valerio/0000-0001-6408-2891, Bruun, Hans Henrik/0000-0003-0674-2577, Eiserhardt, Wolf/0000-0002-8136-5233, Serra-Diaz, Josep, M/0000-0003-1988-1154, Sun, Miao/0000-0001-5701-0478, Schrodt, Franziska/0000-0001-9053-8872, Catford, Jane/0000-0003-0582-5960, Martin, Adam Robert/0000-0002-7207-4004, de Frutos, Angel/0000-0002-5250-9488, Xu, Wubing/0000-0002-6566-4452, Xu, Wu-Bing, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Enquist, Brian J., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michael, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacon-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He , Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Ma, Ke-Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Uelo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E., Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valerio D., Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J., Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski Jr, Enio E., SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter M., van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Ordonez, Alejandro, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Climate Change, Aquatic Ecology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biodiversity, Climate Action, Magnoliopsida, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Humans, Life Science, Life Below Water, Phylogeny
Abstract

As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleo-climate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (rich-ness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta -di-versity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally se-lective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide. W.-B.X. and A.O. acknowledge support from the Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF) Starting Grant (AUFF-F-2018-7-8). J.-C.S. acknowledges support from the Danish Council for Independent Research|Natural Sciences (grant 6108-00078B) to the TREECHANGE Project. J.-C.S. also considers this work a contribution to the Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) funded by Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF173) and the VILLUM Investigator project “Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World” funded by VILLUM FONDEN (grant 16549). W.L.E. was supported by the VILLUM FONDEN (grant 00025354). M.A. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grants program. C.B. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2022R1A2C1003504). A.G.G. was supported by the ANID PIA/BASAL (grant FB210006) and FONDECYT (grant 1200468). R.E.O. was supported by the German Research Foundation to German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG-FZT 118, 202548816). J.Pe. was supported by the Fundación Ramón Areces project (CIVP20A6621) and Spanish Government project (PID2019-110521GB-I00). J.Pi. was supported by the Estonian Research Council Grants (PUT1355, PRG 1405) and Mobilitas Pluss (MOBERC11). V.D.P. was supported by the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) of Brazil (grant 307689/2014-0).

Published
2023

27. Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical forest ecology

Author

Bruno Garcia Luize, Milton Tirado, Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Toby Pennington, Juliana Schietti, Aurora Levesley, Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, Lourens Poorter, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Egleé L. Zent, Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues, Everton José Almeida, Pascal Petronelli, Maria Aparecida Lopes, Diego Correa, William Milliken, Daniel Praia Portela de Aguiar, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Italo Mesones, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, Corine Vriesendorp, Doug Daly, Katia Regina Casula, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Erika Berenguer, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Rafael L. Assis, Jens Kattge, Juliana Stropp, Edwin Pos, Henrik Balslev, Paul J. M. Maas, Ophelia Wang, José Ferreira Ramos, Jon Lloyd, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Vitor Hugo Freitas Gomes, Timothy R. Baker, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Jérôme Chave, Carolina V. Castilho, María Natalia Umaña, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Hans ter Steege, Hernán Castellanos, Nállarett Dávila, Lionel Hernández, Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, Julien Engel, Olaf Bánki, Ángela Cano, Luiz de Souza Coelho, Gerhard Boenisch, Priscila Souza, André Braga Junqueira, Jochen Schöngart, Juan Fernando Phillips, Cid Ferreira, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Kenneth R. Young, Agustín Rudas, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Cláudia Baider, Mariana Victória Irume, Terry W. Henkel, Márcia Cléia Vilela dos Santos, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Timothy J. Killeen, Daniel Villarroel, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, Stanford Zent, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Georgia Pickavance, Daniela Pauletto, Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Rainiellen de Sá Carpanedo, Émile Fonty, Daniel Sabatier, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Maíra da Rocha, William E. Magnusson, Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Renato R. Hilário, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Charles E. Zartman, Karina Melgaço, Layon Oreste Demarchi, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Joseph E. Hawes, Janaina da Costa de Noronha, Maria Pires Martins, Larissa Cavalheiro, Miles R. Silman, Francisco Dallmeier, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Jos Barlow, Milena Holmgren, Carlos A. Peres, William F. Laurance, Casimiro Mendoza, Roderick Zagt, Percy Núñez Vargas, Juan Carlos Licona, Sasha Cárdenas, John Terborgh, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Susamar Pansini, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Ted R. Feldpausch, César I.A. Vela, Oliver L. Phillips, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, José Julio de Toledo, Therany Gonzales, Kenneth J. Feeley, Ana Andrade, Patricio von Hildebrand, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Joice Ferreira, Jean-François Molino, Adriana Prieto, Christopher Baraloto, Jean-Louis Guillaumet, Luzmila Arroyo, Alvaro Duque, Alfonso Alonso, Yadvinder Malhi, Carlos Cerón, Anthony Di Fiore, J. Sebastián Tello, Luciane Ferreira Barbosa, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, José Leonardo Lima Magalhães, Carolina Levis, Rodrigo Sierra, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Iêda Leão do Amaral, William Farfan-Rios, Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, C Gerardo Aymard, Natalino Silva, Hugo Mogollón, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Paul V. A. Fine, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Adriano Costa Quaresma, Florian Wittmann, Vincent A. Vos, José Luís Camargo, Fernanda Carvalho, Tinde van Andel, Rogério Gribel, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Roel J. W. Brienen, Juan Carlos Montero, Alberto Vicentini, Freddie Draper, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Boris Eduardo Villa Zegarra, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, E. M. Jimenez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Bruce Hoffman, Dairon Cárdenas López, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, Helder Lima de Queiroz, John Ethan Householder, Gabriel Damasco, Bernardo M. Flores, Kyle G. Dexter, Pablo R. Stevenson, Miguel Alexiades, Aline Lopes, Alexandre S. Oliveira, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Flávia R. C. Costa, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Jose L. Pena, Marcelo F. Simon, Thaise Emilio, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Oliveira, Alexandre A [0000-0001-5526-8109], University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ONF - Direction régionale de la Guyane [Cayenne], and Office national des forêts (ONF)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Geography & travel, Bioinformatics, Ecology (disciplines), Entropy, Forests, Information theory, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Computational biology, thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamics, Econometrics, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Stabilizing selection, Relative abundance distribution, Ecosystem, ddc:910, Mathematics, MCC, Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, GE, Ecology, Principle of maximum entropy, 3rd-DAS, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Plants, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Biosystematiek, Computational biology and bioinformatics, Complex dynamics, Quantitative analysis (finance), Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, FOS: Biological sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biosystematics, Probability distribution, Statistical physics, GE Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Funding: Floristic identification in plots in the RAINFOR forest monitoring network have been supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (grants NE/B503384/1, NE/ D01025X/1, NE/I02982X/1, NE/F005806/1, NE/D005590/1 and NE/I028122/1) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance distribution remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of important constraints via predictions using least biased probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest types and thirteen functional traits, representing major global axes of plant strategies. Results show that constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera explain eight times more of local relative abundances than constraints based on directional selection for specific functional traits, although the latter does show clear signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a quantitative insight by inference from large-scale data using cross-disciplinary methods, furthering our understanding of ecological dynamics. Publisher PDF

Published
2023

28. Root traits catching up

Author

Jens Kattge

Subjects
Phenotype, Physiology, Plant Science, Plant Roots
Published
2022

29. High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Author

Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Kun Guo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Tamir Klein, Benjamin Komac, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Ênio Egon Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Ian J. Wright, Wu-Bing Xu, Jingming Zheng, Brian J. Enquist, Jens-Christian Svenning, Aarhus University [Aarhus], East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Arizona, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Département des Science, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Andong National University, King‘s College London, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Cearà, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Schrodt, Franziska/0000-0001-9053-8872, Bruun, Hans, Henrik/0000-0003-0674-2577, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda/0000-0002-9584-2109, He, Tianhua/0000-0002-0924-3637, Adam/0000-0002-7207-4004, Serra-Diaz, Josep M/0000-0003-1988-1154, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michael, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacon-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Guo, Kun, Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He , Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein , Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ulo, Onoda, Yusuke, Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valerio D., Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Enio Egon, SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J., Xu, Wu-Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Systems Ecology, WEN-YONG GUO, JOSEP M. SERRA-DIAZE, FRANZISKA SCHRODTF, WOLF L. EISERHARDT, BRIAN S. MAITNER, CORY MEROW, CYRILLE VIOLLEJ, MADHUR ANAND, MICHA?EL BELLUAU, HANS HENRIK BRUUN, CHAEHO BYUN, JANE A. CATFORD, BRUNO E. L. CERABOLINI, EDUARDO CHACÓN-MADRIGAL, DANIELA CICCARELLI, J. HANS C. CORNELISSEN, ANH TUAN DANG-LE, ANGEL DE FRUTOS, ARILDO S. DIAS, AELTON B. GIROLDO, KUN GUO, ALVARO G. GUTIÉRREZ, WESLEY HATTINGH, TIANHUA HE, PETER HIETZ, NATE HOUGH-SNEE, STEVEN JANSEN, JENS KATTGE, TAMIR KLEIN, BENJAMIN KOMAC, NATHAN J. B. KRAFT, KOEN KRAMER, SANDRA LAVOREL, CHRISTOPHER H. LUSK, ADAM R. MARTIN, MAURIZIO MENCUCCINI, SEAN T. MICHALETZ, VANESSA MINDENT, AKIRA S. MORI, ÜLO NIINEMETS, YUSUKE ONODA, JOSEP PEÑUELAS, VALÉRIO D. PILLAR, JAN PISEK, BJORN J. M. ROBROEK, BRANDON SCHAMP, MARTIJN SLOT, ENIO EGON SOSINSKI JUNIOR, CPACT, NADEJDA A. SOUDZILOVSKAIA, NELSON THIFFAULT, PETER VAN BODEGOM, FONS VAN DER PLAS, IAN J. WRIGHT, WU-BING XU, JINGMING ZHENG, BRIAN J. ENQUIST, JENS-CHRISTIAN SVENNING., Biology, and General Botany and Nature Management

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Life on Land, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Trees, Filosofie, tree species, Humans, biodiversity j conservation frameworks j land use j protected areas j tree species, Área protegida, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, SDG 15 - Life on Land, biodiversity, Multidisciplinary, conservation frameworks, Conservação, Anthropogenic Effects, Biodiversidade, Aquatic Ecology, land use, Árvore, Philosophy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, protected areas
Abstract

Safeguarding Earth?s tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species? range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting highpriority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species? range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity. Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-21T15:23:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guo-et-al.-2022-PNAS-High-exposure-of-global-tree-diversity-to-human-pressure.pdf: 2523289 bytes, checksum: 245be3df3fb487ed152d25bf50f4e984 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Published
2022

30. Climatic and evolutionary contexts are required to infer plant life history strategies from functional traits at a global scale

Author

Josep Peñuelas, Andrew L. Jackson, Simon Pierce, Jens Kattge, Yvonne M. Buckley, Kevin Healy, Madhur Anand, Michael Bahn, Ülo Niinemets, John M. Dwyer, Ruth Kelly, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Bruno Enrico Leone Cerabolini, Roberto Salguero-Gómez, Maude E.A. Baudraz, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, comparative demography, Ecology (disciplines), Context (language use), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, ecological strategies, Life history theory, matrix population model, evolution, population dynamics, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Life History Traits, climate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Extinction, multivariate modelling, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Botany, Global change, 15. Life on land, Plants, Maturity (finance), Biological Evolution, Geography, Phenotype, 13. Climate action, Trait, Evolutionary ecology, ecology, lifespan
Abstract

Life history strategies are fundamental to the ecology and evolution of organisms and are important for understanding extinction risk and responses to global change. Using global datasets and a multiple response modelling framework we show that trait-climate interactions are associated with life history strategies for a diverse range of plant species at the global scale. Our modelling framework informs our understanding of trade-offs and positive correlations between elements of life history after accounting for environmental context and evolutionary and trait-based constraints. Interactions between plant traits and climatic context were needed to explain variation in age at maturity, distribution of mortality across the lifespan and generation times of species. Mean age at maturity and the distribution of mortality across plants’ lifespan were under evolutionary constraints. These findings provide empirical support for the theoretical expectation that climatic context is key to understanding trait to life history relationships globally.

Published
2021

31. Functional biogeography of Neotropical moist forests : Trait–climate relationships and assembly patterns of tree communities

Author

Ferry Slik, Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez, Valdecir Júnior, Richard Condit, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, Miguel Martínez-Ramos, G. A. Mendes, Simon Pierce, Steven Jansen, Nathan G. Swenson, Davi Jamelli, Bruno X. Pinho, Sandra Cristina Müller, Bráulio A. Santos, Manuel A. Hernández-Ruedas, Ülo Niinemets, Renato A. F. de Lima, S. Joseph Wright, Martijn Slot, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Nancy C. Garwood, Eduardo Mariano-Neto, Cajo J. F. ter Braak, Maíra Benchimol, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Madelon Lohbeck, Ian J. Wright, Jens Kattge, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Frans Bongers, Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht, Felipe P. L. Melo, Carlos A. Peres, Peter Hietz, Jos Barlow, Marcelo Tabarelli, and Deborah Faria

Subjects
climate seasonality, Biogeography, Niche, Climate change, Biology, precipitation, species pool, Correspondence analysis, Latitude, functional composition, Abundance (ecology), Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, functional traits, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Public Administration and Policy, temperature, latitude, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Taxon, Biometris, climate change, Trait, community assembly, Water Systems and Global Change, Bestuurskunde, Laboratory of Nematology
Abstract

Aim: Here we examine the functional profile of regional tree species pools across the latitudinal distribution of Neotropical moist forests, and test trait–climate relationships among local communities. We expected opportunistic strategies (acquisitive traits, small seeds) to be overrepresented in species pools further from the equator, but also in terms of abundance in local communities in currently wetter, warmer and more seasonal climates. Location: Neotropics. Time period: Recent. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We obtained abundance data from 471 plots across nine Neotropical regions, including c. 100,000 trees of 3,417 species, in addition to six functional traits. We compared occurrence-based trait distributions among regional species pools, and evaluated single trait–climate relationships across local communities using community abundance-weighted means (CWMs). Multivariate trait–climate relationships were assessed by a double-constrained correspondence analysis that tests both how CWMs relate to climate and how species distributions, parameterized by niche centroids in climate space, relate to their traits. Results: Regional species pools were undistinguished in functional terms, but opportunistic strategies dominated local communities further from the equator, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate explained up to 57% of the variation in CWM traits, with increasing prevalence of lower-statured, light-wooded and softer-leaved species bearing smaller seeds in more seasonal, wetter and warmer climates. Species distributions were significantly but weakly related to functional traits. Main conclusions: Neotropical moist forest regions share similar sets of functional strategies, from which local assembly processes, driven by current climatic conditions, select for species with different functional strategies. We can thus expect functional responses to climate change driven by changes in relative abundances of species already present regionally. Particularly, equatorial forests holding the most conservative traits and large seeds are likely to experience the most severe changes if climate change triggers the proliferation of opportunistic tree species.

Published
2021

33. The results of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments are realistic

Author

Markus Fischer, Abiel Rindisbacher, Daniel Prati, Teja Tscharntke, Anja Vogel, Nico Eisenhauer, Peter Manning, Jens Kattge, Till Kleinebecker, Anne Ebeling, Valentin H. Klaus, Stefan Scheu, Malte Jochum, Sebastian T. Meyer, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Gaëtane Le Provost, Rafael Molina-Venegas, Forest Isbell, Alexandra Weigelt, David Tilman, Caterina Penone, Markus Lange, Cameron Wagg, Liesje Mommer, Steffen Boch, Norbert Hölzel, Fons van der Plas, Yvonne Oelmann, Gerd Gleixner, Peter B. Reich, Deborah Schäfer, Wolfgang Wilcke, Bernhard Schmid, Jane A. Catford, Gerhard Boenisch, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Nina Buchmann, and Christiane Roscher

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, 03 medical and health sciences, Germany, Life Science, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Land use, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Variance (land use), Species diversity, Plant community, Plants, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Phylogenetic diversity, Geography, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, business, Community types
Abstract

A large body of research shows that biodiversity loss can reduce ecosystem functioning. However, much of the evidence for this relationship is drawn from biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments in which biodiversity loss is simulated by randomly assembling communities of varying species diversity, and ecosystem functions are measured. This random assembly has led some ecologists to question the relevance of biodiversity experiments to real-world ecosystems, where community assembly or disassembly may be non-random and influenced by external drivers, such as climate, soil conditions or land use. Here, we compare data from real-world grassland plant communities with data from two of the largest and longest-running grassland biodiversity experiments (the Jena Experiment in Germany and BioDIV in the United States) in terms of their taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity and functional-trait composition. We found that plant communities of biodiversity experiments cover almost all of the multivariate variation of the real-world communities, while also containing community types that are not currently observed in the real world. Moreover, they have greater variance in their compositional features than their real-world counterparts. We then re-analysed a subset of experimental data that included only ecologically realistic communities (that is, those comparable to real-world communities). For 10 out of 12 biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, biodiversity effects did not differ significantly between the full dataset of biodiversity experiments and the ecologically realistic subset of experimental communities. Although we do not provide direct evidence for strong or consistent biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in real-world communities, our results demonstrate that the results of biodiversity experiments are largely insensitive to the exclusion of unrealistic communities and that the conclusions drawn from biodiversity experiments are generally robust. By comparing data from real-world grassland communities with data from two of the longest-running grassland biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments, the authors show that conclusions derived from experimental systems are robust to the removal of unrealistic experimental communities., Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4 (11), ISSN:2397-334X

Published
2020

34. Putting vascular epiphytes on the traits map

Author

Carrie L. Woods, Thorsten Krömer, David Schellenberger Costa, Noé Velázquez Rosas, Nahlleli Chilpa Galván, María Moreno-Chacón, Juliano Sarmento Cabral, Flavio Nunes Ramos, Wolfgang Wanek, Jamie Males, Gunnar Petter, Ana María Benavides, Jens Kattge, Rafael de Paiva Farias, Catherine Louise Kirby, Katrin Wagner, Samuel Monsalve Correa, Casandra Reyes-García, Catherine L. Cardelús, Manuel J. Cach-Pérez, Helena J. R. Einzmann, Peter Hietz, Valeria Guzmán Jacob, Rodolfo de Paula Oliveira, Michael Kessler, Lucas Costa, Amanda Taylor, Alfredo Saldaña, Gerhard Zotz, Holger Kreft, Claudia Agudelo, Hietz, P [0000-0002-0458-6593], Wagner, K [0000-0003-4326-1086], Nunes Ramos, F [0000-0001-6689-3575], Cabral, JS [0000-0002-0116-220X], Benavides, AM [0000-0002-1189-9379], Cach-Pérez, MJ [0000-0003-4972-0458], Cardelús, CL [0000-0003-0526-7612], Erickson Nascimento da Costa, L [0000-0001-7147-3786], Einzmann, HJR [0000-0002-4856-3967], Kessler, M [0000-0003-4612-9937], Kreft, H [0000-0003-4471-8236], Krömer, T [0000-0002-1398-8172], Males, J [0000-0001-9899-8101], Petter, G [0000-0002-3691-5267], Saldaña, A [0000-0001-5161-5150], Schellenberger Costa, D [0000-0003-1747-1506], Wanek, W [0000-0003-2178-8258], Woods, CL [0000-0002-2156-3078], Zotz, G [0000-0002-6823-2268], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, leaf traits, Niche, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, growth form, Nutrient, Water-use efficiency, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, plant functional traits, Ecology, fungi, 15. Life on land, Taxon, epiphyte ecology, nutrient relations, Shoot, Trait, Habit (biology), Epiphyte, trait network, water relations, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

1. Plant functional traits impact the fitness and environmental niche of plants. Major plant functional types have been characterized by their trait spectrum, and the environmental and phylogenetic imprints on traits have advanced several ecological fields. Yet, very few trait data on epiphytes, which represent almost 10% of vascular plants, are available. 2. We collated 76,561 trait observations for 2,882 species of vascular epiphytes and compared these to non-epiphytic herbs and trees to test hypotheses related to how the epiphytic habit affects traits, and if epiphytes occupy a distinct region in the global trait space. We also compared variation in traits among major groups of epiphytes, and investigated the coordination of traits in epiphytes, ground-rooted herbs and trees. 3. Epiphytes differ from ground-rooted plants mainly in traits related to water relations. Unexpectedly, we did not find lower leaf nutrient concentrations, except for nitrogen. Mean photosynthetic rates are much lower than in ground-rooted plants and lower than expected from the nitrogen concentrations. Trait syndromes clearly distinguish epiphytes from trees and from most non-epiphytic herbs. 4. Among the three largest epiphytic taxa, orchids differ from bromeliads and ferns mainly by having smaller and more numerous stomata, while ferns differ from bromeliads by having thinner leaves, higher nutrient concentrations, and lower water content and water use efficiency. 5. Trait networks differ among epiphytes, herbs and trees. While all have central nodes represented by SLA and mass-based photosynthesis, in epiphytes, traits related to plant water relations have stronger connections, and nutrients other than potassium have weaker connections to the remainder of the trait network. Whereas stem-specific density reflects mechanical support related to plant size in herbs and trees, in epiphytes it mostly reflects water storage and scales with leaf water content. 6. Synthesis. Our findings advance our understanding of epiphyte ecology, but we note that currently mainly leaf traits are available. Important gaps are root, shoot and whole plant, demographic and gas exchange traits. We suggest how future research might use available data and fill data gaps. ISSN:0022-0477

Published
2022

35. Increasing Functional Diversity in a Global Land Surface Model Illustrates Uncertainties Related to Parameter Simplification

Author

Ethan E. Butler, Kirk R. Wythers, Habacuc Flores‐Moreno, Daniel M. Ricciuto, Abhirup Datta, Arindam Banerjee, Owen K. Atkin, Jens Kattge, Peter E. Thornton, Madhur Anand, Sabina Burrascano, Chaeho Byun, J. H. C. Cornelissen, Estelle Forey, Steven Jansen, Koen Kramer, Vanessa Minden, Peter B. Reich, Biology, General Botany and Nature Management, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ecology, Paleontology, Soil Science, Forestry, Aquatic Science, phenology, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, diversity, global models, carbon cycle, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, functional traits, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Simulations of the land surface carbon cycle typically compress functional diversity into a small set of plant functional types (PFT), with parameters defined by the average value of measurements of functional traits. In most earth system models, all wild plant life is represented by between five and 14 PFTs and a typical grid cell (≈100 × 100 km) may contain a single PFT. Model logic applied to this coarse representation of ecological functional diversity provides a reasonable proxy for the carbon cycle, but does not capture the non-linear influence of functional traits on productivity. Here we show through simulations using the Energy Exascale Land Surface Model in 15 diverse terrestrial landscapes, that better accounting for functional diversity markedly alters predicted total carbon uptake. The shift in carbon uptake is as great as 30% and 10% in boreal and tropical regions, respectively, when compared to a single PFT parameterized with the trait means. The traits that best predict gross primary production vary based on vegetation phenology, which broadly determines where traits fall within the global distribution. Carbon uptake is more closely associated with specific leaf area for evergreen PFTs and the leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio in deciduous PFTs.

Published
2022

36. iKNOW: A platform for knowledge graph construction for biodiversity

Author

Samira Babalou, David Schellenberger Costa, Helge Bruelheide, Jens Kattge, Christine Römermann, Christian Wirth, and Birgitta König-Ries

Subjects
semantic web, knowledge graph platforms, General Medicine, biodiversity informatics
Abstract

Nowadays, more and more biodiversity datasets containing observational and experimental data are collected and produced by different projects. In order to answer the fundamental questions of biodiversity research, these data need to be integrated for joint analyses. However, to date, too often, these data remain isolated in silos. Both in academia and industry, Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are widely regarded as a promising approach to overcome issues of data silos and lack of common understanding of data (Fensel and Şimşek 2020). KGs are graph-structured knowledge bases that store factual information in the form of structured relationships between entities, like “tree_species has_trait average_SLA” or “nutans is_observed_in SCH_Location" (Hogan et al. 2021). In our context, entities could be, e.g., abstract concepts like a kingdom, a species, or a trait, or a concrete specimen of a species. Example relationships could be "co-occurs" or, "possesses-trait". KGs for biodiversity have been proposed by Page 2019 and have also been the topic at prior TDWG conferences *1 (Page 2021). However, to date, uptake of this concept in the community has been rather slow (Sachs et al. 2019). We argue that this is at least partially due to the high effort and expertise required in developing and managing such KGs. Therefore, in our ongoing project, iKNOW (Babalou et al. 2021), we aim to provide a toolbox for reproducible KG creation. While iKNOW is still in an early stage, we aim to make this platform open-source and freely available to the biodiversity community. Thus, it can significantly contribute to making biodiversity data widely available, easily discoverable, and integratable. For now, we focus on tabular datasets resulting from biodiversity observation or sampling events or experiments. Given such a dataset, iKNOW will support its transformation into (subject, predicate, object) triples in the RDF standard (Resource Description Framework). Every uploaded dataset will be considered as a subgraph of the main KG in iKNOW. If required, data can be cleaned. After that, the entities and relationships among them should be extracted. For that, a user will be able select one of the existing semi-automatic tools available on our platform (e.g., JenTab (Abdelmageed and Schindler 2020)). The entities in this step can be linked to respective global identifiers in Wikidata, GBIF, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, or any other user-selected knowledge resource. In the next step, (subject, predicate, object) triples based on the extracted information from the previous steps will be created. After these processes, the generated sub-KG can be used directly. However, one can take further steps such as: Triple Augmentation (generate new triples and extra relations to ease KG completion), Schema Refinement (refine the schema, e.g., via logical reasoning for the KG completion and correctness), Quality Checking (check the quality of the generated sub-KG), and Query Building (create customized SPARQL queries for the generated KG). iKNOW will include a wide range of functionalities for creating, accessing, querying, visualizing, updating, reproducing, and tracking the provenance of KGs. The reproducibility of such a creation is essential to strengthening the establishment of open science practices in the biodiversity domain. Thus, all information regarding the user-selected tools with parameters and settings, along with the initial dataset and intermediate results, will be saved in every step of our platform. With the help of this, users can redo the previous steps. Moreover, this enables us to track the provenance of the created KG. The iKNOW project is a joint effort by computer scientists and domain experts from the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv). As a showcase, we aim to create a KG of plant-related data sources at iDiv. These include, among others: TRY (the plant trait database) (Kattge and DÍaz 2011), sPlot (the database about global patterns of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity) (Bruelheide and Dengler 2019), and PhenObs (the dataset of the global network of botanical gardens monitoring the impacts of climate change on the phenology of herbaceous plant species) (Nordt and Hensen 2021), LCVP, the Leipzig Catalogue of Vascular Plants, (Freiberg and Winter 2020), and many others. The resulting KG will serve as a discovery tool for biodiversity data and provide a robust infrastructure for managing biodiversity knowledge. From the biodiversity research perspective, iKNOW will contribute to creating a dataset following the Linked Open Data principles by interlinking to cross-domain and specific-domain KGs. From the computer science perspective, iKNOW will contribute to developing tools for dynamic, low-effort creation of reproducible knowledge graphs.

Published
2022

37. Climatic and soil factors explain the two-dimensional spectrum of global plant trait variation

Author

Julia S. Joswig, Christian Wirth, Meredith C. Schuman, Jens Kattge, Björn Reu, Ian J. Wright, Sebastian D. Sippel, Nadja Rüger, Ronny Richter, Michael E. Schaepman, Peter M. van Bodegom, J. H. C. Cornelissen, Sandra Díaz, Wesley N. Hattingh, Koen Kramer, Frederic Lens, Ülo Niinemets, Peter B. Reich, Markus Reichstein, Christine Römermann, Franziska Schrodt, Madhur Anand, Michael Bahn, Chaeho Byun, Giandiego Campetella, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Joseph M. Craine, Andres Gonzalez-Melo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Tianhua He, Pedro Higuchi, Hervé Jactel, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Vanessa Minden, Vladimir Onipchenko, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Evan Weiher, Miguel D. Mahecha, JULIA S. JOSWIG, SEBASTIAN D. SIPPEL, NADJA RÜGER, RONNY RICHTER, MICHAEL E. SCHAEPMAN, PETER M. VAN BODEGOM, J. H. C. CORNELISSEN, SANDRA DÍAZ, WESLEY N. HATTINGH, KOEN KRAMER, FREDERIC LENS, ÜLO NIINEMETS, PETER B. REICH, MARKUS REICHSTEIN, CHRISTINE RÖMERMANN, FRANZISKA SCHRODT, MADHUR ANAND, MICHAEL BAHN, CHAEHO BYUN, GIANDIEGO CAMPETELLA, BRUNO E. L. CERABOLINI, JOSEPH M. CRAINE, ANDRES GONZALEZ-MELO, ALVARO G. GUTIÉRREZ, TIANHUA HE, PEDRO HIGUCHI, HERVÉ JACTEL, NATHAN J. B. KRAFT, VANESSA MINDEN, VLADIMIR ONIPCHENKO, JOSEP PEÑUELAS, ENIO EGON SOSINSKI JUNIOR, Cenargen, NADEJDA A. SOUDZILOVSKAIA, EVAN WEIHER, MIGUEL D. MAHECHA., VALÉRIO D. PILLAR, CHRISTIAN WIRTH, MEREDITH C. SCHUMAN, JENS KATTGE, BJÖRN REU, IAN J. WRIGHT, Mahecha, Miguel D/0000-0003-3031-613X, Bahn, Michael/0000-0001-7482-9776, De Patta Pillar, Valerio/0000-0001-6408-2891, Schuman, Meredith/0000-0003-3159-3534, Joswig, Julia S., Wirth, Christian, Schuman, Meredith C., Kattge, Jens, Reu, Bjorn, Wright, Ian J., Sippel, Sebastian D., Rueger, Nadja, Richter, Ronny, Schaepman, Michael E., van Bodegom, Peter M., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Diaz, Sandra, Hattingh, Wesley N., Kramer, Koen, Lens, Frederic, Niinemets, Ulo, Reich, Peter B., Reichstein, Markus, Roemermann, Christine, Schrodt, Franziska, Anand, Madhur, Bahn, Michael, Byun, Chaeho, Campetella, Giandiego, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Craine, Joseph M., Gonzalez-Melo, Andres, Gutierrez, Alvaro G., He , Tianhua, Higuchi, Pedro, Jactel, Herve, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Minden, Vanessa, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valerio D., Sosinski, Enio, SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Weiher, Evan, Mahecha, Miguel D., and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Planta, Vegetação, Ecophysiology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Mudança Climática, Meio Ambiente, Soil, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Life Science, Macroecology, Plant ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Biodiversidade, 15. Life on land, Plants, Plant Leaves, Solo, Phenotype, Biogeography, 13. Climate action, Technologie and Innovatie, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Kennis, Clima, Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning and are thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics and land–climate feedbacks. Still, we lack a global understanding of how land and climate affect plant traits. A previous global analysis of six traits observed two main axes of variation: (1) size variation at the organ and plant level and (2) leaf economics balancing leaf persistence against plant growth potential. The orthogonality of these two axes suggests they are differently influenced by environmental drivers. We find that these axes persist in a global dataset of 17 traits across more than 20,000 species. We find a dominant joint effect of climate and soil on trait variation. Additional independent climate effects are also observed across most traits, whereas independent soil effects are almost exclusively observed for economics traits. Variation in size traits correlates well with a latitudinal gradient related to water or energy limitation. In contrast, variation in economics traits is better explained by interactions of climate with soil fertility. These findings have the potential to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and our predictions of climate change impacts on biogeochemical cycles., Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6 (1), ISSN:2397-334X

Published
2021

38. Ten (mostly) simple rules to future-proof trait data in ecological and evolutionary sciences

Author

Alexander Keller, Markus J. Ankenbrand, Helge Bruelheide, Stefanie Dekeyzer, Brian J. Enquist, Mohammad Bagher Erfanian, Daniel S. Falster, Rachael V. Gallagher, Jennifer Hammock, Jens Kattge, Sara D. Leonhardt, Joshua S. Madin, Brian Maitner, Margot Neyret, Renske E. Onstein, William D. Pearse, Jorrit H. Poelen, Roberto Salguero‐Gomez, Florian D. Schneider, Anikó B. Tóth, and Caterina Penone

Subjects
Ecological Modeling, Biodiversity ecology, Ecoinformatics, Functional ecology, REVIEW, REVIEWS, data life cycle, data science, FAIR principles, good practices, metadata, open science, phenotype, trait data, 580 Plants (Botany), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ddc
Published
2021

39. Tropical forest dynamics correspond to fair games in economic theory of financial markets

Author

Uta Berger, Jens Kattge, James Rosindell, Helge Bruelheide, Volker Grimm, and Yue Lin

Subjects
Efficient-market hypothesis, Microeconomics, Abundance (ecology), Ecology (disciplines), media_common.quotation_subject, Financial market, Complex system, Economics, Context (language use), Competitor analysis, Psychological resilience, media_common
Abstract

Ecological and economic systems both comprise of autonomous adaptive agents. It is thus possible that similar mechanisms determine the organization of both these complex systems. Indeed several economic theories have already been successfully applied in an ecological context. Here we show that ‘efficient market theory’ in economics, where future earnings are distributed between competitors by a ‘fair game’, corresponds to fitness-equalizing mechanisms of coexistence in ecology. In contrast to stabilizing mechanisms, which promote coexistence by giving each species an equilibrium abundance that is resilient to perturbations, equalizing mechanisms promote coexistence without such resilience by minimizing the net fitness differences between species. However, identifying stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms from the short time-series data that are typically available in ecology is challenging. We used techniques from economics that are applied to collections of short time-series from a system. We found that observed species abundance dynamics in a neotropical forest are generally in agreement with efficient market theory implying a dominant role of equalizing mechanisms, which finding quantifies and supports what was generally believed about that specific forest system. Our study highlights that complex systems from ecology and economics share common features suggesting the possibility of further synergy between ecology and economics in future.

Published
2021

40. The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function

Author

Georg Wohlfahrt, Sebastian Wolf, David Martini, Alexander Knohl, Micol Rossini, Dennis D. Baldocchi, Nuno Carvalhais, Talie Musavi, Tarek S. El-Madany, Ulisse Gomarasca, Ankur R. Desai, Matthias Forkel, Dario Papale, Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Jens Kattge, Jacob A. Nelson, Michael J. Liddell, Peter B. Reich, Guido Kraemer, Christopher M. Gough, Miguel D. Mahecha, Mathias Göckede, Hiroki Ikawa, Elise Pendall, Ivan A. Janssens, Rune Christiansen, Jiquan Chen, Craig Macfarlane, Alessandro Cescatti, Andreas Ibrom, Leonardo Montagnani, Marta Galvagno, T. Andrew Black, Michael Bahn, Sönke Zaehle, Giorgio Matteucci, Dan Yakir, Russell L. Scott, Silvia Caldararu, Jürgen Knauer, Markus Reichstein, Ulrich Weber, Richard P. Phillips, Cinzia Panigada, Mirco Migliavacca, Ian J. Wright, Jonas Peters, Beverly E. Law, Josep Peñuelas, Martha M. Farella, Arnaud Carrara, Eyal Rotenberg, Ivan Mammarella, Gianluca Filippa, Xuanlong Ma, Hideki Kobayashi, Jamie Cleverly, Oscar Perez-Priego, Edoardo Cremonese, Peter D. Blanken, Karen Anderson, Martin Jung, Clément Stahl, Daniel E. Pabon-Moreno, Damien Bonal, Nina Buchmann, Trevor F. Keenan, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Migliavacca, M, Musavi, T, Mahecha, M, Nelson, J, Knauer, J, Baldocchi, D, Perez-Priego, O, Christiansen, R, Peters, J, Anderson, K, Bahn, M, Black, T, Blanken, P, Bonal, D, Buchmann, N, Caldararu, S, Carrara, A, Carvalhais, N, Cescatti, A, Chen, J, Cleverly, J, Cremonese, E, Desai, A, El-Madany, T, Farella, M, Fernandez-Martinez, M, Filippa, G, Forkel, M, Galvagno, M, Gomarasca, U, Gough, C, Gockede, M, Ibrom, A, Ikawa, H, Janssens, I, Jung, M, Kattge, J, Keenan, T, Knohl, A, Kobayashi, H, Kraemer, G, Law, B, Liddell, M, Ma, X, Mammarella, I, Martini, D, Macfarlane, C, Matteucci, G, Montagnani, L, Pabon-Moreno, D, Panigada, C, Papale, D, Pendall, E, Penuelas, J, Phillips, R, Reich, P, Rossini, M, Rotenberg, E, Scott, R, Stahl, C, Weber, U, Wohlfahrt, G, Wolf, S, Wright, I, Yakir, D, Zaehle, S, and Reichstein, M

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), General Science & Technology, Climate, Ecosystem ecology, Biome, Datasets as Topic, 01 natural sciences, 114 Physical sciences, Article, Carbon Cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, Water Cycle, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Ecosystem, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, 0303 health sciences, Principal Component Analysis, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Humidity, ecosystem ecology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Carbon Dioxide, Plants, Arid, Productivity (ecology), Biogeography, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem function, terrestrial biomes, productivity, vegetation structure, water-use efficiency, carbon-use efficiency, Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, Engineering sciences. Technology
Abstract

The leaf economics spectrum1,2 and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions3 revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species2. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species that comprise the ecological communities4. However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate and environmental variability4,5. Here we derive a set of ecosystem functions6 from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find that most of the variability within ecosystem functions (71.8%) is captured by three key axes. The first axis reflects maximum ecosystem productivity and is mostly explained by vegetation structure. The second axis reflects ecosystem water-use strategies and is jointly explained by variation in vegetation height and climate. The third axis, which represents ecosystem carbon-use efficiency, features a gradient related to aridity, and is explained primarily by variation in vegetation structure. We show that two state-of-the-art land surface models reproduce the first and most important axis of ecosystem functions. However, the models tend to simulate more strongly correlated functions than those observed, which limits their ability to accurately predict the full range of responses to environmental changes in carbon, water and energy cycling in terrestrial ecosystems7,8., Three key axes of variation of ecosystem functional changes and their underlying causes are identified from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes and climate zones.

Published
2021

41. An integrated framework of plant form and function: The belowground perspective

Author

Joana Bergmann, Marina Semchenko, Helge Bruelheide, Colleen M. Iversen, Jasper van Ruijven, Liesje Mommer, Jens Kattge, Karl Andraczek, Christopher J. Sweeney, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Alexandra Weigelt, Daniel C. Laughlin, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Thomas W. Kuyper, Fons van der Plas, M. Luke McCormack, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Catherine Roumet, Hendrik Poorter, Ina C. Meier, Grégoire T. Freschet, Larry M. York, Ying Fan, Weigelt A., Mommer L., Andraczek K., Iversen C.M., Bergmann J., Bruelheide H., Fan Y., Freschet G.T., Guerrero-Ramirez N.R., Kattge J., Kuyper T.W., Laughlin D.C., Meier I.C., van der Plas F., Poorter H., Roumet C., van Ruijven J., Sabatini F.M., Semchenko M., Sweeney C.J., Valverde-Barrantes O.J., York L.M., McCormack M.L., Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Leipzig University, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Wyoming (UW), Universität Hamburg (UHH), IBG-2, Institute for Bio and Geosciences, Macquarie University, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Manchester [Manchester], University of Tartu, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Noble Research Institute, and ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Specific leaf area, Physiology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Plant Science, Tissue density, Biology, economic gradient, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Root length, Form and function, functional plant strategies, collaboration gradient, Ecosystem, Plant traits, conservation gradient, Bodembiologie, 030304 developmental biology, trade-off, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Soil Biology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, Plants, PE&RC, Plant Leaves, functional plant strategie, ddc:580, trade-offs, Phenotype, Community composition, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, trait economic, plant size, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Plant Leave, trait economics
Abstract

International audience; Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition, and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of trait variation disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework of plant form and function. We developed and tested an overarching conceptual framework that integrates two recently identified root trait gradients with a well-established aboveground plant trait framework. We confronted our novel framework with published relationships between above- and belowground trait analogues and with multivariate analyses of aboveground and belowground traits of 2510 species. Our traits represent the leaf- and root conservation gradients (specific leaf area, leaf and root nitrogen concentration and root tissue density), the root collaboration gradient (root diameter and specific root length), and the plant size gradient (plant height and rooting depth). We found that an integrated, whole-plant trait space required as much as four axes. The two main axes represented the fast-slow ‘conservation’ gradient on which leaf and fine-root traits were well aligned, and the ‘collaboration’ gradient in roots. The two additional axes were separate, orthogonal plant size axes for height and rooting depth. This perspective on the multi-dimensional nature of plant trait variation better encompasses plant function and influence on the surrounding environment.

Published
2021

42. Updated respiration routines alter spatio-temporal patterns of carbon cycling in a global land surface model

Author

Jens Kattge, Kirk R. Wythers, Ethan E. Butler, Peter B. Reich, Arindam Banerjee, Ming Chen, Peter E. Thornton, Habacuc Flores-Moreno, Abhirup Datta, Owen K. Atkin, and Daniel M. Ricciuto

Subjects
Maintenance respiration, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Respiration, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Range (statistics), Primary production, Environmental science, Plant functional type, Leaf area index, Atmospheric sciences, Seasonal cycle, General Environmental Science, Carbon cycle
Abstract

We updated the routines used to estimate leaf maintenance respiration in the Energy Land Model (ELM) using a comprehensive global respiration data base. The updated algorithm includes a temperature acclimating base rate, an updated instantaneous temperature response, and new plant functional type (PFT) specific parameters. The updated maintenance respiration algorithm resulted in a very large increase in global maintenance respiration (MR) of 16.1 Pg (38%), but the signal was not geographically uniform. The increase was concentrated in the tropics and humid warm-temperate forests. The increase in maintenance respiration led to large but proportionally smaller decreases in global net primary production (NPP, 19%) and in average global leaf area index (LAI, 15%). The effect on global gross primary production (GPP) was a more modest 5.7 Pg (4%). A detailed site level analysis also demonstrated a wide range of effects the updated algorithm can have on the seasonal cycle of GPP. Output from the updated and old models did not differ markedly in how closely they matched a suite of benchmarks. Given the substantial impact on the land surface carbon cycle, a neutral influence on model benchmarks, and better alignment with empirical evidence, a maintenance respiration algorithm similar to the one presented here should be adopted into ELM.

Published
2021

43. sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open‐access, global dataset of vegetation plots

Author

Ben Sparrow, V. B. Martynenko, Jonathan Lenoir, Eszter Ruprecht, Idoia Biurrun, Luzmila Arroyo, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Aníbal Pauchard, Roberto Venanzoni, Stephan M. Hennekens, Mohamed Z. Hatim, Cyrus Samimi, Arkadiusz Nowak, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Petr Sklenář, Renata Ćušterevska, Valentin Golub, Eduardo Vélez-Martin, Gwendolyn Peyre, Inger Greve Alsos, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Tarek Hattab, Andrey Yu. Korolyuk, Jutta Kapfer, Jörg Ewald, Donald M. Waller, Ute Jandt, Tetiana Dziuba, Marco Schmidt, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Adrian Indreica, Zygmunt Kącki, Jürgen Dengler, Željko Škvorc, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Panayotis Dimopoulos, Viktor Onyshchenko, Hanhuai Shan, John Janssen, Hua Feng Wang, Holger Kreft, Jérôme Munzinger, Brian J. Enquist, Frederic Lens, Wannes Hubau, Birgit Jedrzejek, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Miguel D. Mahecha, Emmanuel Garbolino, Sophie Gachet, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Josep Peñuelas, Melisa A. Giorgis, Svetlana Aćić, Débora Vanessa Lingner, Victor V. Chepinoga, Richard Field, Ladislav Mucina, Michele De Sanctis, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Isabelle Aubin, Hamid Gholizadeh, Fahmida Sultana, Fabio Attorre, Valerijus Rašomavičius, Cindy Q. Tang, Tomáš Černý, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Donald A. Walker, Alicia Teresa Rosario Acosta, Timothy J. Killeen, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Susan K. Wiser, Urban Šilc, Andraž Čarni, Florian Jansen, Valério D. Pillar, Jonas V. Müller, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Els De Bie, Antonio Galán-de-Mera, Zhiyao Tang, Anne D. Bjorkman, Sylvia Haider, Kiril Vassilev, Risto Virtanen, Henrik von Wehrden, Hjalmar S. Kühl, Manfred Finckh, Zvjezdana Stančić, Pavel Shirokikh, Elizabeth Kearsley, Petr Petřík, Yves Bergeron, Iva Apostolova, Emiliano Agrillo, Jozef Šibík, Norbert Jürgens, Marta Gaia Sperandii, Anna Kuzemko, Jens-Christian Svenning, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, Michael Kessler, Bruno Hérault, John-Arvid Grytnes, Laura Casella, Tomáš Peterka, Miguel Alvarez, Tsipe Aavik, Gregory Richard Guerin, André Luis de Gasper, Corrado Marcenò, Luis Cayuela, Brody Sandel, Cyrille Violle, Jens Kattge, Guillermo Hinojos Mendoza, Anke Jentsch, Arindam Banerjee, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Mohammed Abu Sayed Arfin Khan, Patrice de Ruffray, Milan Chytrý, S. M. Yamalov, Tatiana Lysenko, Meelis Pärtel, Viktoria Bondareva, Helge Bruelheide, John S. Rodwell, Jiri Dolezal, Oliver L. Phillips, Rasmus Revermann, Larisa Khanina, Erwin Bergmeier, Robert K. Peet, Jörg Brunet, Solvita Rūsiņa, Oliver Purschke, Gianmaria Bonari, Jürgen Homeier, Martin Zobel, János Csiky, Marijn Bauters, Jalil Noroozi, Karsten Wesche, Kim André Vanselow, Norbert Hölzel, Flavia Landucci, Farideh Fazayeli, Wolfgang Willner, Viktoria Wagner, Alireza Naqinezhad, Aurora Levesley, Vadim Prokhorov, Hongyan Liu, Ali Kavgaci, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Franziska Schrodt, Attila Lengyel, Elise A. Arnst, Sabatini F.M., Lenoir J., Hattab T., Arnst E.A., Chytry M., Dengler J., De Ruffray P., Hennekens S.M., Jandt U., Jansen F., Jimenez-Alfaro B., Kattge J., Levesley A., Pillar V.D., Purschke O., Sandel B., Sultana F., Aavik T., Acic S., Acosta A.T.R., Agrillo E., Alvarez M., Apostolova I., Arfin Khan M.A.S., Arroyo L., Attorre F., Aubin I., Banerjee A., Bauters M., Bergeron Y., Bergmeier E., Biurrun I., Bjorkman A.D., Bonari G., Bondareva V., Brunet J., Carni A., Casella L., Cayuela L., Cerny T., Chepinoga V., Csiky J., Custerevska R., De Bie E., de Gasper A.L., De Sanctis M., Dimopoulos P., Dolezal J., Dziuba T., El-Sheikh M.A.E.-R.M., Enquist B., Ewald J., Fazayeli F., Field R., Finckh M., Gachet S., Galan-de-Mera A., Garbolino E., Gholizadeh H., Giorgis M., Golub V., Alsos I.G., Grytnes J.-A., Guerin G.R., Gutierrez A.G., Haider S., Hatim M.Z., Herault B., Hinojos Mendoza G., Holzel N., Homeier J., Hubau W., Indreica A., Janssen J.A.M., Jedrzejek B., Jentsch A., Jurgens N., Kacki Z., Kapfer J., Karger D.N., Kavgaci A., Kearsley E., Kessler M., Khanina L., Killeen T., Korolyuk A., Kreft H., Kuhl H.S., Kuzemko A., Landucci F., Lengyel A., Lens F., Lingner D.V., Liu H., Lysenko T., Mahecha M.D., Marceno C., Martynenko V., Moeslund J.E., Monteagudo Mendoza A., Mucina L., Muller J.V., Munzinger J., Naqinezhad A., Noroozi J., Nowak A., Onyshchenko V., Overbeck G.E., Partel M., Pauchard A., Peet R.K., Penuelas J., Perez-Haase A., Peterka T., Petrik P., Peyre G., Phillips O.L., Prokhorov V., Rasomavicius V., Revermann R., Rivas-Torres G., Rodwell J.S., Ruprecht E., Rusina S., Samimi C., Schmidt M., Schrodt F., Shan H., Shirokikh P., Sibik J., Silc U., Sklenar P., Skvorc Z., Sparrow B., Sperandii M.G., Stancic Z., Svenning J.-C., Tang Z., Tang C.Q., Tsiripidis I., Vanselow K.A., Vasquez Martinez R., Vassilev K., Velez-Martin E., Venanzoni R., Vibrans A.C., Violle C., Virtanen R., von Wehrden H., Wagner V., Walker D.A., Waller D.M., Wang H.-F., Wesche K., Whitfeld T.J.S., Willner W., Wiser S.K., Wohlgemuth T., Yamalov S., Zobel M., Bruelheide H., Sabatini, Fm, Lenoir, J, Hattab, T, Arnst, Ea, Chytry, M, Dengler, J, De Ruffray, P, Hennekens, Sm, Jandt, U, Jansen, F, Jimenez-Alfaro, B, Kattge, J, Levesley, A, Pillar, Vd, Purschke, O, Sandel, B, Sultana, F, Aavik, T, Acic, S, Acosta, Atr, Agrillo, E, Alvarez, M, Apostolova, I, Khan, Masa, Arroyo, L, Attorre, F, Aubin, I, Banerjee, A, Bauters, M, Bergeron, Y, Bergmeier, E, Biurrun, I, Bjorkman, Ad, Bonari, G, Bondareva, V, Brunet, J, Carni, A, Casella, L, Cayuela, L, Cerny, T, Chepinoga, V, Csiky, J, Custerevska, R, De Bie, E, de Gasper, Al, De Sanctis, M, Dimopoulos, P, Dolezal, J, Dziuba, T, El-Sheikh, Mam, Enquist, B, Ewald, J, Fazayeli, F, Field, R, Finckh, M, Gachet, S, Galan-de-Mera, A, Garbolino, E, Gholizadeh, H, Giorgis, M, Golub, V, Alsos, Ig, Grytnes, Ja, Guerin, Gr, Gutierrez, Ag, Haider, S, Hatim, Mz, Herault, B, Mendoza, Gh, Holzel, N, Homeier, J, Hubau, W, Indreica, A, Janssen, Jam, Jedrzejek, B, Jentsch, A, Jurgens, N, Kacki, Z, Kapfer, J, Karger, Dn, Kavgaci, A, Kearsley, E, Kessler, M, Khanina, L, Killeen, T, Korolyuk, A, Kreft, H, Kuhl, H, Kuzemko, A, Landucci, F, Lengyel, A, Lens, F, Lingner, Dv, Liu, Hy, Lysenko, T, Mahecha, Md, Marceno, C, Martynenko, V, Moeslund, Je, Mendoza, Am, Mucina, L, Muller, Jv, Munzinger, Jm, Naqinezhad, A, Noroozi, J, Nowak, A, Onyshchenko, V, Overbeck, Ge, Partel, M, Pauchard, A, Peet, Rk, Penuelas, J, Perez-Haase, A, Peterka, T, Petrik, P, Peyre, G, Phillips, Ol, Prokhorov, V, Rasomavicius, V, Revermann, R, Rivas-Torres, G, Rodwell, J, Ruprecht, E, Rusina, S, Samimi, C, Schmidt, M, Schrodt, F, Shan, Hh, Shirokikh, P, Sibik, J, Silc, U, Sklenar, P, Skvorc, Z, Sparrow, B, Sperandii, Mg, Stancic, Z, Svenning, Jc, Tang, Zy, Tang, Cq, Tsiripidis, I, Vanselow, Ka, Martinez, Rv, Vassilev, K, Velez-Martin, E, Venanzoni, R, Vibrans, Ac, Violle, C, Virtanen, R, von Wehrden, H, Wagner, V, Walker, Da, Waller, Dm, Wang, Hf, Wesche, K, Whitfeld, Tj, Willner, W, Wiser, Sk, Wohlgemuth, T, Yamalov, S, Zobel, M, Bruelheide, H, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Risques et les Crises (CRC), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ANR-07-BDIV-0006,BIONEOCAL,L'endémisme en Nouvelle-Calédonie : étude phylogénétique et populationnelle des son émergence.(2007), ANR-07-BDIV-0008,INC,Incendies et biodiversité de écosystèmes en Nouvelle-Calédonie.(2007), ANR-07-BDIV-0010,ULTRABIO,Biodiversité et stratégies adaptatives végétales et microbiennes des écosystèmes ultramafiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie.(2007), European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biome, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, FOREST VEGETATION, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Abundance (ecology), big data, Vegetation type, PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DATABASE, parcelle, Forest and Landscape Ecology, functional traits, vascular plants, biodiversity, biogeography, database, macroecology, vegetation plots, Macroecology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, vascular plant, Vegetation, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, PE&RC, Vegetation plot, Geography, 580: Pflanzen (Botanik), Ecosystems Research, Diffusion de l'information, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversité, ARCHIVE, Communauté végétale, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biogéographie, GRASSLAND VEGETATION, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, Behavior and Systematics, Couverture végétale, 577: Ökologie, PLANT, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], functional trait, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vegetatie, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Impact sur l'environnement, DRY GRASSLANDS, Plant community, 15. Life on land, Végétation, WETLAND VEGETATION, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNIVERSITY, Physical geography, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, données ouvertes
Abstract

Datos disponibles en https://github.com/fmsabatini/sPlotOpen_Code, EU H2020 project BACI, Grant No. 640176 (...), Sabatini, F.M., Lenoir, J., Hattab, T., Arnst, E.A., Chytrý, M., Dengler, J., De Ruffray, P., Hennekens, S.M., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Kattge, J., Levesley, A., Pillar, V.D., Purschke, O., Sandel, B., Sultana, F., Aavik, T., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Agrillo, E., Alvarez, M., Apostolova, I., Arfin Khan, M.A.S., Arroyo, L., Attorre, F., Aubin, I., Banerjee, A., Bauters, M., Bergeron, Y., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Bjorkman, A.D., Bonari, G., Bondareva, V., Brunet, J., Čarni, A., Casella, L., Cayuela, L., Černý, T., Chepinoga, V., Csiky, J., Ćušterevska, R., De Bie, E., de Gasper, A.L., De Sanctis, M., Dimopoulos, P., Dolezal, J., Dziuba, T., El-Sheikh, M.A.E.-R.M., Enquist, B., Ewald, J., Fazayeli, F., Field, R., Finckh, M., Gachet, S., Galán-de-Mera, A., Garbolino, E., Gholizadeh, H., Giorgis, M., Golub, V., Alsos, I.G., Grytnes, J.-A., Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Haider, S., Hatim, M.Z., Hérault, B., Hinojos Mendoza, G., Hölzel, N., Homeier, J., Hubau, W., Indreica, A., Janssen, J.A.M., Jedrzejek, B., Jentsch, A., Jürgens, N., Kącki, Z., Kapfer, J., Karger, D.N., Kavgacı, A., Kearsley, E., Kessler, M., Khanina, L., Killeen, T., Korolyuk, A., Kreft, H., Kühl, H.S., Kuzemko, A., Landucci, F., Lengyel, A., Lens, F., Lingner, D.V., Liu, H., Lysenko, T., Mahecha, M.D., Marcenò, C., Martynenko, V., Moeslund, J.E., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Mucina, L., Müller, J.V., Munzinger, J., Naqinezhad, A., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onyshchenko, V., Overbeck, G.E., Pärtel, M., Pauchard, A., Peet, R.K., Peñuelas, J., Pérez-Haase, A., Peterka, T., Petřík, P., Peyre, G., Phillips, O.L., Prokhorov, V., Rašomavičius, V., Revermann, R., Rivas-Torres, G., Rodwell, J.S., Ruprecht, E., Rūsiņa, S., Samimi, C., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Shan, H., Shirokikh, P., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Sklenář, P., Škvorc, Ž., Sparrow, B., Sperandii, M.G., Stančić, Z., Svenning, J.-C., Tang, Z., Tang, C.Q., Tsiripidis, I., Vanselow, K.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Vassilev, K., Vélez-Martin, E., Venanzoni, R., Vibrans, A.C., Violle, C., Virtanen, R., von Wehrden, H., Wagner, V., Walker, D.A., Waller, D.M., Wang, H.-F., Wesche, K., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Willner, W., Wiser, S.K., Wohlgemuth, T., Yamalov, S., Zobel, M., Bruelheide, H.

Published
2021

44. Root traits explain plant species distributions along climatic gradients yet challenge the nature of ecological trade-offs

Author

Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Jasper van Ruijven, M. Luke McCormack, Ülo Niinemets, Hendrik Poorter, Renata Ćušterevska, Jonathan Lenoir, Ina C. Meier, Marco Schmidt, Fons van der Plas, Peter B. Reich, Grégoire T. Freschet, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Joana Bergmann, Thomas W. Kuyper, Jens Kattge, Catherine Roumet, Marina Semchenko, Josep Peñuelas, Isabelle Aubin, Gregory Richard Guerin, Wim A. Ozinga, Chaeho Byun, Helge Bruelheide, Franziska Schrodt, Olivia R. Burge, Christopher J. Sweeney, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Daniel C. Laughlin, Larry M. York, Colleen M. Iversen, Robert B. Jackson, Estelle Forey, Eduardo Velázquez, Liesje Mommer, Jürgen Dengler, Tatiana Lysenko, Bruno Hérault, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Patrick Meir, Alexandra Weigelt, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Département écologie et biodiversité des milieux forestiers, prairiaux et aquatiques (ECODIV), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), German Research Foundation, Biological and Environmental Research (US), University of Göttingen, Laughlin, Daniel C., Mommer, Liesje, Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Bruelheide, Helge, Kuyper, Thom W., McCormack, M. Luke, Bergmann, Joana, Freschet, Grégoire T., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Iversen, Colleen M., Kattge, Jens, Meier, Ina C., Poorter, Hendrik, Roumet, Catherine, Semchenko, Marina, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van der Plas, Fons, van Ruijven, Jasper, York, Larry M., Aubin, Isabelle, Burge, Olivia R., Byun, Chaeho, Ćušterevska, Renata, Dengler, Jürgen, Forey, Estelle, Guerin, Greg R., Hérault, Bruno, Jackson, Robert B., Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lysenko, Tatiana, Meir, Patrick, Niinemets, Ülo, Ozinga, Wim A., Peñuelas, Josep, Reich, Peter B., Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Weigelt, Alexandra, University of Wyoming (UW), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, The Morton Arboretum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universität Hamburg (UHH), IBG-2, Institute for Bio and Geosciences, Macquarie University, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Manchester [Manchester], University of Tartu, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Leipzig University, Noble Research Institute, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Andong National University, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje (UKIM), Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), University of Bayreuth, University of Adelaide, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët Boigny de Yamoussoukro (INP-HB), Stanford University, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Australian National University (ANU), University of Edinburgh, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University of Minnesota System, Western Sydney University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Laughlin D.C., Mommer L., Sabatini F.M., Bruelheide H., Kuyper T.W., McCormack M.L., Bergmann J., Freschet G.T., Guerrero-Ramirez N.R., Iversen C.M., Kattge J., Meier I.C., Poorter H., Roumet C., Semchenko M., Sweeney C.J., Valverde-Barrantes O.J., van der Plas F., van Ruijven J., York L.M., Aubin I., Burge O.R., Byun C., Custerevska R., Dengler J., Forey E., Guerin G.R., Herault B., Jackson R.B., Karger D.N., Lenoir J., Lysenko T., Meir P., Niinemets U., Ozinga W.A., Penuelas J., Reich P.B., Schmidt M., Schrodt F., Velazquez E., and Weigelt A.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, Range (biology), Climate, Ecophysiology, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Système racinaire, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Facteur du milieu, Soil Biology, PE&RC, Physiologie végétale, Phenotype, 580: Pflanzen (Botanik), Biogeography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Écologie, F40 - Écologie végétale, Facteur écologique, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Biogéographie, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, ddc:570, Life Science, Forest, Community ecology, 577: Ökologie, Plant Dispersal, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bodembiologie, Environmental gradient, Vegetation, Community, Directional selection, Water, 15. Life on land, Natural variation in plants, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

21 Pág. Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR), Ecological theory is built on trade-offs, where trait differences among species evolved as adaptations to different environments. Trade-offs are often assumed to be bidirectional, where opposite ends of a gradient in trait values confer advantages in different environments. However, unidirectional benefits could be widespread if extreme trait values confer advantages at one end of an environmental gradient, whereas a wide range of trait values are equally beneficial at the other end. Here, we show that root traits explain species occurrences along broad gradients of temperature and water availability, but model predictions only resembled trade-offs in two out of 24 models. Forest species with low specific root length and high root tissue density (RTD) were more likely to occur in warm climates but species with high specific root length and low RTD were more likely to occur in cold climates. Unidirectional benefits were more prevalent than trade-offs: for example, species with large-diameter roots and high RTD were more commonly associated with dry climates, but species with the opposite trait values were not associated with wet climates. Directional selection for traits consistently occurred in cold or dry climates, whereas a diversity of root trait values were equally viable in warm or wet climates. Explicit integration of unidirectional benefits into ecological theory is needed to advance our understanding of the consequences of trait variation on species responses to environmental change., sPlot was initiated by sDiv and funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118) and is now a platform of iDiv. The sRoot workshops and L.M. were also supported by NWO-Vidi grant 864.14.006. C.M.I. and the Fine-Root Ecology Database were supported by the Biological and Environmental Research program in the US Department of Energy’s Office of Science. J.B. was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) project 432975993. N.R.G.-R. thanks the Dorothea Schlözer Postdoctoral Programme of the Georg-August-Universität.

Published
2021

45. Plant functional trait shifts explain concurrent changes in the structure and function of grassland soil microbial communities

Author

Till Kleinebecker, Steffen Boch, Norbert Hölzel, Yvonne Oelmann, Runa S. Boeddinghaus, Doreen Berner, Daniel Prati, Valentin H. Klaus, Peter Manning, Markus Fischer, Elisabeth Sorkau, Jens Kattge, Ingo Schöning, Deborah Schäfer, Marion Schrumpf, Ellen Kandeler, and Sven Marhan

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Abiotic component, geography, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Land use, food and beverages, Plant community, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Soil functions, Soil pH, Environmental science, sense organs, Soil fertility, skin and connective tissue diseases, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Land‐use intensification drives changes in microbial communities and the soil functions they regulate, but the mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood as land use can affect soil communities both directly (e.g. via changes in soil fertility) and indirectly (e.g. via changes in plant inputs). The speed of microbial responses is also poorly understood. For instance, whether it is long‐term legacies or short‐term changes in land‐use intensity that drive changes in microbial communities. To address these topics, we measured multiple microbial functions, bacterial and fungal biomass and abiotic soil properties at two time intervals 3 years apart. This was performed in 150 grassland sites differing greatly in management intensity across three German regions. Observed changes in microbial soil properties were related to both long‐term means and short‐term changes in: abiotic soil properties, land‐use intensity, community abundance‐weighted means of plant functional traits and plant biomass properties in regression and structural equation models. Plant traits, particularly leaf phosphorus, and soil pH were the best predictors of change in soil microbial function, as well as fungal and bacterial biomass, while land‐use intensity showed weaker effects. Indirect legacy effects, in which microbial change was explained by the effects of long‐term land‐use intensity on plant traits, were important, thus indicating a time lag between plant community and microbial change. Whenever the effects of short‐term changes in land‐use intensity were present, they acted directly on soil microorganisms. Synthesis. The results provide new evidence that soil communities and their functioning respond to short‐term changes in land‐use intensity, but that both rapid and longer time‐scale responses to changes in plant functional traits are at least of equal importance. This suggests that management which shapes plant communities may be an effective means of managing soil communities and the functions and services they provide.

Published
2019

46. Global photosynthetic capacity is optimized to the environment

Author

I. Colin Prentice, Tomas F. Domingues, Trevor F. Keenan, Philip A. Townsend, Rossella Guerrieri, Henrique Furstenau Togashi, Meng Wang, Shuangxi Zhou, F. Yoko Ishida, Shawn P. Serbin, Ülo Niinemets, Han Wang, Vincent Maire, Eric L. Kruger, Kristine Y. Crous, Ian J. Wright, Nicholas G. Smith, Lasantha K. Weerasinghe, Alistair Rogers, Jens Kattge, Lasse Tarvainen, Niu, Shuli, AXA Research Fund, Smith N.G., Keenan T.F., Colin Prentice I., Wang H., Wright I.J., Niinemets U., Crous K.Y., Domingues T.F., Guerrieri R., Yoko Ishida F., Kattge J., Kruger E.L., Maire V., Rogers A., Serbin S.P., Tarvainen L., Togashi H.F., Townsend P.A., Wang M., Weerasinghe L.K., and Zhou S.-X.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, V-cmax, Letter, coordination, Acclimatization, Ecophysiology, nitrogen availability, Nitrogen availability, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Vcmax, WATER, electron transport, light availability, Photosynthesis, CO2 ASSIMILATION, Ecology, biology, TEMPERATURE RESPONSE, Temperature, cmax, Carbon cycle, Adaptation, Physiological, LEAF NITROGEN, 0501 Ecological Applications, Resource use, Plant Leave, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, TRAITS, ecophysiology, Nitrogen, Physiological, Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, THERMAL-ACCLIMATION, Carboxylation, Jmax, Letters, Adaptation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Evolutionary Biology, Science & Technology, QUANTUM YIELD, CONDUCTANCE, 0602 Ecology, Contraception/Reproduction, Electron transport, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, RuBisCO, BIOCHEMICAL-MODEL, temperature, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, Photosynthetic capacity, Climate Action, Plant Leaves, 13. Climate action, Ecological Applications, Coordination, Light availability, biology.protein, Environmental science, Soil fertility
Abstract

Earth system models (ESMs) use photosynthetic capacity, indexed by the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (V cmax), to simulate carbon assimilation and typically rely on empirical estimates, including an assumed dependence on leaf nitrogen determined from soil fertility. In contrast, new theory, based on biochemical coordination and co‐optimization of carboxylation and water costs for photosynthesis, suggests that optimal V cmax can be predicted from climate alone, irrespective of soil fertility. Here, we develop this theory and find it captures 64% of observed variability in a global, field‐measured V cmax dataset for C3 plants. Soil fertility indices explained substantially less variation (32%). These results indicate that environmentally regulated biophysical constraints and light availability are the first‐order drivers of global photosynthetic capacity. Through acclimation and adaptation, plants efficiently utilize resources at the leaf level, thus maximizing potential resource use for growth and reproduction. Our theory offers a robust strategy for dynamically predicting photosynthetic capacity in ESMs.

Published
2019

47. A reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata

Author

Chonggang Xu, Robert Crystal-Ornelas, Johan Uddling, Lucas A. Cernusak, Dushan Kumarathunge, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, John R. Evans, Sasha C. Reed, Belinda E. Medlyn, Shawn P. Serbin, Dedi Yang, Bruno O. Gimenez, Stephanie C. Schmiege, Danielle A. Way, Paul F. South, Qianyu Li, David Shaner LeBauer, Berkley J. Walker, Hendrik Poorter, Zhengbing Yan, Mauricio Tejera, J. Aaron Hogan, Stan D. Wullschleger, Aud H. Halbritter, Elizabeth P. Gordon, Loren P. Albert, Jin Wu, Nate G. McDowell, Martin G. De Kauwe, Kenneth J Davidson, Steve Bonnage, Thomas D. Sharkey, Jason R. Hupp, Nicholas G. Smith, Ashehad A. Ali, Tomas F. Domingues, Samuel H. Taylor, Julien Lamour, Mary A. Heskel, Deb Agarwal, Brett T. Wolfe, Álvaro Sanz-Sáez, Anthony P. Walker, Martijn Slot, Joseph R. Stinziano, Marjorie R. Lundgren, Alexandria L. Pivovaroff, Kolby J. Jardine, David T. Hanson, Thomas N. Buckley, Daisy C. Souza, Ülo Niinemets, J. Damerow, Chandra Bellasio, Amanda P. Cavanagh, Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez, Michael Dietze, Florian A. Busch, Jens Kattge, Andrew D. B. Leakey, David S. Ellsworth, Mirindi Eric Dusenge, James A. Bunce, Colin P. Osborne, Balasaheb V. Sonawane, Elizabeth A. Ainsworth, Alistair Rogers, Katherine Meacham-Hensold, Jeffrey M. Warren, Angela C. Burnett, Youngryel Ryu, Christopher M. Gough, Carl J. Bernacchi, Charuleka Varadharajan, David J. P. Moore, Vigdis Vandvik, Trevor F. Keenan, Michael J. Aspinwall, Johannes Kromdijk, Jeremiah Anderson, Kim S. Ely, Paul P. G. Gauthier, Burnett, Angela [0000-0002-2678-9842], Kromdijk, Johannes [0000-0003-4423-4100], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Computer science, Information repository, Reuse, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Data type, Documentation, Information and Computing Sciences, Irradiance, Data reporting, Photosynthesis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Metadata, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Applied Mathematics, Ecological Modeling, Data reporting format, 15. Life on land, Biological Sciences, Data science, Discoverability, Computer Science Applications, Data Standard, Data standard, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Carbon dioxide, 13. Climate action, Modeling and Simulation, ddc:333.7
Abstract

Leaf-level gas exchange data support the mechanistic understanding of plant fluxes of carbon and water. These fluxes inform our understanding of ecosystem function, are an important constraint on parameterization of terrestrial biosphere models, are necessary to understand the response of plants to global environmental change, and are integral to efforts to improve crop production. Collection of these data using gas analyzers can be both technically challenging and time consuming, and individual studies generally focus on a small range of species, restricted time periods, or limited geographic regions. The high value of these data is exemplified by the many publications that reuse and synthesize gas exchange data, however the lack of metadata and data reporting conventions make full and efficient use of these data difficult. Here we propose a reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata to provide guidance to data contributors on how to store data in repositories to maximize their discoverability, facilitate their efficient reuse, and add value to individual datasets. For data users, the reporting format will better allow data repositories to optimize data search and extraction, and more readily integrate similar data into harmonized synthesis products. The reporting format specifies data table variable naming and unit conventions, as well as metadata characterizing experimental conditions and protocols. For common data types that were the focus of this initial version of the reporting format, i.e., survey measurements, dark respiration, carbon dioxide and light response curves, and parameters derived from those measurements, we took a further step of defining required additional data and metadata that would maximize the potential reuse of those data types. To aid data contributors and the development of data ingest tools by data repositories we provided a translation table comparing the outputs of common gas exchange instruments. Extensive consultation with data collectors, data users, instrument manufacturers, and data scientists was undertaken in order to ensure that the reporting format met community needs. The reporting format presented here is intended to form a foundation for future development that will incorporate additional data types and variables as gas exchange systems and measurement approaches advance in the future. The reporting format is published in the U.S. Department of Energy's ESS-DIVE data repository, with documentation and future development efforts being maintained in a version control system. publishedVersion

Published
2021

48. Seeing the Canopy for the Branches: Improved Within Canopy Scaling of Leaf Nitrogen

Author

Peter B. Reich, Peter E. Thornton, Jens Kattge, Kirk R. Wythers, Habacuc Flores-Moreno, Ethan E. Butler, Daniel M. Ricciuto, and Ming Chen

Subjects
Canopy, Physical geography, Global and Planetary Change, photosynthesis, land surface, chemistry.chemical_element, modeling, GC1-1581, Oceanography, Photosynthesis, Atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, nitrogen, GB3-5030, chemistry, vegetation, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, medicine.symptom, Vegetation (pathology), climate, Scaling
Abstract

Transitioning across biological scales is a central challenge in land surface models. Processes that operate at the scale of individual leaves must be scaled to canopies, and this is done using dedicated submodels. Here, we focus on a submodel that prescribes how light and nitrogen are distributed through plant canopies. We found a mathematical inconsistency in a submodel implemented in the Community and Energy Land Models (CLM and ELM), which incorporates twigs, branches, stems, and dead leaves in nitrogen scaling from leaf to canopy. The inconsistency leads to unrealistic (physically impossible) values of the nitrogen scaling coefficient. The mathematical inconsistency is a general mistake, that is, would occur in any model adopting this particular submodel. We resolve the inconsistency by allowing distinct profiles of stems and branches versus living leaves. We implemented the updated scheme in the ELM and find that the correction reduces global mean gross primary production (GPP) by 3.9 Pg C (3%). Further, when stems and branches are removed from the canopy in the updated model (akin to models that ignore shading from stems), global GPP increases by 4.1 Pg C (3.2%), because of reduced shading. Hence, models that entirely ignore stem shading also introduce errors in the global spatial distribution of GPP estimates, with a strong signal in the tropics, increasing GPP there by over 200 g C m−2 yr−1. Appropriately incorporating stems and other nonphotosynthesizing material into the light and nitrogen scaling routines of global land models, will improve their biological realism and accuracy.

Published
2020

49. Understanding Intraspecific Trait Variability Using Digital Herbarium Specimen Images

Author

Vamsi Krishna Kommineni, Jitendra Gaikwad, Susanne Tautenhahn, Jens Kattge, and Pramod Baddam

Subjects
spatio-temporal scales, intraspecific variability, iDigBio, General Medicine, Biology, Intraspecific competition, Herbarium, GBIF, Evolutionary biology, TRY database, plant traits, TraitEx, Trait, Plant traits, morphological leaf traits
Abstract

Plant traits are vital to quantify, understand and predict plant and vegetation ecology, including responses to environmental and climate change. Leaf traits are among the best sampled, with more than 200,000 records for individual traits. Nevertheless, their coverage is still strongly limited, especially with respect to characterizing variation within species and across longer time scales. However, to date, more than 3000 herbaria worldwide have collected 390 million plant specimens, dating from the 16th century. At present, the herbarium specimens are rapidly digitized and the images are made openly available to facilitate research and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we determined the potential of the digitized herbarium specimens images to: overcome limitations of data availability for quantitative leaf traits such as the area, length, width along with petiole length and use the trait values to understand the intraspecific variability across spatio-temporal scales. overcome limitations of data availability for quantitative leaf traits such as the area, length, width along with petiole length and use the trait values to understand the intraspecific variability across spatio-temporal scales. For the study, initially, specimen metadata was analysed from various online resources such as the Global Plants Database, Natural History Museum Paris, iDigBio and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Based on the completeness of the metadata, image availability, and the ease of measuring the leaf traits, we selected Salix bebbiana, Alnus incana, Viola canina, Salix glauca, Impatiens capensis, Chenopodium album, and Solanum dulcamara for the study. The semi-automated tool TraitEx (Gaikwad et al. 2019) was used to measure quantitative leaf traits such as the leaf area, perimeter, width, length and petiole length. Finally, excluding duplicates, we downloaded 17383 digital herbarium specimen images from iDigBio and GBIF, which included specimens from the 17th century to the present. However, about 5000 had insufficient information or quality issues, including not-yet-identified duplicates, or no intact leaves. For each selected image we measured four leaf traits - area, length, width and perimeter of the leaf blade - on up to 5 leaves. In sum, we collected about 120,000 trait records from 32009 leaves. Comparison of measured leaf traits to data from the TRY Plant Trait database (Kattge et al. 2019) revealed that we could improve the database for studying intraspecific trait variability by several orders of magnitude (from less than 10-100 records per species to >1000). The variation of trait records within the seven species shows reasonable patterns, which improves trust in the data quality. The extracted trait measurements were used to analyse the intraspecific variability for the species across different spatio-temporal resolutions. Machine learning method (random forest) was used to perform the analysis and the results revealed the imprint of spatial and temporal climate variation, including long term trends and climate change as well as seasonality effects, on leaf area. Through this study, we demonstrate the high benefits of digitizing herbarium specimens and reusing it for research studies to improve ecological knowledge and predictability of size-related leaf traits.

Published
2020

50. Global Root Traits (GRooT) Database

Author

Jens Kattge, Joseph M. Craine, Lawren Sack, Jasper van Ruijven, Koen Kramer, Franciska T. de Vries, Christopher J. Sweeney, Juli G. Pausas, Catherine Roumet, Josep Peñuelas, Peter M. van Bodegom, Marney E. Isaac, Ina C. Meier, Grégoire T. Freschet, Liesje Mommer, Christian Ammer, Helge Bruelheide, Peter B. Reich, Fons van der Plas, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Colleen M. Iversen, Fernando Valladares, Marina Semchenko, Peter Manning, Larry M. York, Vanessa Minden, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Bill Shipley, Thomas W. Kuyper, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Isabelle Aubin, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Daniel C. Laughlin, Hendrik Poorter, Eric G. Lamb, Justin P. Wright, M. Luke McCormack, Stuart W. Smith, Bradley J. Butterfield, Jane A. Catford, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Patrick Weigelt, Rubén Milla, Christian König, Matthias C. Rillig, Alexandra Weigelt, Adam R. Martin, Leho Tedersoo, Joana Bergmann, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Leipzig University, Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Wyoming (UW), Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg August University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 - Faculté des Sciences humaines et des sciences de l'environnement ( UPVM UM3 UFR3), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), University of Manchester [Manchester], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Canadian Forest Service - CFS (CANADA), King‘s College London, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Department of Computer Science [University of Toronto] (DCS), University of Toronto, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), University of Oldenburg, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Leiden University, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Jonah Ventures, Boulder, CO, USA, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of Toronto [Scarborough, Canada], Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), University of Tartu, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Duke University [Durham], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universiteit Leiden, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of California (UC), Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Systems Ecology, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Root (linguistics), Biome, Subspecies, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), ddc:550, publicly‐available database, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Database, Ecology, Soil Biology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 550 Geowissenschaften, Level of measurement, Technologie and Innovatie, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Kennis, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Set (abstract data type), functional biogeography, publicly-available database, macroecological studies, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bodembiologie, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Taxon, Belowground ecology, root traits, Global Root Traits, Data quality, plant form and function, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie, computer, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

[Motivation]: Trait data are fundamental to the quantitative description of plant form and function. Although root traits capture key dimensions related to plant responses to changing environmental conditions and effects on ecosystem processes, they have rarely been included in large-scale comparative studies and global models. For instance, root traits remain absent from nearly all studies that define the global spectrum of plant form and function. Thus, to overcome conceptual and methodological roadblocks preventing a widespread integration of root trait data into large-scale analyses we created the Global Root Trait (GRooT) Database. GRooT provides ready to use data by combining the expertise of root ecologists with data mobilization and curation. Specifically, we (a) determined a set of core root traits relevant to the description of plant form and function based on an assessment by experts, (b) maximized species coverage through data standardization within and among traits, and (c) implemented data quality checks., [Main types of variables contained]: GRooT contains 114,222 trait records on 38 continuous root traits.Spatial location and grain: Global coverage with data from arid, continental, polar, temperate and tropical biomes. Data on root traits were derived from experimental studies and field studies., [Time period and grain]: Data were recorded between 1911 and 2019., [Major taxa and level of measurement]: GRooT includes root trait data for which taxonomic information is available. Trait records vary in their taxonomic resolution, with subspecies or varieties being the highest and genera the lowest taxonomic resolution available. It contains information for 184 subspecies or varieties, 6,214 species, 1,967 genera and 254 families. Owing to variation in data sources, trait records in the database include both individual observations and mean values., [Software format]: GRooT includes two csv files. A GitHub repository contains the csv files and a script in R to query the database., The study has been supported by the TRY initiative on plant traits (http://www.try-db.org). The TRY initiative and database are hosted, developed and maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany. TRY is currently supported by DIVERSITAS/Future Earth and the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig. Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

Published
2020

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