37 results on '"Kauffman, Kevin"'
Search Results
2. NAD depletion mediates cytotoxicity in human neurons with autophagy deficiency
- Author
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Sun, Congxin, Seranova, Elena, Cohen, Malkiel A., Chipara, Miruna, Roberts, Jennie, Astuti, Dewi, Palhegyi, Adina M., Acharjee, Animesh, Sedlackova, Lucia, Kataura, Tetsushi, Otten, Elsje G., Panda, Prashanta K., Lara-Reyna, Samuel, Korsgen, Miriam E., Kauffman, Kevin J., Huerta-Uribe, Alejandro, Zatyka, Malgorzata, Silva, Luiz F.S.E., Torresi, Jorge, Zhang, Shupei, Hughes, Georgina W., Ward, Carl, Kuechler, Erich R., Cartwright, David, Trushin, Sergey, Trushina, Eugenia, Sahay, Gaurav, Buganim, Yosef, Lavery, Gareth G., Gsponer, Joerg, Anderson, Daniel G., Frickel, Eva-Maria, Rosenstock, Tatiana R., Barrett, Timothy, Maddocks, Oliver D.K., Tennant, Daniel A., Wang, Haoyi, Jaenisch, Rudolf, Korolchuk, Viktor I., and Sarkar, Sovan
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Identification of Novel Fibrosis Modifiers by In Vivo siRNA Silencing
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Vollmann, Elisabeth H, Cao, Lizhi, Amatucci, Aldo, Reynolds, Taylor, Hamann, Stefan, Dalkilic-Liddle, Isin, Cameron, Thomas O, Hossbach, Markus, Kauffman, Kevin J, Mir, Faryal F, Anderson, Daniel G, Novobrantseva, Tatiana, Koteliansky, Victor, Kisseleva, Tatiana, Brenner, David, Duffield, Jeremy, and Burkly, Linda C
- Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Liver Disease ,Digestive Diseases ,Biotechnology ,Genetics ,Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Egr2 ,LNP ,fibrosis ,in vivo gene silencing ,myofibroblast ,siRNA ,Clinical Sciences ,Biochemistry and cell biology - Abstract
Fibrotic diseases contribute to 45% of deaths in the industrialized world, and therefore a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying tissue fibrosis is sorely needed. We aimed to identify novel modifiers of tissue fibrosis expressed by myofibroblasts and their progenitors in their disease microenvironment through RNA silencing in vivo. We leveraged novel biology, targeting genes upregulated during liver and kidney fibrosis in this cell lineage, and employed small interfering RNA (siRNA)-formulated lipid nanoparticles technology to silence these genes in carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. We identified five genes, Egr2, Atp1a2, Fkbp10, Fstl1, and Has2, which modified fibrogenesis based on their silencing, resulting in reduced Col1a1 mRNA levels and collagen accumulation in the liver. These genes fell into different groups based on the effects of their silencing on a transcriptional mini-array and histological outcomes. Silencing of Egr2 had the broadest effects in vivo and also reduced fibrogenic gene expression in a human fibroblast cell line. Prior to our study, Egr2, Atp1a2, and Fkbp10 had not been functionally validated in fibrosis in vivo. Thus, our results provide a major advance over the existing knowledge of fibrogenic pathways. Our study is the first example of a targeted siRNA assay to identify novel fibrosis modifiers in vivo.
- Published
- 2017
4. Antibodies Targeting Human or Mouse VSIG4 Repolarize Tumor-Associated Macrophages Providing the Potential of Potent and Specific Clinical Anti-Tumor Response Induced across Multiple Cancer Types.
- Author
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Sazinsky, Stephen, Zafari, Mohammad, Klebanov, Boris, Ritter, Jessica, Nguyen, Phuong A., Phennicie, Ryan T., Wahle, Joe, Kauffman, Kevin J., Razlog, Maja, Manfra, Denise, Feldman, Igor, and Novobrantseva, Tatiana
- Subjects
T cells ,MACROPHAGES ,COMPLEMENT receptors ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,IMMUNE response ,CHEMOKINE receptors ,CXCR4 receptors ,MICE - Abstract
V-set immunoglobulin domain-containing 4 (VSIG4) is a B7 family protein with known roles as a C3 fragment complement receptor involved in pathogen clearance and a negative regulator of T cell activation by an undetermined mechanism. VSIG4 expression is specific for tumor-associated and select tissue-resident macrophages. Increased expression of VSIG4 has been associated with worse survival in multiple cancer indications. Based upon computational analysis of transcript data across thousands of tumor and normal tissue samples, we hypothesized that VSIG4 has an important role in promoting M2-like immune suppressive macrophages and that targeting VSIG4 could relieve VSIG4-mediated macrophage suppression by repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to an inflammatory phenotype. We have also observed a cancer-specific pattern of VSIG4 isoform distribution, implying a change in the functional regulation in cancer. Through a series of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo assays we demonstrate that anti-VSIG4 antibodies repolarize M2 macrophages and induce an immune response culminating in T cell activation. Anti-VSIG4 antibodies induce pro-inflammatory cytokines in M-CSF plus IL-10-driven human monocyte-derived M2c macrophages. Across patient-derived tumor samples from multiple tumor types, anti-VSIG4 treatment resulted in the upregulation of cytokines associated with TAM repolarization and T cell activation and chemokines involved in immune cell recruitment. VSIG4 blockade is also efficacious in a syngeneic mouse model as monotherapy as it enhances efficacy in combination with anti-PD-1, and the effect is dependent on the systemic availability of CD8
+ T cells. Thus, VSIG4 represents a promising new target capable of triggering an anti-cancer response via multiple key immune mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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5. In Vivo RNAi-Mediated eIF3m Knockdown Affects Ribosome Biogenesis and Transcription but Has Limited Impact on mRNA-Specific Translation
- Author
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Smekalova, Elena M., Gerashchenko, Maxim V., O’Connor, Patrick B.F., Whittaker, Charles A., Kauffman, Kevin J., Fefilova, Anna S., Zatsepin, Timofei S., Bogorad, Roman L., Baranov, Pavel V., Langer, Robert, Gladyshev, Vadim N., Anderson, Daniel G., and Koteliansky, Victor
- Published
- 2020
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6. PSGL-1 Blockade Induces Classical Activation of Human Tumor-Associated Macrophages
- Author
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Kauffman, Kevin, primary, Manfra, Denise, additional, Nowakowska, Dominika, additional, Zafari, Mohammad, additional, Nguyen, Phuong A, additional, Phennicie, Ryan, additional, Vollmann, Elisabeth H, additional, O'Nuallain, Brian, additional, Basinski, Sara, additional, Komoroski, Veronica, additional, Rooney, Kate, additional, Culyba, Elizabeth K, additional, Wahle, Joseph, additional, Ries, Carola, additional, Brehm, Michael, additional, Sazinsky, Stephen, additional, Feldman, Igor, additional, and Novobrantseva, Tatiana I., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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7. Barcoded nanoparticles for high throughput in vivo discovery of targeted therapeutics
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Dahlman, James E., Kauffman, Kevin J., Xing, Yiping, Shaw, Taylor E., Mir, Faryal F., Dlott, Chloe C., Langer, Robert, Anderson, Daniel G., and Wang, Eric T.
- Published
- 2017
8. Efficacy and immunogenicity of unmodified and pseudouridine-modified mRNA delivered systemically with lipid nanoparticles in vivo
- Author
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Kauffman, Kevin J., Mir, Faryal F., Jhunjhunwala, Siddharth, Kaczmarek, James C., Hurtado, Juan E., Yang, Jung H., Webber, Matthew J., Kowalski, Piotr S., Heartlein, Michael W., DeRosa, Frank, and Anderson, Daniel G.
- Published
- 2016
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9. Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate Promotes Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation Via the Interplay of OATP2B1 and Dll4-Notch Signaling: Potential Mechanism for Accelerated Atherogenesis in Chronic Kidney Disease
- Author
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Nakano, Toshiaki, Katsuki, Shunsuke, Chen, Mingxian, Decano, Julius L., Halu, Arda, Lee, Lang Ho, Pestana, Diego V. S., Kum, Angelo S. T., Kuromoto, Rodrigo K., Golden, Whitney S., Boff, Mario S., Guimaraes, Gabriel C., Higashi, Hideyuki, Kauffman, Kevin J., Maejima, Takashi, Suzuki, Takehiro, Iwata, Hiroshi, Barabási, Albert-László, Aster, Jon C., Anderson, Daniel G., Sharma, Amitabh, Singh, Sasha A., Aikawa, Elena, and Aikawa, Masanori
- Published
- 2019
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10. Abstract P107: PSGL-1 blocking antibodies repolarize tumor associated macrophages, reduce suppressive myeloid populations and induce inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, leading to suppression of tumor growth
- Author
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Nguyen, Ani, primary, Ritter, Jessica, additional, Zafari, Mohammad, additional, Manfra, Denise, additional, Komoroski, Veronica, additional, O'Nuallain, Brian, additional, Phennicie, Ryan, additional, Kauffman, Kevin, additional, Nowakowska, Dominika, additional, Wahle, Joe, additional, Sazinsky, Steve, additional, Brehm, Michael, additional, Feldman, Igor, additional, and Novobrantseva, Tatiana, additional
- Published
- 2021
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11. 877 PSGL-1 blocking antibodies repolarize tumor associated macrophages, reduce suppressive myeloid populations and induce inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, leading to suppression of tumor growth
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Nguyen, Phuong, primary, Ritter, Jessica, additional, Zafari, Mohammad, additional, Manfra, Denise, additional, Komoroski, Veronica, additional, O’Nuallain, Brian, additional, Phennicie, Ryan, additional, Kauffman, Kevin, additional, Nowakowska, Dominika, additional, Wahle, Joe, additional, Sazinsky, Steve, additional, Brehm, Michael, additional, Feldman, Igor, additional, and Novobrantseva, Tatiana, additional
- Published
- 2021
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12. In Vivo RNAi-Mediated eIF3m Knockdown Affects Ribosome Biogenesis and Transcription but Has Limited Impact on mRNA-Specific Translation
- Author
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Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Smekalova, Elena M, Gerashchenko, Maxim V, O’Connor, Patrick BF, Whittaker, Charles A, Kauffman, Kevin J, Fefilova, Anna S, Zatsepin, Timofei S, Bogorad, Roman L, Baranov, Pavel V, Langer, Robert, Gladyshev, Vadim N, Anderson, Daniel G, Koteliansky, Victor, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Smekalova, Elena M, Gerashchenko, Maxim V, O’Connor, Patrick BF, Whittaker, Charles A, Kauffman, Kevin J, Fefilova, Anna S, Zatsepin, Timofei S, Bogorad, Roman L, Baranov, Pavel V, Langer, Robert, Gladyshev, Vadim N, Anderson, Daniel G, and Koteliansky, Victor
- Abstract
© 2019 Translation is an essential biological process, and dysregulation is associated with a range of diseases including ribosomopathies, diabetes, and cancer. Here, we examine translation dysregulation in vivo using RNAi to knock down the m-subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF3 in the mouse liver. Transcriptome sequencing, ribosome profiling, whole proteome, and phosphoproteome analyses show that eIF3m deficiency leads to the transcriptional response and changes in cellular translation that yield few detectable differences in the translation of particular mRNAs. The transcriptional response fell into two main categories: ribosome biogenesis (increased transcription of ribosomal proteins) and cell metabolism (alterations in lipid, amino acid, nucleic acid, and drug metabolism). Analysis of ribosome biogenesis reveals inhibition of rRNA processing, highlighting decoupling of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal protein gene transcription in response to eIF3m knockdown. Interestingly, a similar reduction in eIF3m protein levels is associated with induction of the mTOR pathway in vitro but not in vivo. Overall, this work highlights the utility of a RNAi-based in vivo approach for studying the regulation of mammalian translation in vivo.
- Published
- 2021
13. Inhaled Nanoformulated mRNA Polyplexes for Protein Production in Lung Epithelium
- Author
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David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Patel, Asha Kumari, Kaczmarek, James Cliff, Bose, Suman, Kauffman, Kevin John, Mir, Faryal, Heartlein, Michael W., DeRosa, Frank, Langer, Robert S, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Patel, Asha Kumari, Kaczmarek, James Cliff, Bose, Suman, Kauffman, Kevin John, Mir, Faryal, Heartlein, Michael W., DeRosa, Frank, Langer, Robert S, and Anderson, Daniel Griffith
- Abstract
Noninvasive aerosol inhalation is an established method of drug delivery to the lung, and remains a desirable route for nucleic-acid-based therapeutics. In vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA has broad therapeutic applicability as it permits temporal and dose-dependent control of encoded protein expression. Inhaled delivery of IVT-mRNA has not yet been demonstrated and requires development of safe and effective materials. To meet this need, hyperbranched poly(beta amino esters) (hPBAEs) are synthesized to enable nanoformulation of stable and concentrated polyplexes suitable for inhalation. This strategy achieves uniform distribution of luciferase mRNA throughout all five lobes of the lung and produces 101.2 ng g −1 of luciferase protein 24 h after inhalation of hPBAE polyplexes. Importantly, delivery is localized to the lung, and no luminescence is observed in other tissues. Furthermore, using an Ai14 reporter mouse model it is identified that 24.6% of the total lung epithelial cell population is transfected after a single dose. Repeat dosing of inhaled hPBAE-mRNA generates consistent protein production in the lung, without local or systemic toxicity. The results indicate that nebulized delivery of IVT-mRNA facilitated by hPBAE vectors may provide a clinically relevant delivery system to lung epithelium. Keywords: biomaterials; gene delivery; inhalation; messenger RNA; topology, National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Grant P30‐CA14051)
- Published
- 2019
14. Rapid, Single-Cell Analysis and Discovery of Vectored mRNA Transfection In Vivo with a loxP-Flanked tdTomato Reporter Mouse
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Kauffman, Kevin John, Oberli, Matthias, Dorkin, Joseph Robert, Hurtado, Juan E., Kaczmarek, James Cliff, Bhadani, Shivani, Wyckoff, Jeffrey, Langer, Robert S, Jaklenec, Ana, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Kauffman, Kevin John, Oberli, Matthias, Dorkin, Joseph Robert, Hurtado, Juan E., Kaczmarek, James Cliff, Bhadani, Shivani, Wyckoff, Jeffrey, Langer, Robert S, Jaklenec, Ana, and Anderson, Daniel Griffith
- Abstract
mRNA therapeutics hold promise for the treatment of diseases requiring intracellular protein expression and for use in genome editing systems, but mRNA must transfect the desired tissue and cell type to be efficacious. Nanoparticle vectors that deliver the mRNA are often evaluated using mRNA encoding for reporter genes such as firefly luciferase (FLuc); however, single-cell resolution of mRNA expression cannot generally be achieved with FLuc, and, thus, the transfected cell populations cannot be determined without additional steps or experiments. To more rapidly identify which types of cells an mRNA formulation transfects in vivo, we describe a Cre recombinase (Cre)-based system that permanently expresses fluorescent tdTomato protein in transfected cells of genetically modified mice. Following in vivo application of vectored Cre mRNA, it is possible to visualize successfully transfected cells via Cre-mediated tdTomato expression in bulk tissues and with single-cell resolution. Using this system, we identify previously unknown transfected cell types of an existing mRNA delivery vehicle in vivo and also develop a new mRNA formulation capable of transfecting lung endothelial cells. Importantly, the same formulations with mRNA encoding for fluorescent protein delivered to wild-type mice did not produce sufficient signal for any visualization in vivo, demonstrating the significantly improved sensitivity of our Cre-based system. We believe that the system described here may facilitate the identification and characterization of mRNA delivery vectors to new tissues and cell types. Keywords: mRNA; nanoparticles; reporter mouse; single-cell analysis; flow cytometry, National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Grant P30‐CA14051)
- Published
- 2019
15. Cell-Cycle-Targeting MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Tools against Refractory Cancers
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Hydbring, Per, Wang, Yinan, Fassl, Anne, Li, Xiaoting, Matia, Veronica, Otto, Tobias, Choi, Yoon Jong, Sweeney, Katharine E., Suski, Jan M., Yin, Hao, Bogorad, Roman, Goel, Shom, Yuzugullu, Haluk, Kauffman, Kevin John, Yang, Jung H, Jin, Chong, Li, Yingxiang, Floris, Davide, Swanson, Richard, Ng, Kimmie, Sicinska, Ewa, Anders, Lars, Zhao, Jean J., Polyak, Kornelia, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Li, Cheng, Sicinski, Piotr, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Hydbring, Per, Wang, Yinan, Fassl, Anne, Li, Xiaoting, Matia, Veronica, Otto, Tobias, Choi, Yoon Jong, Sweeney, Katharine E., Suski, Jan M., Yin, Hao, Bogorad, Roman, Goel, Shom, Yuzugullu, Haluk, Kauffman, Kevin John, Yang, Jung H, Jin, Chong, Li, Yingxiang, Floris, Davide, Swanson, Richard, Ng, Kimmie, Sicinska, Ewa, Anders, Lars, Zhao, Jean J., Polyak, Kornelia, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Li, Cheng, and Sicinski, Piotr
- Abstract
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are hyperactivated in numerous human tumors. To identify means of interfering with cyclins/CDKs, we performed nine genome-wide screens for human microRNAs (miRNAs) directly regulating cell-cycle proteins. We uncovered a distinct class of miRNAs that target nearly all cyclins/CDKs, which are very effective in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. By profiling the response of over 120 human cancer cell lines, we derived an expression-based algorithm that can predict the response of tumors to cell-cycle-targeting miRNAs. Using systemic administration of nanoparticle-formulated miRNAs, we inhibited tumor progression in seven mouse xenograft models, including three treatment-refractory patient-derived tumors, without affecting normal tissues. Our results highlight the utility of using cell-cycle-targeting miRNAs for treatment of refractory cancer types. Keywords: cell cycle; cyclins; cyclin-dependent kinases; microRNAs; cancers
- Published
- 2019
16. Inhaled Nanoformulated mRNA Polyplexes for Protein Production in Lung Epithelium
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Patel, Asha Kumari, Kaczmarek, James Cliff, Bose, Suman, Kauffman, Kevin John, Mir, Faryal, Heartlein, Michael W., DeRosa, Frank, Langer, Robert S, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Patel, Asha Kumari, Kaczmarek, James Cliff, Bose, Suman, Kauffman, Kevin John, Mir, Faryal, Heartlein, Michael W., DeRosa, Frank, Langer, Robert S, and Anderson, Daniel Griffith
- Abstract
Noninvasive aerosol inhalation is an established method of drug delivery to the lung, and remains a desirable route for nucleic-acid-based therapeutics. In vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA has broad therapeutic applicability as it permits temporal and dose-dependent control of encoded protein expression. Inhaled delivery of IVT-mRNA has not yet been demonstrated and requires development of safe and effective materials. To meet this need, hyperbranched poly(beta amino esters) (hPBAEs) are synthesized to enable nanoformulation of stable and concentrated polyplexes suitable for inhalation. This strategy achieves uniform distribution of luciferase mRNA throughout all five lobes of the lung and produces 101.2 ng g −1 of luciferase protein 24 h after inhalation of hPBAE polyplexes. Importantly, delivery is localized to the lung, and no luminescence is observed in other tissues. Furthermore, using an Ai14 reporter mouse model it is identified that 24.6% of the total lung epithelial cell population is transfected after a single dose. Repeat dosing of inhaled hPBAE-mRNA generates consistent protein production in the lung, without local or systemic toxicity. The results indicate that nebulized delivery of IVT-mRNA facilitated by hPBAE vectors may provide a clinically relevant delivery system to lung epithelium. Keywords: biomaterials; gene delivery; inhalation; messenger RNA; topology, National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Grant P30‐CA14051)
- Published
- 2019
17. Structure-guided chemical modification of guide RNA enables potent non-viral in vivo genome editing
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Yin, Hao, Song, Chun-Qing, Suresh, Sneha, Wu, Qiongqiong, Walsh, Stephen C, Rhym, Luke Hyunsik, Mintzer, Esther, Bolukbasi, Mehmet Fatih, Zhu, Lihua Julie, Kauffman, Kevin John, Mou, Haiwei, Oberholzer, Alicia, Ding, Junmei, Kwan, Suet-Yan, Bogorad, Roman, Zatsepin, Timofei, Koteliansky, Victor, Wolfe, Scot A, Xue, Wen, Langer, Robert, Langer, Robert S, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Yin, Hao, Song, Chun-Qing, Suresh, Sneha, Wu, Qiongqiong, Walsh, Stephen C, Rhym, Luke Hyunsik, Mintzer, Esther, Bolukbasi, Mehmet Fatih, Zhu, Lihua Julie, Kauffman, Kevin John, Mou, Haiwei, Oberholzer, Alicia, Ding, Junmei, Kwan, Suet-Yan, Bogorad, Roman, Zatsepin, Timofei, Koteliansky, Victor, Wolfe, Scot A, Xue, Wen, Langer, Robert, Langer, Robert S, and Anderson, Daniel Griffith
- Abstract
Efficient genome editing with Cas9-sgRNA in vivo has required the use of viral delivery systems, which have limitations for clinical applications. Translational efforts to develop other RNA therapeutics have shown that judicious chemical modification of RNAs can improve therapeutic efficacy by reducing susceptibility to nuclease degradation. Guided by the structure of the Cas9-sgRNA complex, we identify regions of sgRNA that can be modified while maintaining or enhancing genome-editing activity, and we develop an optimal set of chemical modifications for in vivo applications. Using lipid nanoparticle formulations of these enhanced sgRNAs (e-sgRNA) and mRNA encoding Cas9, we show that a single intravenous injection into mice induces >80% editing of Pcsk9 in the liver. Serum Pcsk9 is reduced to undetectable levels, and cholesterol levels are significantly lowered about 35% to 40% in animals. This strategy may enable non-viral, Cas9-based genome editing in the liver in clinical settings.
- Published
- 2019
18. Identification of Novel Fibrosis Modifiers by In Vivo siRNA Silencing
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Kauffman, Kevin John, Mir, Faryal, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Kauffman, Kevin John, Mir, Faryal, and Anderson, Daniel Griffith
- Abstract
Fibrotic diseases contribute to 45% of deaths in the industrialized world, and therefore a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying tissue fibrosis is sorely needed. We aimed to identify novel modifiers of tissue fibrosis expressed by myofibroblasts and their progenitors in their disease microenvironment through RNA silencing in vivo. We leveraged novel biology, targeting genes upregulated during liver and kidney fibrosis in this cell lineage, and employed small interfering RNA (siRNA)-formulated lipid nanoparticles technology to silence these genes in carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. We identified five genes, Egr2, Atp1a2, Fkbp10, Fstl1, and Has2, which modified fibrogenesis based on their silencing, resulting in reduced Col1a1 mRNA levels and collagen accumulation in the liver. These genes fell into different groups based on the effects of their silencing on a transcriptional mini-array and histological outcomes. Silencing of Egr2 had the broadest effects in vivo and also reduced fibrogenic gene expression in a human fibroblast cell line. Prior to our study, Egr2, Atp1a2, and Fkbp10 had not been functionally validated in fibrosis in vivo. Thus, our results provide a major advance over the existing knowledge of fibrogenic pathways. Our study is the first example of a targeted siRNA assay to identify novel fibrosis modifiers in vivo.
- Published
- 2019
19. Efficacy and immunogenicity of unmodified and pseudouridine-modified mRNA delivered systemically with lipid nanoparticles in vivo
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Kauffman, Kevin John, Mir, Faryal, Jhunjhunwala, Siddharth, Kaczmarek, James Cliff, Hurtado, Juan E., Yang, Jung H, Webber, Matthew, Kowalski, Piotr S, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Heartlein, Michael W., DeRosa, Frank, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Kauffman, Kevin John, Mir, Faryal, Jhunjhunwala, Siddharth, Kaczmarek, James Cliff, Hurtado, Juan E., Yang, Jung H, Webber, Matthew, Kowalski, Piotr S, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Heartlein, Michael W., and DeRosa, Frank
- Abstract
mRNA has broad potential for treating diseases requiring protein expression. However, mRNA can also induce an immune response with associated toxicity. Replacement of uridine bases with pseudouridine has been postulated to modulate both mRNA immunogenicity and potency. Here, we explore the immune response and activity of lipid nanoparticle-formulated unmodified and pseudouridine-modified mRNAs administered systemically in vivo. Pseudouridine modification to mRNA had no significant effect on lipid nanoparticle physical properties, protein expression in vivo, or mRNA immunogenicity compared to unmodified mRNA when delivered systemically with liver-targeting lipid nanoparticles, but reduced in vitro transfection levels. Indicators of a transient, extracellular innate immune response to mRNA were observed, including neutrophilia, myeloid cell activation, and up-regulation of four serum cytokines. This study provides insight into the immune responses to mRNA lipid nanoparticles, and suggests that pseudouridine modifications may be unnecessary for therapeutic application of mRNA in the liver. Keywords: mRNA, Base modification, Pseudouridine, Lipid nanoparticle, In vivo, Immmune response, Shire Pharmaceuticals
- Published
- 2018
20. Barcoded nanoparticles for high throughput in vivo discovery of targeted therapeutics
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Dahlman, James, Kauffman, Kevin John, Xing, Yiping, Shaw, Taylor E., Mir, Faryal, Dlott, Chloe C., Langer, Robert S, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Wang, Eric T, Dahlman, James E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Dahlman, James, Kauffman, Kevin John, Xing, Yiping, Shaw, Taylor E., Mir, Faryal, Dlott, Chloe C., Langer, Robert S, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Wang, Eric T, and Dahlman, James E.
- Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics are limited by inefficient delivery to target tissues and cells and by an incomplete understanding of how nanoparticle structure affects biodistribution to off-target organs. Although thousands of nanoparticle formulations have been designed to deliver nucleic acids, most nanoparticles have been tested in cell culture contexts that do not recapitulate systemic in vivo delivery. To increase the number of nanoparticles that could be tested in vivo, we developed a method to simultaneously measure the biodistribution of many chemically distinct nanoparticles. We formulated nanoparticles to carry specific nucleic acid barcodes, administered the pool of particles, and quantified particle biodistribution by deep sequencing the barcodes. This method distinguished previously characterized lung- and liver- targeting nanoparticles and accurately reported relative quantities of nucleic acid delivered to tissues. Barcode sequences did not affect delivery, and no evidence of particle mixing was observed for tested particles. By measuring the biodistribution of 30 nanoparticles to eight tissues simultaneously, we identified chemical properties promoting delivery to some tissues relative to others. Finally, particles that distributed to the liver also silenced gene expression in hepatocytes when formulated with siRNA. This system can facilitate discovery of nanoparticles targeting specific tissues and cells and accelerate the study of relationships between chemical structure and delivery in vivo, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Presidential Graduate Fellowship), National Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research Fellowship Program, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT. Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine, National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Cancer Center Support (Core) Grant P30- CA14051), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program, National Institutes of Health (Grant DP5-OD017865), Kathy and Curt Marble Cancer Research Fund (Koch Institute Frontier Grant)
- Published
- 2018
21. Rapid, Single-Cell Analysis and Discovery of Vectored mRNA Transfection In Vivo with a loxP-Flanked tdTomato Reporter Mouse
- Author
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Kauffman, Kevin J., primary, Oberli, Matthias A., additional, Dorkin, J. Robert, additional, Hurtado, Juan E., additional, Kaczmarek, James C., additional, Bhadani, Shivani, additional, Wyckoff, Jeff, additional, Langer, Robert, additional, Jaklenec, Ana, additional, and Anderson, Daniel G., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Structure-guided chemical modification of guide RNA enables potent non-viral in vivo genome editing
- Author
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Yin, Hao, primary, Song, Chun-Qing, additional, Suresh, Sneha, additional, Wu, Qiongqiong, additional, Walsh, Stephen, additional, Rhym, Luke Hyunsik, additional, Mintzer, Esther, additional, Bolukbasi, Mehmet Fatih, additional, Zhu, Lihua Julie, additional, Kauffman, Kevin, additional, Mou, Haiwei, additional, Oberholzer, Alicia, additional, Ding, Junmei, additional, Kwan, Suet-Yan, additional, Bogorad, Roman L, additional, Zatsepin, Timofei, additional, Koteliansky, Victor, additional, Wolfe, Scot A, additional, Xue, Wen, additional, Langer, Robert, additional, and Anderson, Daniel G, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Optimization and analysis of lipid nanoparticles for in vivo mRNA delivery
- Author
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Daniel G. Anderson., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering., Kauffman, Kevin John, Daniel G. Anderson., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering., and Kauffman, Kevin John
- Abstract
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2017., Cataloged from PDF version of thesis., Includes bibliographical references (pages 153-167)., Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have the potential to treat a diverse array of diseases requiring protein expression, with applications in protein replacement therapies, immunotherapies, and genome engineering. However, the intracellular delivery of mRNA is challenging and necessitates a safe and effective delivery vector. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown considerable promise for the delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) to the liver but their utility as agents for mRNA delivery have only been recently investigated. New delivery materials for mRNA delivery are also being developed which have the potential to transfect nonliver targets, but the screening of these vectors in vivo is low-throughput and it is difficult to determine transfected cell types. There is a need both for efficacious, well-characterized mRNA delivery materials and for methods to facilitate in vivo screening of novel materials. We first developed a generalized strategy to optimize LNP formulations for mRNA delivery to the liver using Design of Experiment methodologies. By simultaneously varying lipid ratios and structures, we developed an optimized formulation which increased the potency of eryrthopoietin-mRNA-loaded LNPs in vivo 7-fold relative to formulations previously used for siRNA delivery. Next, we explored the immune response and activity of base-modified LNPformulated mRNA administered systemically in vivo. We observed indications of a previously uncharacterized transient, extracellular innate immune response to mRNA-LNPs, including neutrophilia, myeloid cell activation, and up-regulation of four serum cytokines. Although we have developed a more efficacious liver-targeting LNP, many mRNA therapies will require delivery to non-liver tissues. Using trial-and-error approaches, we discover novel formulations capable of inducing mRNA expression in vivo in the spleen, lung, and fat. To increase the throughput of in vivo screening, we report a new barcoding-based approach capable o, by Kevin John Kauffman., Ph. D.
- Published
- 2017
24. Bioinspired Alkenyl Amino Alcohol Ionizable Lipid Materials for Highly Potent In Vivo mRNA Delivery
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Fenton, Owen S., Kauffman, Kevin John, McClellan, Rebecca L, Appel, Eric, Dorkin, Joseph Robert, Tibbitt, Mark W, Langer, Robert S, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, DeRosa, Frank, Langer, Robert, Fenton, Owen Shea, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Fenton, Owen S., Kauffman, Kevin John, McClellan, Rebecca L, Appel, Eric, Dorkin, Joseph Robert, Tibbitt, Mark W, Langer, Robert S, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, DeRosa, Frank, Langer, Robert, and Fenton, Owen Shea
- Abstract
Thousands of human diseases could be treated by selectively controlling the expression of specific proteins in vivo. A new series of alkenyl amino alcohol (AAA) ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) capable of delivering human mRNA with unprecedented levels of in vivo efficacy is demonstrated. This study highlights the importance of utilizing synthesis tools in tandem with biological inspiration to understand and improve nucleic acid delivery in vivo., National Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research Fellowship Program, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Wellcome Trust-MIT Postdoctoral Fellowship
- Published
- 2017
25. Therapeutic efficacy in a hemophilia B model using a biosynthetic mRNA liver depot system
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Love, Kerry R., Dorkin, Joseph Robert, Kauffman, Kevin John, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, DeRosa, F, Guild, B, Karve, S, Smith, L, Zhang, J, Yahalom, B, Heartlein, M W, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Love, Kerry R., Dorkin, Joseph Robert, Kauffman, Kevin John, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, DeRosa, F, Guild, B, Karve, S, Smith, L, Zhang, J, Yahalom, B, and Heartlein, M W
- Abstract
DNA-based gene therapy has considerable therapeutic potential, but the challenges associated with delivery continue to limit progress. Messenger RNA (mRNA) has the potential to provide for transient production of therapeutic proteins, without the need for nuclear delivery and without the risk of insertional mutagenesis. Here we describe the sustained delivery of therapeutic proteins in vivo in both rodents and non-human primates via nanoparticle-formulated mRNA. Nanoparticles formulated with lipids and lipid-like materials were developed for delivery of two separate mRNA transcripts encoding either human erythropoietin (hEPO) or factor IX (hFIX) protein. Dose-dependent protein production was observed for each mRNA construct. Upon delivery of hEPO mRNA in mice, serum EPO protein levels reached several orders of magnitude (>125 000-fold) over normal physiological values. Further, an increase in hematocrit (Hct) was established, demonstrating that the exogenous mRNA-derived protein maintained normal activity. The capacity of producing EPO in non-human primates via delivery of formulated mRNA was also demonstrated as elevated EPO protein levels were observed over a 72-h time course. Exemplifying the possible broad utility of mRNA drugs, therapeutically relevant amounts of human FIX (hFIX) protein were achieved upon a single intravenous dose of hFIX mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles in mice. In addition, therapeutic value was established within a hemophilia B (FIX knockout (KO)) mouse model by demonstrating a marked reduction in Hct loss following injury (incision) to FIX KO mice.
- Published
- 2017
26. RNAi targeting multiple cell adhesion molecules reduces immune cell recruitment and vascular inflammation after myocardial infarction
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Dahlman, James, Xing, Yiping, Shaw, Taylor E., Langer, Robert S, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Khan, Omar Fizal, Kauffman, Kevin John, Sager, H. B., Dutta, P., Hulsmans, M., Courties, G., Sun, Y., Heidt, T., Vinegoni, C., Borodovsky, A., Fitzgerald, K., Wojtkiewicz, G. R., Iwamoto, Y., Tricot, B., Libby, P., Weissleder, R., Swirski, F. K., Nahrendorf, M., Dahlman, James E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Dahlman, James, Xing, Yiping, Shaw, Taylor E., Langer, Robert S, Anderson, Daniel Griffith, Khan, Omar Fizal, Kauffman, Kevin John, Sager, H. B., Dutta, P., Hulsmans, M., Courties, G., Sun, Y., Heidt, T., Vinegoni, C., Borodovsky, A., Fitzgerald, K., Wojtkiewicz, G. R., Iwamoto, Y., Tricot, B., Libby, P., Weissleder, R., Swirski, F. K., Nahrendorf, M., and Dahlman, James E.
- Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to a systemic surge of vascular inflammation in mice and humans, resulting in secondary ischemic complications and high mortality. We show that, in ApoE−/− mice with coronary ligation, increased sympathetic tone up-regulates not only hematopoietic leukocyte production but also plaque endothelial expression of adhesion molecules. To counteract the resulting arterial leukocyte recruitment, we developed nanoparticle-based RNA interference (RNAi) that effectively silences five key adhesion molecules. Simultaneously encapsulating small interfering RNA (siRNA)–targeting intercellular cell adhesion molecules 1 and 2 (Icam1 and Icam2), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (Vcam1), and E- and P-selectins (Sele and Selp) into polymeric endothelial-avid nanoparticles reduced post-MI neutrophil and monocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions and decreased matrix-degrading plaque protease activity. Five-gene combination RNAi also curtailed leukocyte recruitment to ischemic myocardium. Therefore, targeted multigene silencing may prevent complications after acute MI., National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grants HL114477, HL117829, HL096576, and K99- HL121076), Massachusetts General Hospital (Research Scholar Award), Harvard Catalyst, Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center
- Published
- 2017
27. Lipid nanoparticle formulation optimization for in vivo mrna Delivery with design of experiment methodologies
- Author
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Kauffman Kevin, Yang Jung, Dorkin Joseph, Mir Faryal, and Anderson Daniel
- Subjects
Messenger RNA ,Histology ,Chemistry ,In vivo ,Design of experiments ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Nanoparticle ,Bioengineering ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2016
28. Identification of Novel Fibrosis Modifiers by In Vivo siRNA Silencing
- Author
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Vollmann, Elisabeth H., primary, Cao, Lizhi, additional, Amatucci, Aldo, additional, Reynolds, Taylor, additional, Hamann, Stefan, additional, Dalkilic-Liddle, Isin, additional, Cameron, Thomas O., additional, Hossbach, Markus, additional, Kauffman, Kevin J., additional, Mir, Faryal F., additional, Anderson, Daniel G., additional, Novobrantseva, Tatiana, additional, Koteliansky, Victor, additional, Kisseleva, Tatiana, additional, Brenner, David, additional, Duffield, Jeremy, additional, and Burkly, Linda C., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Cell-Cycle-Targeting MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Tools against Refractory Cancers
- Author
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Hydbring, Per, primary, Wang, Yinan, additional, Fassl, Anne, additional, Li, Xiaoting, additional, Matia, Veronica, additional, Otto, Tobias, additional, Choi, Yoon Jong, additional, Sweeney, Katharine E., additional, Suski, Jan M., additional, Yin, Hao, additional, Bogorad, Roman L., additional, Goel, Shom, additional, Yuzugullu, Haluk, additional, Kauffman, Kevin J., additional, Yang, Junghoon, additional, Jin, Chong, additional, Li, Yingxiang, additional, Floris, Davide, additional, Swanson, Richard, additional, Ng, Kimmie, additional, Sicinska, Ewa, additional, Anders, Lars, additional, Zhao, Jean J., additional, Polyak, Kornelia, additional, Anderson, Daniel G., additional, Li, Cheng, additional, and Sicinski, Piotr, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Barcoded nanoparticles for high throughput in vivo discovery of targeted therapeutics.
- Author
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Yiping Xing, Shaw, Taylor E., Dahlman, James E., Langer, Robert, Anderson, Daniel G., Mir, Faryal F., Dlott, Chloe C., Kauffman, Kevin J., and Wang, Eric T.
- Subjects
NANOPARTICLES ,THERAPEUTIC nanotechnology ,DRUG delivery systems ,NUCLEIC acids ,GENE therapy ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics are limited by inefficient delivery to target tissues and cells and by an incomplete understanding of how nanoparticle structure affects biodistribution to off-target organs. Although thousands of nanoparticle formulations have been designed to deliver nucleic acids, most nanoparticles have been tested in cell culture contexts that do not recapitulate systemic in vivo delivery. To increase the number of nanoparticles that could be tested in vivo, we developed a method to simultaneously measure the biodistribution of many chemically distinct nanoparticles. We formulated nanoparticles to carry specific nucleic acid barcodes, administered the pool of particles, and quantified particle biodistribution by deep sequencing the barcodes. This method distinguished previously characterized lung- and liver-targeting nanoparticles and accurately reported relative quantities of nucleic acid delivered to tissues. Barcode sequences did not affect delivery, and no evidence of particle mixing was observed for tested particles. By measuring the biodistribution of 30 nanoparticles to eight tissues simultaneously, we identified chemical properties promoting delivery to some tissues relative to others. Finally, particles that distributed to the liver also silenced gene expression in hepatocytes when formulated with siRNA. This system can facilitate discovery of nanoparticles targeting specific tissues and cells and accelerate the study of relationships between chemical structure and delivery in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Waking up to fitness
- Author
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Kauffman, Kevin
- Subjects
Food habits -- Personal narratives ,Personal trainers -- Personal narratives ,Physical fitness -- Personal narratives - Abstract
I'd been a heavy guy my entire life. But after turning 21 and being able to drink, my habits got even worse. I would eat so much junk food and [...]
- Published
- 2003
32. Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate Promotes Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation Via the Interplay of OATP2B1 and Dll4-Notch Signaling.
- Author
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Nakano, Toshiaki, Katsuki, Shunsuke, Chen, Mingxian, Decano, Julius L, Halu, Arda, Lee, Lang Ho, Pestana, Diego V S, Kum, Angelo S T, Kuromoto, Rodrigo K, Golden, Whitney S, Boff, Mario S, Guimaraes, Gabriel C, Higashi, Hideyuki, Kauffman, Kevin J, Maejima, Takashi, Suzuki, Takehiro, Iwata, Hiroshi, Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo, Aster, Jon C, and Anderson, Daniel G
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Letters.
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Maag, Al, Lokken, Todd, Kauffman, Kevin, Streng, Colin, Smith, Matthew, Eaton, Bob, Griffiths, Tim, Krueger, John, Maxwell, Robert W., Toensmeyer, Tom, Brown, Patrick, Lucchesi, Bruno, Foy, Douglas T., Pangonas, Tony, Herns, Danny, Lloyd, Don, Marino, Tina, and Nevell, Skip
- Subjects
SPORTS ,BASEBALL fans ,SPORTS facility design & construction - Abstract
Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in the September 29, 2008 issue, including "Are You Ready for a Howling, Pagan, YouTube, Oktoberfiesta?" by Gary Smith, a photograph by Chuck Solomon of former Yankee catcher Yogi Berra, and "Just My Type," by Dan Patrick.
- Published
- 2008
34. Bioinspired Alkenyl Amino Alcohol Ionizable Lipid Materials for Highly Potent In Vivo mRNA Delivery
- Author
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Mark W. Tibbitt, Rebecca L. McClellan, J. Robert Dorkin, Robert Langer, Frank Derosa, Owen S. Fenton, Eric A. Appel, Kevin J. Kauffman, Daniel G. Anderson, Michael W. Heartlein, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Fenton, Owen S., Kauffman, Kevin John, McClellan, Rebecca L, Appel, Eric, Dorkin, Joseph Robert, Tibbitt, Mark W, Langer, Robert S, and Anderson, Daniel Griffith
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Biological inspiration ,Materials science ,Alcohol ,02 engineering and technology ,Alkenes ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biomimetic Materials ,In vivo ,Humans ,General Materials Science ,RNA, Messenger ,Erythropoietin ,Drug Carriers ,Messenger RNA ,Mechanical Engineering ,RNA ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Amino Alcohols ,Lipids ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Drug delivery ,Nucleic acid ,Nanoparticles ,0210 nano-technology ,Drug carrier - Abstract
Thousands of human diseases could be treated by selectively controlling the expression of specific proteins in vivo. A new series of alkenyl amino alcohol (AAA) ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) capable of delivering human mRNA with unprecedented levels of in vivo efficacy is demonstrated. This study highlights the importance of utilizing synthesis tools in tandem with biological inspiration to understand and improve nucleic acid delivery in vivo., National Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research Fellowship Program, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Wellcome Trust-MIT Postdoctoral Fellowship
- Published
- 2016
35. Efficacy and immunogenicity of unmodified and pseudouridine-modified mRNA delivered systemically with lipid nanoparticles in vivo
- Author
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Kevin J. Kauffman, Michael W. Heartlein, Daniel G. Anderson, Matthew J. Webber, Piotr S. Kowalski, Juan E. Hurtado, Frank Derosa, Siddharth Jhunjhunwala, James C. Kaczmarek, Faryal F. Mir, Jung H. Yang, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Kauffman, Kevin John, Mir, Faryal, Jhunjhunwala, Siddharth, Kaczmarek, James Cliff, Hurtado, Juan E., Yang, Jung H, Webber, Matthew, Kowalski, Piotr S, and Anderson, Daniel Griffith
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Surface Properties ,Biophysics ,Gene Expression ,Bioengineering ,Pharmacology ,Biology ,Transfection ,Pseudouridine ,Article ,Biomaterials ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,In vivo ,Extracellular ,Animals ,Humans ,Myeloid Cells ,RNA, Messenger ,Particle Size ,Messenger RNA ,Innate immune system ,Immunogenicity ,Gene Transfer Techniques ,Molecular biology ,Lipids ,Uridine ,Immunity, Innate ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Liver ,Mechanics of Materials ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Ceramics and Composites ,Cytokines ,Nanoparticles ,Female ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
mRNA has broad potential for treating diseases requiring protein expression. However, mRNA can also induce an immune response with associated toxicity. Replacement of uridine bases with pseudouridine has been postulated to modulate both mRNA immunogenicity and potency. Here, we explore the immune response and activity of lipid nanoparticle-formulated unmodified and pseudouridine-modified mRNAs administered systemically in vivo. Pseudouridine modification to mRNA had no significant effect on lipid nanoparticle physical properties, protein expression in vivo, or mRNA immunogenicity compared to unmodified mRNA when delivered systemically with liver-targeting lipid nanoparticles, but reduced in vitro transfection levels. Indicators of a transient, extracellular innate immune response to mRNA were observed, including neutrophilia, myeloid cell activation, and up-regulation of four serum cytokines. This study provides insight into the immune responses to mRNA lipid nanoparticles, and suggests that pseudouridine modifications may be unnecessary for therapeutic application of mRNA in the liver. Keywords: mRNA, Base modification, Pseudouridine, Lipid nanoparticle, In vivo, Immmune response, Shire Pharmaceuticals
- Published
- 2016
36. Rapid, Single-Cell Analysis and Discovery of Vectored mRNA Transfection In Vivo with a loxP-Flanked tdTomato Reporter Mouse.
- Author
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Kauffman KJ, Oberli MA, Dorkin JR, Hurtado JE, Kaczmarek JC, Bhadani S, Wyckoff J, Langer R, Jaklenec A, and Anderson DG
- Abstract
mRNA therapeutics hold promise for the treatment of diseases requiring intracellular protein expression and for use in genome editing systems, but mRNA must transfect the desired tissue and cell type to be efficacious. Nanoparticle vectors that deliver the mRNA are often evaluated using mRNA encoding for reporter genes such as firefly luciferase (FLuc); however, single-cell resolution of mRNA expression cannot generally be achieved with FLuc, and, thus, the transfected cell populations cannot be determined without additional steps or experiments. To more rapidly identify which types of cells an mRNA formulation transfects in vivo, we describe a Cre recombinase (Cre)-based system that permanently expresses fluorescent tdTomato protein in transfected cells of genetically modified mice. Following in vivo application of vectored Cre mRNA, it is possible to visualize successfully transfected cells via Cre-mediated tdTomato expression in bulk tissues and with single-cell resolution. Using this system, we identify previously unknown transfected cell types of an existing mRNA delivery vehicle in vivo and also develop a new mRNA formulation capable of transfecting lung endothelial cells. Importantly, the same formulations with mRNA encoding for fluorescent protein delivered to wild-type mice did not produce sufficient signal for any visualization in vivo, demonstrating the significantly improved sensitivity of our Cre-based system. We believe that the system described here may facilitate the identification and characterization of mRNA delivery vectors to new tissues and cell types., (Copyright © 2017 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Identification of Novel Fibrosis Modifiers by In Vivo siRNA Silencing.
- Author
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Vollmann EH, Cao L, Amatucci A, Reynolds T, Hamann S, Dalkilic-Liddle I, Cameron TO, Hossbach M, Kauffman KJ, Mir FF, Anderson DG, Novobrantseva T, Koteliansky V, Kisseleva T, Brenner D, Duffield J, and Burkly LC
- Abstract
Fibrotic diseases contribute to 45% of deaths in the industrialized world, and therefore a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying tissue fibrosis is sorely needed. We aimed to identify novel modifiers of tissue fibrosis expressed by myofibroblasts and their progenitors in their disease microenvironment through RNA silencing in vivo. We leveraged novel biology, targeting genes upregulated during liver and kidney fibrosis in this cell lineage, and employed small interfering RNA (siRNA)-formulated lipid nanoparticles technology to silence these genes in carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. We identified five genes, Egr2, Atp1a2, Fkbp10, Fstl1, and Has2, which modified fibrogenesis based on their silencing, resulting in reduced Col1a1 mRNA levels and collagen accumulation in the liver. These genes fell into different groups based on the effects of their silencing on a transcriptional mini-array and histological outcomes. Silencing of Egr2 had the broadest effects in vivo and also reduced fibrogenic gene expression in a human fibroblast cell line. Prior to our study, Egr2, Atp1a2, and Fkbp10 had not been functionally validated in fibrosis in vivo. Thus, our results provide a major advance over the existing knowledge of fibrogenic pathways. Our study is the first example of a targeted siRNA assay to identify novel fibrosis modifiers in vivo., (Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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