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Expansion of a single repetitive DNA sequence, termed a tandem repeat (TR), is known to cause more than 50 diseases1,2. However, repeat expansions are often not explored beyond neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In some cancers, mutations accumulate in short tracts of TRs, a phenomenon termed microsatellite instability; however, larger repeat expansions have not been systematically analysed in cancer3–8. Here we identified TR expansions in 2,622 cancer genomes spanning 29 cancer types. In seven cancer types, we found 160 recurrent repeat expansions (rREs), most of which (155/160) were subtype specific. We found that rREs were non-uniformly distributed in the genome with enrichment near candidate cis-regulatory elements, suggesting a potential role in gene regulation. One rRE, a GAAA-repeat expansion, located near a regulatory element in the first intron of UGT2B7 was detected in 34% of renal cell carcinoma samples and was validated by long-read DNA sequencing. Moreover, in preliminary experiments, treating cells that harbour this rRE with a GAAA-targeting molecule led to a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation. Overall, our results suggest that rREs may be an important but unexplored source of genetic variation in human cancer, and we provide a comprehensive catalogue for further study.

During activation, T cells undergo extensive gene expression changes that shape the properties of cells to exert their effector function. Understanding the regulation of this process could help explain how genetic variants predispose to immune diseases. Here, we mapped genetic effects on gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs)) using single-cell transcriptomics. We profiled 655,349 CD4+ T cells, capturing transcriptional states of unstimulated cells and three time points of cell activation in 119 healthy individuals. This identified 38 cell clusters, including transient clusters that were only present at individual time points of activation. We found 6,407 genes whose expression was correlated with genetic variation, of which 2,265 (35%) were dynamically regulated during activation. Furthermore, 127 genes were regulated by variants associated with immune-mediated diseases, with significant enrichment for dynamic effects. Our results emphasize the importance of studying context-specific gene expression regulation and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying genetic susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association and correlation between patient-reported outcomes associated with xerostomia and salivary flow in polymedicated patients. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) salivary flows were collected. Xerostomia was assessed by a question and the use of Xerostomia Inventory (XI). Oral Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Results: 218 patients were included. 51.8% suffered from xerostomia and 38.1% and 27.5% suffered from UWS and SWS hyposalivation, respectively. Patients with xerostomia, UWS and SWS hyposalivation scored significantly higher on the XI questionnaire than patients without these disorders. However, only patients with xerostomia and UWS hyposalivation were observed to score significantly higher on the OHIP-14 than patients without these alterations. A significant positive correlation was observed between XI and OHIP-14. Significant negative correlations were observed between XI and UWS, and XI and SWS. OHIP-14 was negatively correlated with both salivary flows, but this correlation was only significant between OHIP-14 and UWS flow. Conclusions: Questionnaire XI scores are higher in patients with xerostomia and reduced UWS and SWS flows. However, OHIP-14 is increased in patients with xerostomia and reduced UWS flow. Clinical Relevance: The XI reflects changes in xerostomia and salivary flow so it could be a good questionnaire to assess drug-associated xerostomia in future research studies. However, the OHIP-14 reflects changes in xerostomia level and UWS flow but is not as reliable for assessing changes in SWS flow. Clinical Relevance: The XI reflects changes in xerostomia and salivary flow so it could be a good questionnaire to assess drug-associated xerostomia in future research studies. However, the OHIP-14 reflects changes in xerostomia level and UWS flow but is not as reliable for assessing changes in SWS flow. Trial Registration: None

The annual risks of colonization, skin infection, bloodstream infection (BSI), and disease burden from exposures to antibiotic-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were estimated using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). We estimated the probability of nasal colonization after immersion in wastewater (WW) or greywater (GW) treated across a range of treatment alternatives and subsequent infection. Horizontal gene transfer was incorporated into the treatment model but had little effect on the predicted risk. The cumulative annual probability of infection (resulting from self-inoculation) was most sensitive to the treatment log(10) reduction value (LRV), S. aureus concentration, and the newly calculated morbidity ratios and was below the health benchmark of 10(−4) infections per person per year (ppy) given a treatment LRV of roughly 3.0. The predicted annual disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which were dominated by BSI, were below the health benchmark of 10(−6) DALYs ppy for resistant and susceptible S. aureus, given LRVs of 4.5 and 3.5, respectively. Thus, the estimated infection risks and disease burdens resulting from nasal colonization are below the relevant health benchmarks for risk-based, nonpotable, or potable reuse systems but possibly above for immersion in minimally treated GW or WW. Strain-specific data to characterize dose–response and concentration in WW are needed to substantiate the QMRA.

Pediatric renal tumors account for 3%-11% of childhood cancers, the most common of which is Wilms tumor or nephroblastoma. Epidemiology plays a key role in cancer prevention and control by describing the distribution of cancer and discovering risk factors for cancer. Large pediatric research consortium trials have led to a clearer understanding of pediatric renal tumors, identification of risk factors, and development of more risk-adapted therapies. These therapies have improved event-free and overall survival for children. However, several challenges remain and not all children have benefited from the improved outcomes. In this article, we review the global epidemiology of pediatric renal tumors, including key consortium and global studies. We identify current knowledge gaps and challenges facing both high and low middle-incomes countries.

To make an effective transition towards a circular economy, we must have the responsibility and active participation of all the stakeholders involved, including customers. In this work, we seek to develop an agent-based model to describe and analyze an environmental awareness system in a population, whose behavior is based on an indicator that can change by agent’s interaction and modify its consumption habits. The model is described using the ODD + D protocol, and we use Netlogo software for coding. After model validation process, its results are analyzed to understand how can environmental awareness level, consumption habits and social skills of each individual influence on the average environmental awareness level of a heterogeneous population, which makes simple the identification of emerging behaviors and the forecasting of the potentially recyclable waste according to the quality in the separation at source.

El presente estudio relaciona la inteligencia emocional y el burnout en una muestra de 294 docentes de genero femenino de educación inicial en Ayacucho, de 23 a 65 años (Medad = 40). Se utilizó la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional (WLEIS) y el Cuestionario de Burnout del Profesorado Revisado (CBP-R). Los resultados reportaron que existen correlaciones negativas entre el burnout y el uso (rnúcleo del burnout = -.38; rfalta de realización = -.33; p < .01), regulación (rnúcleo del burnout = -.28; rfalta de realización = -.26; p < .01), valoración de las propias emociones (rburnout nucleus = -.25 rfalta de realización = -.21; p < .01). Por otro parte, al comparar la inteligencia emocional y el burnout con la situación laboral, se determinó que las docentes nombradas se sienten realizadas (U= 8328, z = -2.35, p = .02, RP= .42), usan sus propias emociones (U = 8417, z = -2.23, p = .03, RP= .42) y valoran sus emociones (U = 8330.50, z = -2.35, p = .02, RP= .42), a diferencia de las contratadas. En relación con los estudios de segunda especialidad y diplomados, las docentes que poseen dicha formación usan sus propias emociones (U = 8615, z = -2.33, p = .02, RP= .42), a diferencia de aquellas que no cuentan con dichos estudios. Finalmente, las maestras con auxiliar en el aula usan las propias emociones (U = 7942, z = -3.33, p = .00, RP= .39), valoran sus emociones (U = 8870.5, z = -2.01, p = .04, RP= .43) y se sienten realizadas (U = 8686, z = -2.27, p = .02, RP= .42) a diferencia de aquellas que no cuentan con auxiliar.

During activation, T cells undergo extensive changes in gene expression which shape the properties of cells to exert their effector function. Therefore, understanding the genetic regulation of gene expression during T cell activation provides essential insights into how genetic variants influence the response to infections and immune diseases. We generated a single-cell map of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) across a T cell activation time-course. We profiled 655,349 CD4+ naive and memory T cells, capturing transcriptional states of unstimulated cells and three time points of cell activation in 119 healthy individuals. We identified 38 cell clusters, including stable clusters such as central and effector memory T cells and transient clusters that were only present at individual time points of activation, such as interferon-responding cells. We mapped eQTLs using a T cell activation trajectory and identified 6,407 eQTL genes, of which a third (2,265 genes) were dynamically regulated during T cell activation. We integrated this information with GWAS variants for immune-mediated diseases and observed 127 colocalizations, with significant enrichment in dynamic eQTLs. Immune disease loci colocalized with genes that are involved in the regulation of T cell activation, and genes with similar functions tended to be perturbed in the same direction by disease risk alleles. Our results emphasize the importance of mapping context-specific gene expression regulation, provide insights into the mechanisms of genetic susceptibility of immune diseases, and help prioritize new therapeutic targets.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. COVID-19 is a respiratory disease produced by the coronavirus family. The World Health Organization declared the disease a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Podiatrists are in a peculiar situation regarding the COVID-19 pandemic: that of a health professional aspect and the singularity that most of them practise as self-employed workers. The aim of the study is to evaluate in a group of podiatrists, working at a national level, their knowledge, perception and degree of anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic via the use of a questionnaire specifically developed to this end in the initial phase of the pandemic. We employed a transversal descriptive study with 302 participants, with a purposive sampling technique. The degree of perception and knowledge of the podiatrists about COVID-19 was analysed as well as the cognitive impact of the situation of confinement. The results showed that the podiatrists perceive this situation as serious at the economic and health level, that they have a thorough knowledge of the disease and that they are in a moderate to severe percentile of anxiety. Additionally, 76.2% cancelled their usual work. The COVID-19 pandemic is negatively perceived by this group of podiatrists at the personal, professional, health and economic level, with even a state of anxiety being produced.

Background: Retirement is a final life stage characterized by the ceasing of work and the loss of a routine, social relations, role, status, accomplishments, and aspirations, etc. Many times it is accompanied by negative feelings and can provoke di erent psychoemotional reactions such as depression, among others. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of depression, as well as its psychoeducational approach in retirees. Methods: A paired systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in di erent databases—Medline, Scopus, CUIDEN, CINAHL, LILACS and PsycINFO. Original studies were included in English, Spanish and French that were published in the last 10 years, and which approached depression in retirees. Results: A total of 11 articles were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean value of the prevalence levels of depression in retirees obtained in the meta-analysis was 28%. Depression is more frequent in retirees, with mandatory retirement, retirement due to illness, and anticipated retirement presenting higher levels of this disease. The health role in the psychoeducational approach is highlighted in 41.6% (n = 5). Conclusions: With almost one-third of retirees su ering from depression, it is necessary to implement prevention and early detection measures to approach a public health problem.

The prevalence of burnout in midwives has been briefly studied. Given the negative effects of burnout syndrome in the physical and mental health, and also related to the quality of care provided, rates of absenteeism and sick leave; identifying related factors for the syndrome are needed. The aim was to determine the prevalence, levels, and factors related to the burnout syndrome, measured with the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in midwives. A systematic review and meta-analysis were selected from CINAHL, LILACS, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases, with the search equation “burnout AND (midwife OR midwives OR nurses midwives)”. Fourteen articles were found with a total of 8959 midwives. Most of the studies showed moderate levels of personal burnout. The prevalence obtained was 50% (95% CI = 38–63) for personal burnout; 40% (95% CI = 32–49) for work-related burnout; and 10% (95% CI = 7–13) for client-related burnout. Midwives’ age, less experience, and living alone constitute the main related factors, as well as, the scarcity of resources, work environment, and the care model used. Most midwives present personal and work-related burnout, which indicates a high risk of developing burnout. Personal factors and working conditions should be taken into account when assessing burnout risk profiles of midwives.

Palliative care nurses are exposed to hard situations, death, and duel feelings in their daily practice. These, and other work stressors, can favor burnout development. Thus, it is important to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of burnout in palliative care nurses and estimate its prevalence. A systematic review and meta-analysis was done with quantitative primary studies. n = 15 studies were included with n = 6 studies including information for the meta-analysis. The meta-analytic prevalence estimation of emotional exhaustion was 24% (95% CI 16–34%), for depersonalization was 30% (95% CI 18–44%) and for low personal accomplishment was 28% with a sample of n = 693 palliative care nurses. The main variables related with burnout are occupational variables followed by psychological variables. Some interventions to improve working conditions of palliative care nurses should be implemented to reduce burnout.

Bullying affects thousands of teenagers worldwide and has devastating consequences. Various studies suggest that the personality of teenagers is a risk profile for bullying. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the personality of teenagers aged 14 to 16 years from three education centres located in the province of Seville (Spain) and bullying in any of its victim or aggressor roles. A multi-centre cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted in three education centres in the province of Seville (Spain). The sample consisted of 93 students. In order to measure the two main variables, the Bull-S test was used for bullying, and the EPQ-J questionnaire was used for personality traits. A descriptive and correlation analysis was performed between variables. The results showed that 14% (n = 13) of the sample were detected as victims and another 14% (n = 13) were detected as aggressors. Statistically significant differences were found between neuroticism (p = 0.044, Phi = 0.615), sincerity (p = 0.016, V de Cramer = 0.474), and anti-social behaviour (p = 0.007, Phi = 0.620) with the variables victim/aggressor. Bullies are typically males who score high on neuroticism and anti-social behaviour, with a tendency towards social dissimulation.

Studying for a university degree can be very demanding, as students must cope with a variety of academic, social and personal challenges. If these demands persist, and if there are insufficient resources with which to address them, they will eventually provoke stress. When stress is present for long periods of time, it can lead to academic burnout syndrome, the signs of which are emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and inadequate personal accomplishment. This paper considers certain sociodemographic factors (age, sex, children, marital status, employment status, degree subject, faculty, academic year) in the identification of a risk profile of developing burnout syndrome. This study is cross-sectional, associative and ex post facto. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey was administered to 445 students in the University of Granada. According to the risk profile obtained, first-year male students in Primary Education and Social Education courses are at risk of developing burnout syndrome., This research was funded by the Excellence Research Project P11HUM-77771 (Junta de Andalucía, Spain), the Instituto de las Culturas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla and the University of Granada.

The correlation between the burnout syndrome and sociodemographic variables in nursing professionals has been widely studied though research results are contradictory. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of gender, marital status, and children on the dimensions of the burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) in nursing professionals, as measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The search was performed in May 2018 in the next databases: CINAHL, CUIDEN, Dialnet, Psicodoc, ProQuest Platform, OVID Platform, and Scopus with the search equation (&ldquo, Maslach Burnout Inventory&rdquo, OR &ldquo, MBI&rdquo, ) AND &ldquo, nurs*&rdquo, without using any search restriction. The sample was n = 78 studies: 57 studies for gender, 32 for marital status, 13 for having children. A statistically significant relation between depersonalization and gender (r = 0.078), marital status (r = 0.047), and children (r = 0.053) was found. A significant relation was also found between emotional exhaustion and children (r = 0.048). The results showed that being male, being single or divorced, and not having children were related to the highest levels of burnout in nurses. Moreover, these relations could be accentuated by the influence of moderator variables (age, seniority, job satisfaction, etc.), which, in combination with the previously mentioned significant relations, should be evaluated in the design burnout risk profiles for nursing professionals.

Los subproductos agroindustriales cítricos son una fuente alimenticia de fibra dietética y antioxidantes, y pueden ser tratados con tecnologías emergentes para mejorar sus propiedades funcionales. Con ultrasonido de alta intensidad, los compuestos insolubles pueden ser parcialmente despolimerizados y solubilizados, aumentando la biodisponibilidad de compuestos fenólicos libres, lo que podría aumentar sus propiedades benéficas a la salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de ultrasonido sobre el subproducto de naranja, determinar su composición fitoquímica y evaluar sus propiedades funcionales y antidiabéticas. Se evaluó el tratamiento del subproducto de naranja con ultrasonido, variando el sistema de ultrasonido (baño y sonda), así como la frecuencia (28 y 40 KHz), potencia (158, 300 y 442 W), temperatura (20, 40 y 60 °C) y tiempo (1, 3 y 5 min) utilizando diseños factoriales 22 con puntos al centro. Se determinaron las propiedades de hidratación y el contenido de flavonoides totales. El ultrasonido tipo baño no mejoró ningún parámetro evaluado y el tipo sonda a 300 W por 3 min incrementó las propiedades de hidratación del subproducto de naranja en un 46- 70%. El ultrasonido tipo sonda fue seleccionado para las siguientes determinaciones. Comparado con el subproducto sin tratar, el subproducto de naranja tratado con ultrasonido presentó mayor contenido de fibra dietaria total (± 13.5%), fibra soluble (± 42.5%) y capacidad de hinchamiento (± 27.4%). Sin embargo, se disminuyó el contenido de fenoles extraíbles y taninos condensados. Finalmente, se realizó un estudio in vivo con ratas macho Wistar para evaluar las propiedades antidiabéticas del subproducto. La suplementación de la dieta alta en grasa con el subproducto de naranja (8% de fibra) no mejoró los niveles de glucosa, ni protegió las células β-pancreáticas; mientras que, el daño renal de las ratas fue incrementado. La suplementación de la dieta alta en grasa con el subproducto de naranja tratado con ultrasonido (8% de fibra) no presentó beneficios, a pesar del aumento de sus propiedades funcionales. El subproducto de naranja sin tratar y tratado con ultrasonido en las condiciones seleccionadas no es una alternativa viable para combatir un estado de enfermedad como la diabetes. Agroindustrial citrus by-products are an important source of dietary fiber and antioxidants, which can be treated with emerging technologies to improve their functional properties. One of these technologies is high intensity ultrasound, where the insoluble compounds can be partially depolymerized and solubilized, increasing the bioavailability of free phenolic compounds, and their beneficial properties to health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ultrasound application in orange by-product, to determine its phytochemical composition and evaluate its functional and antidiabetic properties. The ultrasound treatment at the orange byproduct was evaluated varying the ultrasound system (bath and probe), frequency (28 and 40 KHz), power (158, 300 and 442 W), temperature (20, 40 and 60 ° C) and time (1, 3 and 5 min) using factorial designs 22 with points at center. The hydration properties and the total flavonoid content were determined. Ultrasonic bath did not improve any parameters evaluated. However, ultrasound probe at 300 W for 3 min increased hydratation properties up to 46-70%, so this treatment was choose for the following determinations. Compared with the untreated by-product, the ultrasound-modified orange by-product had a higher content of total dietary fiber (± 13.5%), soluble fiber (± 42.5%) and swelling capacity (± 27.4%). However, the content of extractable phenols and condensed tannins was decreased. Finally, an in vivo study was performed with male Wistar rats to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of the by-product. High-fat diet with supplementation of orange by-product (8% fiber) did not improve glucose levels, nor did it protect pancreatic β-cells; whereas, the renal damage of the rats was increased. High-fat diet with the ultrasound-modified orange by-product supplementation (8% fiber) showed no benefits, despite the increase in its functional properties. The untreated orange byproduct and ultrasound-modified orange by-product under the selected conditions are not a viable alternative to treat a disease state like diabetes.

O objectivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar a bioacessibilidade de compostos antioxidantes e antimicrobianos de duas plantas aromáticas de consumo comum na cozinha tradicional portuguesa nomeadamente o orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) e o tomilho limão (Thymus x citriodorus L.). Para isso realizaram-se simulações in vitro do processo de digestão gástrica e gastrointestinal, avaliando a quantidade de fenóis e flavonóides totais bem como a capacidade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do extratos obtidos através de cada um destes processos. Estes extratos permitiram avaliar a quantidade de compostos bioativos que se conseguiu solubilizar da matriz da planta ao longo do processo de digestão (fração bioacessível). Para ter uma ideia do potencial antioxidante e antimicrobiano destas plantas, os extratos obtidos por simulação do processo de digestivo foram sempre comparados com extratos preparados com etanol 70%, utilizando a mesma proporção massa de planta/volume de solvente. A actividade antioxidante foi avaliada através de diferentes ensaios, nomeadamente avaliação da capacidade de sequestro dos radicais DPPH• (2,2-difenil-1-pircrilhidrazilo), ABTS•+ (2,2’-azino-bis(3,etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfónico) e da espécie reactiva de oxigénio anião e anião superóxido (O2 ●-), e avaliação da capacidade redutora através dos ensaios FRAP (capacidade redutora férrica) e CUPRAC (capacidade redutora cúprica). A actividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada pela determinação da capacidade dos extratos para inibir o crescimento de bacterias Gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina e Enterococcus faecalis) e Gram-negativas (Escherichia coli e Pseudomona aeruginosa). Em relação à atividade antimicrobiana esta só se conseguiu detetar com os extratos etanólicos e apenas contra as bactérias Gram-positivas. Por outro lado, conseguiu detetar-se atividade antioxidante em todos os extratos, de ambas as plantas em estudo, e em todos os ensaios efectuados. Contudo, a atividade antioxidante após simulação da digestão gastrointestinal foi estatisticamente inferior à obtida nos extratos etanólicos. Esta diferença sugere que a simulação da digestão possa ter originado uma perda de compostos bioativos ou que, nas condições da digestão gastrointestinal, os compostos bioativos não tenham sido extraídos da matriz da planta. No entanto, apesar de ser inferior à dos extratos em etanol, a atividade antioxidante obtida após simulação da digestão sugere que tanto os orégãos como o tomilho limão ainda possam desempenhar um papel importante na defesa antioxidante, em particular atuando na desativação de espécies reativas de oxigénio que se possam formar no aparelho digestivo.

Efficient lignin depolymerization is unique to the wood decay basidiomycetes, collectively referred to as white rot fungi. Phanerochaete chrysosporium simultaneously degrades lignin and cellulose, whereas the closely related species, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, also depolymerizes lignin but may do so with relatively little cellulose degradation. To investigate the basis for selective ligninolysis, we conducted comparative genome analysis of C. subvermispora and P. chrysosporium . Genes encoding manganese peroxidase numbered 13 and five in C. subvermispora and P. chrysosporium , respectively. In addition, the C. subvermispora genome contains at least seven genes predicted to encode laccases, whereas the P. chrysosporium genome contains none. We also observed expansion of the number of C. subvermispora desaturase-encoding genes putatively involved in lipid metabolism. Microarray-based transcriptome analysis showed substantial up-regulation of several desaturase and MnP genes in wood-containing medium. MS identified MnP proteins in C. subvermispora culture filtrates, but none in P. chrysosporium cultures. These results support the importance of MnP and a lignin degradation mechanism whereby cleavage of the dominant nonphenolic structures is mediated by lipid peroxidation products. Two C. subvermispora genes were predicted to encode peroxidases structurally similar to P. chrysosporium lignin peroxidase and, following heterologous expression in Escherichia coli , the enzymes were shown to oxidize high redox potential substrates, but not Mn 2+ . Apart from oxidative lignin degradation, we also examined cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic systems in both fungi. In summary, the C. subvermispora genetic inventory and expression patterns exhibit increased oxidoreductase potential and diminished cellulolytic capability relative to P. chrysosporium .

Burnout in a hospital oncology service takes place when there is a high level of interaction between nurses and patients. The aim of the present study is to identify models that will enable us to accurately classify a person at a given level within each of the three dimensions of burnout, according to the values presented for personality related explanatory variables, for a sample of 96 oncology nurses working in the regional health service of Andalusia (Spain). A quantitative, crosscutting, multicentre, descriptive study was designed, and for this purpose data on sociodemographic and personality variables and on the three dimensions of burnout were compiled. Three categorical-response logit ordinal models were used and the prognostic ratios for each level were obtained, with respect to every other level, according to possible changes in the explanatory variables considered. Certain personality factors are associated with one or more dimensions of burnout syndrome. Thus, nurses are more likely to develop high levels of burnout if they present high levels of neuroticism and low levels of friendliness and responsibility. Further research in this field is needed to confirm and extend these findings., This research was funded by Excellence Research Project P11HUM-7771 (Junta de Andalucía, Spain) and by Research Project mP_BS_6 (CEI BioTic Granada and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain).

Background: Nursing burnout is an important problem that affects nurses&rsquo, wellness, the quality of care and the health institutions. Study aims were to estimate levels of burnout, to determine the phase of burnout experienced by nurses in the medical area, to analyse the relationship between burnout and personality and psychological factors. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, multicentre study. Hospitals from eight cities were included. The study sample was n = 301 nurses, working in the medical area of hospitals in the Andalusian Health Service during the second semester of 2017. Sociodemographic, occupational and personality variables were studied using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory together with the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression, and burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: Almost 40% of the nurses presented high levels of burnout. The three burnouts (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment) presented statistically significant correlations with the personality factors of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness, and also with the scores recorded for anxiety and depression. Multiple linear regression models showed agreeableness and depression to be statistically significant predictors of all dimensions of the syndrome. Conclusion: Hospital nurses working in the medical area in Andalusia experience high levels of burnout.

Research findings concerning burnout prevalence rate among nurses from the medical area are contradictory. The aim of this study was to analyse associated factors, to determine nurse burnout levels and to meta-analyse the prevalence rate of each burnout dimension. A systematic review, with meta-analysis, was conducted in February 2018, consulting the next scientific databases: PubMed, CUIDEN, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, PsycINFO and ProQuest Health &amp, Medical Complete. In total, 38 articles were extracted, using a double-blinded procedure. The studies were classified by the level of evidence and degrees of recommendation. The 63.15% (n = 24) of the studies used the MBI. High emotional exhaustion was found in the 31% of the nurses, 24% of high depersonalisation and low personal accomplishment was found in the 38%. Factors related to burnout included professional experience, psychological factors and marital status. High emotional exhaustion prevalence rates, high depersonalisation and inadequate personal accomplishment are present among medical area nurses. The risk profile could be a single nurse, with multiple employments, who suffers work overload and with relatively little experience in this field. The problem addressed in this study influence the quality of care provided, on patients&rsquo, well-being and on the occupational health of nurses.

[EN] Skills assessment is a complex task that includes deciding on various aspects or dimensions of competencies. Moreover, it is not always easy for teachers to observe and assess certain skills. It is therefore recommended sometimes incorporate students as evaluators of their own abilities. Self-assessment has benefits because it increases the critical observation and student capacity. Similarly, it encourages reflection and meta-cognition, which are two important components in independent learning throughout life. However, despite the benefits cited, students supposed them a challenge, assigning a rating using a score on a scale of 0-10, not all students are willing to participate as evaluators, nor are they equally reliable. This research compares two different scales for the collection of data for self-assessment of competence of innovation and teamwork with 16 master students. We base or comparison on the degree of agreement between the scores on both scales. We also use the qualitative opinions of the students, [ES] La evaluación de competencias es una tarea compleja que incluye decidir sobre varios aspectos o dimensiones de la competencia. Por otra parte, no siempre es fácil que los profesores puedan o sepan observar y valorar determinadas habilidades. Por ello, se ha recomendado, en ocasiones, incorporar a los alumnos como evaluadores de sus propias habilidades. La auto-evaluación presenta beneficios pues aumenta la capacidad crítica y de observación de los estudiantes. Del mismo modo, fomenta la reflexión y la meta-cognición, que son dos componentes importantes en el aprendizaje autónomo a lo largo de la vida. No obstante, a pesar de los beneficios citados, a los estudiantes les supone un reto, el asignar una nota usando una puntuación en una escala de 0 a 10 y no todos los alumnos están dispuestos a participar como evaluadores, ni son igual de fiables cuando evalúan. Esta investigación compara dos escalas diferentes para la recogida de datos para la auto-evaluación de la competencia de innovación y trabajo en equipo de los 16 estudiantes de una asignatura de master basándose en el grado de acuerdo de las puntuaciones obtenidas por ambas escalas y la valoración crítica de los estudiantes., Este trabajo ha sido realizado con la financiación de la Unión Europea ["FINCODA" proyecto 554493-EPP-1-2014-1-FI-EPPKA2-KA] (The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein) y PIME/2014/A/013/ABarómetro INCODE: Evaluación de Competencias de lnnovación en la Empresa y en la Universidad.

[EN] This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: Identify the characteristics of each of the types of scale and how they differ from each other. Estimate the extent to which they are used by organizations in the assessment of skills of their employees. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each. Propose which of them would be more appropriate for assessing the competence of innovation in people (performance evaluation, promotion of workers, recruitment, etc.) and the mode of administration (self, peer, expert assessment)., [ES] Por tratarse de un protocolo para una revisión sistemática no existe un resumen propiamente dicho. En esta revisión nos planteamos los siguientes objetivos: identificar qué características tiene cada uno de los tipos de escala y cómo se diferencian unas de otras. Es-timar el grado en que son usadas, unas u otras, por las organizaciones en la evaluación de competencias de sus empleados. Resumir las ventajas e inconvenientes que presentan cada una de ellas en general y a la hora de evaluar la competencia transversal de innovación en las personas. Proponer cuál de ellas sería más adecuada, atendiendo a los ob-jetivos específicos de evaluación de la competencia de innovación en las personas (evaluación del desempeño, promoción de trabajadores, selección de personal, etc.) y el modo de administración (self, peer, expert assessment)., Este trabajo ha sido realizado con la financiación de la Unión Europea ["FINCODA" proyecto 554493- EPP-1-2014-1-FI-EPPKA2-KA] (The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein) y PIME/2014/A/013/A- Barómetro INCODE: Evaluación de Competencias de lnnovación en la Empresa y en la Universidad

This report describes the development of the design of an advanced dry feed system that was carried out under Task 4.0 of Cooperative Agreement DE-FE0007902 with the US DOE, “Scoping Studies to Evaluate the Benefits of an Advanced Dry Feed System on the use of Low- Rank Coal.” The resulting design will be used for the advanced technology IGCC case with 90% carbon capture for sequestration to be developed under Task 5.0 of the same agreement. The scope of work covered coal preparation and feeding up through the gasifier injector. Subcomponents have been broken down into feed preparation (including grinding and drying), low pressure conveyance, pressurization, high pressure conveyance, and injection. Pressurization of the coal feed is done using Posimetric1 Feeders sized for the application. In addition, a secondary feed system is described for preparing and feeding slag additive and recycle fines to the gasifier injector. This report includes information on the basis for the design, requirements for down selection of the key technologies used, the down selection methodology and the final, down selected design for the Posimetric Feed System, or PFS.

El cultivo de zarzamora creció 397% en los años 2002-2007, siendo Michoacán el principal productor (96%). El 70 a 80% de la producción, se destina al mercado de exportación en fresco, mientras que el 20-30% se dedica a usos industriales. Es necesario aumentar el valor agregado para mejorar la explotación. La zarzamora es rica en antocianinas, siendo una alternativa de uso aunque existen problemas de estabilidad de las mismas durante el procesamiento y ambientes de conservación. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron establecer las mejores condiciones de extracción de antocianinas, comparar procedimientos de estabilización de los extractos y observar sus cambios durante su almacenamiento a diferentes condiciones de temperatura, pH y luz. Lotes de zarzamora industrial, fueron macerados con etanol acidificado (0.01% HCl), durante 10, 20 y 30 min a 30, 45 y 60°C. La composición media de todos los extractos fue 815±20 mg de antocianinas (ACN)/L y 2690±96 mg de ácido gálico (EAG)/L de fenoles totales. Sobre el rendimiento, la temperatura de extracción, mostró un efecto significativo (p=0.031); a 60°C se obtuvo un 8% más de recuperación, respecto al obtenido a 30°C (791.67±30.25 mg ACN/L). La densidad de color, color polimérico, % color polimérico, L*, C* y h° no fueron afectados por los factores evaluados: (49±2.8, 0.94±0.17, 1.88±0.27, 29±0.2, 22±0.1, 21.7±0.4, respectivamente). Diferentes extractos de antocianinas fueron estabilizados por pasteurización (63-65°C, 30 s) y altas presiones hidrostáticas (APH) (586 MPa, 1 y 3 min), analizados microbiológicamente, ajustado su pH (1.0, 2.5 y 4.0), almacenados 90 días a 4, 25 y 45 °C con y sin luz blanca. Periódicamente se determinó el % retención de antocianinas, índice de degradación, diferencia neta de color y con ellos se determinaron los parámetros cinéticos de degradación térmica. Los tratamientos de estabilización no mostraron efectos significativos en la retención de antocianinas. La degradación de antocianinas siguió una cinética de primer orden e incrementó con la temperatura de almacenamiento (89 y 6% de retención al día 40 a 4 y 45°C respectivamente). Bajos pH dieron más estabilidad (79% después de 90 días a 4ºC y pH 1.0), y la luz afectó moderadamente la retención de pigmentos (85 y 75% sin y con luz a 4°C y pH 1.0). Los extractos con pH 1, sin luz y 4ºC fueron los más estables (t1/2 =325 días). Las energías de activación variaron de 6.15-13.13 Kcal/mol. The production of blackberries grew 397% during the 2002-2007 period, being Michoacán the main producer (96%) in México. About 70 to 80% of this production is destined to the fresh export market, while 20-30% has industrial uses. To improve its production profitability, it is necessary to increase the value added to this commodity. Since blackberries are rich in anthocyanins, this an alternative use option but these compounds have stability problems during processing and storage. The objectives of this study were to establish the best anthocyanins extraction conditions, to compare stabilization procedures of the extracts and to observe the extract changes during storage under different temperature, pH and illumination conditions. Blackberries were macerated with acidified ethanol (0.01% HCl), for 10, 20 and 30 minutes at 30, 45 and 60 °C. The average composition of all extracts was 815±20 mg anthocyanins (ACN)/L and 2690±96 mg gallic acid (EAG)/L of total phenolics. Temperature showed a significant effect (p=0.031) on anthocyanin recovery. At 60 °C, the recovery obtained was 8% higher than the one obtained at 30 °C (791.67±30.25 ACN mg/L). The color density, polymeric color, % polymeric color, L*, C* and h° values were not affected by the factors evaluated: (49±2.8, 0.94±0.17, 1.88±0.27, 29±0.2, 22±0.1, and 21.7±0.4, respectively). Anthocyanins extracts were stabilized by thermal (63-65 °C, 30 s) and high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) (586 MPa, 1 and 3 min), analyzed microbiologically, and after adjusted its pH (1.0, 2.5 and 4.0) they were stored for 90 days at 4, 25 and 45 ° C with and without white light. Periodically, the % anthocyanin retention, rate of degradation, net color difference and thermal degradation parameters were determined. Extract stabilization treatments did not show a significant effect. During storage, anthocyanin degradation followed a first-order kinetics increasing with temperature (89 and 6% retention on day 40 at 4 and 45 °C, respectively). Low pH increase stability (79% after 90 days at 4 ºC, pH 1.0) while light exposure moderately affected the pigments retention (85 and 75% without and with light at 4 ° C and pH 1.0). Extracts with pH 1.0 stored without light at 4 °C were the most stable (t1/2 = 325 days). The activation energy ranged from 6.15-13.13 kcal/mol.

Fuente TESIUNAM

International audience; High-throughput RNA sequencing offers broad opportunities to explore the Earth RNA virome. Mining 5,150 diverse metatranscriptomes uncovered >2.5 million RNA virus contigs. Analysis of >330,000 RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) shows that this expansion corresponds to a 5-fold increase of the known RNA virus diversity. Gene content analysis revealed multiple protein domains previously not found in RNA viruses and implicated in virus-host interactions. Extended RdRP phylogeny supports the monophyly of the five established phyla and reveals two putative additional bacteriophage phyla and numerous putative additional classes and orders. The dramatically expanded phylum Lenarviricota, consisting of bacterial and related eukaryotic viruses, now accounts for a third of the RNA virome. Identification of CRISPR spacer matches and bacteriolytic proteins suggests that subsets of picobirnaviruses and partitiviruses, previously associated with eukaryotes, infect prokaryotic hosts.

Fuente TESIUNAM

tesis que para obtener el grado de Doctorado en Filosofía de la Ciencia, presenta Maria del Carmen Gómez Martínez ; tutor principal de tesis León Olivé Morett. 198 páginas. Doctorado en Filosofía de la Ciencia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2013 Programa de Posgrado en Filosofía de la Ciencia