Search

In the Ethiopian Upper Blue Nile Basin, like in other regions in the world, agricultural productivity is declining due to water scarcity owing to longer dry seasons coupled with soil acidity-induced fertility problems. Wheat is one of the major food security crops in Ethiopia but its productivity is reduced due to water scarcity, especially during the irrigation season. Addressing these problems might be essential to increase productivity. This study explores the effect of deficit irrigation (DI) combined with lime, manure and inorganic fertilizer on wheat production and water productivity (WP) in the Koga irrigation scheme, Ethiopia. Four levels of DI strategies (100% ETc or 0% deficit as a control, 80%, 60% and 50% ETc) were applied for two irrigated seasons. Five levels of soil fertility management were applied for four consecutive cropping seasons: (i) 0.86 t ha- 1 lime combined with 3 t ha- 1 manure and full dose urea and NPS-B (hereafter referred to as inorganic fertilizer) (L3); (ii) 1.15 t ha- 1 lime combined with 3 t ha- 1 manure and full-dose inorganic fertilizer (L2); (iii) 1.43 t ha- 1 lime combined with 3 t ha- 1 manure and full dose inorganic fertilizer (L1); (iv) 3 t ha- 1 manure combined with full dose inorganic fertilizer (M); and (v) full dose inorganic fertilizer alone (C). The grain yield and biomass data were collected at harvest from a sample area of 2 m x 3 m from each plot with three replicates. The effect of DI and liming, as well as manuring on average grain yield and biomass, were highly significant. Under all irrigation scenarios, higher grain yield and biomass were found at L1, L2, L3 and M (in that order), compared with C. The highest WP was obtained at 50% ETc irrigation dose, compared with 60%, 80% and 100% ETc (in that order). Yet, the lowest WP was found at C under all irrigation scenarios compared with L1, L2, L3 and M. The WP increased when the amount of water supply decreased and liming doses increased. The application of full dose lime and manure combined with 50% ETc DI resulted in comparable grain yield, biomass and WP as 100% ETc full irrigation at L3 and M. It could be concluded that liming and manuring could be used to mitigate the yield penalty effect of DI in the study area. In scenarios where farmers have to pay for water, profitability rises as the irrigation water supply reduces. Thus, under such conditions, a 50% ETc irrigation scenario is more profitable than scenarios with 60%, 80% and 100% ETc irrigation.

The plasma confinement of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) is provided by the magnetic field generated by 18 toroidal field coils. Fusion for Energy (F4E), the European Domestic Agency for ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 TFC to ITER project. Their procurement has been divided into three main work packages: I) the production of the radial plates, structural stainless steel components housing the Nb3Sn conductors, II) the manufacture of 10 Winding Packs (WP) and III) the cold test of 10 WP plus their insertion into the Coil Cases. This article gives an update of the status of the production of the third and last work package performed under the framework of an F4E contract assigned to SIMIC SpA, an Italian company. In particular, the details of the WP thermal cycle, the insertion of the firsts TF coil in their coil cases, the closure weld, the gap filling and the machining strategy adopted to optimize the final TF coil shape optimized to minimize the field errors are presented.

The plasma confinement of the International Tokamak Experimental Rector (ITER) is provided by the magnetic field generated by 18 toroidal field (TF) coils while 6 poloidal field (PF) and 6 central solenoid coils have the function to drive, shape and pre-heat the plasma. Fusion for Energy (F4E), the European Domestic Agency for ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 TF coils and 5 PF coils to the ITER project. The ITER Organization (IO) team is instead responsible for the design of such coils as well for the coordination of the activities of the different Domestic Agencies (DAs) producing the different components, and their assembly into the Tokamak. The PF coils utilize NbTi Cable-in-Conduit-Conductor and have different diameters between 8 and 24 meters and weights of up to 400 tons. Regarding the PF coils produced by F4E, so far one has been completed by the Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP) under a collaboration agreement with F4E. The other 4 PF coils are being produced at the ITER site in Saint Paul lez Durance, France, under F4E supervision. The first of these (PF5) will be completed by July 2020 while the last coil (PF3) will be ready be the end of 2023. The TF coils utilize Nb3Sn conductor and are manufactured with the “Wind, React & Transfer” method. The first TF coil is close to completion and will be delivered to the ITER site in early 2020. Subsequent TF coils will follow at a rate of about one every 3-4 months. In this article we will report on the production status of both PF and TF coils and, in particular, the different manufacturing strategies employed. The main challenges faced so far and the results obtained are also described.

Este articulo tiene como proposito analizar las politicas publicas para fomentar el turismo en el interior de la Argentina. Sin perder de vista el posicionamiento de ese topico en la agenda del Estado nacional, nos centramos en los discursos que propugnaron la implementacion de esas politicas, las agencias estatales que se crearon y las acciones desarrolladas para convertir al Territorio Nacional de La Pampa, provincia desde 1952, en un destino turistico. En este sentido, estudiamos los instrumentos que permitieron la ejecucion de esas politicas como el entramado normativo y los dispositivos de gestion, es decir los recursos humanos, materiales y tecnologicos. En la gestacion e implementacion de las politicas publicas vinculadas al turismo se involucraron representantes gubernamentales que interpelaron a los actores de la sociedad civil; estos interlocutores tambien tuvieron un rol fundamental en ese proceso.

The magnetic field, necessary for the plasma confinement in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), Cadarache, France, is provided by the 18 Toroidal Field Coils (TFC). In each coil, this magnetic field is produced by circulating a current of 68 kA through 4.5 km of Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit superconductor, which is assembled into a mechanical structure capable of withstanding the huge Lorentz forces produced. The Fusion for Energy, the European Domestic Agency for the ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 TFC. This article gives an overview of the manufacturing and test processes applied during the series production of all sub- and final assemblies, as well as the production status. Special emphasis will be put on some particular characteristics of the Nb3Sn superconductor and other problems faced during manufacturing and strategies applied to overcome them.

The first European superconducting winding pack (WP) and the first set of coil cases [toroidal field coil cases (TFCC)] for ITER are going to be delivered in 2017. The TFCC are steel structures that provide structural integrity to the WP, contribute to neutron shielding capacity, provide support to operating forces, and offer interface connections with the rest of the ITER machine. The TFCC assembly is formed by four main parts: two sectors with U-shaped section and two closure plates, which, after being welded together, enclose the WP. Each TFCC weights about 150 t and presents a wall thickness from 60 to 120 mm. The presence of distortions when welding such thick structures is particularly problematic in these components, which require tight tolerances and include several interfaces with other parts of the machine. In order to compensate the distortions, extra material is present in the critical areas to allow postwelding machining. The amount of extra material has to be optimized to reduce machining time and therefore the cost of the manufacturing. Thus, the evaluation of the welding-caused distortions is essential in order to confirm the extra-material strategy. In this scenario, an experimental and simulation campaign has been set up to predict the deformation of the TFCC during welding. First, welding coupons were welded in representative configurations. Then, these data were used to build a preliminary finite element method (FEM) model tool, using ANSYS software, which was then benchmarked against a “blind test” coupon and three TFCC-like mock-ups of 1-m length. Finally, a full FEM model was constructed using the previous outputs and is currently under assessment to predict the deformation of the TFCC during the welding process. This paper presents the numerical and experimental activities carried out so far, being EnginSoft S.p.A. the developer of FEM models, SIMIC S.p.A. the responsible of welding processes and data acquisition, and Fusion for Energy the contractual and technical supervisor.

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) magnetic system includes 18 toroidal field (TF) coils constructed using Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit superconductor. Each TF coil comprises a winding pack (WP) composed of seven double pancake modules stacked together, impregnated and inserted into a stainless steel coil case. Ten TF coils are being produced in Europe, under the responsibility of Fusion for Energy (F4E, the European Domestic Agency), while the remaining nine TF coils are being produced in Japan. F4E has implemented a strategy dividing the procurement into three packages. One is related to the construction of 70 radial plates (RP), another to the fabrication of 10 WP, and a third to the cold test and coil-case insertion of 10 WP. After 7 years of R&D and qualification activities and of industrial production, the first ITER TF coil WP has been completed in Europe. Factory acceptance tests, including leak, dimensional, and electrical tests at room temperature, were completed in May 2017 and the series production of the remaining nine TF WPs in Europe is underway. The first package has been completed and all 70 RP have been delivered. Commissioning of major tooling for the third package is to be performed at the end of 2017. In this paper, we report on the test of the first TF WP and on the status of the remaining production.

The ITER magnetic system includes 18 toroidal field (TF) coils constructed using a Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit superconductor. Each TF coil comprises a winding pack (WP) composed of seven double pancake (DP) modules stacked together, impregnated, and inserted into a stainless steel coil case. Ten TF coils are being produced in Europe, under the responsibility of Fusion for Energy (F4E) (the European Domestic Agency), whereas the remaining nine TF coils are being produced in Japan. F4E has implemented a procurement strategy aimed to minimize costs and risks by subdividing the procurement into three main packages, each foreseeing first an R&D and a qualification phase. One procurement package is related to the construction of 72 radial plates (RP), another to the fabrication of the ten WPs, and a third to the cold test and coil-case insertion of ten WPs. All industrial contracts have now been signed and are running. The situation as of September 2015 is as follows: 2 RP prototypes and 32 production RPs (enough for four TF coils) have been successfully (enough for four TF coils) produced and delivered to the winding pack supplier. A full-size superconducting DP prototype has been successfully fabricated and subjected to a thermal cycle at 80 K. So far, 33 DPs have been wound, 27 DPs have been heat treated, and 26 DPs have been successfully transferred into the RP grooves. The cover plate welding has been successfully completed on 18 DPs. Regarding the insertion contract, an alternative way to insert the WP inside the coil case has been devised, and the corresponding transfer tooling is being procured. The qualification for the most important manufacturing processes is underway.

This paper reflects the status of the manufacturing of 70 radial plates (RPs) for the EU ITER TF Coils. About 3700 t of stainless steel 316 LN have been forged and 240 t of cover plate (CP) raw material bars have been procured for the procurement of the RPs. Each RP is composed of six forged segments welded using local vacuum EB Welding technology for 35 RPs and narrow-gap TIG for the other 35 RPs. All RP plates are finally machined to final dimensions (9 m $\times$ 14 m) and tolerances using large portal milling machines. The groove length, planarity, and D-shape form tolerances are the most challenging required tolerances: ±30 ppm for the groove length and 1 mm for both planarity and D-shape form. The main challenges faced and results achieved so far are presented and improvements with respect to the prototype phase are described.

The ITER is an international scientific project with the aim of building a tokamak fusion reactor capable of producing ten times more energy than that spent to sustain the reaction. The reaction is magnetically confined, and the toroidal field (TF) coil system plays a primary role in this confinement. Fusion for Energy, which is the European Domestic Agency (EU-DA) for ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 out of the 19 TF coils. In May 2014, F4E signed a contract with SIMIC SpA (BNG GmbH as the main subsupplier) to carry out the final step of the TF procurement and finally deliver them to the ITER construction site in Cadarache, F. This paper gives an update on the status of the first stage of the contract, particularly on the procurement of the main special tooling and the qualification activities that have been carried out to qualify the special processes.

The National University de La Pampa (Argentina) is a public institution aimed to integrate research, teaching and outreach university projects with society through a dialectical perspective. In this context, members of the Institute of Social-Historical Studies at the Human Sciences Faculty are involved in different tasks related to preserving cultural heritage, along with other entities. This article describes the actions carried out within three outreach university projects: 1-”Tras las huellas del relato fotografico de los primeros pasos de Santa Rosa. Aportes para la conservacion del Patrimonio Cultural” (2006-2008), 2-“Parador Historico Chacharramendi: Ordenamiento, catalogacion y puesta en valor del patrimonio historico documental” (2012-2014) and 3-”Los papeles de Alfonso Corona Martinez”. Organizacion, digitalizacion, socializacion y conservacion del material documental” (2015-2017). The main aspects of these projects are heritage preservation, new sources for historical research and the recovery of social memory.

The ITER Toroidal Field (TF) magnet system consists of 18 “D” shaped coils. Fusion for Energy (F4E), the European Domestic Agency for ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 out the 19 TF coils (18 installed plus one spare coil). Each TF coil, about 300 t in weight, is made of a stainless steel case containing a Winding Pack (WP). The European manufacturing of the Radial Plates (RPs) and WPs has been awarded to two different industrial partners, whose activities are strongly linked with each other. In order to manufacture a Double Pancake (DP), first, the conductor has to be bent onto a D-shaped double spiral trajectory, then heat treated and inserted in the grooves of the RP. This represents the most challenging manufacturing step: in order to fit inside the groove, the double spiral trajectory of the conductor must match almost perfectly the trajectory of the groove, over a length above 700 m. In order to achieve this, the conductor trajectory length must be controlled with an accuracy of 1 mm over a length of 350 m while the radial plate groove has to be machined with tolerances of ±0.2 mm over dimensions of more than 10 m. In order to succeed, it has been essential to develop a metrology process capable to control with high accuracy both the DP conductor and the RP groove trajectories. This paper reports on the work carried out on the development and qualification of the dimensional metrology to monitor the manufacturing of the conductor. Reference is made to the final dimensional check of the RP focusing on the groove centreline length. In addition the results obtained on the one to one scaled prototype DP are described. Finally, the strategy and foreseen improvements for the production of DPs are discussed.

The Iter TF joints are of a twin-box design and the critical parameters of the overall resistance are 1) the contact between cable and termination, and 2) the resistance between two terminations. This paper describes applicability of non-destructive examination (NDE) to these joints. The TFEU joint was adapted to make the joint demountable and the contact area was artificially degraded. The TFEU Joint was measured in the range 30-70 kA, 0-6 T. With no artificial degradation, the resistance of the TFEU Joint was measured to be better than the inter-pancake criterion of 3 nΩ at 2 T, 68 kA. At high fields (6 T) the voltage-current (V I) characteristic of the joint is nonlinear and the resistance is higher than expected. The nonlinearity is worse when the joint is artificially degraded. An FEA model was used to demonstrate that the magneto-resistant copper's contribution to the overall joint resistance is low (

In this paper, we will report on the manufacturing of 6 helium inlet mock-ups for the EU ITER TF coils, and on the results of the mock-up tests and other qualification activities carried out in the European industry on this subject.

The ITER magnetic system includes 18 Toroidal Field (TF) Coils constructed using Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit superconductor. Each TF coil comprises a Winding Pack (WP) composed of 7 Double Pancake (DP) modules stacked together, impregnated and inserted into a stainless steel coil case. Fusion for Energy [the European Domestic Agency (DA)] is responsible for the procurement of the ten while the Japanese DA is responsible for remaining nine coils. The conductors are being produced by 6 different DAs, while the coil cases only by the Japanese DA. F4E has implemented a procurement strategy aimed to minimize costs and risks, consisting of subdividing the procurement into three main procurement packages, each foreseeing first an R&D and qualification phase. One procurement package is related to the construction of 72 radial plates (RP), another to the fabrication of the ten WP, and a third to the cold test and coil-case insertion of ten WP. In collaboration with industry, F4E has successfully produced two RP prototypes. Regarding the DP, the construction of the first DP prototype has started. In this paper, we will report on the results achieved so far and the status of each of the procurement packages.

A partir de la decada de 1980,en Argentina se ha producido una significativa renovacion en los estudios referidos a las sociedades indigenas, entre ellos de Pampa-Nordpatagonia, que se ha traducido en numerosas publicaciones. No obstante, es preciso preguntarse si esos aportes han impactado en los disenos curriculares en la provincia de La Pampa, en especial en el espacio de Historia. Al mismo tiempo, es necesario observar si esa renovacion historiografica se incorporo en los contenidos de los Planes de Estudio de las carreras de Profesorado y Licenciatura en Historia que se dictan en la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas de la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), en tanto formadora de futuros docentes. En este articulo se analizan las relaciones entre ese saber academico y su trasmision a la sociedad, primordialmente a partir del sistema educativo.

The LHC accelerator, at present under construction at CERN, Geneva, will make use of 1232 superconducting dipole magnets. The coils are wound with Rutherford type cable based on copper stabilized NbTi superconductors. The LHC machine will be operated at 1.9 K in superfluid helium. The unprecedented mass production of the superconducting dipole magnets, which involves three main contractors in Europe, is running steadily according to plan. This paper reports the outstanding technical issues encountered throughout the execution of the main manufacturing steps, which are the coil winding, curing and clamping in the collar structure, the 15-m long computer-controlled welding, the high-precision positioning operations for the cold mass finishing and the helium leak testing. The achieved production rates are discussed as well as the CERN plan for the completion of these important contracts

(European) theme parks invest approximately 10 percent of their yearly turnover into new rides and park improvements. Without these investments these parks assume not to be a very competitive and appealing daytrip for their target audiences. However, the impact of investments in attracting new visitors is not well-known and seems to differ dramatically between parks. This paper presents a case study from the Netherlands in which a small amusement park applied a suggested, not yet proven, investment method. The results of the investment are discussed in (a) the form of return on investment and (b) the success of the predictions with regard to this investment. Suggestions for future research are presented., {"references":["IAAPA (2013), What's New for 2013 at European Parks and Attractions,http://www.iaapa.org/news/newsroom/news-articles/what's-new-for-2013-at-european-parks-and-attractions#sthash.ne3OQCGf.dpuf","LDP (2013), Fortune telling:How to Measure and predict the Impact of New Attractions , presentation during EAS 2013, (September 28th, Paris)","Price, H. B. (2003). Walt's revolution by the numbers. Orlando: Ripley Entertainment inc.","Cornelis, P.C.M. (2011), Attraction accountability: Predicting the unpredictable effects of theme park investments?!, Breda: NRIT Media","Hjalager, A-M. (2010), a review of innovation research in tourism, Tourism Management, 31 (1), 1-12","Faché, W. (2000), Methodologies for innovation and improvement of services in tourism, Managing Service Quality, 10 (6), 356-366","Hall, C.M. & Williams, A.M. (2008), Tourism and Innovation, London: Routledge","Cornelis, P.C.M. (2010a), How to successfully invest in the theme park industry?, Presentation of PhD results, during Dutch Association of Leading Visitor Attractions annual member meeting, Venlo: 2nd October 2010.","Milman, A. (2009), Evaluating the guest experience at theme parks: an empirical investigation of key attributes,International Journal of Tourism Research, 11: 373-387\n[10]\tMilman, A., Li, X., Wang, Y., & Yu, Q. (2012), Examining the guest experience in themed amusement parks: Preliminary evidence from China, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 18: 313-325\n[11]\tAp, J. (2003), An assessment of theme park development in China. In: Lew AA, Yu L, Ap J, et al. (eds), Tourism in China, Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 195-214\n[12]\tAnton Clavé, S. (2007), The global theme park industry, Cambridge, MA: CABI\n[13]\tPikkemaat, B. &Schuckert, M. (2007), Success factors of theme parks – an explorative study, Tourism, 55 (2): 197-208\n[14]\tSwarbrooke, J. (2002). The development and management of visitor attractions (2nd ed.). Oxford; Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.\n[15]\tPaap, R., &Franses, P. H. (2000). A Dynamic Multinomial Probit Model for Brand Choice with Different Long-Run and Short-Run effects of Marketing-Mix Variables. Journal of Applied Economics, 15 (November/December), 717-744.\n[16]\tJoo, H.H., Kang, H-G. & Moon, J.J. (2014), The effect of rain on the decision to visit a theme park, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19 (1) : 61 – 85\n[17]\tCornelis, P.C.M. (2010b), Achieving Attraction Accountability through an Attraction Response Matrix, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27 (4), 361-382\n[18]\tLDP (2011), Toverland amusement park benchmarking, London: internal document Toverland\n[19]\tPoiesz, T. B. C., &Raaij, W. F. v. (2002). Synergetische marketing: een visie op oorzaken en gevolgen van veranderend consumentengedrag. Amsterdam [etc.]: Financial Times/Prentice Hall.\n[20]\tHeskett, J. L., Sasser, W. E., & Schlesinger, L. A. (1997). The Service Profit Chain. New York: The Free Press.\n[21]\tGeissler, G.L. & Rucks, C.T. (2011), The overall theme park experience: a visitor satisfaction tracking study, Journal of vacation Marketing, 17 (2), 127-138\n[22]\tRyan, C., Shuo, Y. S. S., &Huan, T. C. (2010). Theme parks and a structural equation model of determinants of visitor satisfaction—JanfusanFancyworld, Taiwan. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 16(3), 185-199.\n[23]\tTrischler, J. &Zehrer, A. (2012), Service design: suggesting a qualitative multistep approach for analyzing and examining theme park experiences, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 18 (1), 57-71\n[24]\tTuan, Y.F. (1998), Escapism, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press\n[25]\tLukas, S.A., The immersive worlds handbook: designing theme parks and consumer spaces, London: Focal Press\n[26]\tAmbler, T. (2003), Marketing and the Bottom Line, FT: Prentice Hall, London.\n[27]\tIAAPA (2012), Finance in the attractions industry,\tBrussels: IAAPA emerging leaders institute\n[28]\tVogel, H. L. (2011). Entertainment industry economics. Cambridge University Press.\n[29]\tCornelis, P.C.M. (2010c), A management perspective on the impact of new attractions, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 17 (2), 151-162\n[30]\tMorley, C. (2009), Dynamics in the specification of tourism demand models, Tourism Economics, 15 (1), 23-39\n[31]\tHesmondhalgh, D. (2007). The Cultural Industries (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.\n[32]\tWanhill, S. (2008). Economic aspects of developing theme parks. In A. Fyall, B. Garrod, A. Leask& S. Wanhill (Eds.), Managing Visitor Attractions: New Directions (2nd ed., pp. 59-79). Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.\n[33]\tKemperman, A. D. A. M., Joh, C., &Timmermans, H. J. P. (2004). Comparing first-time and repeat visitors' activity patterns in a tourism environment. In G. I. Crouch, R. R. Perdue, H. J. P. Timmermans& M. Uysal (Eds.), Consumer psychology of tourism, hospitality and leisure (Vol. 3, pp. 103-119). Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing"]}

For the LHC dipoles , mandatory electrical integrity tests are performed to qualify the cold mass (CM) at four production stages: individual pole, collared coil, CM before end cover welding and final CM. A description of the measurement equipment and its recent development are presented. After passing the demands set out in the specification, the results of the tests are transmitted to CERN where they are further analyzed. The paper presents the most important results of these measurements. We also report a review of the electrical nonconformities encountered e.g. inter-turn shorts and quench heater failure, their diagnostic and the cures

The LHC ring will contain 1232 main dipole and 382 main quadrupole twin aperture magnets. All main magnets are superconducting and employ NbTi/Cu Rutherford type cables operated at 1.9 K. The dipole production has reached the equivalent of almost three octants of cold masses and nearly four octants of collared coils. The quadrupole production has reached 75 cold masses and over 150 bare magnets. The ramping up of large scale magnet production has posed several challenges which will be discussed, like: the coil size uniformity, coil pre-stress control, cold mass welding technique and the geometrical shape issues. The magnetic measurement results at warm will be presented together with their usage for the quality control in the production. The common features and differences of the three dipole producers will be discussed. Finally the latest version of the production schedule will be presented.

The procurement of a pre-series of 90 main dipoles was decided as the first step towards the series production of 1232 arc main dipoles within the LHC magnet program. The pre-series production is already completed at one contractor's site and is approaching the completion at the other two companies. Technical aspects: manufacturing tolerances, manufacturing difficulties, first evaluation on non-conformities appearing during production and a short overview of magnet performance are presented.

A principal part of the ITER fusion reactor is the Toroidal Field magnet system which consists of 18 “D” shaped coils. Fusion for Energy, (F4E), the European Domestic Agency for ITER, is responsible for the procurement of 10 such coils. The completed coils, measuring approximately 14 m × 9 m and weighing 300 tons, comprise an outer structural case into which a “winding pack”, itself made up of 7 conductor double pancake and radial plate assemblies, is inserted. The winding packs will be the largest ever built using Nb3Sn conductor and their manufacture, using a wind, react and transfer process, presents significant technological challenges. In particular, the conductor double pancakes must be wound with high accuracy and their change in dimension during heat treatment correctly predicted in order to facilitate the transfer to their associated radial plates. These processes require novel and sophisticated tooling to be constructed on a large scale. The contract for the manufacture of 10 ITER TF Coil Winding pack was awarded in July 2010 by F4E to a consortium of three main partners-Iberdrola IC, ASG Superconductors and Elytt Energy and in this paper we present the progress made to date. Particular reference is made to the design and procurement of major items of tooling, including the winding line, heat treatment furnace and transfer tool, and the steps taken to minimize risk by design are described.

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor is an international scientific project with the aim of building a tokamak fusion reactor capable of producing at least 10 times more energy than that spent to sustain the reaction. In a tokamak the fusion reaction is magnetically confined and the toroidal field coil system plays a primary role in this confinement. Fusion for Energy, the European Domestic Agency for ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 out the 19 toroidal field coils. Their procurement has been subdivided in three main work packages: the production of 70 radial plates (the structural components which will house the conductors), the manufacture of 10 winding packs (the core of the magnet) and cold test and insertion into the coil cases of 10 winding packs. The cold test/insertion work package presents significant technological challenges. These include the cold test of the winding packs 14 m high, 9 m wide and weighing 110 t, the welding and inspection of the 316 LN stainless steel coil case, with welded thicknesses of up to 144 mm accessible only from one side combined with the need to minimize the deformation during the welding process (more than 70 m of weld per coil and up to 90 passes to fill the chamfer) and the resin filling of the coil case after insertion of the winding pack (the total volume to be filled up is about one cubic meter per coil). From 2009 up to mid 2011, F4E has carried out an RD in this paper an overview of the results obtained is presented.

This paper reflects the status of the manufacturing of 2 Radial Plate prototypes for the EU ITER TF Coils. The production of these prototypes will supply valuable information for the manufacturing of the total required number of 70 Radial Plates, in terms of manufacturing technologies, optimization of cost, manufacturing time and risks.

The ITER magnetic system includes 18 Toroidal Field (TF) Coils using Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit superconductor. Each TF coil, about 300-t in weight, is made by a Winding Pack (WP) composed by 7 Double Pancakes (DP) modules stacked together, impregnated and inserted in stainless steel coil case. Each DP is made by a Radial Plate (RP), a very large D-shaped stainless steel plate with grooves machined on a spiral path on both sides, in which the insulated conductor is inserted after the heat treatment. The procurement of the TF coils will be carried out by Fusion for Energy (the European Domestic Agency (DA)), responsible for 10 coils (including 1 spare coil) and the Japanese DA, responsible for 9 coils. The conductors will be produced by 6 different DAs, while the coil cases only by the Japanese DA. In July 2008 the Procurement Arrangement was signed between the ITER Organization (IO) and F4E defining the scope, technical and management requirements for the procurement of such coils. F4E has developed a procurement strategy aimed to minimize costs and risks, consisting of subdividing the procurement into three main procurement packages, each foreseeing an initial R&D qualification phase. One procurement package is related to the construction of 72 RP (including 2 prototypes), another to the fabrication of the 10 WP and a third to the cold test and coil-case insertion of 10 WP. So far F4E has signed 5 contracts. In 2009, we placed 2 contracts for the procurement of RP prototypes and 1 contract for the development and qualification of the welding and the Ultrasonic Test technologies for the coil case welding. In 2010 1 contract has been placed for the construction of 10 WP and 1 contract for the engineering optimization of the cold test and coil insertion.

VAN LIESHOUTr, CORNELIS F. M. Young Children's Reactions to Barriers Placed by Their Mothers. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1975, 46, 879-886. The reactions of 64 children to a barrier were observed twice, at 18 and 24 months of age. After the child played 6-10 minutes with a toy, the mother placed the toy in a Plexiglas box so that the child could see it but not reach it. Compared with behavior before introduction of the barrier, positive coping behaviors to the box decreased while positive overtures to the mother increased. Crying and expressions of anger directed to both the mother and the box also increased. With increasing age, the children directed more positive attention to the mother after introduction of the barrier but not more negative attention. The results are discussed in terms of "social tool using" and instrumental dependency.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006528.].