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Sharing of sanitation is common in low-income settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, shared (limited) sanitation facilities have been thought to pose health risks due to poor hygiene levels. Interventions to improve user behavior and cleanliness of shared sanitation are few, both in literature and in practice. This study details the codesign and testing of strategies to improve the cleanliness of shared sanitation facilities in low-income areas of Kisumu City in Kenya. The strategies included a cleaning plan, monitoring system, and discussions among users, and were codesigned through workshops with stakeholders and group discussions with landlords and tenants. These strategies were tested in 38 compound houses through the Trials of Improved Practices approach over a 5-month period. Field staff visited the compounds, observed the cleanliness of the shared toilets, and through discussions, encouraged users to develop a formal cleaning system and a monitoring plan. The discussions built social capital and collective action and facilitated uptake of the cleaning plan with notable improvements in cleanliness of shared toilets. The results support the acceptability of shared sanitation in low-income settlements, the importance of codesigning and coproducing solutions with users, and the need to evaluate the effects of these strategies on cleanliness of shared sanitation.

The objective for this initiative was to reduce parental anxiety and thus improve their satisfaction related to hospital admission by ensuring that the child’s management plan and basic amenities were communicated to the parents within the first hour of arrival at the Children’s Hospital inpatient unit. The intervention for this project was developed based on the Theory of Change framework. Effectiveness of the intervention was assessed by comparing change in parent-reported anxiety scores and improvement in patient satisfaction scores at 24 hours post-admission as an indicator of experience. The frequency of delivery of each individual message was also tracked and compared at baseline and post-intervention. The results showed a significant reduction in parental anxiety levels within the first 24 hours of admission (3.5 to 3.2, P = .01). The parent satisfaction score was significantly improved from baseline to post-intervention (4.00 vs 4.82 respectively; P < .001). Comparison between the baseline and post-intervention demonstrated a statistically significant ( P < .001) increase in frequency of messages delivered. This initiative highlighted that reengineering the current system using existing resources to standardize admission communication along with an adequate monitoring and feedback plan can help reduce parental anxiety, thus improving parent satisfaction with the services.

The Arctic is undergoing biological and environmental changes, and a coordinated effort to monitor is critical to detect these changes. The Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (CBMP) of the Arctic Council biodiversity working group, Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), has developed pan-Arctic biodiversity monitoring plans that aims to improve the ability to detect and report on long-term changes. Whilst introducing this special issue, this paper also presents the making of the terrestrial monitoring plan and discusses how the plan follows the steps required for an adaptive and ecosystem-based monitoring programme. In this article, we discuss how data on key findings can be used to inform circumpolar and global assessments, including the State of the Arctic Terrestrial Biodiversity Report, which will be the first terrestrial assessment made by the CBMP. Key findings, advice for future monitoring and lessons learned will be used in planning next steps of pan-Arctic coordinated monitoring.

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) can persist in food processing environments (FPEs), surviving environmental stresses and disinfectants. We described an intensive environmental monitoring plan performed in Central Italy and involving food producing plants (FPPs) and retail grocery stores (RSs). The aim of the study was to provide a snapshot of the Lm circulation in different FPEs during a severe listeriosis outbreak, using whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the genetic diversity of the Lm isolated, evaluating their virulence and stress resistance profiles. A total of 1217 samples were collected in 86 FPEs with 12.0% of positive surfaces at FPPs level and 7.5% at RSs level, 133 Lm isolates were typed by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) and core genome MLST (cgMLST). Clonal complex (CC) 121 (25.6%), CC9 (22.6%), CC1 (11.3%), CC3 (10.5%), CC191 (4.5%), CC7 (4.5%) and CC31 (3.8%) were the most frequent MLST clones. Among the 26 cgMLST clusters obtained, 5 of them persisted after sanitization and were re-isolated during the follow-up sampling. All the CC121 harboured the Tn6188_qac gene for tolerance to benzalkonium chloride and the stress survival islet SSI-2. The CC3, CC7, CC9, CC31 and CC191 carried the SSI-1. All the CC9 and CC121 strains presented a premature stop codon in the inlA gene. In addition to the Lm Pathogenicity Island 1 (LIPI-1), CC1, CC3 and CC191 harboured the LIPI-3. The application of intensive environmental sampling plans for the detection and WGS analysis of Lm isolates could improve surveillance and early detection of outbreaks.

Cities and nations worldwide are pledging to energy and carbon neutral objectives that imply a huge contribution from buildings. High-performance targets, either zero energy or zero carbon, are typically difficult to be reached by single buildings, but groups of properly-managed buildings might reach these ambitious goals. For this purpose we need tools and experiences to model, monitor, manage and optimize buildings and their neighborhood-level systems. The paper describes the activities pursued for the deployment of an advanced energy management system for a multi-carrier energy grid of an existing neighborhood in the area of Milan. The activities included: (i) development of a detailed monitoring plan, (ii) deployment of the monitoring plan, (iii) development of a virtual model of the neighborhood and simulation of the energy performance. Comparisons against early-stage energy monitoring data proved promising and the generation system showed high efficiency (EER equal to 5.84), to be further exploited.

Oilseed rape 73496 was developed to confer tolerance to the herbicidal active substance glyphosate through the expression of the glyphosate acetyltransferase protein GAT4621. The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatic analyses identify no issues requiring food/feed safety assessment. None of the identified differences between oilseed rape 73496 and its conventional counterpart in the agronomic/phenotypic endpoints tested needs further assessment. Differences identified in seed composition of oilseed rape 73496 as compared to its conventional counterpart raise no safety and nutritional concerns in the context of the scope of this application. No safety concerns are identified regarding toxicity and allergenicity of the GAT4621 protein as expressed in oilseed rape 73496. No evidence is found that the genetic modification would change the overall allergenicity of oilseed rape 73496. Based on the outcome of the comparative and nutritional assessments, the consumption of oilseed rape 73496 does not represent any nutritional concern, in the context of the scope of this application. The implementation of a post-market monitoring plan is recommended to confirm the predicted consumption data and to verify that the conditions of use are those considered during the pre-market risk assessment. In the case of accidental release of viable oilseed rape 73496 seeds into the environment, oilseed rape 73496 would not raise environmental safety concerns. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of oilseed rape 73496. The GMO Panel concludes that oilseed rape 73496, as described in this application, is as safe as its conventional counterpart and the non-genetically modified oilseed rape reference varieties tested with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment., European Commission: EFSA-Q-2012-00617.

Exposure to an atmosphere rich in volatile pollutants can endanger collections in museums, galleries, libraries or archives. Monitoring volatile pollutants in museum microclimates remains an unusual practice in most institutions. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be released by many sources, including the artefacts’ materials themselves. The presence of pollutants in an enclosed space with poor ventilation, adding to high temperature and relative humidity levels or significant fluctuations, may increase the risk of damage for the more susceptible materials. The tendency observed in museums to enclose artefacts in vitrines or boxes may contribute to the formation of microclimates with high VOCs concentration. Based on the studies developed in the last decades, this work intends to draw attention to the risks associated with gaseous pollutants in museum environment and outline some recommendations that encourage cultural heritage institutions to implement a pollutant monitoring plan associated with risk prevention., A exposição a uma atmosfera rica em poluentes voláteis pode colocar em risco as coleções de museus, galerias, bibliotecas ou arquivos. Monitorizar poluentes voláteis em museus é ainda hoje uma prática pouco habitual na maioria das instituições. Compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) podem ser libertados de diversas fontes, incluindo os materiais que compõem os próprios artefactos. A existência de poluentes em locais fechados, com inadequada renovação de ar, em simultâneo com valores elevados ou oscilações significativas de temperatura e humidade relativa (HR), pode conduzir à degradação acentuada dos materiais mais reativos. A tendência que se observa nos museus para enclausurar os artefactos em vitrinas ou caixas poderá potenciar a formação de microclimas com elevada concentração de COVs. Pretende-se neste trabalho alertar para o risco dos poluentes gasosos em ambiente museológico e traçar recomendações que incentivem as instituições detentoras de património a implementar um plano de monitorização destes poluentes, associado à prevenção de riscos.

El análisis de Mercurio (Hg) en sedimentos de la bahía de Cartagena especialmente las muestras tomadas en un puerto de carga, demostró que hay presencia de este metal, el cual es catalogado como nocivo para los seres vivos. Los valores de Mercurio oscilaron entre 109 y 288 µg/Kg peso seco, con un valor de mediana de 169 µg/Kg y una media de 183.33 ± 55.41 µg/Kg. Por otro lado, se realizó la determinación de Hidrocarburos Disueltos y Dispersos (HDD), detectando valores entre 4.51 y 18.04 µg/L en aguas tomadas en el mismo puerto de carga, mientras que en puntos de muestreo distantes al puerto no se encontró presencia de hidrocarburos. Los resultados sugieren que se realice un plan de monitoreo para determinar si el contenido de Mercurio y de HDD va en incremento o se trata de una contaminación residual. Además, se recomienda realizar estudio de otros tipos de contaminantes en la zona como otros metales pesados y carbón total, debido a la contaminación que se ha observado por las malas prácticas de lavado de la plataforma por el personal del puerto.

Social housing represents a part of the whole building stock with a high risk of energy poverty, and it should be treated as a priority in renovation strategies, due to its potential for improvement and the need to fight that risk. Renovation actions are currently designed based on patterns that have been shown to be disparate from the reality of social housing. Thereby, a monitoring study is essential for the evaluation of the actual conditions. An in-depth characterization of a social housing neighborhood, located in the North of Portugal, was carried out. Indoor hygrothermal conditions were analyzed through a monitoring campaign. It was possible to identify the differences in indoor conditions of the dwellings and understand the influence of occupancy density and occupants’ behavior. In order to identify the actual occupancy and the type of use, a social survey was performed. A renovation action will soon take place, and a monitoring and survey plan is proposed for the post-renovation period, based on a previous evaluation of the renovation impact, using DesignBuilder software and the real occupancy profiles. In social housing context, since energy consumption for heating and cooling is punctual or non-existent, the focus of low energy renovation should be based on passive strategies that reduce the energy demand. The remaining energy needs should be supplied by renewable energy sources, reducing energy poverty, and enhancing quality of life.

Background and objectives: An Italian nationwide pre-participation screening approach for prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes (SCD-A) in competitive sportspeople showed promising results but did not achieve international consensus, due to cost-effectiveness and the shortfall of a monitoring plan. From this perspective, we tried to provide an epidemiological update of SCD-A in Italy through a year-long internet-based search. Materials and Methods: One year-long Google search was performed using mandatory and non-mandatory keywords. Data were collected according to prevalent SCD-A definition and matched with sport-related figures from Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI). Results: Ninety-eight cases of SCD-A in 2019 were identified (48.0% competitive, 52.0% non-competitive athletes). Male/female ratio was 13:1. The most common sports were soccer (33.7%), athletics (15.3%) and fitness (13.3%). A conclusive diagnosis was achieved only in 37 cases (33 of cardiac origin), with the leading diagnosis being coronary artery disease in 27 and a notably higher occurrence among master athletes. Combining these findings with ISTAT and CONI data, the SCD-A incidence rate in the whole Italian sport population was found to be 0.47/100,000 persons per year (1.00/100,000 in the competitive and 0.32/100,000 in the non-competitive population). The relative risk of SCD-A is 3.1 (CI 2.1&ndash, 4.7, p &lt, 0.0001) for competitive compared to non-competitive athletes, 9.9 for male (CI 4.6&ndash, 21.4, 0.0001) with respect to female. Conclusions: We provided an updated incidence rate of SCD-A in both competitive and non-competitive sport in Italy. A higher risk of SCD-A among competitive and male athletes was confirmed, thus corroborating the value of Italian pre-participation screening in this population.

Simple Summary The extensive use of tetracyclines in clinical practice and livestock has subjected bacterial populations to selection pressure and increased the prevalence of tetracycline resistance, one of the most abundant antibiotic resistances among pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. In the present survey, DNA extracted from cloacal swabs from 195 broiler chickens in Tunisia were molecularly tested for 14 tetracycline resistance genes. A high frequency and diversity of tetracycline resistance genes in the chickens sampled were detected. The results confirm the antimicrobial resistance urgency in Tunisia’s poultry sector and suggest that the investigation of antibiotic resistance genes directly in biological samples could be a useful means for epidemiological studies on the spread of the antimicrobial resistance. Abstract Tetracycline resistance is still considered one of the most abundant antibiotic resistances among pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tetracycline resistance (tet) genes in broiler chickens in Tunisia, and this was done by PCR. Individual cloacal swabs from 195 broiler chickens were collected at two slaughterhouses in the governorate of Ben Arous (Grand Tunis, Tunisia). Chickens were from 7 farms and belonged to 13 lots consisting of 15 animals randomly selected. DNA was extracted and tested for 14 tet genes. All the lots examined were positive for at least 9 tet genes, with an average number of 11 tet genes per lot. Of the 195 animals tested, 194 (99%) were positive for one or more tet genes. Tet(L), tet(M) and tet(O) genes were found in 98% of the samples, followed by tet(A) in 90.2%, tet(K) in 88.7% and tet(Q) in 80%. These results confirm the antimicrobial resistance impact in the Tunisian poultry sector and suggest the urgent need to establish a robust national antimicrobial resistance monitoring plan. Furthermore, the molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes directly in biological samples seems to be a useful means for epidemiological investigations of the spread of resistance determinants.

Tetracycline resistance is still considered one of the most abundant antibiotic resistances among pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tet genes encoding tetracycline resistance in broiler chickens in Tunisia, by PCR. Individual cloacal swabs from 195 broiler chickens were collected at two slaughterhouses in the governorate of Ben Arous (Grand Tunis, Tunisia). Chickens were from 7 farms and belonged to 13 lots consisting of 15 animals randomly selected. Individual whole genomic DNA was extracted and tested for 14 tet genes. All the lots examined were positive for at least 9 tet genes, with an average number of 11 tet genes per lot. Of the 195 animals tested, 194 (99%) were positive for one or more tet genes. Tet(L), tet(M) and tet(O) genes were found in 98% of the samples, followed by tet(A) in 90.2%, tet(K) in 88.7% and tet(Q) in 80%. These results confirm the antimicrobial resistance impact in the Tunisian’s poultry sector and suggest the urgent need to establish a robust national antimicrobial resistance monitoring plan.

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA assessed the 2017 post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) report on the cultivation of Cry1Ab-expressing maize event MON 810. Like previous years, partial compliance with refuge requirements is reported for Spain. European and Mediterranean corn borer populations collected from North-eastern Spain during the 2017 maize growing season and tested for Cry1Ab susceptibility show no symptoms of resistance to maize MON 810. No complaints about unexpected field damage caused by corn borers were received through the farmer complaint system. The assessment of farmer questionnaires and relevant scientific publications does not indicate any unanticipated adverse effects on human and animal health or the environment arising from the cultivation of maize MON 810. No information about the use of existing networks involved in environmental monitoring is provided. Overall, EFSA concludes that the evidence reported in the 2017 PMEM report does not invalidate previous EFSA and GMO Panel evaluations on the safety of maize MON 810. As in previous years, EFSA identifies methodological and reporting shortcomings pertaining to resistance monitoring that need revision in future PMEM reports. In particular, the monitoring plan, as implemented in 2017, is not sufficiently sensitive to detect the recommended 3% resistance allele frequency. Consequently, EFSA strongly recommends the consent holder to: (1) achieve full compliance with refuge requirements in areas where maize MON 810 adoption is high (i.e. North-eastern Spain); (2) increase the sensitivity of the resistance monitoring plan and address previously mentioned methodological, analytical and/or reporting limitations for resistance monitoring and farmer questionnaires; and (3) perform a F2-screen on European and Mediterranean corn borer populations from North-eastern Spain. Moreover, relevant stakeholders should implement a methodological framework to enable making best use of existing networks involved in environmental monitoring for the general surveillance of genetically modified plants.

Background Our aim in this study was to develop quality indicators (QIs) for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) care that can be used as metrics for quality assessment and improvement. Methods A RAND-modified Delphi procedure was used to develop a set of QIs. Recommendations on appropriate OPAT care in adults were retrieved from the literature using a systematic review and translated into potential QIs. These QIs were appraised and prioritized by a multidisciplinary panel of international OPAT experts in 2 questionnaire rounds combined with a meeting between rounds. Results The procedure resulted in 33 OPAT-specific recommendations. The following QIs that describe recommended OPAT care were prioritized by the expert panel: the presence of a structured OPAT program, a formal OPAT care team, a policy on patient selection criteria, and a treatment and monitoring plan; assessment for OPAT should be performed by the OPAT team; patients and family should be informed about OPAT; there should be a mechanism in place for urgent discussion and review of emergent clinical problems, and a system in place for rapid communication; laboratory results should be delivered to physicians within 24 hours; and the OPAT team should document clinical response to antimicrobial management, document adverse events, and monitor QIs for OPAT care and make these data available. Conclusions We systematically developed a set of 33 QIs for optimal OPAT care, of which 12 were prioritized by the expert panel. These QIs can be used to assess and improve the quality of care provided by OPAT teams., Thirty-three quality indicators (QIs) for optimal outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) care were developed by international experts using a systematic review and a RAND-modified Delphi procedure. These QIs can be used to assess and improve the quality of care provided by OPAT teams.

Conforming to the development of the carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in China, it has the necessity and possibility of launching several large-scale CCUS demonstration projects. The Ordos Basin is one of the greatest opportunity target areas for CCUS demonstration opportunities in China. As facing severe water shortage, carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is a helpless option in the coming large-scale development process of Yanchang Oilfield, the Ordos Basin, China. As a shining model of the CCUS, the CO2-EOR is attracting much more attention in China than before. However, the leakage risk of sequestered CO2 drives the necessity in monitoring of the CCUS process in practice. The aim of our research is to develop an integrated monitoring scheme and to identify related key monitoring indicators for CO2-EOR Demonstration Project at Yanchang Oilfield. In this paper, the detailed monitoring plan was tailored for the Jingbian CO2-EOR Block at the Yanchang Oilfield according to the existing situation of monitoring technologies and project planning in China. The principles and suggestion was finally proposed for the selection of key monitoring indicators for a long-term CO2-EOR activity in the Ordos Basin.

Although several global/regional studies have detailed the high level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban areas worldwide, unfortunately, Nepal has never been part of any global/regional regular monitoring plan. Despite few sporadic studies exist, the systematic monitoring and integrated concentration of PAHs in urban region of Nepal are lacking. In this study, the concentrations, sources, and health risk assessment of 16 PAHs in air (n = 34) were investigated in suspected source areas/more densely populated regions of Nepal. Four potential source areas in Nepal were focused as it was conjectured that urban centers in plain areas (Birgunj and Biratnagar) would possibly be more influenced by PAHs as a result of intense biomass/crop residue burning than those in hilly areas (Kathmandu and Pokhara). The overall concentrations of ∑16PAHs ranged from 4.3 to 131 ng/m3 (median 33.3 ng/m3). ∑16PAH concentrations in plain areas were two folds higher than those in hilly areas. PHE was the most abundant followed by FLUA, PYR, and NAP, which accounted for 36%, 15%, 12%, and 9% of ∑16PAHs, respectively. Principal component analysis confirmed that PAHs in highly urbanized areas (Kathmandu and Pokhara) were related to diesel exhausts and coal combustion, while PAHs in less urbanized regions (Birgunj and Biratnagar) originated from biomass and domestic wood combustions. Furthermore, in the urban areas of Nepal, vehicular emission could also influence atmospheric PAHs. The lifetime cancer risk per million populations due to PAH exposures was estimated to be higher for plain areas than that for hilly areas, suggesting a relatively greater risk of cancer in people living in plain areas.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in terms of geological sequestration presents the process of capturing CO2 from large point sources, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it into an underground geological formation. In addition to ecological benefits, underground injection of CO2 shows certain potential risks associated with unwanted migration of CO2 to groundwater and surface, so the possibility of carrying out such projects depends on the possibility of reducing mentioned risks to an acceptable level. For this purpose, a detailed risk assessment and analysis must be carried out, serving as the basis for a monitoring plan. Well designed and implemented monitoring plan and program provide important data on site integrity, well injectivity, and entire storage complex performance. This paper gives the overview of large scale and pilot projects of CO2 capture and geological storage in operation, under construction and in the phase of development all over the world, technology basics and available monitoring techniques. An example of CCS project monitoring is given through the monitoring program of the Lacq pilot project in France

Roads are one of the main causes of loss of biodiversity, with roadkill one of the main causes of mortality. The aim of this research was to identify sites with a high probability of roadkill of medium and large mammals, and the environmental variables that would explain it. We used the favourability function (F) to build the predictive models. There were 57 explanatory variables, and we collected 685 records of 10 species of medium and large native wild mammals from the ECOBIO Uruguay databases. They were grouped into native forest and grassland species, according to the main habitat. Two models were developed, one with all the variables and one with the anthropogenic variables. For both groups, the model obtained with all the variables was the most significant according to the evaluation indices used. This made it possible to identify the hot spots of roadkill (F &gt, 0.6) for each of the groups. The anthropic variables were the ones that best explained these hot spots. This allowed the identification of sites where the probability of roadkill is high and requires a monitoring plan to implement mitigation measures in the future.

Desde a ampliação do sistema rodoviário no Brasil na década de 1930, tem-se um cenário com inúmeras obras viárias em diferentes condições de uso e segurança. Tal fato é preocupante devido à falta de monitoramento adequado em OAEs (Obras de Arte Especiais) e por quem de fato estas estruturas devem ser monitoradas. Estas estruturas estão sujeitas às ações de forças estáticas e dinâmicas, podendo causar deslocamentos e/ou deformações que se caracterizam por sua amplitude, direção e comportamento temporal. Há também processos de deteriorações, sejam por desgaste ao uso ou por solicitações naturais, levando-se ao enfraquecimento da estrutura. A incorporação de métodos de inspeção e monitoramento no comportamento estrutural em OAEs torna-se crescente devido ao alto custo de recuperação destas obras. Contudo, é necessário que haja um plano de monitoramento contínuo ou periódico, de acordo com as grandezas admissíveis de cada estrutura. A tecnologia dos GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) por meio da metodologia de levantamento RTK (Real Time Kinematic), mostrou-se capaz de oferecer suporte em tempo real no controle de deformações estruturais. Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido o SiGE (Sistema de Gerenciamento Estrutural) para monitoramento e emissão de alertas acerca de eventos previamente determinados pelo operador do sistema. Com a obtenção destes dados em tempo real, é possível avaliar a segurança da estrutura em serviço, monitorar a estrutura de forma contínua e segura e aprimorar projetos futuros com a definição de deslocamentos estruturais máximos.

The work was developed in real context, in the facility of hospital and others dangerous solid waste incineration. It’s involved bibliographic research, analysis of the best available technologies, comparing them with those implemented, proposal for new measures to be implemented, a survey and evaluation of the environmental aspects and impacts associated, with proposal of mitigation measures of the identified impacts, as well as the presentation of a monitoring plan. The impacts from the installation are small and of limited magnitude, with the exception of the impacts associated with gaseous emissions and energy consumption.

LBr-1 is a small depleted hydrocarbon field in the Czech part of the Vienna Basin. Within REPP-CO2, a Czech-Norwegian research project, a consortium of 7 partners is making the first steps towards obtaining a storage permit and realization of CO 2 injection in future. The work includes collecting the necessary data; conducting laboratory investigations; constructing a three-dimensional geological model of the storage complex, developing dynamic models to be used for simulation of the CO 2 injection phase and post-injection one; executing a risk analysis, and compiling a monitoring plan. The project represents the first step in development of the LBr-1 site towards a research CO 2 storage pilot in the Czech Republic. Fundamental milestones of site assessment, site characterisation, CO 2 injection simulation and risk analysis have been achieved, and plans for further stages of site development have been elaborated. The work is now continuing within the ENOS project funded by the EC within the Horizon 2020 programme, with the final vision to start CO 2 injection around 2020.

The potential resource for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in strata underlying the North Sea is mostly within brine-saturated sandstone formations which are each many hundreds to thousands of square kilometres in extent. The immense potential to store CO2 in these rocks can only be fully achieved by the operation of more than one injection site within each formation. A UK North Sea case study anticipates the operation of two injection sites in the Captain Sandstone and assesses any interaction between the injection sites. Technical investigations to optimize the storage capacity in a regionally extensive North Sea sandstone by the operation of more than one injection site within a storage formation [1] are summarised: geological modelling; geomechanical modelling; simulation of CO2 injection; monitoring planning. The UK case study includes the Goldeneye Field, the storage site investigated for the planned Peterhead CCS project. An injection scenario was examined that comprised an initial project storing within a depleted hydrocarbon field structure followed by a second injection site within the surrounding saline aquifer. The research investigations were targeted to identify and reduce any perceived concerns specific to the operation of two sites by a risk assessment-led process. Requirements for a monitoring plan specific to a multi-user storage formation, based on the prediction of storage site performance, were also developed. Generic learning applicable to any suitable multi-user storage sandstone was captured, from the process followed and the technical knowledge acquired, on the characterisation of extensive sandstone formations, management of the planned injection operations and monitoring planning.

The aim of this study was to assess levels of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (DL-PCBs) in food of animal origin produced in the Netherlands, including potential trends in time. Test results from about 2500 samples of animal derived food products (beef, veal, lamb, chicken, pork, deer, milk and eggs), sampled for the National Residue Monitoring Plan from 2001–2011, were evaluated. Most samples were screened with a bioassay and, if suspected, analysed by GC-HRMS. The fraction of samples which were non-compliant with European maximum levels was rather low, being below 1% for most food products, except for lamb. Exceedance of action levels was particularly observed for lamb and beef. To obtain an insight into background levels, a randomly taken part of the samples was directly analysed by GC-HRMS. In general, only minor decreases in mean PCDD/F and DL-PCB concentrations could be observed for the period 2001–2011. This may be due to a plateauing of current background levels but also to factors like the sensitivity of the analytical method.

Scientific and clinical progress together with the development of effective novel therapeutic options has engendered multiple important changes in the diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema (HAE). We now update and extend the 2013 United States Hereditary Angioedema Association Medical Advisory Board guidelines for the treatment and management of HAE. The guidelines are based on a comprehensive literature review with recommendations indicating both the strength of our recommendation and the quality of the underlying evidence. Guidelines are provided regarding the classification, diagnosis, on-demand treatment, prophylactic treatment, special considerations for women and children, development of a comprehensive management and monitoring plan, and assessment of burden of illness for both HAE due to C1 inhibitor deficiency and HAE with normal C1 inhibitor. Advances in HAE treatment now allow the development of management plans that can help many patients with HAE lead a normal life. Achieving this goal requires that physicians be familiar with the diagnostic and therapeutic transformations that have occurred in recent years.

This deliverable details PoliRural's quality and risk monitoring plan. The success criteria are used to monitor the progress towards the project objectives and its expected impact. The project objectives and related success criteria defined in the Description of Action (DoA) are presented. The progress will be regularly monitored by the Steering Committee and reported to the REA in three Periodic Reports, and one Final Report delivered within the reporting periods as set by the Grant Agreement. The Consortium ensures that the deliverables and any other documents produced in the lifetime of the project will be of the highest quality by introducing the Deliverable Quality Management process including the deliverable internal peer review and step-by-step approval split down in three phases of a 45-day Deliverable Approval Process. The list of internal expert reviewers of PoliRural deliverables is defined in the Annex 1. The Consortium recognises that even the most perfectly drafted work plan can stumble upon risks, which can influence the project’s outcomes. Therefore, the PoliRural partners have implemented the Continuous Risk Management approach and have used this methodology to identify multiple critical risks, to suggest mitigation measures and to perform the project's first risk assessment. The results of the critical risks assessment are reported in the Annex 2. The risks will be continuously monitored throughout the lifetime of the project and the Consortium’s initial risk assessment will be updated on a regular basis. Together with the progress on the success criteria, the updated risk assessment will be reported to the REA on four occasions during the project duration.

International audience; Some historical musical instruments are still played today, and are prone to be affected by mechanical wear of superficial varnishes in direct contact with the musicians. In a previous work, an ad-hoc monitoring plan for historical violins, that involves the use multiple non-invasive analytic techniques, achieved good performance. However, the high number of techniques is a limitation if we want to perform frequent checks. In this work, our aim is to rely only on UV induced fluorescence images for performing a fast, preliminary check and then, if a possible alteration is detected, conduct spectroscopic analyses, which are more precise but also more time consuming. In this study, we explore the a-contrario framework in order to allow for the automatic detection of significant changes in the superficial varnishes. The difficulty of detecting the changes is represented by the need to define the significance of a change, in the absence of a ground truth provided by the expert. Tests performed on samples that simulate the effect of surface alteration during time show promising results.

Cette etude s’inscrit dans un projet de recherche portant sur l’evaluation des impacts environnementaux et sanitaires de l’orpaillage dans la zone de Komabangou au Niger. L’objectif est de determiner les niveaux de contamination des elements traces dans les sols et d'analyser leur distribution spatiale. Des echantillons des sols ont ete preleves en 2016 dans 27 localites dont 24 sur differents sites de la zone aurifere de Komabangou et 3 sur sites temoins. Les concentrations en elements traces (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb et Zn) dans les sols ont ete determinees par spectrometrie de masse avec plasma a couplage inductif (ICP-MS). La pollution des sols a ete evaluee en calculant les index de pollution (IP) des sols. Les resultats montrent que les concentrations en elements traces metalliques (ETM) dans les sols different en fonction du site et du metal considere. Les cartes de repartition spatiale montrent une importante concentration des elements traces tels que As, Cd, Pb et Zn au centre de la zone aurifere. Plusieurs de ces teneurs en ETM sont superieures aux seuils reglementaires. Aussi sur les 27 sites etudies, 12 ont des valeurs d’IP superieures a 1 revelant ainsi une contamination des sols par plusieurs elements. Ces resultats montrent une accumulation des metaux dans les sols qui peuvent persister dans l’environnement. Cela peut poser de serieux risques sanitaires pour l’Homme. Pour prevenir tout risque, un plan de surveillance de la contamination des sols devrait etre mis en place et il faudrait envisager de traiter les sites pollues. © 2019 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles : Orpaillage, sols, contamination, elements traces metalliques, valeurs limites, Komabangou, Niger. English Title : Spatial distribution of metallic trace elements in soils of Komabangou gold zone in Niger This study is part of research project on environmental and health impacts of gold mining in Komabangou area of Niger. The objective is to determine pollution levels of trace elements in soils and to analyze their spatial distribution. Soil samples were collected in 2016 at 27 localities, including 24 at different sites in Komabangou gold zone and 3 at control sites. Concentrations of trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soils were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Soil pollution was assessed by calculating soil pollution index (PI). The results show that metal trace element concentrations in soils differ depending to the site and the metal. Spatial distribution maps show a high concentration of trace elements such as As, Cd, Pb and Zn in the center of the gold zone. Many concentrations of trace elements in soils are above regulatory thresholds. Also, of the 27 sites studied, 12 have PI values greater than 1, revealing soil contamination by several elements. These results show an accumulation of metals in soils, which can persist in the environment. This can pose serious health risks for humans. To prevent any risk, soil contamination monitoring plan should be put in place and consideration should be given to treating polluted sites. Keywords : Gold panning, soils, contamination, trace elements, limit values, Komabangou, Niger.

A aquicultura é a atividade que mais cresce dentre os setores de produção de alimentos, porém, sua prática pode causar impactos ambientais no ambiente aquático, caso não haja um plano de monitoramento eficiente. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o grau de trofia do ambiente utilizando o Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) em uma atividade aquícola de sistema de produção em tanques-rede no reservatório do Lajeado, Palmas, Tocantins na estação seca do ano. O monitoramento foi realizado no período de maio/2017 a agosto/2017 e envolveu a coleta de amostras para análises dos seguintes parâmetros de qualidade de água: fósforo total e clorofila-a. Paralelamente, houve a realização de coleta de dados de temperatura, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, pH e sólidos totais dissolvidos. Os resultados do cálculo do Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) mostraram que a área em estudo durante os meses de maio e agosto apresentou-se predominantemente em graus eutrófico e hipereutrófico. O ponto controle também apresentou alto grau de trofia, indicando que o estado trófico do lago nas proximidades da área aquícola sofre forte influência de atividades antrópicas externas. Assim, os efeitos desta atividade a médio e longo prazo são difíceis de serem previstos, havendo a necessidade constante do monitoramento e controle da qualidade da água.Palavras-chave: aquicultura, eutrofização, impacto ambiental, poluição, tanque rede. MONITORING OF AQUACULTURE IN CONTINENTAL RESERVOIRS USING THE TROPHIC STATUS INDEX ABSTRACT:Aquaculture is the fastest growing activity among food production sectors, however, its practice can cause environmental impacts, in case if a monitoring plan is not applied. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the trophic environment status using the Trophic State Index (TSI) in an aquaculture activity in a netcage system in the Lajeado reservoir, Palmas, Tocantins during the dry season. The monitoring was carried out from May / 2017 to August / 2017 and involved the water sampling for analysis of the following water quality parameters: total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. At the same time, data were collected on temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH and total dissolved solids. The Trophic State Index (TSI) results showed that the area under study during the months of May and August was predominantly under a supereutrophic condition. It indicates that the lake trophic state in the aquaculture surrounding area is strongly influenced by external anthropogenic activities. Thus, the effects of this activity in the medium and long term are difficult to predict, so it´s necessary to monitor and control the water quality.Keywords: aquaculture, eutrophication, environmental impact, pollution, net cage.

Telfer Gold Mine is located in the Great Sandy Desert and consists of both open pit and underground operations, including a mature sublevel cave (SLC). Changes to SLC design, with the addition of several sublevels, have resulted in an increased cave influence zone, with particular impact on the 4650 to 4600 Decline. This increased cave influence was identified during the planning stage risk assessment for the additional sublevels and a monitoring plan with associated trigger action response plans (TARPs) were included in the cave major hazard management plan (CMHMP). Once TARPs were triggered, ground support upgrades and a planned bypass were initiated for a section of the main decline. High underground temperatures and difficult work conditions resulted in the bypass activity being delayed until temperatures subsided. Due to the delays with bypass development and ongoing progression of deformation at a faster-than-expected rate, access through the original section of decline needed to be maintained for a greater length of time and with higher-than-expected deformation rates. Both a tactical ground support upgrade and a risk management plan based around monitoring data were used to maintain safe access through the main decline until the bypass was complete. Monitoring data showed a clear cause and effect between SLC production and deformation, allowing SLC production holds to be used as a key control.

Lantharenol® is a feed additive consisting of lanthanum carbonate octahydrate. It is currently authorised as a zootechnical additive (decrease in phosphorous excretion via urine) for cats; this opinion concerns the renewal of the authorisation. In 2007, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) adopted an opinion on the safety and efficacy of Lantharenol® as a feed additive for cats. The applicant has provided data demonstrating that the additive complies with the conditions of authorisation. The available evidence, including the results of the post‐market monitoring plan, confirms that the use of Lantharenol® in cat food at the maximum authorised concentration of 7.5 g/kg of complete feed is safe for cats. In the absence of new data, the FEEDAP Panel reiterates its previous conclusion that Lantharenol® does not pose a risk by inhalation and is not an irritant to skin or eye and not a dermal sensitiser. The FEEDAP Panel considers that there is no need for a continuation of a specific post‐market monitoring plan.

La rata topera (Arvicola scherman) es una especie de gran interés, tanto por su papel como presa de multitud de depredadores, como por el impacto de sus daños sobre la agricultura. Las variaciones en su abundancia poblacional y el papel de los factores que la modulan han sido ampliamente estudiadas en el norte de Europa, pero hasta el momento, se carecía de esta información para las poblaciones del Pirineo. En el presente trabajo se exponen los resultados obtenidos en el plan de monitorización de la especie en Navarra desde 2016 hasta 2020, describiendo tanto los cambios de abundancia registrados, como la influencia de los factores ambientales y de gestión agroganadera analizados. Describimos una variación de la abundancia a lo largo del año, con valores significativamente mayores en primavera que en verano; y entre los 5 años de muestreo, con una abundancia significativamente mayor en 2016 y 2020. La pluviometría acumulada en los meses previos al censo y el pastoreo con ovejas han sido los factores retenidos en los modelos con influencia significativa. Ambos han ejercido un efecto positivo sobre la rata topera, aumentando su abundancia al incrementarse la pluviometría y con el aprovechamiento con ganado ovino. Se discute el papel de estos factores y otras variables de estructura del paisaje y de gestión agrícola en los cambios de abundancia poblacional de la rata topera.

The paper presents aspects regarding the component of the HVAC system and their monitoring system of a school building, which use both energy efficient concepts and renewable energy solutions

In response to a larger demand from the productive sector of information about specific data such as availability and quality of water in the province, San Luis Agua launched the monitoring project, which obtains data from 150 spots strategically located. Since 2013, and with the participation of productive sector, investors and users, San Luis Agua S.E. carries on the first stage of the Telemetric Monitoring Plan in real time through the installation of 59 stations, located near the town of Quines. The final project will have the measurement of hydro meteorological parameters in real time tending to the making of an Integral Hydric Balance, designed for the needs of users and planning, and to improve the use of the water available in the province. The data collected will be reported to a master station, located in the offices of San Luis Agua adn will be available for everybody

Both Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) and Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) have a wide range of strategies that include different economic instruments for nature conservation. Although the generation and maintenance of payment for hydrologic ecosystem services (Water-PES) is expanding in Brazil, there are difficulties in the implementation of projects. Due to the complexity and non-linearity of the hydrological processes, also affecting both EbA and Water-PES goals, monitoring quali-quantitative aspects of streams have been here addressed as a useful management tool. This study presents the Hydrological Monitoring Plan (HMP) of the Water Producer/PCJ project, operating between 2009-2014, in order to: 1) evaluate the impact of project actions under water quali-quantitative aspects; and 2) promote the incorporation of HMP’s elements in water resources management. HMP of the Water Producer/PCJ project has been implemented following the conditions for efficiency (baseline, long-term scale compatible with the actions of the project, in the experimental and reference watersheds). In addition, HMP is being implemented from upstream to downstream in catchments with areas ranging from 17 to 130 km2. This proposal favors the quantification and valuation of hydrologic services that could be assessed by ecohydrologic monitoring and modeling. Thus, we look forward to the consolidation of the Brazilian information system of water resources, the reduction of modeling uncertainties and integrated assessment of the consequences of land-use/land-cover change that strongly impact goals of EbA and Water-PES initiatives.