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An experiment system of tubes with one weakly covered end was established, and the outfield characteristics of fuel vapor explosions were studied through experiments. The results are as follows. After the rupture of the weakly covered end, three outfield overpressure peaks appeared due to the rupture of the weakly covered end (P1), the venting of the flame (P2), and external explosion (P3). The value of overpressure peaks showed a downward trend with an increase in distance, and the maximum overpressure was formed due to the external explosion. The value of overpressure peaks were related to the L/D ratio of the tube. With an increase in the L/D ratio, P1 and P3 in the near field showed an upward linear trend, while P2 and P3 in the far field showed a quadratic trend. In the case of the same L/D ratio, the maximum overpressure largely depended on the fuel volume fraction and external distance. The flame shape showed a changing process of jet flame - radial tension - mushroom cloud-shaped flame. The mushroom-shaped flame was formed mainly due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and vortex effect, and the value of axial flame parameters were greater than those of radial ones. With an increase in the L/D ratio, the axial flame parameters showed an upward linear trend, the radial flame parameters showed a downward linear trend, and their ratio showed an upward linear trend.

AIM: To study the causes of ocular trauma and how it leads to blindness in children and to put forward preventive measures.METHODS: Collect related data of 163 cases of ocular trauma(under 14 years old), including age, sex, vulnerant(causes of ocular trauma), ophthalmology, classification of ocular trauma and complications. And make a comparison of the visual acuity before and after treatment. OTS score is used to make an analysis of the correlation between the prognosis and the visual acuity.RESULTS: The ratio of male to female is 3.79:1; the most common group lies on the school-age children(7-10 years old); the visit time is ≤24h. Closed ocular trauma is the most common one. Collision injury is the main cause with blunt trauma as major type. Most patients got injured in residential areas and nearby areas. The most common complications are anterior chamber hemorrhage and traumatic cataract. The visual acuity of admission is grouped based on whether it is ≥0.05 or not. There are differences in visit time, nature of trauma, complications,trauma type and surgery, among which complications are independent influencing factors \〖OR=2.708, 95%CI(1.285-5.705)\〗. After the treatment, the visual acuity is grouped based on whether it is improved or not. There are differences in gender, age, visit time, nature of trauma and complications among which gender, age and visit time are independent influencing factors. The OR value of visit time is 2.895, 95%CI(1.296-6.465).CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma is one of the main causes leading to blindness in children. However, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of most ocular trauma by preventive measures.

Bi1-xMgxFeO3 (BMFO, x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08) multiferroic films were directly synthesized on flexible stainless steel (FSS), save the bottom electrode process, by means of sol–gel spin-coating technology. The effects of different bending conditions on ferroelectric, dielectric and leakage-current properties of BMFO films were investigated. The leakage-current densities of BiFeO3 (BFO, x = 0) and BMFO (x = 0.06) films were 5.86 × 10−4 and 3.73 × 10−7 A/cm2, which shows that the BMFO (x = 0.06) has more than three orders of magnitude lower than that of BFO film. The residual polarization (2 Pr) can be enhanced from 120 to 140 μC/cm2. The proper doping of Mg in BiFeO3 film could provide an effective method for reducing the leakage-current values as well as boosting the ferroelectric properties. In this study, the leakage-current mechanism of low electric field and high electric field of BMFO film is analyzed and established. In addition, the flexible BMFO film maintains practical ferroelectric and leakage-current properties at retention time of 106 s under different symmetry bending conditions. These results indicate that the BFMO film will be very practical in opto-electronic and storage device applications.

Purpose: To formulate trimethyl chitosan-functionalized retinoic acid-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles for the effective treatment of glioma. Methods: Retinoic acid-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (R-SLNs) were prepared using homogenization followed by sonication. R-SLN surfaces were functionalized electrostatically with trimethyl chitosan as a nanocarrier (TR-SLNs) with enhanced anti-cancer activity. They were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy, in vitro drug release, and cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies. Results: Morphological images showed spherical and uniformly dispersed nanoparticles. A sustained monophasic release pattern was observed throughout the study period. Furthermore, the anti-cancer effect of TR-SLNs was demonstrated by increased cell killing activity compared with the free drug (p < 0.01); negligible cytotoxicity was observed with blank carriers. Apoptosis assay showed increased cell populations in early/late apoptotic and necrotic phases. Conclusion: This study showed the potential application of surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticles for the effective treatment of brain cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]