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This scientific work is dedicated to the research of the topical issue of the procedure and time of acquisition of the right of ownership in the case of acquiring a thing by purchasing it from an unauthorized seller. Such cases are not uncommon in property circulation in society, but without proper legal regulation of their mechanisms and consequences, a significant part of things will be withdrawn from property circulation. Of course, a certain role is played here by the revived institution of acquisitive prescription, but also important importance is attached to the tools of obtaining ownership at the time of occupation of the thing in accordance with the mechanism of Art. 330 of the Central Committee of Ukraine. However, this article is in significant conflict with Art. 388 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which regulates the procedure and grounds for vindication protection of property, which is a shortcoming of the current legislation. Therefore, the work analyzes theoretical developments in the commented direction and compares them with the practical course of concrete relations when a bona fide purchaser receives an item from a person who was not supposed to alienate the property, but did so voluntarily or involuntarily. Doctrinal approaches to the consequences of such an occupation have been studied. It was established that the good faith of the illegal expropriator does not matter, the legal consequences of such a transaction are determined based on the identity of the acquirer. If he is in good faith, which is presumed, then the acquisition of the right of ownership by acquisitive prescription can occur for a person in good faith only in the case when he owns a thing that was lost, stolen or otherwise removed from authorized subjects. In all other cases, the property is immediately acquired by a bona fide person at the time of receiving the property from an unauthorized seller. However, the author does not support the indicated approach to the acquisition of property at the moment when a bona fide subject receives property from an unauthorized seller, not as a ready- made recipe, but only as a starting material for further theoretical construction. Such work was carried out in this article, specific proposals were made regarding the improvement of the current regulatory framework.

Abstract The development of deposition processes for metal carbide thin films is rapidly advancing, driven by their potential for applications including catalysis, batteries, and semiconductor devices. Within this landscape, atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers exceptional conformality, uniformity, and thickness control on spatially complex structures. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the thermal ALD of MoCx with MoCl5 and 1,4‐bis(trimethylgermyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyrazine [(Me3Ge)2DHP] as precursors, focusing on the functional properties and characterization of the films. The depositions are conducted at 200–300 °C and very smooth films with RMS Rq ≈0.3–0.6 nm on Si, TiN, and HfO2 substrates are obtained. The process has a high growth rate of 1.5 Å cycle−1 and the films appear to be continuous already after 5 cycles. The films are conductive even at thicknesses below 5 nm, and films above 18 nm exhibit superconductivity up to 4.4 K. In lieu of suitable references, Raman modes for molybdenum carbides and nitrides are calculated and X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used for phase analysis.

Background: Recent attempts to rekindle the decolonisation of education project in South Africa, is a reaction to perceptions that there are fundamental frailties in the existing curriculum. Childhood education is yet to take up the challenge in any substantive way. Aim: To explore the insights critical posthumanism might offer in attempting to address a comprehensive decolonial effort in early childhood education transformational initiatives. Setting: This essay is framed within the context of curriculum decolonisation and transformation work in early childhood education. Methods: This experimental think-piece, attempts to theorise early childhood education alongside critical posthumanism. Results: Staying true to posthuman ways of thinking, doing and becoming, we deliberately avoided presenting any determinist, neatly packaged ‘results’, in order to further open up the debate to include alternative ways of thinking and doing curriculum work in early childhood ecologies. Conclusions: Early childhood transformation initiatives, has to recognise the fundamental embeddedness of the existing school subjects in Western-Eurocentric humanist tradition. The effects of this canonical orientation are, that the tenets of Western-Eurocentrism remain unchallenged, that a racialised colonial education prevails in contemporary times, and that the centering of the adult human at the expense of the more-than-human, including child, is sustained. The nature-culture and child or adult dualisms prevail and, a consolidation of a deficit, sub-human construction of children, as immature, fragile and innocent. Critical Posthumanism suggests thinking anew. Contribution: An interrogation of the assumptions on which contemporary childhood education is based, and consideration for the advancement of posthumanist ways of thinking, doing, and becoming.

The in vitro demineralization of bone tissue is used for simulating the osteoporosis related bone loss. This way would be helpful in observations of bone apatite dissolution in microstructural level and may give significant input for understanding crystal-chemistry of bone resorption. In the case of cortical bone, demineralization occurs inhomogeneously, with the formation of a superficial demineralized layer and a transition zone with a gradient of concentration and structural characteristics perpendicular to the reaction advance front. Changes in the microstructural parameters of the bone mineral in this interface zone are of great interest for understanding the resorptive processes in the bone associated with osteoporosis. In this work, the SEM-EDX method was used to estimate the sizes of the demineralized and interface layers in the cortical bone during stepwise demineralization in HCl water solution; the general patterns of changes in the concentrations of Ca, P, and Cl in these layers were established. The calculations of the effective penetration depth of X-rays in diffraction mode for the intact and partially demineralized cortical bone were performed. It is shown that the use of CoKα radiation (instead of the usual CuKα) ensures the depth of probing within the interface zone, which allows to adequately assess the microstructural parameters (crystallite sizes and lattice microdeformations) of altered bioapatite in the zone of its interaction with an acid agent. A nonmonotonic change in the average size of crystallites and microdeformations of the apatite lattice was revealed during acid demineralization of the bone. Using asymmetric XRD geometry, the evidence was obtained that the affected mineral of the transition zone does not contain other crystalline phases except for weakly crystallized apatite. For the first time, the depth-controlled XRD analysis was applied to such a complex (surface-gradient) object as partially demineralized cortical bone. Additionally, we propose a rapid, averaging, and non-destructive method for estimating the depth of the reaction front dividing the demineralized and non-demineralized portions of the bone by XRD. The consistency of XRD and SEM-EDX data on the thickness values of the demineralized layer is shown.

Murris, K. 2022. Karen Barad as Educator: Agential Realism and Education. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Ptd Ltd.

The time series of GNSS coordinates contain signals caused by the age-related movement of tectonic plates, the deformation of the Earth’s surface, as well as errors at different time scales from sub-daily tidal deformation to the long-term deformation of the surface load. Depending on the nature of the signal, specific approaches are used for both the visual interpretation and pre-processing of time series and their statistical analysis. However, none of the present software analyzes the nature of the residual errors but assumes their random nature and obedience to the classical normal distribution. One of the methods for analyzing the time series of coordinates with residual, unaccounted-for systematic errors is the non-classical error theory of measurements. The result of this work is a developed software solution for analyzing the time series of GNSS coordinates to test their normality, or in other words, to test whether a particular GNSS station is subject to the influence of small, unaccounted-for errors. Conclusions: After testing our software on four reference stations in Europe, we concluded that none of the chosen stations followed the normal law of distribution; thus, it is vital to perform such tests before conducting any experiments on the time series from reference stations.

Measurement(s) forest management type Technology Type(s) Geo-Wiki toolbox

The velocities of tectonic plates derived from GNSS time series are regularly used as input data for geophysical models. However, as shown by numerous researches, the coordinates time series contain residual errors of a systematic nature, which can significantly affect the reliability of the obtained velocity estimates. This research shows that using non-classical error theory of measurement (NETM) for processing GNSS time series allows detecting the presence of weak, not removed from GNSS processing, sources of systematic errors. Based on the coordinate time series of selected permanent GNSS stations in Europe, we checked the empirical distributions of errors by the NETM on G. Jeffries' recommendations and on the principles of the theory of hypothesis tests according to Pearson's criterion. It is established that the obtained coordinates time series of GNSS-stations only partially confirm the hypothesis of their conformity to the normal Gaussian distribution law, and this may be the main reason for their unrepresentative classification. In the future, it is necessary to identify and take into account the causes of residual errors that distort the real distribution of the results of the GNSS time series.

Purpose: verification of the effectiveness of training future masters in physical culture and sports for professional activity in a fitness center. Material and methods: questioning, testing; pedagogical experiment; statistical methods, factor analysis. The study involved 34 applicants for the second (master’s) level of higher education 1-2 years of study, educational and professional program (EPP) «Physical culture and sports», specialty 017 «Physical culture and sports». In order to determine the effectiveness of training future masters in physical culture and sports for professional activity in a fitness center, a survey was carried out of applicants for the second (master’s) level of higher education; the levels of readiness formation of future masters in physical culture and sports for professional activity in a fitness center. Results: after the completion of the formative stage of the pedagogical experiment, the indicators characterizing a high level of readiness for professional activity in a fitness center increased among applicants in the control group from 7,34% to 11,20%, among applicants in the experimental group from 8,44% to 24,12%. Accordingly, the data characterizing a sufficient level of readiness for professional activity has changed - in the control group from 44,47% to 52,55%, in the experimental group from 49,31% to 68,22%. The data characterizing the elemental level of formation of readiness for professional activity decreased in the control group from 48,19% to 36.25%, in the experimental groups from 42,25% to 7,66%. At the end of the pedagogical experiment, the most significant structural components of readiness were the motivational component; cognitive-reflexive component; personality and activity component. Conclusions: the effectiveness of training future masters in physical culture and sports for professional activity in a fitness center has been determined and tested; the structure of training future masters in physical culture and sports for professional activity in a fitness center has been improved; the provisions for the development and design of the content of the physical culture and sports for the preparation of future masters of physical culture and sports have been improved; the criteria and levels of the readiness formation of future masters in physical culture and sports for professional activity in the conditions of a fitness center.

Introduction and aim. The problem of constructing a training process for highly skilled players at the special preparation phase is not researched well enough. The special preparation phase should involve the specificity of the competition calendar, development of the structure and content of the corresponding types of micro cycles, and scientifically based selection of methods of training. The aim of the research is to analyze the structure and content of the training process of highly skilled football players during the special preparation phase of the preparation period at the first macrocycle of the annual cycle. Materials and methods. 22 highly skilled football players of Kamianets-Podіlskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University aged 18-23 participated in the research. All of them are MA students and elite athletes. Methods of analysis of scientific literature, pedagogical observation, timing of training work, and mathematical statistics were used in the research. Results and conclusions. The special preparation phase consists of two mesocycles. The basic stabilizing (control and preparation) mesocycle - the volume and intensity of training sessions - was characterized by the widespread use of special-training exercises. In comparison with previous mesocycles, considerably more trainings were devoted to technical, tactical and game preparation. Technical and tactical training was carried out in the form of adaptive training exercises along with special physical training. Pre-competition mesocycle rolled up the preparation of the athletes for the competition period. The reparation in this mesocycle had an expressed “integral” character. In this mesocycle, one should not forget about maintaining the level of special physical fitness. Maintaining it throughout the mesocycle is one of the important prerequisites for the steady growth of athletes’ physical state, but the composition of the means significantly changed by increasing the proportion of special technical and tactical exercises being held. In this mesocycle, the largest number of control games, starts, competitions, etc. were carried out. A special place in pre-competition mesocycle was taken by tactical and psychological training. The proportion of theoretical training also increased.

An experimental study of the magnetocaloric effect in tetraaquabis(hydrogen maleato)nickel(II), [Ni(C4H3O4)2(H2O)4] powder sample is presented. The magnetocaloric properties of the studied sample were investigated using specific heat and magnetization measurements in magnetic fields up to 9 T in the temperature range from 0.4 to 50 K. A large conventional magnetocaloric effect was found at a temperature of about 3.5 K, where −ΔSM = 8.5 Jkg−1K−1 and 11.2 Jkg−1K−1 for a magnetic field of 5 T and 7 T, respectively. Assuming a substantial role of the crystal field, the temperature dependence of the magnetic specific heat in a zero magnetic field was compared with an S = 1 model with single-ion anisotropy parameters D and E (axial and rhombic). The best agreement was found for the parameters D/kB = −7.82 K and E/kB = −2.15 K. On the other hand, the experimental temperature dependence of −ΔSM shows higher values compared to the theoretical prediction for the mentioned model, indicating the presence of additional factors in the system, such as an exchange interaction between magnetic ions. The first exchange pathway can be realized through maleic rings between the nearest Ni(II) ions. The second exchange pathway can be realized through water molecules approximately along the a crystallographic axis. Broken-symmetry DFT calculations performed using the computational package ORCA provided the values of ferromagnetic exchange interactions, J1/kB = 1.50 K and J2/kB = 1.44 K (using B3LYP functional). The presence of such ferromagnetic correlations in the studied system may explain the enhanced magnetocaloric effect compared with the model of an anisotropic spin-1 paramagnet.

У статті досліджено випадки пограбування жертв Голокосту у трьох невеликих містечках Західної Волині: Дубровиці, Корці й Костополі. Такі дії, окрім фінансування німецької мілітарної машини та збагачення німців, слугували легітимації геноциду й серед місцевого населення, його заохоченню до колаборації. На поведінку частини населення під час організації злочину в Костополі, Корці та Дубровиці впливали економічні чинники. Вже на початковому етапі Голокосту мешканці цих містечок долучилися до грабунку єврейських сусідів під час погромницьких акцій наприкінці червня – на початку липня 1941 р. У процесі створення гетто відбувалися стихійні пограбування помешкань жертв і «легалізована» нацистською окупаційною владою торгівля їхнім майном (переважно одягом і побутовими речами). У період існування гетто в Костополі, Дубровиці та Корці тутешнє населення (переважно селяни) активно долучилося до нерівноцінних торгових обмінів із єврейськими бранцями. В обмін на одяг, взуття, прикраси та гроші селяни приносили євреям їжу. Коли кошти закінчувалися, євреї пропонували свою працю в обмін на їжу. Таку взаємодію значно легше було організувати бранцям гетто відкритого типу в Корці та Дубровиці. Голод у гетто був найстрашнішим тоді, коли в мешканців закінчувалися цінні речі, за які можна було вимінювати продовольство, а селяни втрачали інтерес надалі приносити їжу. На етапі знищення гетто в усіх трьох містечках відбувалися стихійні пограбування будинків убитих євреїв. Після ліквідаційних акцій щоразу розпочиналася торгівля єврейським майном (переважно одягом, меблями й нерухомістю). «Легалізовану» нацистською окупаційною владою торгівлю у Дубровиці та Костополі здійснювали працівники міських управ (це були переважно місцеві українці). Найбільшу вигоду мали сусіди євреїв (українці й поляки), що мешкали у цих містах і довколишніх селах. У Корці торгівлю майном убитих євреїв контролювала районна управа, а участь у ній брали переважно місцеві українські селяни. Окрім фізичних осіб, у цьому районі участь у придбанні меблів і будинків жертв Голокосту брали й українські організації (сільські філії товариства «Просвіта», українські школи тощо). Доля тих євреїв, яким вдалося утекти з гетто або місць розстрілів, залежала від ставлення місцевого населення. Мешканці довколишніх сіл по-різному ставилися до жертв, які мусили переховуватися поза межами гетто. Зокрема, селяни і містяни в нечисленних випадках безкорисливо переховували жертв (поведінка рятівників), надавали прихисток або їжу, допомагали євреям з метою отримання якихось зиску (використання жертв Голокосту як робочої сили, нерівноцінні обміни їжі на матеріальні цінності), переховували за гроші або інші цінності, видавали представникам окупаційної влади жертв в обмін на матеріальну вигоду (яка зазвичай вимірювалася такими дефіцитними у воєнний час товарами, як керосин, спиртні напої, сіль і цукор) і навіть брали активну участь у виявленні місць переховування євреїв як за винагороду, так і незначні кар’єрні преференції. Як засвідчують спогади жертв Голокосту, значна частина українських і польських селян вибудовували різноманітні моделі взаємодії з жертвами Голокосту саме з метою отримати вигоду. В одних випадках це допомагало жертвам вижити (допомога в обмін на матеріальні речі). В інших – призводило до катастрофи. Хай там як, а «праведна» поведінка траплялася значно рідше, ніж та, що була мотивована економічним зиском

An experimental study of the rotational magnetocaloric effect in Ni(en)(H2O)4SO4∙2H2O (en = ethylenediamine) single crystal is presented. The study was carried out at temperatures above 2 K and was associated with adiabatic crystal rotation between the easy plane and hard axis in magnetic fields up to 7 T. The magnetocaloric properties of the studied system were investigated by isothermal magnetization measurement. The experimental observations were completed with ab initio calculations of the anisotropy parameters. A large rotational magnetic entropy change ≈12 Jkg−1K−1 and ≈16.9 Jkg−1K−1 was achieved in 5 T and 7 T, respectively. The present study suggests a possible application of this material in low-temperature refrigeration since the adiabatic rotation of the single crystal in 7 T led to a cooldown of the sample from the initial temperature of 4.2 K down to 0.34 K. Finally, theoretical calculations show that S = 1 Ni(II)-based systems with easy-plane anisotropy can have better rotational magnetocaloric properties than costly materials containing rare-earth elements in their chemical structures.

Risk assessment is one of the main tools that oil and gas industries use to assess the hazards and risks in their facilities worldwide. Qualitative and quantitative risk assessments are carried out at various phases of the process industry: conceptual stage, design stage, construction stage, operational stage, decommissioning stage, etc. The quantitative risk assessment is directed during the detailed design stage to decide the spacing and layout out of equipment for safe operation and maintenance of oil and gas industries. The equipment layout and spacing are based on the safe distances are to be carried out on various design safety studies. In this work, a study was carried out on upstream onshore natural gas gathering stations and associated equipment and pipeline networks. The fire, explosion assessment, and toxic gas dispersion are conducted to evaluate how it affects people, assets, and the environment. Whether the design protection systems are adequate to mitigate the consequences or any additional measures to reduce risk to an acceptable level is analyzed.

At present, there is a dearth of primary data on the experiences of the child survivors of trafficking for sexual exploitation. Qualitative research methodologies are needed to help researchers and practitioners from a variety of disciplines to understand the complex issues associated with child sex trafficking (CST), to gain greater insight into the nature of this problem, and to devise strategies to combat this form of trafficking. In this article, we report on our use of a synthesized methodology, life design narrative inquiry (LDNI), as a way to generate primary data on the experiences of the survivors. This methodology enables researchers to do research with CST survivors to gain a deeper insight into the nature of trafficking to devise strategies in different disciplines to combat this form of trafficking. Reflections on employing LDNI with child trafficking survivors revealed that this methodology is context sensitive, takes on an individualistic perspective, and leads to rich descriptions of CST survivors’ experiences. Reflections on ethical challenges revealed that gaining access to CST survivors is a complex process, protecting both the participants and the researchers against harm is challenging and that keeping confidentiality of participants is extremely important.

Theoretical ambiguities in curriculum studies result in conceptual mayhem. Accordingly, they hinder the development of the complicated conversation on curriculum as a verb. This article aims to contribute to reconceptualizing curriculum studies as a dynamic social practice that aspires to thinking and acting with intelligences and sensitivity so as to understand oneself and others. It also raises awareness that equating all forms of research on curriculum with curriculum studies dilutes the scope of the conversation. This exploration asks two key questions: What is the nature of doctoral theses in the field of education's theoretical contributions to nuances of curriculum (curriculum, curriculum development, and curriculum studies)? In what ways do these theses perpetuate or even add to current ambiguities in the discipline of curriculum studies? The exploration of these two questions draws on a critical meta-study of 511 theses completed in South African universities (2005-2012) conducted using a three level process. It appears that the main detractions of these theses are that some of them see curriculum studies as a dumping ground and others make no theoretical contribution to the discipline. The article concludes by suggesting ways which would encourage the intellectual advancement of curriculum studies through rigorous disciplinarity.

Transformation is often loosely defined. We argue that the reason for this is its inherent complexity. Paradoxically, its lack of definition is an asset, which provides an opportunity to rethink and research transformation in higher education, rather than an urgent problem to be solved. In this article, the possibilities for researching and rethinking transformation are based on an exploration of transformation in higher education and the policy directives that influenced its development in South Africa. A meta-study was used to determine the national publishing trends in the South African Journal of Higher Education and the way transformation in higher education is situated in some of the articles in this journal. The population of the study comprised 1050 articles published between 2005 and 2015 in the South African Journal of Higher Education. These were analysed to determine the broad national publishing trends. Thereafter, an in-depth analysis was conducted on 30 of these articles to determine the approach to transformation in higher education and the context in which it was discussed. Based on the findings of the analysis, we recommend future directions for rethinking and researching transformation in higher education.

In light of growing critique of human rights and human rights education, this article explores ontologies of human rights, the possibilities they present for dissensus and how this could influence human rights education in post-conflict education contexts towards reconciliation. We draw on Dembour’s (2010) categorisation of the different schools of human rights and Ranciere’s (2004) two forms of rights to explore possible constructing points of dissensus. The data obtained in a NRF funded project Human rights literacy: A quest for meaning (Roux, 2012), indicate that student-teachers are disillusioned by human rights and perceive a conflict between what human rights are (contextual) and could (idealistic) be. While we concur with Keet (2015) that there is a need for “Critical Human Rights Education” (Keet, 2015) we focus on human action and the structuring of dissensus within political, social and educational spaces as crucial to the continual formulation, claims, rejection, amendments and recognition of human rights. In conclusion, we pose that human rights education should be a continual dissonant process, enabling moments of dissensus within intersecting spaces of (non)existing rights.

It is imperative to take account of the many faces of justice when exploring the elements of a curriculum for justice. Justice is not only about equity, equality and fairness, but about creating spaces where people can learn to prioritise a significant Other and practise doing so. The curriculum needs to provide a space where the legal, restorative face of justice and its ethical face could coincide. Firstly, we argue that a sole focus on justice as reasonableness might reinforce the notion of "separate but equal", and that through a leveling of difference, we might opaquely strengthen difference without an inclination to care deeply for those whose background might differ from ours. Secondly, we argue that the legal and ethical faces of justice are not mono-tonal, but that these faces constitute many complexions based on the body holding it (or the person who attempts to make sense of these faces). In this article we will attempt to understand how we make sense of girls' voices on cultural and religious practices. Weimaginethat understanding how we understand Others might place us in a better position to provide guidelines to develop curriculum spaces for profound justice; i.e. justice that is based on reasonableness and, more importantly, on care.

Discussions on discipline in education often accentuate corporal punishment or measures to infuse moral fibre. In addition, many authors argue that inculcating a particular value system can promote discipline in schools. This could however be profoundly problematic in the light of the Constitution. We argue that positive discipline in multicultural school environments needs to be based in part on human rights values that are neither solely universally interpreted nor particularistically interpreted. We report on the data generated at a research workshop held as the final dissemination process of a four-year international research project entitled "Understanding human rights through different belief systems: intercultural and interreligious dialogue". Dialogue was chosen as a form of data gathering since it is more spontaneous than conventional questioning techniques and can thus generate more naturally occurring data to strengthen the outcomes of the project. It appears that some teachers believe discipline can only be maintained through the elevation of cultural values (particularism). We argue that schools should start negotiating, at the most basic level, the values, including emancipatory, human rights values, and cultural values, which could underpin positive discipline in multicultural schools. Drawing solely on cultural values is not only unlikely to solve the problem of discipline, but could also undermine the efforts to transform our diverse, democratic society.

South Africa is essentially a traumatised society in which remembrance of the past evokes many different emotions. This traumatised state is partly the result of the contradicting and confusing remembrances that individuals have of the past and how these translate into the present. This article proposes that remembrance should not be reduced to a strategic practice of viewing the past as a reconciliatory possibility for the future. Instead it proposes the past be seen as an opportunity for a critical form of learning. This requires attention to questions such as: How do we need to view curriculum to do justice to the notion of remembrance as critical learning? What method should we use to realise the ideals of critical learning of this kind? In considering these questions, the memory narratives of two students were explored and theorised in terms of intracategorical complexity. I argue that curriculum making for remembrance as critical learning could begin with eliciting individual memories through memory work and disrupting these remembrances through intersectionality and intracategorical complexity.

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a species complex of agricultural importance as it causes anthracnose disease on many crop species worldwide, and strong impact regionally on Water Yam ( Dioscorea alata ) in the Caribbean. In this study, we conducted a genetic analysis of the fungi complex in three islands of the Lesser Antilles-Guadeloupe (Basse Terre, Grande Terre and Marie Galante), Martinique and Barbados. We specifically sampled yam fields and assessed the genetic diversity of strains with four microsatellite markers. We found a very high genetic diversity of all strains on each island, and intermediate to strong levels of genetic structure between islands. Migration rates were quite diverse either within (local dispersal) or between islands (long-distance dispersal), suggesting important roles of vegetation and climate as local barriers, and winds as an important factor in long-distance migration. Three distinct genetic clusters highlighted different species entities, though there was also evidence of frequent intermediates between two clusters, suggesting recurrent recombination between putative species. Together, these results demonstrated asymmetries in gene flow both between islands and clusters, and suggested the need for new approaches to anthracnose disease risk control at a regional level.

Background: The immune system (innate and adaptive) is influenced by vitamin D3, which affects gene expression and inflammatory pathways. An umbrella review was conducted to evaluate the power and accuracy of data connecting vitamin D3 to the outcomes of COVID-19 infection and to appraise the proof provided by published meta-analyses., Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to 31 May 2022. Meta-analyses of prospective or retrospective observational studies and randomized trials were included. Evidence of association was graded according to the established criteria: strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or not significant., Results: From 74 publications, 27 meta-analyses described five associations between vitamin D3 levels and supplementation and COVID-19 outcomes. Low levels of vitamin D3 were significantly associated with severity (highly suggestive evidence; OR = 1.97 [95% CI, 1.55-2.51], p < 0.01; I 2 = 77%, p < 0.01) and mortality risk due to COVID-19 disease (OR = 1.83 [95% CI, 1.55-2.16], p < 0.01; I 2 = 50%, p < 0.01). Vitamin D3 supplementation, after a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, was associated with significantly reduced infection severity (e.g., ICU admission) and mortality., Conclusions: This umbrella review of the available evidence suggests that insufficient vitamin D3 may increase COVID-19 infection risk, severity, and mortality, in addition to showing a highly suggestive association between vitamin D3 supplementation and reduced severity and mortality among infected patients.