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1. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Measuring precise radial velocities in the near infrared: the example of the super-Earth CD Cet b

Author

Bauer, F. F., Zechmeister, M., Kaminski, A., López, C. Rodríguez, Caballero, J. A., Azzaro, M., Stahl, O., Kossakowski, D., Quirrenbach, A., Jarque, S. Becerril, Rodríguez, E., Amado, P. J., Seifert, W., Reiners, A., Schäfer, S., Ribas, I., Béjar, V. J. S., Cortés-Contreras, M., Dreizler, S., Hatzes, A., Henning, T., Jeffers, S. V., Kürster, M., Lafarga, M., Montes, D., Morales, J. C., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Schweitzer, A., and Solano, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The high-resolution, dual channel, visible and near-infrared spectrograph CARMENES offers exciting opportunities for stellar and exoplanetary research on M dwarfs. In this work we address the challenge of reaching the highest radial velocity precision possible with a complex, actively cooled, cryogenic instrument, such as the near-infrared channel. We describe the performance of the instrument and the work flow used to derive precise Doppler measurements from the spectra. The capability of both CARMENES channels to detect small exoplanets is demonstrated with the example of the nearby M5.0 V star CD Cet (GJ 1057), around which we announce a super-Earth ($4.0\pm0.4\,M_\oplus$) companion on a 2.29 d orbit.

Published
2020
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2. Overview of IFMIF-DONES diagnostics : Requirements and techniques

Author

C. Torregrosa-Martin, A. Ibarra, J. Aguilar, F. Ambi, F. Arranz, F. Arbeiter, A. Bagnasco, S. Becerril, D. Bernardi, B. Bolzon, E. Botta, B. Brenneis, M. Cappelli, P. Cara, J. Castellanos, D. Cosic, C. De la Morena, A. Diez, G. Ericsson, A. García, M. García, B. Garcinuño, J. Gutiérrez, V. Gutiérrez, D. Jimenez-Rey, T. Dezsi, M. Juni Ferreira, S. Fiore, W. Krolas, R. Lorenzo, M. Luque, L. Maciá, J. Marroncle, F. Martin-Fuertes, J.C. Marugán, J. Maestre, C. Meléndez, G. Miccichè, J. Mollá, A. Moreno, F.S. Nitti, C. Núñez, F. Ogando, T. Pinna, C. Oliver, I. Podadera, C. Prieto, R. Prokopowicz, Y. Qiu, D. Rapisarda, D. Regidor, E. Rodríguez, A. Sabogal, D. Sánchez-Herranz, M. Sanmarti, L. Seguí, A. Serikov, T. Tadić, A. Talarowska, U. Wiacek, M. Weber, J. Valenzuela, and A. Zsakai

Subjects
Technology, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, IFMIF-DONES, General Materials Science, ddc:600, Diagnostics, Instrumentation, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The IFMIF-DONES Facility is a unique first-class scientific infrastructure whose construction is foreseen in Granada, Spain, in the coming years. Strong integration efforts are being made at the current project phase aiming at harmonizing the ongoing design of the different and complex Systems of the facility. The consolidation of the Diagnostics and Instrumentation, transversal across many of them, is a key element of this purpose. A top-down strategy is proposed for a systematic Diagnostics Review and Requirement definition, putting emphasis in the one-of-a-kind instruments necessary by the operational particularities of some of the Systems, as well as to the harsh environment that they shall survive. In addition, other transversal aspects such as the ones related to Safety and Machine Protection and their respective requirements shall be also considered. The goal is therefore to advance further and solidly in the respective designs, identify problems in advance, and steer the Diagnostics development and validation campaigns that will be required. The present work provides an overview of this integration strategy as well as a description of some of the most challenging Diagnostics and Instruments within the facility, including several proposed techniques currently under study.

Published
2023

3. Outcome of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with microscopic residual disease after surgery and usefulness of postoperative radiotherapy: a retrospective cohort study

Author

L. Revelles‐Peñas, D. Revilla‐Nebreda, S. Becerril, L.A. Corchete, I. Domínguez‐Rullán, M. Martins‐Lopes, P. Arias‐Rodríguez, A. Rodríguez‐Guitiérrez, L.A. Pérez‐Romansanta, C. Román‐Curto, J. Cañueto, Junta de Castilla y León, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and European Commission

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Infectious Diseases, Neoplasm, Residual, Skin Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Humans, Female, Dermatology, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Prognosis, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

[Background]: Microscopic residual disease (MRD) after surgery can be a challenging situation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and there is a lack of evidence concerning its management. [Objective]: To evaluate the prognosis of CSCC with MRD and the usefulness of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in CSCC with MRD. [Methods]: Retrospective cohort study of CSCC with MRD through a 10-year period (2010–2019) (n = 244). Disease-free survival and event-free survival were assessed using R (v.3.4.1), considering competing risks. Evaluated outcomes were local recurrence (LR), nodal metastases (NMs), and disease-specific death (DSD). [Results]: Median age was 88y (IQR: 10.5). A total of 145 (59.43%) were men and 69 (28.28%) were immunosuppressed. Median tumour diameter and thickness were 19 and 6.4 mm (IQR 11 and 5.5 mm). Patients treated by re-excision had a relapse rate of 4.3% compared with 11.30% and 29.71% in those who received PORT and observation (P = 0.045). The use of PORT was associated with a lower risk of LR compared with observation (HR = 0.206 [0.049–0.859], P = 0.030), but not with a lower risk of NMs or DSDs. In the multivariable models, PORT was again associated with a lower risk of LR than observation (HR = 0.167 [0.039–0.708], P = 0.014), but not with lower risk of metastasis and death. [Conclusions]: We always should try to obtain clear margins after surgery. PORT improves local control in CSCC with MRD, but when administered to the tumour bed, it does not reduce the risk of NM and DSD., Javier Cañueto is partially supported by the grants GRS2139/A/20 (Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León), PI18/00587 and PI21/01207 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, confanciado con fondos FEDER) and by the ‘Programa de Intensificación of the ISCIII’, grant number INT20/00074.

Published
2022

4. ELT-HIRES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT: the Phase A study and the path to construction

Author

François Bouchy, Andrzej Niedzielski, Thomas Marquart, Stefano Cristiani, Giuseppina Micela, Matteo Genoni, Livia Origlia, Eric Stempels, Philipp Huke, A. Fragoso, I. de Castro Leão, G. Pietrzynski, Valentina D'Odorico, Erik Zackrisson, C. Hansen, E. Niemczura, Graham J. Murray, D. Sosnowska, Andreas Korn, Edwin A. Bergin, Michella Grey Araújo Monteiro, A. Cabral, A. Humphrey, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, P. Figueira, Stefano Covino, Sheila Vilarindo de Sousa, E. Gallo, John D. Monnier, Matteo Aliverti, Igor Coretti, Jose Luis Rasilla, G. Cupani, Sergio Ribeiro Augusto, David Lunney, José Peñate, Luca Pasquini, Lise Christensen, Klaus G. Strassmeier, Phil Rees, Andrea Chiavassa, Marco Riva, C. Lovis, Alessandro Marconi, B. L. Canto Martins, Étienne Artigau, B. Chazelas, Vardan Adibekyan, Enrico Pinna, Nelson J. Nunes, Christoph Mordasini, F. Sortino, Raffaele Gratton, Enric Palle, Rafael Rebolo, Lison Malo, Holger Drass, Isabelle Boisse, Tzu-Chiang Shen, P. Maslowski, I. Hughes, F. Tenegi, P. Parr-Burman, Hans Kjeldsen, René Doyon, A. Mucciarelli, Pedro J. Amado, J. I. González Hernández, Björn Benneke, Andrea Tozzi, Elena Mason, Johan P. U. Fynbo, Roberto Maiolino, M. Woche, C. Allende Prieto, Nikolai Piskunov, M. Amate, D. Romano, Nicoletta Sanna, J. R. De Medeiros, Tim Morris, P. Di Marcantonio, M. Sarajlic, A. Pollo, Xavier Bonfils, R. Calvo-Ortega, Francesco Pepe, Marco Xompero, Paolo Molaro, Roberto Cirami, Philippe Berio, G. Cresci, N. Bezawada, B. Nisini, L. Vanzi, J. Hlavacek-Larrondo, Ansgar Reiners, Ernesto Oliva, Manuel Abreu, M. A. F. de Souza, Stéphane Udry, Martin G. Haehnelt, Luca Valenziano, Michael Weber, S. Becerril, S. Rousseau, Cristina Martins, C. Broeg, Marco Landoni, S. C. C. Barros, V. Cunha Parro, Jochen Liske, I. Di Varano, Driss Kouach, Giorgio Pariani, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, BRA, CAN, CHL, DNK, POL, SWE, CHE, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, COSMIC cancer database, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Phase (waves), Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, 010309 optics, Stars, 0103 physical sciences, Path (graph theory), Spectral resolution, Extremely large telescope, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

HIRES is the high-resolution spectrograph of the European Extremely Large Telescope at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. It consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs providing a wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 µm (goal 0.35-2.4 µm) at a spectral resolution of 100,000. The fibre-feeding allows HIRES to have several, interchangeable observing modes including a SCAO module and a small diffraction-limited IFU in the NIR. Therefore, it will be able to operate both in seeing- and diffraction-limited modes. Its modularity will ensure that HIRES can be placed entirely on the Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or part on the Nasmyth and part in the Coud`e room. ELT-HIRES has a wide range of science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars (PopIII), tests on the stability of Nature’s fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The HIRES consortium is composed of more than 30 institutes from 14 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers.

Published
2020

5. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: measuring precise radial velocities in the near infrared: the example of the super-Earth CD Cet b

Author

Walter Seifert, Diana Kossakowski, Pedro J. Amado, Thomas Henning, Stefan Dreizler, Sebastian Schafer, Víctor J. S. Béjar, Juan Carlos Morales, Artie P. Hatzes, M. Lafarga, F. F. Bauer, A. Kaminski, S. V. Jeffers, Ansgar Reiners, J. A. Caballero, S. Becerril Jarque, Martin Kürster, Andreas Schweitzer, Mathias Zechmeister, Andreas Quirrenbach, Otmar Stahl, M. Azzaro, C. Rodríguez López, D. Montes, E. Rodríguez, Ignasi Ribas, M. Cortés-Contreras, Jürgen H. M. M. Schmitt, Enrique Solano, Bauer, F. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1212-5225, European Research Council, German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CSIC, Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, INSTITUTO DE ASTROFISICA DE ANDALUCIA (IAA), SEV-2017-0709, Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, INSTITUTO DE ASTROFÍSICA DE CANARIAS (IAC), SEV-2015-0548, European Research Council (ERC), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)

Subjects
Astrofísica, Stars: individual: CD Cet, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Stars: late-Type, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, individual: CD Cet [Stars], Super-Earth, radial velocities [Techniques], Near-infrared spectroscopy, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, late-Type [Stars], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary system, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Astronomía, Planetary systems, Orbit, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Techniques: radial velocities, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The high-resolution, dual channel, visible and near-infrared spectrograph CARMENES offers exciting opportunities for stellar and exoplanetary research on M dwarfs. In this work we address the challenge of reaching the highest radial velocity precision possible with a complex, actively cooled, cryogenic instrument, such as the near-infrared channel. We describe the performance of the instrument and the work flow used to derive precise Doppler measurements from the spectra. The capability of both CARMENES channels to detect small exoplanets is demonstrated with the example of the nearby M5.0 V star CD Cet (GJ 1057), around which we announce a super-Earth (4.0 ± 0.4 M· ) companion on a 2.29 d orbit. © 2020 ESO., CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto (Almeria, Spain), operated jointly by the Junta de Andalucia and the Instituto de Astrofisicade Andalucia (CSIC). CARMENES was funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Program and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars", the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. Based on data from the CARMENES data archive at CAB (INTA-CSIC). We acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Framework Program via the ERC Advanced Grant Origins 83 24 28, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through project RE 1664/14-1, the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projects AYA2018-84089, ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, the Centre of Excellence "Severo Ochoa" and "Maria de Maeztu" awards to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiologia (MDM-2017-0737), and the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA program.

Published
2020

6. Role of ghrelin isoforms in the mitigation of hepatic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress after bariatric surgery in rats

Author

S, Ezquerro, S, Becerril, C, Tuero, L, Méndez-Giménez, F, Mocha, R, Moncada, V, Valentí, J A, Cienfuegos, V, Catalán, J, Gómez-Ambrosi, K, Piper Hanley, G, Frühbeck, and A, Rodríguez

Subjects
Male, Acylation, Hepatocytes, Animals, Bariatric Surgery, Protein Isoforms, Rats, Wistar, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Cells, Cultured, Ghrelin, Hepatitis, Mitochondria, Rats
Abstract

Bariatric surgery improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We evaluated the potential role of ghrelin isoforms in the amelioration of hepatic inflammation after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).Plasma ghrelin isoforms were measured in male Wistar rats (n = 129) subjected to surgical (sham operation, sleeve gastrectomy, or RYGB) or dietary interventions [fed ad libitum a normal (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) or pair-fed diet]. The effect of acylated and desacyl ghrelin on markers of inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in primary rat hepatocytes under palmitate-induced lipotoxic conditions was assessed.Plasma desacyl ghrelin was decreased after sleeve gastrectomy and RYGB, whereas the acylated/desacyl ghrelin ratio was augmented. Both surgeries diminished obesity-associated hepatic steatosis, CD68Our data suggest that the increased relative acylated ghrelin levels after bariatric surgery might contribute to mitigate obesity-associated hepatic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress.

Published
2019

7. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden's Star

Author

A. Claret, E. Casal, Jorge Sanz-Forcada, D. Montes, Juan Luis Cano, N. Casasayas-Barris, M. Lampón, C. Rodríguez López, E. de Guindos, Michael Perryman, N. Lodieu, S. Pedraz, Johana Panduro, Otmar Stahl, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, Peter H. Hauschildt, E. Solano, A. López-Comazzi, Ralf Launhardt, J. I. Vico Linares, E. Herrero, M. J. López-González, J. Kemmer, P. Schöfer, T. Stuber, A. Klutsch, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, S. Reinhardt, Manuel López-Puertas, M. Ammler-von Eiff, M. Lafarga, Manuel Perger, R. Hernández Arabí, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, J. Garcia de la Fuente, Hugo M. Tabernero, Priyanka Chaturvedi, Ulrich Grözinger, M. López del Fresno, Grzegorz Nowak, F. J. Alonso-Floriano, M. Brinkmöller, F. Labarga, Lluis Gesa, R. Calvo Ortega, L. M. Lara, Juan Pablo Pascual, Francesc Vilardell, M. C. Cárdenas Vázquez, Andreas Schweitzer, Denis Shulyak, Aviv Ofir, A. Rosich, J. Klüter, Alfredo Sota, Ernesto Sánchez-Blanco, Ignasi Ribas, M. Tala Pinto, A. Fernández-Martín, V. Casanova, Sebastian Schafer, Vianak Naranjo, P. Martín-Fernández, S. Czesla, I. Hermelo, P. Rhode, Hannu Parviainen, Karl Wagner, M. Kürster, Hubert Klahr, Juan Carlos Suárez, Florian Rodler, V. Wolthoff, P. Bluhm, Birgit Fuhrmeister, M. Llamas, Emilio Marfil, S. V. Jeffers, Philipp Huke, H. Magán Madinabeitia, Jose A. Caballero, R. Antona Jiménez, Fei Yan, S. Lalitha, C. del Burgo, E. Díez-Alonso, A. Rodríguez Trinidad, A. Pavlov, F. F. Bauer, J. Góngora Rueda, M. Azzaro, Jesus M. Carro, I. Gallardo Cava, L. F. Sarmiento, M. Kim, A. Guijarro, Susana Martín-Ruiz, M. L. García Vargas, M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, Sabine Reffert, Lisa Nortmann, Andreas Quirrenbach, A. Fukui, M. Cortés-Contreras, Pedro J. Amado, H. Anwand-Heerwart, Ricardo Dorda, F. J. Lázaro, A. P. Hatzes, F. Hernández Otero, Javier López-Santiago, Jesús Aceituno, E. Mirabet, D. Baroch, Mahmoudreza Oshagh, Ana Pérez-Calpena, J. B. P. Strachan, Juan Carlos Morales, Evangelos Nagel, Th. Henning, R. González-Peinado, J. Helmling, David Barrado, E. N. Johnson, S. Dreizler, Lev Tal-Or, Enric Palle, Víctor J. S. Béjar, M. Fernandez, J. Guàrdia, S. Stock, E. L. Martin, S. Becerril, D. Pérez Medialdea, Armin Huber, D. Hintz, L. Hernández Castaño, I. M. Ferro, M. Zechmeister, H. W. Rix, C. Cardona Guillén, Gilles Bergond, S. Sadegi, W. Xu, G. Veredas, A. Ramón Ballesta, B. Arroyo-Torres, R. P. Hedrosa, Rafael Rebolo, J. A. Marín Molina, A. Sánchez-López, Norio Narita, F. J. Aceituno, Ovidio Rabaza, J. I. González Hernández, A. Garcia-Piquer, M. E. Moreno-Raya, Rafael Luque, Paula Sarkis, J. Stürmer, Trifon Trifonov, P. Redondo, E. Gonzalez-Alvarez, E. Rodriguez, Ralf Klein, L. Mancini, Diana Kossakowski, D. Benítez, J. F. López Salas, D. Galadí-Enríquez, Josep Colomé, C. J. Marvin, E. de Juan, Z. M. Berdinas, D. Maroto Fernández, Ansgar Reiners, Carlos Cifuentes, Walter Seifert, Pilar Montañés-Rodríguez, Ulrich Mall, V. M. Passegger, A. Kaminski, L. Gonzalez-Cuesta, Holger Mandel, Miguel Abril, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Landessternwarte Königstuhl, CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE), Institute for Astrophysics in Göttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg Karl Schwarzschild-Observatorium, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburg Observatory, Max Planck Society, Observatorio de Calar Alto, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Andalucía, German Research Foundation, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, European Research Council, CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Israel Science Foundation, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Subjects
Astrofísica, Brightness, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, individual: Teegarden’s Star [Stars], methods: data analysis, planetary systems, stars: late-type, stars: individual: Teegarden's Star, FOS: Physical sciences, Minimum mass, Stars: late-type, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Photometry (optics), Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Methods: data analysis, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, individual: Teegarden's Star [Stars], 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Stars: individual: Teegarden's Star, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Earth mass, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Planetary systems, Slow rotation, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, late-type [Stars], Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. Teegarden's Star is the brightest and one of the nearest ultra-cool dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. For its late spectral type (M7.0 V), the star shows relatively little activity and is a prime target for near-infrared radial velocity surveys such as CARMENES. Aims. As part of the CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, we obtained more than 200 radial-velocity measurements of Teegarden's Star and analysed them for planetary signals. Methods. We find periodic variability in the radial velocities of Teegarden's Star. We also studied photometric measurements to rule out stellar brightness variations mimicking planetary signals. Results. We find evidence for two planet candidates, each with 1.1 M minimum mass, orbiting at periods of 4.91 and 11.4 d, respectively. No evidence for planetary transits could be found in archival and follow-up photometry. Small photometric variability is suggestive of slow rotation and old age. Conclusions. The two planets are among the lowest-mass planets discovered so far, and they are the first Earth-mass planets around an ultra-cool dwarf for which the masses have been determined using radial velocities.© ESO 2019., M.Z. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under DFG RE 1664/12-1 and Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, project no. RE 1664/14-1. CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. Based on data from the CARMENES data archive at CAB (INTA-CSIC). This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos Sanchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. Data were partly collected with the 150-cm and 90-cm telescopes at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (SNO) operated by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA-CSIC). Data were partly obtained with the MONET/South telescope of the MOnitoring NEtwork of Telescopes, funded by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation, Essen, and operated by the Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, the McDonald Observatory of the University of Texas at Austin, and the South African Astronomical Observatory. We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projects AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, AYA2018-84089, BES-2017-080769, BES-2017-082610, ESP2015-65712-C5-5-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-1/2-R, ESP2017-87143-R, ESP2017-87676-2-2, ESP2017-87676-C5-1/2/5-R, FPU15/01476, RYC-2012-09913, the Centre of Excellence >Severo Ochoa> and >Maria de Maeztu> awards to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiologia (MDM-2017-0737), the Generalitat de Catalunya through CERCA programme>, the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt through grants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501, the European Research Council through grant 6 94 513, the Italian Ministero dell'instruzione, dell'universita de della ricerca and Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata through FFABR 2017 and >Mission: Sustainability 2016>, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council through grant ST/P000592/1, the Israel Science Foundation through grant 848/16, the Chilean CONICYT-FONDECYT through grant 31 80 405, the Mexican CONACYT through grant CVU 4 48 248, the JSPS KAKENHI through grants JP18H01265 and 18H05439, and the JST PRESTO through grant JPMJPR1775.

Published
2019

8. ELT-HIRES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT: results from the Phase A study

Author

Isabelle Boisse, Roberto Maiolino, M. Woche, V. C. Parro, J. I. González Hernández, P. Figueira, Marco Landoni, F. Sortino, J. R. De Medeiros, F. Tenegi, Matteo Genoni, S. Becerril, Tim Morris, Andrea Tozzi, Sheila Vilarindo de Sousa, François Bouchy, Sergio Ribeiro Augusto, I. de Castro Leão, C. Allende Prieto, Valentina D'Odorico, P. Di Marcantonio, Andrzej Niedzielski, N. C. Santos, Martin G. Haehnelt, Elena Mason, Johan P. U. Fynbo, Stefano Cristiani, Holger Drass, P. Parr-Burman, Carlos Martins, S. Rousseau, Francesco Pepe, Tzu-Chiang Shen, Jochen Liske, Thomas Marquart, Nicoletta Sanna, Stéphane Udry, Marco Riva, C. Lovis, Enric Palle, G. Cupani, I. Hughes, Igor Coretti, Eric Stempels, Philipp Huke, Phil Rees, Alexandre Cabral, Roberto Cirami, Klaus G. Strassmeier, Livia Origlia, Rafael Rebolo, M. Amate, B. Chazelas, Pedro J. Amado, I. Di Varano, Luca Valenziano, Alessandro Marconi, Michael Weber, A. Fragoso, Hans Kjeldsen, Ernesto Oliva, Marco Xompero, M. A. F. de Souza, Michella Grey Araújo Monteiro, L. Vanzi, D. Sosnowska, Andreas Korn, Naidu Bezawada, Nikolai Piskunov, Jose Luis Rasilla, Erik Zackrisson, Graham J. Murray, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and European Commission

Subjects
PHYSICS AND EVOLUTION OF STARS, STARS AND PLANETS FORMATION, COSMIC cancer database, FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS, business.industry, Computer science, Phase (waves), Astronomy, High resolution, Modular design, EXTREMELY LARGE TELESCOPES, EXOPLANETS, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, 010309 optics, COSMOLOGY, PHYSICS AND EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES, 0103 physical sciences, Fundamental physics, HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY, Spectral resolution, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph
Abstract

We present the results from the phase A study of ELT-HIRES, an optical-infrared High Resolution Spectrograph for ELT, which has just been completed by a consortium of 30 institutes from 12 countries forming a team of about 200 scientists and engineers. The top science cases of ELT-HIRES will be the detection of life signatures from exoplanet atmospheres, tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. However, the science requirements of these science cases enable many other groundbreaking science cases. The baseline design, which allows to fulfil the top science cases, consists in a modular fiber- fed cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph with two ultra-stable spectral arms providing a simultaneous spectral range of 0.4-1.8 ¿m at a spectral resolution of 100,000. The fiber-feeding allows ELT-HIRES to have several, interchangeable observing modes including a SCAO module and a small diffraction-limited IFU.© 2018 SPIE., The Italian contribution to this project is supported by a specific grant provided by INAF, the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics. The Portuguese team was supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) through the research grant through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 by grants UID/FIS/04434/2013 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672 and PTDC/FIS-AST/1526/2014 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016886. N.C.S. also acknowledges support from FCT through Investigador FCT contract IF/00169/2012/CP0150/CT0002. CAP, MA, AF, JIGH, JLR, RR, and FT acknowledge the Spanish ministry project MINECO AYA2014-56359-P. JIGH also acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the 2013 Ramon y Cajal program MINECO RYC-2013-14875.

Published
2018

9. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: High-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars

Author

S. Becerril, S. Reinhart, I. M. Ferro, Philipp Huke, E. Díez-Alonso, R. González-Peinado, M. Azzaro, Richard J. Mathar, Jose Antonio Pascual, A. Lamert, Javier López-Santiago, E. Mirabet, M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, Gilles Bergond, Ulrich Mall, D. Pérez Medialdea, Armin Huber, E. Herrero, E. Casal, S. V. Jeffers, Grzegorz Nowak, Sebastian Schafer, J. Helmling, S. Sadegi, H. Magán Madinabeitia, G. Veredas, M. Lampón, E. N. Johnson, W. Xu, Karl Wagner, M. L. García Vargas, David Barrado, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, Enric Palle, R. Oreiro, D. Baroch, B. Arroyo-Torres, Pedro J. Amado, C. Cifuentes, J. A. Marín Molina, D. Galadí-Enríquez, Stefan Dreizler, Cristina Rodríguez-López, Víctor J. S. Béjar, A. Rodríguez Trinidad, M. Lafarga, I. Hermelo, V. M. Passegger, H. W. Rix, H. Anwand-Heerwart, Juan Carlos Suárez, Florian Rodler, Martin Kürster, M. Kim, P. Schöfer, J. Klüter, M. Tala, R.-R. Rohloff, D. Benítez, Johana Panduro, Lisa Nortmann, Andreas Quirrenbach, Z. M. Berdiñas, J. Schiller, J. López-González, S. Czesla, P. Rhode, Adrian Kaminski, A. Pavlov, Holger Mandel, L. Hernández Castaño, J. I. Vico Linares, C. Feiz, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, L. F. Sarmiento, Susana Martín-Ruiz, Simon Tulloch, A. P. Hatzes, Jesús Aceituno, Eike W. Guenther, M. Pluto, Juan Carlos Morales, Manuel López-Puertas, M. Ammler-von Eiff, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, R. G. Ulbrich, Otmar Stahl, M. López del Fresno, Emilio Marfil, Reinhard Mundt, Lluis Gesa, Evangelos Nagel, Werner Laun, Josep Colomé, Francesc Vilardell, M. C. Cárdenas Vázquez, J. F. López Salas, Jose A. Caballero, M. Blümcke, A. Ramón, Aviv Ofir, E. de Guindos, Ana Pérez-Calpena, S. Pedraz, Ralf Launhardt, Rainer Lenzen, A. Claret, Sabine Reffert, U. Lemke, Luigi Mancini, J. B. P. Strachan, F. J. Alonso-Floriano, M. A. C. Perryman, Fei Yan, Mathias Zechmeister, Ernesto Sánchez-Blanco, Vianak Naranjo, A. Klutsch, Lev Tal-Or, M. Fernandez, J. Guàrdia, F. Hernández Hernando, Ulrich Grözinger, Walter Seifert, V. Gómez Galera, Luisa Lara, R. P. Hedrosa, Rafael Rebolo, A. Guijarro, E. de Juan, A. Sánchez-López, Rafael Luque, M. Brinkmöller, Paula Sarkis, J. Stürmer, Ovidio Rabaza, J. I. González Hernández, C. del Burgo, A. Rosich, Andreas Schweitzer, D. Montes, Miguel Abril, M. E. Moreno-Raya, H. J. Hagen, S. Grohnert, Birgit Fuhrmeister, P. Redondo, F. F. Bauer, E. Rodriguez, Ralf Klein, R. Antona, A. Garcia-Piquer, J. Cano, Trifon Trifonov, A. Moya, Ansgar Reiners, Jorge Sanz-Forcada, Peter H. Hauschildt, E. Solano, J. Winkler, Manuel Perger, R. Hernández Arabí, Ignasi Ribas, C. J. Marvin, Th. Henning, V. Wolthoff, D. Maroto Fernández, Juan Gutiérrez-Soto, M. Cortés-Contreras, Eduardo L. Martín, Hugo M. Tabernero, Max Planck Society, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministry of Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg, German Research Foundation, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, European Research Council, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, and Astrofísica Estelar (AE)

Subjects
Astrofísica, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Stars: late-type, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Stellar classification, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Planet, law, low-mass [Stars], 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Stars: low-mass, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Astronomía y Astrofísica, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Stars: rotation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atlases, Catalogues, Exoplanet, Infrared: stars, Radial velocity, Astronomía, rotation [Stars], Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, late-type [Stars], stars [Infrared], Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Catalogs, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The CARMENES radial velocity (RV) survey is observing 324 M dwarfs to search for any orbiting planets. In this paper, we present the survey sample by publishing one CARMENES spectrum for each M dwarf. These spectra cover the wavelength range 520¿1710 nm at a resolution of at least R >80 000, and we measure its RV, H¿ emission, and projected rotation velocity. We present an atlas of high-resolution M-dwarf spectra and compare the spectra to atmospheric models. To quantify the RV precision that can be achieved in low-mass stars over the CARMENES wavelength range, we analyze our empirical information on the RV precision from more than 6500 observations. We compare our high-resolution M-dwarf spectra to atmospheric models where we determine the spectroscopic RV information content, Q, and signal-to-noise ratio. We find that for all M-type dwarfs, the highest RV precision can be reached in the wavelength range 700¿900 nm. Observations at longer wavelengths are equally precise only at the very latest spectral types (M8 and M9). We demonstrate that in this spectroscopic range, the large amount of absorption features compensates for the intrinsic faintness of an M7 star. To reach an RV precision of 1 m s¿1 in very low mass M dwarfs at longer wavelengths likely requires the use of a 10 m class telescope. For spectral types M6 and earlier, the combination of a red visual and a near-infrared spectrograph is ideal to search for low-mass planets and to distinguish between planets and stellar variability. At a 4 m class telescope, an instrument like CARMENES has the potential to push the RV precision well below the typical jitter level of 3-4 m s-1. © ESO 2018., We thank an anonymous referee for prompt attention and helpful comments that helped to improve the quality of this paper. CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Insitut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. This work has made use of the VALD database, operated at Uppsala University, the Institute of Astronomy RAS in Moscow, and the University of Vienna. We acknowledge the following funding programs: European Research Council (ERC-279347), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (RE 1664/12-1, RE 2694/4-1), Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF-05A14MG3, BMBF-05A17MG3), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, grants AYA2015-68012-C2-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1,2,3-P, AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2014-54348-C03-01, AYA2014-56359-P, AYA2014-54348-C3-2R, AYA2016-79425-C3-3-P and 2013 Ramon y Cajal program RYC-2013-14875), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, grant ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, ESP2015-65712-C5-5-R), Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme, Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, programa de Formacion de Profesorado Universitario (grant FPU15/01476), Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (grants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501), Office of Naval Research Global (award no. N62909-15-1-2011), Mexican CONACyT grant CB-2012-183007.

Published
2018

10. CARMENES: high-resolution spectra and precise radial velocities in the red and infrared

Author

R. Gonzalez Peinado, Ralf Launhardt, Lluis Gesa, C. del Burgo, F. F. Bauer, M. Doellinger, R. P. Hedrosa, J. Carro, Jose A. Caballero, Z. M. Berdiñas, D. Montes, Ulrich Mall, M. Blümcke, M. Kehr, S. Schäfer, D. Pérez-Medialdea, M. Salz, Mercedes López-Morales, E. N. Johnson, V. Wolthoff, A. Rosich, Mathias Zechmeister, P. Redondo, E. Mirabet, E. Díez-Alonso, Johana Panduro, L. Hernández Castaño, P. Rhode, I. Hermelo, David Barrado, Enric Palle, Walter Seifert, Manuel Perger, Javier López-Santiago, D. Benítez, E. Herrero, S. Sabotta, Víctor J. S. Béjar, M. L. García-Vargas, S. Becerril, M. J. López González, Rainer Lenzen, Luigi Mancini, M. Lafarga, A. Kaminski, P. Schöfer, M. E. Moreno-Raya, R.-R. Rohloff, H. W. Rix, C. J. Marvin, Ignasi Ribas, R. Garrido, J. A. Marín Molina, D. Hermann, Emilio Marfil, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, M. Pluto, M. Cortés-Contreras, Reinhard Mundt, M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, L. González-Cuesta, Th. Henning, J. Klüter, M. Tala Pinto, D. Galadí-Enríquez, P. Huke, J. Pascual, M. López del Fresno, Grzegorz Nowak, Trifon Trifonov, M. Llamas, P. H. Hauschildt, G. Veredas, N. Lodieu, E. de Juan, J. B. P. Strachan, S. Sadegi, W. Xu, O. Herbort, E. de Guindos, J. Sanz-Forcada, M. Lampón, Michael Perryman, K. F. Huber, Josep Colomé, Denis Shulyak, M. Kim, J. Aceituno, Lisa Nortmann, Andreas Quirrenbach, Juan Carlos Suárez, C. Cardona Guillén, Ana Pérez-Calpena, A. Claret, Martin Kürster, Werner Laun, J. Cano, Lev Tal-Or, A. Garcia-Piquer, F. J. Alonso-Floriano, B. Arroyo-Torres, A. Klutsch, Hubert Klahr, H. Martínez-Rodríguez, Ulrich Grözinger, O. Stahl, S. Pedraz, S. Martin-Ruiz, M. Azzaro, J. L. Lizon, C. Feiz, Manuel López-Puertas, M. Ammler-von Eiff, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, Rafael Luque, I. Gallardo, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, L. Sairam, J. F. López Salas, H. Mandel, A. Ramón, D. Hidalgo, N. Labiche, J. Guàrdia, F. Hernández Hernando, U. Lemke, Francesc Vilardell, E. González-Álvarez, J. Stürmer, Hugo M. Tabernero, G. Bergondy, R. Hernández Arabí, Vianak Naranjo, J. Winkler, Armin Huber, Fei Yan, B. Fuhrmeister, Rafael Rebolo, Simon Tulloch, Ansgar Reiners, F. J. Lázaro, A. P. Hatzes, H. Magán Madinabeitia, Paula Sarkis, J. Helmling, Z. Zhao, Sabine Reffert, E. Casal, A. Sánchez-López, M. C. Gálvez-Ortiz, J. I. González Hernández, D. Hintz, D. Baroch, A. Lamert, E. L. Martín, A. Schweitzer, Evangelos Nagel, V. Gómez Galera, M. Fernández, A. Guijarro, C. Cifuentes, E. Sánchez-Blanco, R. G. Ulbrich, Carlo Schmidt, F. Labarga, Pedro J. Amado, V. M. Passegger, F. J. Abellán, S. Grohnert, F. Rodler, Ricardo Dorda, Clemens Storz, G. Gaisné, K. Frölich, A. Moya, Juan Carlos Morales, E. W. Guenther, E. Rodriguez, H. J. Hagen, Ralf Klein, D. Maroto Fernández, I. M. Ferro, Karl Wagner, L. M. Lara, S. Dreizler, S. Czesla, M. Brinkmöller, M. C. Cardenas, Enrique Solano, M. Vidal-Dasilva, C. Rodríguez López, M. Abril, G. Holgado, J. Schiller, L. F. Sarmiento, A. Pavlov, H. Anwand-Heerwart, S. V. Jeffers, S. Reinhart, J. L. Vico Linares, and Richard J. Mathar

Subjects
Astrofísica, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Planet, Spectrographs, Cool Stars, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Transit (astronomy), M Dwarfs, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Optical Instrumentation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Extrasolar Planets, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Stars, 13. Climate action, Terrestrial planet, Spectral atlas, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Circumstellar habitable zone, Near-Infrared Instrumentation
Abstract

The design and construction of CARMENES has been presented at previous SPIE conferences. It is a next-generation radial-velocity instrument at the 3.5m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory, which was built by a consortium of eleven Spanish and German institutions. CARMENES consists of two separate échelle spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.52 to 1.71¿m at a spec-tral resolution of R < 80,000, fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. CARMENES saw ¿First Light¿ on Nov 9, 2015. During the commissioning and initial operation phases, we established basic performance data such as throughput and spectral resolution. We found that our hollow-cathode lamps are suitable for precise wavelength calibration, but their spectra contain a number of lines of neon or argon that are so bright that the lamps cannot be used in simultaneous exposures with stars. We have therefore adopted a calibration procedure that uses simultaneous star / Fabry Pérot etalon exposures in combination with a cross-calibration between the etalons and hollow-cathode lamps during daytime. With this strategy it has been possible to achieve 1-2 m/s precision in the visible and 5-10 m/s precision in the near-IR; further improvements are expected from ongoing work on temperature control, calibration procedures and data reduction. Comparing the RV precision achieved in different wavelength bands, we find a ¿sweet spot¿ between 0.7 and 0.8¿m, where deep TiO bands provide rich RV information in mid-M dwarfs. This is in contrast to our pre-survey models, which predicted comparatively better performance in the near-IR around 1¿m, and explains in part why our near-IR RVs do not reach the same precision level as those taken with the visible spectrograph. We are now conducting a large survey of 340 nearby M dwarfs (with an average distance of only 12pc), with the goal of finding terrestrial planets in their habitable zones. We have detected the signatures of several previously known or suspected planets and also discovered several new planets. We find that the radial velocity periodograms of many M dwarfs show several significant peaks. The development of robust methods to distinguish planet signatures from activity-induced radial velocity jitter is therefore among our priorities. Due to its large wavelength coverage, the CARMENES survey is generating a unique data set for studies of M star atmospheres, rotation, and activity. The spectra cover important diagnostic lines for activity (H alpha, Na I D1 and D2, and the Ca II infrared triplet), as well as FeH lines, from which the magnetic field can be inferred. Correlating the time series of these features with each other, and with wavelength-dependent radial velocities, provides excellent handles for the discrimination between planetary companions and stellar radial velocity jitter. These data are also generating new insight into the physical properties of M dwarf atmospheres, and the impact of activity and flares on the habitability of M star planets. © 2018 SPIE., CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Insitut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Science, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Program and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars", the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia.

Published
2018

11. CARMENES: an overview six months after first light

Author

E. de Juan, Ignasi Ribas, R.-R. Rohloff, D. Benítez, A. Lamert, Th. Henning, P. Rhode, Karl Wagner, Josep Colomé, Sebastian Schafer, M. Cortés-Contreras, R. G. Ulbrich, F. J. Alonso-Floriano, R. Gonzalez Peinado, Simon Tulloch, H. Anwand-Heerwart, Juan Carlos Suárez, Florian Rodler, M. C. Gálvez-Ortiz, Hugo M. Tabernero, A. P. Hatzes, Jesús Aceituno, Birgit Fuhrmeister, Clemens Storz, R. Morales Muñoz, Ana Pérez-Calpena, J. Schiller, M. Llamas, Evangelos Nagel, Mercedes Lopez-Morales, Sabine Reffert, A. Garcia-Piquer, F. F. Bauer, E. Rodriguez, Ulrich Mall, Eike W. Guenther, Holger Mandel, A. Claret, Ralf Klein, Ralf Launhardt, A. Quirrenbach, P. Schöfer, David Barrado, Javier López-Santiago, E. Mirabet, Jorge Sanz-Forcada, Enric Palle, U. Lemke, V. M. Passegger, Stefan Dreizler, Víctor J. S. Béjar, J. Stürmer, C. Rodríguez López, Werner Laun, Grzegorz Nowak, M. Lafarga, Peter H. Hauschildt, E. Solano, J. Winkler, K. F. Huber, Rafael Rebolo, M. Kehr, M. C. Cardenas, D. Galadí, J. F. López Salas, A. Ramón, Manuel Perger, R. Hernández Arabí, E. de Guindos, J. Klüter, M. Tala, A. Rosich, Armin Huber, Paula Sarkis, Miguel Abril, S. Pedraz, V. Gómez Galera, Susana Martín-Ruiz, C. Feiz, C. del Burgo, M. Doellinger, Adrian Kaminski, M. L. García-Vargas, P. Redondo, M. Pluto, D. Montes, Ansgar Reiners, S. Becerril, C. J. Marvin, C. Schmidt, Mathias Zechmeister, Philipp Huke, J. I. González Hernández, I. M. Ferro, D. Maroto Fernández, Walter Seifert, H. W. Rix, Martin Kürster, M. Azzaro, Trifon Trifonov, I. Gallardo, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, Z. M. Berdiñas, M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, A. Pavlov, Sandra V. Jeffers, M. Brinkmöller, J. Helmling, L. F. Sarmiento, W. Xu, Andreas Schweitzer, A. Klutsch, Ulrich Grözinger, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, R. Garrido, H. J. Hagen, H. Magán Madinabeitia, S. Reinhart, L. M. Lara, Richard J. Mathar, Pedro J. Amado, Juan Carlos Morales, Lev Tal-Or, M. Fernandez, J. Guàrdia, F. Hernández Hernando, Johana Panduro, D. Hermann, Otmar Stahl, Luigi Mancini, E. L. Martin, L. Hernández Castaño, Denis Shulyak, M. A. C. Perryman, J. B. P. Strachan, J. L. Lizon, Manuel López-Puertas, M. Ammler-von Eiff, S. Czesla, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, Ernesto Sánchez-Blanco, J. I. Vico Linares, Lluis Gesa, Vianak Naranjo, Jose A. Caballero, M. López del Fresno, Reinhard Mundt, Francesc Vilardell, Aviv Ofir, D. Pérez-Medialdea, E. Herrero, E. Casal, G. Veredas, J. A. Marín Molina, M. Kim, Rainer Lenzen, and Enrique Pérez

Subjects
Astrofísica, Physics, Instrument control, Astronomy, First light, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, law.invention, Astronomía, 010309 optics, Telescope, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Interlock, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph, Data reduction, Remote sensing
Abstract

The CARMENES instrument is a pair of high-resolution (R greater than or similar to 80, 000) spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.52 to 1.71 mu m, optimized for precise radial velocity measurements. It was installed and commissioned at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto observatory in Southern Spain in 2015. The first large science program of CARMENES is a survey of similar to 300 M dwarfs, which started on Jan 1, 2016. We present an overview of all subsystems of CARMENES (front end, fiber system, visible-light spectrograph, near-infrared spectrograph, calibration units, etalons, facility control, interlock system, instrument control system, data reduction pipeline, data flow, and archive), and give an overview of the assembly, integration, verification, and commissioning phases of the project. We show initial results and discuss further plans for the scientific use of CARMENES.

Published
2016

12. Fibre assignment in next-generation wide-field spectrographs

Author

Francisco Prada, I. Morales, Antonio D. Montero-Dorta, S. Becerril, Justo Sanchez, and M. Azzaro

Subjects
Baryon, Physics, Cardinal point, Space and Planetary Science, Oscillation, Process (computing), Collision problem, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Algorithm, Rotation (mathematics), Galaxy, Field (computer science)
Abstract

We present an optimized algorithm for assigning fibres to targets in next-generation fibre-fed multi-object spectrographs. The method, which we have called the draining algorithm, ensures that the maximum number of targets in a given target field is observed in the first few tiles. Using randomly distributed targets and mock galaxy catalogues, we have estimated that the gain provided by the draining algorithm, compared to a random assignment, can be as much as 2 per cent for the first tiles. For a survey such as the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BigBOSS), this would imply saving for observation several hundred thousand objects or, alternatively, reducing the covered area in ∼350 deg2. An important advantage of this method is that the fibre collision problem can be solved easily and in an optimal way. We also discuss the additional optimizations of the fibre-positioning process. In particular, we show that if we allow for the rotation of the focal plane, we can improve the efficiency of the process by ∼3.5–4.5 per cent, even if only small adjustments are permitted (up to 2°). For instruments that allow large rotations of the focal plane, the expected gain increases to ∼5–6 per cent. Therefore, these results strongly support the use of focal plane rotation in future spectrographs, as far as the efficiency of the fibre-positioning process is concerned. Finally, we discuss the implications of our optimizations and provide some basic hints for an optimal survey strategy, based on the number of targets per positioner.

Published
2011

13. Performance and technical commissioning of an ultra-stable cooling system for a mid-range cryogenic astrophysical instrument (CARMENES-NIR)

Author

R Calvo, J. Herranz, Daniela Pérez, Walter Seifert, E. Mirabet, Ignasi Ribas, R. Morales, J. L. Lizon, Miguel Abril, M. A. Sánchez-Carrasco, A. Ramón, S. Becerril, Pedro J. Amado, I. M. Ferro, C. Cárdenas, Ansgar Reiners, Jose A. Caballero, and A. Quirrenbach

Subjects
010309 optics, Materials science, business.industry, 0103 physical sciences, Water cooling, 02 engineering and technology, Aerospace engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, business, 01 natural sciences
Published
2017

14. An extremely high stability cooling system for planet hunter

Author

S. Becerril, E. Mirabet, and J L Lizon a l’Allemand

Subjects
010309 optics, Materials science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Water cooling, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), Astrobiology
Published
2017

15. CARMENES Instrument Overview

Author

Mercedes Lopez-Morales, F. F. Bauer, Javier López-Santiago, Johana Panduro, E. Mirabet, M. Fernandez, J. Guàrdia, Ana Pérez-Calpena, H. Martínez-Rodríguez, Pedro J. Amado, P. Rhode, M. Kehr, Ansgar Reiners, Mauro López del Fresno, K. F. Huber, E. de Juan, Otmar Stahl, R. G. Ulbrich, David Barrado, M. A. C. Perryman, Enric Palle, Cristina Rodríguez-López, Víctor J. S. Béjar, J. Stürmer, R.-R. Rohloff, D. Benítez, A. Garcia-Piquer, J. Helmling, R. Antona Jiménez, E. Rodríguez-Pérez, B. López Martí, Clemens Storz, Josep Colomé, G. Holgado, D. Galadí, C. Feiz, Sebastian Schafer, W. Xu, R. Morales Muñoz, Ulrich Mall, Werner Laun, A. Ramón, E. de Guindos, R. Garrido, Simon Tulloch, F. J. Alonso-Floriano, A. P. Hatzes, Jesús Aceituno, J. I. González Hernández, S. Dreizler, C. Schmidt, V. Gómez Galera, C. J. Marvin, A. Rosich, A. Claret, Juan Carlos Morales, Mathias Zechmeister, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, Juan Carlos Suárez, S. Reinhardt, Walter Seifert, Rainer Lenzen, C. del Burgo, M. Doellinger, Miguel Abril, Florian Rodler, H. W. Rix, D. Montes, V. M. Passegger, Eike W. Guenther, M. C. Gálvez-Ortiz, Ernesto Sánchez-Blanco, P. Redondo, M. L. García-Vargas, S. Becerril, Holger Mandel, E. González Álvarez, A. Moya, H. Anwand-Heerwart, Vianak Naranjo, Martin Kürster, A. Quirrenbach, Susana Martín-Ruiz, J. Schiller, D. Hidalgo, M. Pluto, D. Hermann, A. Klutsch, D. Pérez Medialdea, Rafael Rebolo, Armin Huber, J. L. Lizon, M. Ammler-von Eiff, E. Rodriguez, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, M. Azzaro, A. Lamert, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, Ralf Klein, Aviv Ofir, Karl Wagner, H. J. Hagen, Eduardo L. Martín, Z. M. Berdiñas, Sandra V. Jeffers, R. Oreiro, L. F. Sarmiento, M. C. Cárdenas, U. Lemke, Ulrich Grözinger, Sabine Reffert, Richard J. Mathar, Jorge Sanz-Forcada, Peter H. Hauschildt, E. Solano, J. Winkler, Manuel Perger, Ignasi Ribas, Th. Henning, S. Lalitha, Juan Gutiérrez-Soto, M. Cortés-Contreras, Lluis Gesa, Jose A. Caballero, L. Hernández Castaño, F. J. Abellán de Paco, E. Herrero, G. Veredas, E. Casal, Viki Joergens, Reinhard Mundt, and S. Czesla

Subjects
Physics, Astrofísica, business.industry, Cassegrain reflector, Dichroic glass, Stellar classification, Exoplanet, law.invention, Telescope, Astronomía, Optics, Observatory, law, Spectral resolution, business, Spectrograph
Abstract

This paper gives an overview of the CARMENES instrument and of the survey that will be carried out with it during the first years of operation. CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) is a next-generation radial-velocity instrument under construction for the 3.5m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory by a consortium of eleven Spanish and German institutions. The scientific goal of the project is conducting a 600-night exoplanet survey targeting ∽ 300 M dwarfs with the completed instrument. The CARMENES instrument consists of two separate echelle spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.55 to 1.7 μm at a spectral resolution of R = 82,000, fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. The spectrographs are housed in vacuum tanks providing the temperature-stabilized environments necessary to enable a 1 m/s radial velocity precision employing a simultaneous calibration with an emission-line lamp or with a Fabry-Perot etalon. For mid-M to late-M spectral types, the wavelength range around 1.0 μm (γ band) is the most important wavelength region for radial velocity work. Therefore, the efficiency of CARMENES has been optimized in this range. The CARMENES instrument consists of two spectrographs, one equipped with a 4k x 4k pixel CCD for the range 0.55 -1.05 μm, and one with two 2k x 2k pixel HgCdTe detectors for the range from 0.95 -1.7 μm. Each spectrograph will be coupled to the 3.5m telescope with two optical fibers, one for the target, and one for calibration light. The front end contains a dichroic beam splitter and an atmospheric dispersion corrector, to feed the light into the fibers leading to the spectrographs. Guiding is performed with a separate camera; on-axis as well as off-axis guiding modes are implemented. Fibers with octagonal cross-section are employed to ensure good stability of the output in the presence of residual guiding errors. The fibers are continually actuated to reduce modal noise. The spectrographs are mounted on benches inside vacuum tanks located in the coude laboratory of the 3.5m dome. Each vacuum tank is equipped with a temperature stabilization system capable of keeping the temperature constant to within ±0.01ºC over 24 hours. The visible-light spectrograph will be operated near room temperature, while the near-IR spectrograph will be cooled to ∽ 140 K. The CARMENES instrument passed its final design review in February 2013. The MAIV phase is currently ongoing. First tests at the telescope are scheduled for early 2015. Completion of the full instrument is planned for the fall of 2015. At least 600 useable nights have been allocated at the Calar Alto 3.5m Telescope for the CARMENES survey in the time frame until 2018. A data base of M stars (dubbed CARMENCITA) has been compiled from which the CARMENES sample can be selected. CARMENCITA contains information on all relevant properties of the potential targets. Dedicated imaging, photometric, and spectroscopic observations are underway to provide crucial data on these stars that are not available in the literature.

Published
2014

16. The BigBOSS Experiment

Author

Timothy M. Heckman, D. H. Weinberg, Saul Perlmutter, Jeffrey A. Newman, S. LeBohec, Peter Nugent, Brice Ménard, D. Eppelle, Jason X. Prochaska, S. R. Majewski, X. Yang., Michael Schubnell, C. Schimd, David Kieda, H. Heetderks, Javier Sánchez, Ch Yèche, M. Azzaro, M. E. Levi, P. Jelinsky, Chong H. Ahn, Nick Mostek, P. Doel, U. Seljak, Alex G. Kim, Antonio D. Montero-Dorta, M. L. Lampton, C. Tao, Natalie A. Roe, Celine Peroux, H. T. Diehl, Sheila G. Bailey, Benjamin C. Bromley, C. Magneville, G. Rudnick, Dragan Huterer, C. Frenk, R. Mccloskey, O. Lahav, Anne Ealet, C. Allende Prieto, N. Palanque-Delabrouille, David J. Schlegel, R. N. Cahn, Anze Slosar, Marla Geha, J. Annis, H. Lim, Thomas Matheson, D. W. Gerdes, S. Becerril, Will J. Percival, I. Morales, Jordi Miralda-Escudé, J. Tinker, M. Liang, Kevin Reil, Alexander S. Szalay, F. B. Abdalla, M. Wood-Vasey, Marina Cortês, M. R. Blanton, C. Li, P. H. Carton, Nadia L. Zakamska, J. Yang, F. Valdes, W. Springer, Éric Aubourg, W. Lin, A. de la Macorra, N. Ross, Arthur Kosowsky, Steve Kent, Inese I. Ivans, C. Baltay, August E. Evrard, I. Park, Pengjie Zhang, Maryam Modjaz, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Mark Dickinson, Dick Joyce, Bruce Grossan, Michael Sholl, Francisco Prada, V. Le Brun, Chris Bebek, O. Ilbert, D. Sawyer, Kyle Dawson, D. S. Smith, John A. Peacock, Martin White, C. Marinoni, Emmanuel Rollinde, Andrew R. Zentner, R. Scoccimaro, L. Faccioli, Vicent J. Martínez, Jeff McMahon, K. Honscheid, K. A. G. Olsen, P. Petitjean, George F. Smoot, Patrick McDonald, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Roger F. Malina, Y. Jing, G. Tarle, Y. Chu, B. A. Weaver, Stephanie Escoffier, Eric Prieto, Hee-Jong Seo, Arjun Dey, Jerry Edelstein, Erin Sheldon, Antonio González-Arroyo, Adam S. Bolton, C. M. Rockosi, A. Roodman, Carlton M. Baugh, Tinggui Wang, J. P. Kneib, R. Nichol, C. Zhai, K. Krishnan, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, Eric V. Linder, A. Stril, P. Gondolo, Timothy A. McKay, Jorge L. Cervantes-Cota, R. Shulte-Ladbeck, J. Wang, Tony Abraham, A. Tilquin, C. Kim, Shirley Ho, Xu Kong, R. D. Kennedy, E. N. Taylor, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 (CPT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cristofol, Danielle, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dark matter, Astronomy, Quasar, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Redshift survey, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Redshift, Galaxy, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Redshift-space distortions, [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Dark energy, Baryon acoustic oscillations, [PHYS.ASTR.IM] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

This report is based on the BigBOSS proposal submission to NOAO in October 2010, and reflects the project status at that time with minor updates; BigBOSS is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment to study baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and the growth of structure with a wide-area galaxy and quasar redshift survey over 14,000 square degrees. It has been conditionally accepted by NOAO in response to a call for major new instrumentation and a high-impact science program for the 4-m Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak. The BigBOSS instrument is a robotically-actuated, fiber-fed spectrograph capable of taking 5000 simultaneous spectra over a wavelength range from 340 nm to 1060 nm, with a resolution R = 3000-4800. Using data from imaging surveys that are already underway, spectroscopic targets are selected that trace the underlying dark matter distribution. In particular, targets include luminous red galaxies (LRGs) up to z = 1.0, extending the BOSS LRG survey in both redshift and survey area. To probe the universe out to even higher redshift, BigBOSS will target bright [OII] emission line galaxies (ELGs) up to z = 1.7. In total, 20 million galaxy redshifts are obtained to measure the BAO feature, trace the matter power spectrum at smaller scales, and detect redshift space distortions. BigBOSS will provide additional constraints on early dark energy and on the curvature of the universe by measuring the Ly-alpha forest in the spectra of over 600,000 2.2 < z < 3.5 quasars. BigBOSS galaxy BAO measurements combined with an analysis of the broadband power, including the Ly-alpha forest in BigBOSS quasar spectra, achieves a FOM of 395 with Planck plus Stage III priors. This FOM is based on conservative assumptions for the analysis of broad band power (kmax = 0.15), and could grow to over 600 if current work allows us to push the analysis to higher wave numbers (kmax = 0.3). BigBOSS will also place constraints on theories of modified gravity and inflation, and will measure the sum of neutrino masses to 0.024 eV accuracy.

Published
2011

17. CARMENES: Calar Alto high-resolution search for M dwarfs with exo-earths with a near-infrared Echelle spectrograph

Author

J. Helmling, F. Rodler, A. Rodríguez Trinidad, R. Garrido, G. Wiedemann, Stefan Dreizler, Víctor J. S. Béjar, Karl Wagner, F. Gutiérrez-Soto, Ignasi Ribas, E. Herrero, S. Becerril, E. Rodriguez, Andrés Moya, Cristina Afonso, Th. Henning, A. Böhm, W. Xu, Walter Seifert, Miguel Abril, Johny Setiawan, Rainer Lenzen, Ernesto Sánchez-Blanco, Eric Martin, Jacob L. Bean, Ovidio Rabaza, M. C. Cárdenas, Vianak Naranjo, Reinhard Mundt, Enrique Solano, E. Mirabet, J. I. González Hernández, M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, Clemens Storz, D. Barrado y Navascués, A. Claret, R. Morales Muñoz, R.-R. Rohloff, C. Schmidt, Ansgar Reiners, Martin Kürster, Josep Colomé, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, M. Fernandez, J. Guàrdia, Sabine Reffert, C. del Burgo, Holger Mandel, D. Galadí, Juan Carlos Suárez, Pedro J. Amado, X. Francisco, U. Thiele, A. Quirrenbach, Juan Carlos Morales, Otmar Stahl, Eike W. Guenther, Werner Laun, A. Ramón, Ulrich Mall, L. P. Costillo, D. Montes, Susana Martín-Ruiz, Rafael Rebolo, A. P. Hatzes, Jesús Aceituno, Jose A. Caballero, and Viki Joergens

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cassegrain reflector, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Radial velocity, Stars, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Spectral resolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) is a next-generation instrument to be built for the 3.5m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory by a consortium of Spanish and German institutions. Conducting a five-year exoplanet survey targeting ~ 300 M stars with the completed instrument is an integral part of the project. The CARMENES instrument consists of two separate spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.52 to 1.7 μm at a spectral resolution of R = 85, 000, fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. The spectrographs are housed in a temperature-stabilized environment in vacuum tanks, to enable a 1m/s radial velocity precision employing a simultaneous ThAr calibration.

Published
2010

18. A fiber positioner robot for the Gran Telescopio Canarias

Author

Francisco Prada, M. A. Carrera, Cristian Vilar, M. Azzaro, Xabier Arrillaga, Javier Sánchez, S. Becerril, and I. Morales

Subjects
Gran Telescopio Canarias, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), business.industry, Fiber (mathematics), Computer science, FOS: Physical sciences, Control reconfiguration, Field (computer science), Robot, Fiber, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Actuator, Pendant group, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Computer hardware, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Fiber-fed spectrographs dedicated to observing massive portions of the sky are increasingly being more demanded within the astronomical community. For all the fiber-fed instruments, the primordial and common problem is the positioning of the fiber ends, which must match the position of the objects of a target field on the sky. Amongst the different approaches found in the state of the art, actuator arrays are one of the best. Indeed, an actuator array is able to position all the fiber heads simultaneously, thus making the reconfiguration time extremely short and the instrument efficiency high. The SIDE group (see http://side.iaa.es) at the Instituto de Astrof\'isica de Andaluc\'ia, together with the industrial company AVS and the University of Barcelona, has been developing an actuator suitable for a large and scalable array. A real-scale prototype has been built and tested in order to validate its innovative design concept, as well as to verify the fulfillment of the mechanical requirements. The present article describes both the concept design and the test procedures and conditions. The main results are shown and a full justification of the validity of the proposed concept is provided.

Published
2010

19. A giant exoplanet orbiting a very-low-mass star challenges planet formation models

Author

Jesus M. Carro, A. Guijarro, F. Hernández Otero, Javier López-Santiago, E. Mirabet, Eduardo L. Martín, Hugo M. Tabernero, H. Martínez-Rodríguez, Antonio Claret, Martin Kürster, Florian Rodler, Birgit Fuhrmeister, M. Llamas, Z. M. Berdiñas, Thomas Henning, A. Rosich, Otmar Stahl, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, Luigi Mancini, E. W. Guenther, P. Huke, L. González-Cuesta, Ralf Launhardt, F. F. Bauer, Ignasi Ribas, D. Baroch, E. N. Johnson, M. Lafarga, Grzegorz Nowak, Priyanka Chaturvedi, M. Ammler-von Eiff, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, V. Wolthoff, E. Rodriguez, L. F. Sarmiento, E. Sánchez-Blanco, Luisa Lara, C. del Burgo, M. López del Fresno, Artie P. Hatzes, S. Lalitha, M. Kehr, Simon Tulloch, F. J. Lázaro, D. Montes, J. Klüter, Melvyn B. Davies, F. J. Aceituno, S. Martin-Ruiz, R. González-Peinado, Juan Luis Cano, Francesc Vilardell, Aviv Ofir, F. J. Abellán, J. Colomé, C. Cardona Guillén, Mathias Zechmeister, Urs Mall, D. Hintz, Richard P. Nelson, I. M. Ferro, V. M. Passegger, M. Cortés-Contreras, P. Martín-Fernández, M. Brinkmöller, Evangelos Nagel, Michael Perryman, Ovidio Rabaza, Jose Antonio Pascual, A. Kaminski, M. Perger, Gilles Bergond, D. Pérez Medialdea, Remo Burn, J. I. González Hernández, B. Arroyo-Torres, Rafael Luque, Martin Schlecker, Armin Huber, A. Fernández-Martín, M. J. López-González, S. Sabotta, G. Veredas, A. Ramón Ballesta, E. González-Álvarez, Fei Yan, Holger Mandel, J. Kemmer, J. I. Vico-Linares, S. Becerril-Jarque, Jorge Sanz-Forcada, Paula Sarkis, R. P. Hedrosa, Rafael Rebolo, J. Stürmer, A. Sánchez-López, Trifon Trifonov, F. Labarga, Jürgen H. M. M. Schmitt, Núria Casasayas-Barris, Alexandre Emsenhuber, Sebastian Schafer, J. A. Marín Molina, Alexander J. Mustill, Anders Johansen, H. Magán Madinabeitia, Hubert Klahr, F. J. Alonso-Floriano, S. V. Jeffers, I. Gallardo Cava, E. de Juan, Andreas Schweitzer, Peter H. Hauschildt, Ricardo Dorda, P. Redondo, M. Azzaro, M. Salz, M. Abril, Juan Carlos Suárez, Hans-Walter Rix, Carlos Cifuentes, Walter Seifert, M. L. García Vargas, Pedro J. Amado, J. Winkler, R. Hernández Arabí, S. Sadegi, I. Hermelo, A. Rodríguez Trinidad, G. Holgado, Karl Wagner, Vianak Naranjo, S. Czesla, M. Kim, D. Benítez, Sabine Reffert, A. Pavlov, Lluis Gesa, Nicolas Lodieu, Lisa Nortmann, D. Galadí-Enríquez, A. Moya, Andreas Quirrenbach, Jose A. Caballero, J. Aceituno, Enrique Herrero, Juan Carlos Morales, E. Casal, Emilio Marfil, Enrique Solano, Diana Kossakowski, E. Díez-Alonso, J.-L. Lizon, J. F. López Salas, M. Lampón, M. C. Cárdenas, P. Schöfer, Ansgar Reiners, R. Calvo-Ortega, T. Stuber, R. Antona, A. Garcia-Piquer, Lev Tal-Or, N. Labiche, Alfredo Sota, Ana Pérez-Calpena, David Barrado, Enric Palle, Stefan Dreizler, Cristina Rodríguez-López, Víctor J. S. Béjar, S. Stock, M. Fernandez, Chris Mordasini, E. de Guindos, S. Pedraz, H.-J. Hagen, Jaime Guardia, A. Klutsch, M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, Christopher Marvin, V. Casanova, Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, INSTITUTO DE ASTROFISICA DE ANDALUCIA (IAA), SEV-2017-0709, Morales, J. C. [0000-0003-0061-518X], Mustill, A. J. [0000-0002-2086-3642], Ribas, I. [0000-0002-6689-0312], Davies, M. B. [0000-0001-6080-1190], Bauer, F. F. [0000-0003-1212-5225], Herrrero, E. [0000-0001-8602-6639], Rodríguez, E. [0000-0001-6827-9077], López González, M. J. [0000-0001-8104-5128], Rodríguez López, C. [0000-0001-5559-7850], Guenther, E. W. [0000-0002-9130-6747], López Santiago, J. [0000-0003-2402-8166], Kaminski, A. [0000-0003-0203-8208], Montes, D. [0000-0002-7779-238X], Baroch, D. [0000-0001-7568-5161], Alonso Floriano, F. J. [0000-0003-1202-5734], Ammler-von Eiff, M. [0000-0001-9565-1698], Anglada Escudé, G. [0000-0002-3645-5977], Barrado, D. [0000-0002-5971-9242], Becerril Jarque, S. [0000-0001-9009-1150], Díez Alonso, E. [0000-0002-5826-9892], Passegger, V. M. [0000-0002-8569-7243], Bergond, G. [0000-0003-3132-9215], Burn, R. [0000-0002-9020-7309], García Vargas, M. L. [0000-0002-2058-3528], Amado, P. J. [0000-0002-8388-6040], Cano, J. [0000-0003-1984-5401], Cardona Guillén, C. [0000-0002-2198-4200], Carro, J. [0000-0002-0838-3603], Abellán, F. J. [0000-0002-5724-1636], Chaturvedi, P. [0000-0002-1887-1192], Sabotta, S. [0000-0001-9078-5574], Cifuentes, C. [0000-0003-1715-5087], Colomé, J. [0000-0002-1678-2241], Arroyo Torres, B. [0000-0002-3392-4694], Emsenhuber, A. [0000-0002-8811-1914], Fuhrmeister, B. [0000-0001-8321-5514], Berdiñas, Z. M. [0000-0002-6057-6461], González Álvarez, E. [0000-0002-4820-2053], González Hernández, J. I. [0000-0002-0264-7356], Calvo Ortega, R. [0000-0003-3693-6030], Guàrdia, J. [0000-0002-7191-9001], Guijarro, A. [0000-0001-5518-1759], Lara, L. M. [0000-0002-7184-920X], Casasayas Barris, N. [0000-0002-2891-8222], Hermelo, I. [0000-0001-9178-694X], Hintz, D. [0000-0002-5274-2589], López del Fresno, M. [0000-0002-9479-7780], Czesla, S. [0000-0002-4203-4773], Johnson, E. [0000-0003-2260-5134], De Juan Fernández, E. [0000-0002-9382-4505], Kehr, M. [0000-0002-7420-7368], Galadí Enríquez, D. [0000-0003-4946-5653], Klüter, J. [0000-0002-3469-5133], González Cuesta, L. [0000-0002-1241-5508], Klutsch, A. [0000-0001-7869-3888], Labarga, F. [0000-0002-7143-0206], González Peinado, R. [0000-0002-6658-8930], Launhardt, R. [0000-0002-8298-2663], Lizon, J. L. [0000-0001-8928-2566], De Guindos, E. [0000-0002-8124-9101], Magan Madinabeitia, H. [0000-0003-1243-4597], Manici, L. [0000-0002-9428-8732], Huke, P. [0000-0001-5913-2743], Marín Molina, J. A. [0000-0002-3525-0806], Martín, E. [0000-0002-1208-4833], Rabaza, O. [0000-0003-2766-2103], Kim, M. [0000-0001-6218-2004], Martínez Rodríguez, H. [0000-0002-1919-228X], Marvin, C. J. [0000-0002-2249-2611], Rodríguez Trinidad, A. [0000-0002-3356-8634], Lampón, M. [0000-0002-0183-7158], Naranjo, V. [0000-0003-0097-1061], Nelson, R. [0000-0002-9687-8779], Nortmann, L. [0000-0001-8419-8760], Lodieu, N. [0000-0002-3612-8968], Ofir, A. [0000-0002-9152-5042], Aceituno, F. J. [0000-0001-8074-4760], Pascual Granado, J. [0000-0003-0139-6951], Pedraz, S. [0000-0003-1346-208X], Marfil, E. [0000-0001-8907-4775], Ramón Ballesta, A. [0000-0002-4323-0610], Redondo, P. G. [0000-0001-5992-5778], Martín Ruiz, S. [0000-0002-9006-7182], Sadegi, S. [0000-0001-9897-6121], Sánchez Carrasco, M. A. [0000-0001-5533-3660], Moya, A. [0000-0003-1665-5389], Sanz Forcada, J. [0000-0002-1600-7835], Sarkis, P. [0000-0001-8128-3126], Vilardell, F. [0000-0003-0441-1504], Nowak, G. [0000-0002-7031-7754], Schäfer, S. [0000-0001-8597-8048], Schlecker, M. [0000-0001-8355-2107], Béjar, V. J. S. [0000-0002-5086-4232], Pérez Calpena, A. [0000-0001-7361-9240], Schöfer, P. [0000-0002-5969-3708], Solano, E. [0000-0003-1885-5130], Sota, A. [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-6952], Rodler, F. [0000-0003-0650-5723], Stuber, T. [0000-0003-2185-0525], García Piquer, A. [0000-0002-6872-4262], Suárez, J. C. [0000-0003-3649-8384], Tabernero, H. [0000-0002-8087-4298], Sánchez López, A. [0000-0002-0516-7956], Winkler, J. [0000-0003-0568-8820], Yan, F. [0000-0001-9585-9034], Sarmiento, L. F. [0000-0002-8475-9705], Luque, R. [0000-0002-4671-2957], Perger, M. [0000-0001-7098-0372], Schmitt, J. H. M. M. [0000-0003-2554-9916], Klahr, H. [0000-0002-8227-5467], Mordasini, C. [0000-0002-1013-2811], Aceituno, J. [0000-0003-0487-1105], Stock, S. [0000-0002-1166-9338], Cortés Contreras, M. [0000-0003-3734-9866], Lafarga, M. [0000-0002-8815-9416], Nagel, E. [0000-0002-4019-3631], Tulloch, S. [0000-0003-0840-8521], Reffert, S. [0000-0002-0460-8289], Rosich, A. [0000-0002-9141-3067], Trifonov, T. [0000-0002-0236-775X], Zapatero Osorio, M. R. [0000-0001-5664-2852], Israel Science Foundation (ISF), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT), Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), European Research Council (ERC), Generalitat de Catalunya, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Queen Mary University of London, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Israel Science Foundation, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, European Research Council, German Research Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Swiss National Science Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Spanish Ministry for Science, Ramón y Cajal programa, Israel Science Foundation grant, CONICYT-FONDECYT/Chile Postdoctorado, Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-un Raumfahrt (DLR), Italian Minister of Instruction, Mexican national council for science and technology, Centro de Excelencia Científica Severo Ochoa Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CSIC, German Science Foundation (DFG) Research Unit, Priority Programs SPP, Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets, Swiss National Science Foundation under grant, Queen Mary University of London Scholarship and STFC, Spanish MCIU FPI-SO predoctoral contract, and European Research Council under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gas giant, 530 Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Minimum mass, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Multidisciplinary, 520 Astronomy, Giant planet, Astronomy, Planetary system, 620 Engineering, Accretion (astrophysics), Exoplanet, Orbit, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Surveys have shown that super-Earth and Neptune-mass exoplanets are more frequent than gas giants around low-mass stars, as predicted by the core accretion theory of planet formation. We report the discovery of a giant planet around the very-low-mass star GJ 3512, as determined by optical and near-infrared radial-velocity observations. The planet has a minimum mass of 0.46 Jupiter masses, very high for such a small host star, and an eccentric 204-day orbit. Dynamical models show that the high eccentricity is most likely due to planet-planet interactions. We use simulations to demonstrate that the GJ 3512 planetary system challenges generally accepted formation theories, and that it puts constraints on the planet accretion and migration rates. Disk instabilities may be more efficient in forming planets than previously thought.Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science, This research was supported by the following programs, grants, and fellowships: Spanish Ministry for Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) ESP2014-54062-R, ESP2014-54362P, AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, BES-2015-074542, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, ESP2016-76076-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-2-R, ESP2017-87143-R, ESP2017-87676-C05-02-R, ESP-2017-87676-2-2, RYC-2012-09913 (>Ramon y Cajal> program), and FPU15/01476; Israel Science Foundation grant 848/16, CONICYT-FONDECYT/Chile Postdoctorado 3180405; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-un Raumfahrt (DLR) 50OW0204 and 50OO1501; Italian Minister of Instruction, University and Research (MIUR), FFABR 2017; University of Rome Tor Vergata, >Mission: Sustainability 2016> fund; European Research Council under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program 694513; Mexican national council for science and technology CONACYT, CVU 448248; the >Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa> award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709); Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA program; Fondo Europeo de Desarollo Regional (FEDER); German Science Foundation (DFG) Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars> and Priority Programs SPP 1833, >Building a Habitable Earth> and SPP 1992, >Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets> NSF grants PHY17-48958 and PHY-1607761; Swiss National Science Foundation under grant BSGIO_155816 >PlaneltsInTime' and within the framework of the NCCR PlanetS; Queen Mary University of London Scholarship and STFC Consolidated Grant ST/P000592/1; Spanish MCIU FPI-SO predoctoral contract BES-2017-082610 and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.

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20. EMIR, the GTC NIR multiobject imager-spectrograph

Author

Robert Grange, V. Sánchez, Jose Luis Rasilla, Carlos González, S. Barrera, P. López, M. Vallbé, J. J. Díaz, P. Redondo, D. Abreu, J. Patrón, F. Tenegi, P. Saavedra, A. Fragoso, Jaime Martín Pérez, Fernando Gago, René Restrepo, L. M. Cairós, Francisco Garzón, S. Becerril, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Minera, Industrial i TIC

Subjects
Physics, Telescopis, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Espectroscòpia astronòmica, Espectroscòpia infraroja, Astronomical spectroscopy, Humanities, Infrared spectroscopy, Telescopes
Abstract

no nal global y el desempe~ de EMIR, el espectr ografo para objetos m ultiples del NIR del GTC, como tambi en el plan para su aplicaci on cient ca inicial. EMIR, actualmente en sus fases nales, ser a uno de los primeros instrumentos para usuarios del GTC, el telescopio de 10 metros en construcci on por GRANTECAN en el Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (Islas Canarias, Espa~ A EMIR lo construye un consorcio de institutos espa~ y franceses conducido por IAC. EMIR est a dise~ para llevar a cabo uno de los objetivos centrales de los telescopios de la clase de 10 metros, lo que permitir a a los observadores obtener espectros de gran n umero de objetos d ebiles de una manera ecien te en cuanto al tiempo. EMIR est a dise~ para ser operado primariamente como un MOS en la banda K, pero ofrece adem as un amplio rango de modos observacionales, incluido imagen y espectroscop a, tanto de rendija larga como de objetos m ultiples, en el rango de longitudes de onda de 0.9 a 2.5 m. Se encuentra equipado con dos subsistemas novedosos: una m ascara de rendijas m ultiples rob otica recongurable y elementos dispersivos formados por una combinaci on de rejilla de difracci on y prismas convencionales de alta calidad, ambos localizados en el coraz on del instrumento. Se describe y discute el estado actual de desarrollo, el desempe~ esperado, el calendario y los planes de aplicaci on cient ca. Este proyecto est a nanciado mayormente por GRANTECAN y el Plan Nacional de Astronom a y Astrof sica de Espa~ na.

21. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems

Author

E. de Juan, Ralf Launhardt, M. Zechmeister, P. Rhode, Birgit Fuhrmeister, E. Díez-Alonso, Rafael Luque, H. J. Hagen, David Barrado, H. W. Rix, Ignasi Ribas, J. F. López Salas, L. M. Lara, Enric Palle, Stefan Dreizler, Cristina Rodríguez-López, Víctor J. S. Béjar, F. F. Bauer, Paula Sarkis, J. Stürmer, C. J. Marvin, Ovidio Rabaza, J. I. González Hernández, V. Wolthoff, Grzegorz Nowak, Jose Antonio Pascual, P. Schöfer, D. Maroto Fernández, Richard J. Mathar, Juan Gutiérrez-Soto, M. Cortés-Contreras, A. Claret, A. Kaminski, S. Grohnert, M. Lafarga, Walter Seifert, A. Guijarro, Susana Martín-Ruiz, I. Hermelo, A. Rosich, S. Sadegi, W. Xu, Holger Mandel, C. del Burgo, S. V. Jeffers, H. Magán Madinabeitia, Jorge Sanz-Forcada, M. Pluto, R.-R. Rohloff, D. Benítez, J. Klüter, M. Tala, Eike W. Guenther, D. Galadí-Enríquez, D. Montes, Ana Pérez-Calpena, Josep Colomé, Peter H. Hauschildt, M. Brinkmöller, Werner Laun, C. Feiz, A. Pavlov, E. Solano, J. Winkler, Eduardo L. Martín, Hugo M. Tabernero, U. Lemke, Ulrich Mall, Andreas Schweitzer, Manuel Perger, R. Hernández Arabí, Miguel Abril, A. Ramón, E. de Guindos, L. F. Sarmiento, Simon Tulloch, Karl Wagner, S. Pedraz, Fei Yan, J. B. P. Strachan, R. P. Hedrosa, A. P. Hatzes, Jesús Aceituno, P. Redondo, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, Johana Panduro, Rafael Rebolo, R. Oreiro, Philipp Huke, A. Sánchez-López, E. Rodriguez, E. Herrero, Evangelos Nagel, V. Gómez Galera, V. M. Passegger, Ralf Klein, M. E. Moreno-Raya, Otmar Stahl, H. Anwand-Heerwart, M. Azzaro, E. Casal, Luigi Mancini, M. A. C. Perryman, M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, J. Schiller, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, S. Reinhardt, M. Lampón, Z. M. Berdiñas, B. Arroyo-Torres, A. Klutsch, Ulrich Grözinger, S. Czesla, J. I. Vico Linares, M. J. López-González, M. López del Fresno, Reinhard Mundt, Sebastian Schafer, L. Hernández Castaño, Juan Carlos Suárez, Florian Rodler, D. Baroch, Lluis Gesa, Jose A. Caballero, M. Kürster, M. Blümcke, Emilio Marfil, Gilles Bergond, G. Veredas, C. Cifuentes, J. A. Marín Molina, F. J. Alonso-Floriano, Ernesto Sánchez-Blanco, S. Becerril, I. M. Ferro, Vianak Naranjo, Javier López-Santiago, E. Mirabet, J. Helmling, E. N. Johnson, Ansgar Reiners, R. Antona, M. L. García Vargas, A. Garcia-Piquer, Pedro J. Amado, A. Rodríguez Trinidad, J. Cano, M. Kim, Juan Carlos Morales, Trifon Trifonov, Lisa Nortmann, Andreas Quirrenbach, A. Moya, Th. Henning, Lev Tal-Or, M. Fernandez, J. Guàrdia, F. Hernández Hernando, Manuel López-Puertas, M. Ammler-von Eiff, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, Francesc Vilardell, M. C. Cárdenas Vázquez, Aviv Ofir, Rainer Lenzen, R. González-Peinado, Sabine Reffert, D. Pérez Medialdea, Armin Huber, Max Planck Society, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministry of Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg, German Research Foundation, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), and German Centre for Air and Space Travel

Subjects
Astrofísica, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Stars: late-type, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, low-mass [Stars], Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Stars: low-mass, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Orbital elements, Physics, Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary system, dynamical evolution and stability [Planets and satellites], Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Astronomía, Planetary systems, Stars, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, late-type [Stars], Terrestrial planet, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The appendix tables are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/609/A117, Context. The main goal of the CARMENES survey is to find Earth-mass planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. Seven M dwarfs included in the CARMENES sample had been observed before with HIRES and HARPS and either were reported to have one short period planetary companion (GJ 15 A, GJ 176, GJ 436, GJ 536 and GJ 1148) or are multiple planetary systems (GJ 581 and GJ 876). Aims. We aim to report new precise optical radial velocity measurements for these planet hosts and test the overall capabilities of CARMENES. Methods. We combined our CARMENES precise Doppler measurements with those available from HIRES and HARPS and derived new orbital parameters for the systems. Bona-fide single planet systems were fitted with a Keplerian model. The multiple planet systems were analyzed using a self-consistent dynamical model and their best fit orbits were tested for long-term stability. Results. We confirm or provide supportive arguments for planets around all the investigated stars except for GJ 15 A, for which we find that the post-discovery HIRES data and our CARMENES data do not show a signal at 11.4 days. Although we cannot confirm the super-Earth planet GJ 15 Ab, we show evidence for a possible long-period (P = 7030 d) Saturn-mass (msini = 51.8M) planet around GJ 15 A. In addition, based on our CARMENES and HIRES data we discover a second planet around GJ 1148, for which we estimate a period P = 532.6 days, eccentricity e = 0.342 and minimum mass msini = 68.1M. Conclusions. The CARMENES optical radial velocities have similar precision and overall scatter when compared to the Doppler measurements conducted with HARPS and HIRES. We conclude that CARMENES is an instrument that is up to the challenge of discovering rocky planets around low-mass stars.© ESO, 2018., CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Insitut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation (DFG), the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, the DFG Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, and by the Junta de Andalucia. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This work used the Systemic Console package (Meschiari et al. 2009) for cross-checking our Keplerian and Dynamical fits and the python package astroML (VanderPlas et al. 2012) for the calculation of the GLS periodogram. The IEEC-CSIC team acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) through grant ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, as well as the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. The IAA-CSIC team acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through grants AYA2014-54348-C03-01 and AYA2016-79425-C3-3-P as well as FEDER funds. The UCM team acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) from projects AYA2015-68012-C2-2-P and AYA2016-79425- C3-1,2,3-P and the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, programa de Formacion de Profesorado Universitario, under grant FPU15/01476. T. T. and M.K. thank to Jan Rybizki for the very helpful discussion in the early phases of this work. V.J.S.B. is supported by grant AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (MINECO). J.C.S. acknowledges funding support from Spanish public funds for research under project ESP2015-65712-C5-5-R (MINECO/FEDER), and under Research Fellowship program >Ramon y Cajal> with reference RYC2012-09913 (MINECO/FEDER). The contributions of M.A. were supported by DLR (Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt) through the grants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501. J.L.-S. acknowledges the Office of Naval Research Global (award No. N62909-15- 1-2011) for support. C.d.B. acknowledges that this work has been supported by Mexican CONACyT research grant CB-2012-183007 and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity through projects AYA2014-54348-C3-2-R. J.I.G.H., and R.R. acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry project MINECO AYA2014-56359-P. J.I.G.H. also acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MINECO under the 2013 Ramon y Cajal program MINECO RYC-2013-14875. V. Wolthoff acknowledges funding from the DFG Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, project No. RE 2694/4-1.We thank the anonymous referee for the excellent comments that helped to improve the quality of this paper.

22. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs - HD 147379b: A nearby Neptune in the temperate zone of an early-M dwarf

Author

Lluis Gesa, A. Lamert, Jose A. Caballero, Fei Yan, M. Blümcke, Karl Wagner, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, E. de Juan, E. Casal, V. Gómez Galera, Simon Tulloch, R. Oreiro, David Barrado, P. Schöfer, M. Lampón, Eike W. Guenther, A. P. Hatzes, Jesús Aceituno, A. Rosich, Rainer Lenzen, Enric Palle, Stefan Dreizler, Cristina Rodríguez-López, Víctor J. S. Béjar, B. Arroyo-Torres, H. Anwand-Heerwart, U. Lemke, J. B. P. Strachan, Miguel Abril, J. Schiller, J. Helmling, Evangelos Nagel, M. Lafarga, E. N. Johnson, Walter Seifert, R. P. Hedrosa, Rafael Rebolo, A. Guijarro, Sebastian Schafer, C. del Burgo, J. Klüter, M. Tala, S. Czesla, M. E. Moreno-Raya, A. Sánchez-López, Grzegorz Nowak, D. Montes, F. Labarga, L. Hernández Castaño, Juan Carlos Suárez, A. Claret, Ulrich Mall, J. F. López Salas, J. I. Vico Linares, E. Herrero, Florian Rodler, Manuel López-Puertas, M. Ammler-von Eiff, D. Baroch, Philipp Huke, R. González-Peinado, C. Feiz, M. J. López-González, S. V. Jeffers, S. Becerril, H. Magán Madinabeitia, I. M. Ferro, M. Brinkmöller, P. Rhode, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, I. Hermelo, Francesc Vilardell, C. J. Marvin, Ralf Launhardt, Gilles Bergond, M. López del Fresno, Reinhard Mundt, M. Zechmeister, Jorge Sanz-Forcada, M. C. Cárdenas Vázquez, G. Veredas, D. Pérez Medialdea, Aviv Ofir, Andreas Schweitzer, Armin Huber, Ansgar Reiners, R. Antona, A. Garcia-Piquer, Ana Pérez-Calpena, D. Maroto Fernández, D. Galadí-Enríquez, S. Reinhart, R. G. Ulbrich, H. W. Rix, Javier López-Santiago, E. Mirabet, C. Cifuentes, Johana Panduro, L. M. Lara, J. A. Marín Molina, A. Pavlov, M. Azzaro, M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, Susana Martín-Ruiz, Birgit Fuhrmeister, V. M. Passegger, A. Kaminski, M. Pluto, Richard J. Mathar, F. F. Bauer, Otmar Stahl, L. F. Sarmiento, Z. M. Berdiñas, Eduardo L. Martín, Hugo M. Tabernero, A. Rodríguez Trinidad, M. Kim, Peter H. Hauschildt, E. Solano, J. Winkler, Manuel Perger, R. Hernández Arabí, J. Cano, Lisa Nortmann, Andreas Quirrenbach, Trifon Trifonov, A. Klutsch, Ulrich Grözinger, S. Sadegi, Luigi Mancini, A. Moya, Holger Mandel, Ovidio Rabaza, Werner Laun, M. A. C. Perryman, J. I. González Hernández, W. Xu, F. J. Alonso-Floriano, A. Ramón, Ignasi Ribas, Ernesto Sánchez-Blanco, E. de Guindos, S. Pedraz, Vianak Naranjo, Sabine Reffert, M. Kürster, V. Wolthoff, H. J. Hagen, Emilio Marfil, Juan Gutiérrez-Soto, E. Díez-Alonso, M. Cortés-Contreras, Jose Antonio Pascual, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, Rafael Luque, Paula Sarkis, J. Stürmer, P. Redondo, S. Grohnert, E. Rodriguez, Ralf Klein, R.-R. Rohloff, D. Benítez, Josep Colomé, Th. Henning, Lev Tal-Or, M. Fernandez, J. Guàrdia, F. Hernández Hernando, M. L. García Vargas, Pedro J. Amado, Juan Carlos Morales, Max Planck Society, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministry of Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, European Research Council, and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)

Subjects
Rotation period, Stars: activity, Astrofísica, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Stars: late-type, 01 natural sciences, Planets and satellites: individual: HD 147379 b, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Neptune, Planet, low-mass [Stars], 0103 physical sciences, Stars: low-mass, Eccentricity (behavior), individual: HD 147379 [Stars], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Stars: rotation, Stars: individual: HD 147379, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Exoplanet, individual: HD147379 [Stars], Radial velocity, Astronomía, rotation [Stars], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, late-type [Stars], individual: HD147379 b [Planets and satellites], individual: HD 147379 b [Planets and satellites], activity [Stars], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report on the first star discovered to host a planet detected by radial velocity (RV) observations obtained within the CARMENES survey for exoplanets around M dwarfs. HD 147379 (V = 8.9 mag, M = 0.58 ± 0.08 M⊙), a bright M0.0 V star at a distance of 10.7 pc, is found to undergo periodic RV variations with a semi-amplitude of K = 5.1 ± 0.4 m s−1 and a period of P = 86.54 ± 0.06 d. The RV signal is found in our CARMENES data, which were taken between 2016 and 2017, and is supported by HIRES/Keck observations that were obtained since 2000. The RV variations are interpreted as resulting from a planet of minimum mass mP sin i = 25 ± 2 M⊕, 1.5 times the mass of Neptune, with an orbital semi-major axis a = 0.32 au and low eccentricity (e < 0.13). HD 147379 b is orbiting inside the temperate zone around the star, where water could exist in liquid form. The RV time-series and various spectroscopic indicators show additional hints of variations at an approximate period of 21.1 d (and its first harmonic), which we attribute to the rotation period of the star., FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 “Blue Planets around Red Stars, European Research Council (ERC-279347), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (RE 1664/12-1, RE 2694/4-1), Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF-05A14MG3, BMBF-05A17MG3), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, grants AYA2015-68012-C2-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1,2,3-P, AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2014-54348-C03- 01, AYA2014-56359-P, AYA2014-54348-C3-2-R, AYA2016-79425-C3-3-P and 2013 Ramòn y Cajal program RYC-2013-14875), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, grant ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, ESP2015-65712-C5- 5-R), Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme, Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, programa de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (grant FPU15/01476), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (grants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501), Office of Naval Research Global (award no. N62909-15-1-2011), Mexican CONACyT grant CB-2012-183007.

23. An 8-mm diameter fibre robot positioner for massive spectroscopy surveys

Author

P. Hoerler, M. Hug, Gustavo Yepes, N. Fahim, Justo Sanchez, M. Charif, R. Diego, Mohamed Bouri, C. Gomez, C. Lachat, Laleh Makarem, Denis Gillet, Francisco Prada, X. Arrillaga, M. A. Carrera, M. Azzaro, J. Castano, S. Becerril, M. A. Gomez, A. Gonzalez-Arroyo, Hannes Bleuler, Jean-Paul Kneib, Laurent Jenni, Guillermo Glez-de-Rivera, Javier Garrido, Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC (IFT), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Département d'Ingenierie et d'Etudes des Protéines (DIEP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Grupo de Investigacion HCTLab, and Instituto de Física Teórica (IFT)

Subjects
Optical fiber, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Milky Way, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Largescale structure of Universe, Surveys, Cosmology, law.invention, spectroscopic [Techniques], Optics, surveys, law, Overhead (computing), spectrographs [Instrumentation], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), instrumentation: spectrographs, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cardinal point, Space and Planetary Science, Dark energy, Robot, large-scale structure of Universe, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], techniques: spectroscopic, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society © 2015 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved, Massive spectroscopic survey are becoming trendy in astrophysics and cosmology, as they can address new fundamental knowledge such as understanding the formation of the Milky Way and probing the nature of the mysterious dark energy. To enable massive spectroscopic surveys, new technology has been developed to place thousands of optical fibres at a given position on a focal plane. This technology needs to be: (1) accurate, with micrometer positional accuracy; (2) fast to minimize overhead; (3) robust to minimize failure; and (4) low cost. In this paper, we present the development, properties, and performance of a new single 8-mm in diameter fibre positioner robot, using two 4-mm DC-brushless gearmotors, that allows us to achieve accuracies up to 0.07 arcsec (5 μm). This device has been developed in the context of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, We acknowledge support from the Spanish MICINNs Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program me under grant MultiDark CSD2009-00064, HEPHACOS S2009/ESP-1473, and MINECO Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Programme under grant SEV-2012-0249. We also thank the support from a CSIC-AVS contract through MICINN grant AYA2010-21231-C02- 01, and CDTI grant IDC-20101033; and support from the Spanish MINECO research grants AYA2012-31101 and FPA2012-34694. JPK, PH and LM acknowledge support from the ERC advanced grant LIDA and from an SNF Interdisciplinary grant.

26. Decreased expression of the NLRP6 inflammasome is associated with increased intestinal permeability and inflammation in obesity with type 2 diabetes.

Author

Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Mentxaka A, Valentí V, Moncada R, Reina G, Baixauli J, Casado M, Silva C, Escalada J, and Catalán V

Subjects
Humans, Rats, Animals, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein genetics, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein metabolism, Interleukin-18 genetics, Intestinal Barrier Function, Case-Control Studies, Inflammation, Obesity complications, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins metabolism, Receptors, Angiotensin metabolism, Receptors, Vasopressin metabolism, Inflammasomes metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics
Abstract

Background: Obesity-associated dysfunctional intestinal permeability contributes to systemic chronic inflammation leading to the development of metabolic diseases. The inflammasomes constitute essential components in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. We aimed to determine the impact of the inflammasomes in the regulation of gut barrier dysfunction and metabolic inflammation in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D)., Methods: Blood samples obtained from 80 volunteers (n = 20 normal weight, n = 21 OB without T2D, n = 39 OB with T2D) and a subgroup of jejunum samples were used in a case-control study. Circulating levels of intestinal damage markers and expression levels of inflammasomes as well as their main effectors (IL-1β and IL-18) and key inflammation-related genes were analyzed. The impact of inflammation-related factors, different metabolites and Akkermansia muciniphila in the regulation of inflammasomes and intestinal integrity genes was evaluated. The effect of blocking NLRP6 by using siRNA in inflammation was also studied., Results: Increased circulating levels (P < 0.01) of the intestinal damage markers endotoxin, LBP, and zonulin in patients with obesity decreased (P < 0.05) after weight loss. Patients with obesity and T2D exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) jejunum gene expression levels of NLRP6 and its main effector IL18 together with increased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of inflammatory markers. We further showed that while NLRP6 was primarily localized in goblet cells, NLRP3 was localized in the intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of Nlrp1, Nlrp3 and Nlrp6 in the small intestinal tract obtained from rats with diet-induced obesity were found. NLRP6 expression was regulated by taurine, parthenolide and A. muciniphila in the human enterocyte cell line CCL-241. Finally, a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the expression and release of MUC2 after the knockdown of NLRP6 was observed., Conclusions: The increased levels of intestinal damage markers together with the downregulation of NLRP6 and IL18 in the jejunum in obesity-associated T2D suggest a defective inflammasome sensing, driving to an impaired epithelial intestinal barrier that may regulate the progression of multiple obesity-associated comorbidities., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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28. Effect of guanylin peptides on pancreas steatosis and function in experimental diet-induced obesity and after bariatric surgery.

Author

Otero A, Becerril S, Martín M, Cienfuegos JA, Valentí V, Moncada R, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Burrell MA, Frühbeck G, and Rodríguez A

Subjects
Male, Rats, Animals, Rats, Wistar, Obesity surgery, Obesity metabolism, Pancreas metabolism, Peptides metabolism, Diet, Inflammation metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Metabolism Disorders metabolism, Bariatric Surgery
Abstract

Introduction: Obesity contributes to ectopic fat deposition in non-adipose organs, including the pancreas. Pancreas steatosis associates with inflammation and β-cell dysfunction, contributing to the onset of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. An improvement of pancreatic steatosis and indices of insulin resistance is observed following bariatric surgery, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We sought to analyze whether guanylin (GUCA2A) and uroguanylin (GUCA2B), two gut hormones involved in the regulation of satiety, food preference and adiposity, are involved in the amelioration of pancreas fat accumulation after bariatric surgery., Methods: Pancreas steatosis, inflammation, islet number and area were measured in male Wistar rats with diet-induced obesity (n=125) subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary (pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by gastrectomized animals) interventions. The tissue distribution of guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) and the expression of the guanylin system were evaluated in rat pancreata by real-time PCR, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry. The effect of guanylin and uroguanylin on factors involved in insulin secretion and lipogenesis was determined in vitro in RIN-m5F β-cells exposed to lipotoxic conditions., Results: Sleeve gastrectomy reduced pancreas steatosis and inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity and synthesis. An upregulation of GUCA2A and GUCY2C, but not GUCA2B, was observed in pancreata from rats with diet-induced obesity one month after sleeve gastrectomy. Interestingly, both guanylin and uroguanylin diminished the lipotoxicity in palmitate-treated RIN-m5F β-cells, evidenced by lower steatosis and downregulated lipogenic factors Srebf1, Mogat2 and Dgat1 . Both guanylin peptides reduced insulin synthesis ( Ins1 and Ins2 ) and release from RIN-m5F β-cells, but only guanylin upregulated Wnt4 , a factor that controls β-cell proliferation and function., Discussion: Together, sleeve gastrectomy reduced pancreatic steatosis and improved β-cell function. Several mechanisms, including the modulation of inflammation and lipogenesis as well as the upregulation of GUCA2A in the pancreas, might explain this beneficial effect of bariatric surgery., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Otero, Becerril, Martín, Cienfuegos, Valentí, Moncada, Catalán, Gómez-Ambrosi, Burrell, Frühbeck and Rodríguez.)

Published
2023
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29. Increased Aquaporin-7 Expression Is Associated with Changes in Rat Brown Adipose Tissue Whitening in Obesity: Impact of Cold Exposure and Bariatric Surgery.

Author

Frühbeck G, Méndez-Giménez L, Becerril S, Ramírez B, Hernández-Pardos AW, Cienfuegos JA, Valentí V, Moncada R, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, da Silva IV, Soveral G, and Rodríguez A

Subjects
Animals, Male, Rats, Adipose Tissue, Brown metabolism, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Glycerol metabolism, Obesity metabolism, Rats, Wistar, Aquaporins metabolism, Bariatric Surgery
Abstract

Glycerol is a key metabolite for lipid accumulation in insulin-sensitive tissues. We examined the role of aquaporin-7 (AQP7), the main glycerol channel in adipocytes, in the improvement of brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening, a process whereby brown adipocytes differentiate into white-like unilocular cells, after cold exposure or bariatric surgery in male Wistar rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO) ( n = 229). DIO promoted BAT whitening, evidenced by increased BAT hypertrophy, steatosis and upregulation of the lipogenic factors Pparg2 , Mogat2 and Dgat1 . AQP7 was detected in BAT capillary endothelial cells and brown adipocytes, and its expression was upregulated by DIO. Interestingly, AQP7 gene and protein expressions were downregulated after cold exposure (4 °C) for 1 week or one month after sleeve gastrectomy in parallel to the improvement of BAT whitening. Moreover, Aqp7 mRNA expression was positively associated with transcripts of the lipogenic factors Pparg2 , Mogat2 and Dgat1 and regulated by lipogenic (ghrelin) and lipolytic (isoproterenol and leptin) signals. Together, the upregulation of AQP7 in DIO might contribute to glycerol influx used for triacylglycerol synthesis in brown adipocytes, and hence, BAT whitening. This process is reversible by cold exposure and bariatric surgery, thereby suggesting the potential of targeting BAT AQP7 as an anti-obesity therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Published
2023
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30. Increased Expression Levels of Netrin-1 in Visceral Adipose Tissue during Obesity Favour Colon Cancer Cell Migration.

Author

Mentxaka A, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Neira G, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Valentí V, Moncada R, Baixauli J, Burrell MA, Silva C, Claro V, Ferro A, Catalán V, and Frühbeck G

Abstract

Netrin (NTN)-1, an extracellular matrix protein with a crucial role in inflammation, is dysregulated during obesity (OB) and influences colon cancer (CC) progression. To decipher the mechanisms underlying CC development during obesity, we examined the expression of NTN1 and its receptors in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of 74 (25 normal weight (NW)) (16 with CC) and 49 patients with OB (12 with CC). We also evaluated the effect of caloric restriction (CR) on the gene expression levels of Ntn1 and its receptors in the colon from a rat model fed a normal diet. The impact of adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from patients with OB and NTN-1 was assessed on the expression levels of neogenin 1( NEO1 ), deleted in colorectal carcinomas ( DCC ) and uncoordinated-5 homolog B ( UNC5B ) in Caco-2 and HT-29 human colorectal cell lines, as well as on Caco-2 cell migration. Increased NTN1 and NEO1 mRNA levels in VAT were due to OB ( p < 0.05) and CC ( p < 0.001). In addition, an upregulation in the expression levels of DCC and UNC5B in patients with CC ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) was observed. Decreased ( p < 0.01) Ntn1 levels in the colon from rats submitted to CR were found. In vitro experiments showed that ACM increased DCC ( p < 0.05) and NEO1 ( p < 0.01) mRNA levels in HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines, respectively, while UNC5B decreased ( p < 0.01) in HT-29. The treatment with NTN-1 increased ( p < 0.05) NEO1 mRNA levels in HT-29 cells and DCC ( p < 0.05) in both cell lines. Finally, we revealed a potent migratory effect of ACM and NTN-1 on Caco-2 cells. Collectively, these findings point to increased NTN-1 during OB and CC fuelling cancer progression and exerting a strong migratory effect on colon cancer cells.

Published
2023
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31. Corrigendum: Increased levels of interleukin-36 in obesity and type 2 diabetes fuels adipose tissue inflammation by inducing its own expression and release by adipocytes and macrophages.

Author

Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Mentxaka A, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Reina G, Valentí V, Moncada R, Silva C, and Catalán V

Abstract

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832185.]., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Frühbeck, Gómez-Ambrosi, Ramírez, Mentxaka, Rodríguez, Becerril, Reina, Valentí, Moncada, Silva and Catalán.)

Published
2023
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32. Sex- and Age-Dependent Changes in the Adiponectin/Leptin Ratio in Experimental Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice.

Author

Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Mentxaka A, Neira G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, and Frühbeck G

Subjects
Male, Female, Mice, Animals, Adiponectin metabolism, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Obesity etiology, Obesity metabolism, Body Weight, Weight Gain, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Leptin metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Abstract

Biological sex and aging impact obesity development and type 2 diabetes, changing the secretion of leptin and adiponectin. The balance between these factors has been propounded as a reliable biomarker of adipose tissue dysfunction. Our proposal was to study sexual differences and aging on the adiponectin/leptin (Adpn/Lep) ratio in order to acquire a broader view of the impact of consuming an high-fat diet (HFD) on energy metabolism according to sex and age. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow diet or an HFD for 12 or 32 weeks (n = 7−10 per group) and evolution of body weight, food intake and metabolic profile were registered. The HFD triggered an increase in body weight (p < 0.001), body weight gain (p < 0.01) and adiposity index (p < 0.01) in both sexes at 32 weeks of age, but female mice fed the HFD exhibited these changes to a significantly lower extent than males. Aged female mice showed an increase (p < 0.01) in the Adpn/Lep ratio, which was negatively correlated with body weight gain, changes in different fat depots and insulin resistance. Females were more metabolically protected from obesity development and its related comorbidities than males regardless of age, making the Adpn/Lep ratio a relevant factor for body composition and glucose metabolism.

Published
2022
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33. Netrin-1 Promotes Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity and Is Associated with Insulin Resistance.

Author

Mentxaka A, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Neira G, Valentí V, Moncada R, Silva C, Unamuno X, Cienfuegos JA, Escalada J, Frühbeck G, and Catalán V

Subjects
Humans, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Case-Control Studies, Culture Media, Conditioned, Glucose metabolism, Inflammation metabolism, Intra-Abdominal Fat metabolism, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, RNA, Messenger genetics, Weight Loss, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Insulin Resistance, Insulins metabolism, Netrin-1 metabolism, Obesity metabolism
Abstract

Netrin (NTN)-1 exhibits pro- and anti-inflammatory roles in different settings, playing important roles in the obesity-associated low-grade chronic inflammation. We aimed to determine the impact of NTN-1 on obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes, as well as its role in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation. A total of 91 subjects were enrolled in this case-control study. Circulating levels of NTN-1 and its receptor neogenin (NEO)-1 were determined before and after weight loss achieved by caloric restriction and bariatric surgery. mRNA levels of NTN1 and NEO1 were assessed in human VAT, liver, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In vitro studies in human visceral adipocytes and human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1)-derived macrophages were performed to analyze the impact of inflammation-related mediators on the gene expression levels of NTN1 and its receptor NEO1 as well as the effect of NTN-1 on inflammation. Increased (p < 0.001) circulating concentrations of NTN-1 in obesity decreased (p < 0.05) after diet-induced weight loss being also associated with a reduction in glucose (p < 0.01) and insulin levels (p < 0.05). Gene expression levels of NTN1 and NEO1 were upregulated (p < 0.05) in the VAT from patients with obesity with the highest expression in the stromovascular fraction cells compared with mature adipocytes (p < 0.01). NTN1 expression levels were enhanced (p < 0.01) under hypoxia and by inflammatory factors in both adipocytes and macrophages. Adipocyte-conditioned media strongly upregulated (p < 0.001) the mRNA levels of NTN1 in macrophages. The treatment of adipocytes with NTN-1 promoted the upregulation (p < 0.05) of pro-inflammatory and chemotactic molecules as well as its receptor NEO1. Collectively, these findings suggest that NTN-1 regulates VAT chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity.

Published
2022
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34. Improved Adipose Tissue Function after Single Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve-Gastrectomy (SADI-S) in Diet-Induced Obesity.

Author

Becerril S, Tuero C, Cienfuegos JA, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Valentí V, Moncada R, Unamuno X, Gómez-Ambrosi J, and Frühbeck G

Subjects
Adipose Tissue surgery, Anastomosis, Surgical adverse effects, Animals, Diet, Gastrectomy methods, Glucose, Ileum, Lipids, Male, Obesity complications, Obesity surgery, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Retrospective Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 surgery, Obesity, Morbid surgery
Abstract

Bariatric surgery has been recognized as the safest and most effective procedure for controlling type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity in carefully selected patients. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) and Single Anastomosis Duodenoileal Bypass with SG (SADI-S) on the metabolic profile of diet-induced obese rats. A total of 35 four-week-old male Wistar rats were submitted to surgical interventions (sham operation, SG and SADI-S) after 4 months of being fed a high-fat diet. Body weight, metabolic profile and the expression of molecules involved in the control of subcutaneous white (SCWAT), brown (BAT) and beige (BeAT) adipose tissue function were analyzed. SADI-S surgery was associated with significantly decreased amounts of total fat pads (p < 0.001) as well as better control of lipid and glucose metabolism compared to the SG counterparts. An improved expression of molecules involved in fat browning in SCWAT and in the control of BAT and BeAT differentiation and function was observed following SADI-S. Together, our findings provide evidence that the enhanced metabolic improvement and their continued durability after SADI-S compared to SG rely, at least in part, on the improvement of the BeAT phenotype and function.

Published
2022
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35. Dermatopontin Influences the Development of Obesity-Associated Colon Cancer by Changes in the Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins.

Author

Catalán V, Domench P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Mentxaka A, Rodríguez A, Valentí V, Moncada R, Baixauli J, Silva C, Escalada J, and Frühbeck G

Subjects
Caco-2 Cells, Case-Control Studies, Extracellular Matrix metabolism, Humans, Inflammation metabolism, Obesity complications, Obesity metabolism, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Colonic Neoplasms genetics, Colonic Neoplasms metabolism, Extracellular Matrix Proteins genetics, Extracellular Matrix Proteins metabolism
Abstract

Dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) in the context of obesity leads to chronic inflammation together with an altered extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, favouring cancer development and progression. Recently, the influence of dermatopontin (DPT) in AT remodelling and inflammation has been proposed. We aimed to evaluate the role of DPT in the development of obesity-associated colon cancer (CC). Samples obtained from 73 subjects [26 lean (LN) and 47 with obesity (OB)] were used in a case-control study. Enrolled subjects were further subclassified according to the established diagnostic protocol for CC (42 without CC and 31 with CC). In vitro studies in the adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell line were performed to analyse the impact of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators on the transcript levels of DPT as well as the effect of DPT on ECM remodelling and inflammation. Although obesity increased (p < 0.05) the circulating levels of DPT, its concentrations were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in patients with CC. Gene expression levels of DPT in the colon from patients with CC were downregulated and, oppositely, a tendency towards increased mRNA levels in visceral AT was found. We further showed that DPT expression levels in HT-29 cells were enhanced (p < 0.05) by inflammatory factors (LPS, TNF-α and TGF-β), whereas the anti-inflammatory IL-4 decreased (p < 0.05) its expression levels. We also demonstrated that DPT upregulated (p < 0.05) the mRNA of key molecules involved in ECM remodelling (COL1A1, COL5A3, TNC and VEGFA) whereas decorin (DCN) expression was downregulated (p < 0.05) in HT-29 cells. Finally, we revealed that the adipocyte-conditioned medium obtained from volunteers with OB enhanced (p < 0.01) the expression of DPT in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. The decreased circulating and expression levels of DPT in the colon together with the tendency towards increased levels in visceral AT in patients with CC and its influence on the expression of ECM proteins suggest a possible role of DPT in the OB-associated CC.

Published
2022
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36. Time to Consider the "Exposome Hypothesis" in the Development of the Obesity Pandemic.

Author

Catalán V, Avilés-Olmos I, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Fernández-Formoso JA, Kiortsis D, Portincasa P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, and Frühbeck G

Subjects
Environmental Exposure, Humans, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity etiology, Pandemics, Weight Gain, Endocrine Disruptors, Exposome
Abstract

The obesity epidemic shows no signs of abatement. Genetics and overnutrition together with a dramatic decline in physical activity are the alleged main causes for this pandemic. While they undoubtedly represent the main contributors to the obesity problem, they are not able to fully explain all cases and current trends. In this context, a body of knowledge related to exposure to as yet underappreciated obesogenic factors, which can be referred to as the "exposome", merits detailed analysis. Contrarily to the genome, the "exposome" is subject to a great dynamism and variability, which unfolds throughout the individual's lifetime. The development of precise ways of capturing the full exposure spectrum of a person is extraordinarily demanding. Data derived from epidemiological studies linking excess weight with elevated ambient temperatures, in utero, and intergenerational effects as well as epigenetics, microorganisms, microbiota, sleep curtailment, and endocrine disruptors, among others, suggests the possibility that they may work alone or synergistically as several alternative putative contributors to this global epidemic. This narrative review reports the available evidence on as yet underappreciated drivers of the obesity epidemic. Broadly based interventions are needed to better identify these drivers at the same time as stimulating reflection on the potential relevance of the "exposome" in the development and perpetuation of the obesity epidemic.

Published
2022
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37. Changes in mechanical properties of adipose tissue after bariatric surgery driven by extracellular matrix remodelling and neovascularization are associated with metabolic improvements.

Author

Unamuno X, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Becerril S, Álvarez-Cienfuegos FJ, Ramírez B, Rodríguez A, Ezquerro S, Valentí V, Moncada R, Mentxaka A, Llorente M, Silva C, Elizalde MLR, Catalán V, and Frühbeck G

Subjects
Adipose Tissue metabolism, Animals, Collagen metabolism, Extracellular Matrix metabolism, Humans, Microfilament Proteins metabolism, Obesity surgery, Rats, Receptors, Cell Surface metabolism, Weight Loss, Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 surgery
Abstract

Biomechanical properties of adipose tissue (AT) are closely involved in the development of obesity-associated comorbidities. Bariatric surgery (BS) constitutes the most effective option for a sustained weight loss in addition to improving obesity-associated metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to determine the impact of weight loss achieved by BS and caloric restriction (CR) on the biomechanical properties of AT. BS but not CR changed the biomechanical properties of epididymal white AT (EWAT) from a diet-induced obesity rat model, which were associated with metabolic improvements. We found decreased gene expression levels of collagens and Lox together with increased elastin and Mmps mRNA levels in EWAT after BS, which were also associated with the biomechanical properties. Moreover, an increased blood vessel density was observed in EWAT after surgery, confirmed by an upregulation of Acta2 and Antxr1 gene expression levels, which was also correlated with the biomechanical properties. Visceral AT from patients with obesity showed increased stiffness after tensile tests compared to the EWAT from the animal model. This study uncovers new insights into EWAT adaptation after BS with decreased collagen crosslink and synthesis as well as an increased degradation together with enhanced blood vessel density providing, simultaneously, higher stiffness and more ductility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomechanical properties of the adipose tissue (AT) are closely involved in the development of obesity-associated comorbidities. In this study, we show for the first time that biomechanical properties of AT determined by E, UTS and strain at UTS are decreased in obesity, being increased after bariatric surgery by the promotion of ECM remodelling and neovascularization. Moreover, these changes in biomechanical properties are associated with improvements in metabolic homeostasis. Consistently, a better characterization of the plasticity and biomechanical properties of the AT after bariatric surgery opens up a new field for the development of innovative strategies for the reduction of fibrosis and inflammation in AT as well as to better understand obesity and its associated comorbidities., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2022
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38. Serum Levels of IL-1 RA Increase with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Relation to Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and are Reduced After Bariatric Surgery in Parallel to Adiposity.

Author

Frühbeck G, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Valentí V, Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Moncada R, Baixauli J, Silva C, Escalada J, and Gómez-Ambrosi J

Abstract

Background: Excess adiposity leads to a dysfunctional adipose tissue that contributes to the development of obesity-associated comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is a naturally occurring antagonist of the IL-1 receptor with anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to compare the circulating concentrations of IL-1RA and its mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in subjects with normal weight (NW), obesity with normoglycemia (OB-NG), or obesity with impaired glucose tolerance or T2D (OB-IGT&T2D) and to analyze the effect of changes in body fat percentage (BF%) on IL-1RA levels., Methods: Serum concentrations of IL-1RA were measured in 156 volunteers. Expression of IL1RN mRNA in VAT obtained from 36 individuals was determined. In addition, the concentrations of IL-1RA were measured before and after weight gain as well as weight loss following a dietetic program or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)., Results: Serum levels of IL-1RA were significantly increased in individuals with obesity, being further increased in the OB-IGT&T2D group (NW 440 ± 316, OB-NG 899 ± 562, OB-IGT&T2D 1265 ± 739 pg/mL; P <0.001) and associated with markers of inflammation and fatty liver. IL1RN mRNA expression in VAT was significantly increased in the OB-IGT&T2D group and correlated in the global cohort with the mRNA expression of SPP1, CCL2, CD68 , and MMP9 . Levels of IL-1RA were not modified after modest changes in BF%, but RYGB-induced weight loss significantly decreased IL-1RA concentrations from 1233 ± 1009 to 660 ± 538 pg/mL ( P <0.001)., Conclusion: Serum IL-1RA concentrations are increased in patients with obesity being further elevated in obesity-associated IGT and T2D in association with markers of adipose tissue dysfunction. The mRNA expression of IL1RN is markedly increased in VAT of subjects with obesity and T2D in relation with genes involved in macrophage recruitment, inflammation and matrix remodeling. Serum IL-1RA concentrations are reduced when a notable amount of BF% is loss. Measurement of IL-1RA is an excellent biomarker of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity-associated metabolic alterations., Competing Interests: Prof. Dr. Gema Frühbeck reports grants from FIS Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Science & Innovation (ref PI19/00785), grants from CIBEROBN Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Science & Innovation (ref CB06/03/1014), during the conduct of the study; and being a member of the OPEN Spain Initiative supported by Novo Nordisk. The authors report no other potential conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2022 Frühbeck et al.)

Published
2022
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39. Increased Levels of Interleukin-36 in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Fuel Adipose Tissue Inflammation by Inducing Its Own Expression and Release by Adipocytes and Macrophages.

Author

Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Mentxaka A, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Reina G, Valentí V, Moncada R, Silva C, and Catalán V

Subjects
Adipocytes metabolism, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Animals, Case-Control Studies, Cathepsin G, Cytokines metabolism, Fibrosis, Humans, Inflammation metabolism, Interleukin-1, Interleukins metabolism, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, Macrophages metabolism, Mice, Obesity metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism
Abstract

Interleukin (IL)-36 is a recently described cytokine with well-known functions in the regulation of multiple inflammatory diseases. Since no data exists on how this cytokine regulates adipose tissue (AT) homeostasis, we aimed to explore the function of a specific isoform, IL-36γ, an agonist, in human obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes as well as in AT inflammation and fibrosis. Plasma IL-36γ was measured in 91 participants in a case-control study and the effect of weight loss was evaluated in 31 patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Gene expression levels of IL36G and its receptor were analyzed in relevant human metabolic tissues. The effect of inflammatory factors and IL-36γ was determined in vitro in human adipocytes and macrophages. We found, for the first time, that the increased ( P <0.05) circulating levels of IL-36γ in patients with obesity decreased ( P <0.001) after weight and fat loss achieved by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and that gene expression levels of IL36G were upregulated in the visceral AT ( P <0.05) and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P <0.01) from patients with obesity. We also demonstrated increased ( P <0.05) expression levels of Il36g in the epididymal AT from diet-induced obese mice. IL36G was significantly enhanced ( P <0.001) by LPS in human adipocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, while no changes were found after the incubation with anti-inflammatory cytokines. The addition of IL-36γ for 24 h strongly induced ( P <0.01) its own expression as well as key inflammatory and chemoattractant factors with no changes in genes associated with fibrosis. Furthermore, adipocyte-conditioned media obtained from patients with obesity increased ( P <0.01) the release of IL-36γ and the expression ( P <0.05) of cathepsin G ( CTSG ) in monocyte-derived macrophages. These findings provide, for the first time, evidence about the properties of IL-36γ in the regulation of AT-chronic inflammation, emerging as a link between AT biology and the obesity-associated comorbidities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Frühbeck, Gómez-Ambrosi, Ramírez, Mentxaka, Rodríguez, Becerril, Reina, Valentí, Moncada, Silva and Catalán.)

Published
2022
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40. The Differential Expression of the Inflammasomes in Adipose Tissue and Colon Influences the Development of Colon Cancer in a Context of Obesity by Regulating Intestinal Inflammation.

Author

Frühbeck G, Mentxaka A, Ahechu P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Unamuno X, Cienfuegos JA, Casado M, Burrell MA, Martín M, Baixauli J, Valentí V, Moncada R, Reina G, Silva C, and Catalán V

Abstract

Background: Inflammasomes maintain tissue homeostasis and their altered regulation in the colon, and the adipose tissue (AT) leads to chronic activation of inflammatory pathways promoting colon cancer (CC) development. We aimed to analyze the potential involvement of inflammasomes in obesity-associated CC., Methods: Ninety-nine volunteers [61 with obesity (OB) and 38 normoponderal (NP)] further subclassified according to the approved protocol for the diagnosis of CC (58 without CC and 41 with CC) were included in the case-control study., Results: CC ( P <0.01) and obesity ( P <0.01) were accompanied by increased mRNA levels of NLRP3, NLRP6, ASC, IL1B and NOD2 in VAT. Contrarily, patients with CC exhibited a downregulation of NLRP6 and IL18 in their colon. Additionally, we revealed that the decreased Nlrp1 ( P <0.05), Nlrp3 ( P <0.01) and Nlrp6 ( P <0.01) mRNA levels in the colon from obese rats significantly increase ( P <0.05) after caloric restriction. Adipocyte-conditioned media obtained from subjects with obesity reduced ( P <0.01) the mRNA of NLRP3 as well as molecules involved in maintaining the intestinal integrity ( MUC2, CLDN1 and TJP1 ) and the anti-inflammatory factors FGF21, KLF4 , and IL33 and in HT-29 cells. We also found that the knockdown of NLRP6 in HT-29 cells significantly upregulated ( P <0.05) the mRNA of NLRP1 and NLRP3 and inhibited ( P <0.05) the expression levels of MUC2 . Finally, we showed that the incubation of HT-29 with Akkermansia muciniphila influence ( P <0.05) the inflammasome expression profile as well as intestinal integrity-related genes and aberrant inflammation., Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that the downregulated levels of NLRP6 and IL18 in the colon from patients with CC may be responsible for a reduced intestinal-barrier integrity, triggering local inflammation, which in turn acts on the dysfunctional AT in obesity, increasing the expression of different inflammasome components and flaring up a vicious cycle of uncontrollable inflammatory cascades that favours a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment., Competing Interests: Prof. Dr. Gema Frühbeck reports grants from Spanish Health Institute ISCIII, during the conduct of the study. The authors report no other potential conflicts of interest in this work. The results were partially presented at the 28th European Congress on Obesity., (© 2021 Frühbeck et al.)

Published
2021
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41. Role of ANGPTL8 in NAFLD Improvement after Bariatric Surgery in Experimental and Human Obesity.

Author

Perdomo CM, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Becerril S, Valentí V, Moncada R, Fernández-Sáez EM, Méndez-Giménez L, Ezquerro S, Catalán V, Silva C, Escalada J, Frühbeck G, and Rodríguez A

Subjects
Adult, Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8 blood, Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8 genetics, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Gastrectomy, Gastric Bypass, Hepatocytes metabolism, Humans, Lipogenesis, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease etiology, Obesity, Morbid complications, Peptide Hormones blood, Peptide Hormones genetics, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8 metabolism, Bariatric Surgery, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease metabolism, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease surgery, Obesity, Morbid metabolism, Obesity, Morbid surgery, Peptide Hormones metabolism
Abstract

Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is an hepatokine altered in several metabolic conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We sought to explore whether ANGPTL8 is involved in NAFLD amelioration after bariatric surgery in experimental models and patients with severe obesity. Plasma ANGPTL8 was measured in 170 individuals before and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Hepatic ANGPTL8 expression was evaluated in liver biopsies of patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery with available liver pathology analysis ( n = 75), as well as in male Wistar rats with diet-induced obesity subjected to sham operation, sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) ( n = 65). The effect of ANGPTL8 on lipogenesis was assessed in human HepG2 hepatocytes under palmitate-induced lipotoxic conditions. Plasma concentrations and hepatic expression of ANGPTL8 were increased in patients with obesity-associated NAFLD in relation to the degree of hepatic steatosis. Sleeve gastrectomy and RYGB improved hepatosteatosis and reduced the hepatic ANGPTL8 expression in the preclinical model of NAFLD. Interestingly, ANGPTL8 inhibited steatosis and expression of lipogenic factors ( PPARG2 , SREBF1 , MOGAT2 and DGAT1 ) in palmitate-treated human hepatocytes. Together, ANGPTL8 is involved in the resolution of NAFLD after bariatric surgery partially by the inhibition of lipogenesis in steatotic hepatocytes.

Published
2021
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42. FNDC4 and FNDC5 reduce SARS-CoV-2 entry points and spike glycoprotein S1-induced pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis in human adipocytes.

Author

Frühbeck G, Catalán V, Valentí V, Moncada R, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Becerril S, Silva C, Portincasa P, Escalada J, and Rodríguez A

Subjects
Apoptosis, COVID-19 virology, Humans, Necroptosis, Obesity pathology, Pyroptosis, SARS-CoV-2 physiology, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Adipocytes pathology, COVID-19 pathology, Fibronectins metabolism, Obesity complications, Proteins metabolism
Published
2021
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43. Decreased Levels of Microfibril-Associated Glycoprotein (MAGP)-1 in Patients with Colon Cancer and Obesity Are Associated with Changes in Extracellular Matrix Remodelling.

Author

Gómez de Segura I, Ahechu P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Rodríguez A, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Unamuno X, Mentxaka A, Baixauli J, Valentí V, Moncada R, Silva C, Frühbeck G, and Catalán V

Subjects
Aged, Carcinogenesis genetics, Colonic Neoplasms genetics, Extracellular Matrix genetics, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, HT29 Cells, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity genetics, RNA Splicing Factors genetics, Colonic Neoplasms blood, Obesity blood, RNA Splicing Factors blood
Abstract

Objective: The protein microfibril-associated glycoprotein (MAGP)-1 constitutes a crucial extracellular matrix protein. We aimed to determine its impact on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) remodelling during obesity-associated colon cancer (CC)., Methods: Samples obtained from 79 subjects (29 normoponderal (NP) (17 with CC) and 50 patients with obesity (OB) (19 with CC)) were used in the study. Circulating concentrations of MAGP-1 and its gene expression levels ( MFAP2 ) in VAT were analysed. The impact of inflammation-related factors and adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) on MFAP2 mRNA levels in colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells were further analysed. The effects of MAGP-1 in the expression of genes involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and tumorigenesis in HT-29 cells was also explored., Results: Obesity ( p < 0.01) and CC ( p < 0.001) significantly decreased MFAP2 gene expression levels in VAT whereas an opposite trend in TGFB1 mRNA levels was observed. Increased mRNA levels of MFAP2 after the stimulation of HT-29 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ( p < 0.01) and interleukin (IL)-4 ( p < 0.01) together with a downregulation ( p < 0.05) after hypoxia mimicked by CoCl 2 treatment was observed. MAGP-1 treatment significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of the ECM-remodelling genes collagen type 6 α3 chain ( COL6A3) ( p < 0.05), decorin ( DCN ) ( p < 0.01), osteopontin ( SPP1 ) ( p < 0.05) and TGFB1 ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, MAGP-1 significantly reduced ( p < 0.05) the gene expression levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 ( COX2 / PTGS2 ), a key gene controlling cell proliferation, growth and adhesion in CC. Interestingly, a significant decrease ( p < 0.01) in the mRNA levels of MFAP2 in HT-29 cells preincubated with ACM from volunteers with obesity compared with control media was observed. Conclusion: The decreased levels of MAGP-1 in patients with obesity and CC together with its capacity to modulate key genes involved in ECM remodelling and tumorigenesis suggest MAGP-1 as a link between AT excess and obesity-associated CC development.

Published
2021
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44. Caloric Restriction Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction and the Changes in Hypothalamic Neuropeptides Associated with Obesity Independently of Dietary Fat Content in Rats.

Author

Martín M, Rodríguez A, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Catalán V, López M, Diéguez C, Frühbeck G, and Burrell MA

Subjects
Adiposity physiology, Agouti-Related Protein metabolism, Animals, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Disease Models, Animal, Eating physiology, Ghrelin metabolism, Hypothalamus metabolism, Leptin metabolism, Male, Metabolic Diseases etiology, Neuropeptide Y metabolism, Obesity complications, Pro-Opiomelanocortin metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Weight Loss physiology, Caloric Restriction methods, Diet, Fat-Restricted methods, Metabolic Diseases prevention & control, Neuropeptides metabolism, Obesity diet therapy
Abstract

Energy restriction is a first therapy in the treatment of obesity, but the underlying biological mechanisms have not been completely clarified. We analyzed the effects of restriction of high-fat diet (HFD) on weight loss, circulating gut hormone levels and expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides. Ten-week-old male Wistar rats ( n = 40) were randomly distributed into four groups: two fed ad libitum a normal diet (ND) (N group) or a HFD (H group) and two subjected to a 25% caloric restriction of ND (NR group) or HFD (HR group) for 9 weeks. A 25% restriction of HFD over 9 weeks leads to a 36% weight loss with regard to the group fed HFD ad libitum accompanied by normal values in adiposity index and food efficiency ratio (FER). This restriction also carried the normalization of NPY, AgRP and POMC hypothalamic mRNA expression, without changes in CART. Caloric restriction did not succeed in improving glucose homeostasis but reduced HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia. In conclusion, 25% restriction of HFD reduced adiposity and improved metabolism in experimental obesity, without changes in glycemia. Restriction of the HFD triggered the normalization of hypothalamic NPY, AgRP and POMC expression, as well as ghrelin and leptin levels.

Published
2021
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45. Viruses and Skin Cancer.

Author

Becerril S, Corchado-Cobos R, García-Sancha N, Revelles L, Revilla D, Ugalde T, Román-Curto C, Pérez-Losada J, and Cañueto J

Subjects
Animals, DNA, Viral genetics, Humans, Skin virology, Viruses genetics, Skin Neoplasms virology, Viruses pathogenicity
Abstract

Advances in virology and skin cancer over recent decades have produced achievements that have been recognized not only in the field of dermatology, but also in other areas of medicine. They have modified the therapeutic and preventive solutions that can be offered to some patients and represent a significant step forward in our knowledge of the biology of skin cancer. In this paper, we review the viral agents responsible for different types of skin cancer, especially for solid skin tumors. We focus on human papillomavirus and squamous cell cancers, Merkel cell polyomavirus and Merkel cell carcinoma, and human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi's sarcoma.

Published
2021
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46. NLRP3 inflammasome blockade reduces adipose tissue inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling.

Author

Unamuno X, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Valentí V, Moncada R, Silva C, Salvador J, Frühbeck G, and Catalán V

Subjects
Adipose Tissue metabolism, Adipose Tissue pathology, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 pathology, Extracellular Matrix metabolism, Extracellular Matrix pathology, Female, Humans, Inflammation metabolism, Inflammation pathology, Interleukin-18 genetics, Interleukin-18 metabolism, Interleukin-1beta genetics, Interleukin-1beta metabolism, Male, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein genetics, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease pathology, Obesity complications, Signal Transduction, Young Adult, Adipose Tissue immunology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 immunology, Extracellular Matrix immunology, Inflammasomes immunology, Inflammation immunology, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein metabolism, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease immunology
Abstract

The NLRP3-IL-1β pathway plays an important role in adipose tissue (AT)-induced inflammation and the development of obesity-associated comorbidities. We aimed to determine the impact of NLRP3 on obesity and its associated metabolic alterations as well as its role in adipocyte inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Samples obtained from 98 subjects were used in a case-control study. The expression of different components of the inflammasome as well as their main effectors and inflammation- and ECM remodeling-related genes were analyzed. The impact of blocking NLRP3 using siRNA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation and ECM remodeling signaling pathways was evaluated. We demonstrated that obesity (P < 0.01), obesity-associated T2D (P < 0.01) and NAFLD (P < 0.05) increased the expression of different components of the inflammasome as well as the expression and release of IL-1β and IL-18 in AT. We also found that obese patients with T2D exhibited increased (P < 0.05) hepatic gene expression levels of NLRP3, IL1B and IL18. We showed that NLRP3, but not NLRP1, is regulated by inflammation and hypoxia in visceral adipocytes. We revealed that the inhibition of NLRP3 in human visceral adipocytes significantly blocked (P < 0.01) LPS-induced inflammation by downregulating the mRNA levels of CCL2, IL1B, IL6, IL8, S100A8, S100A9, TLR4 and TNF as well as inhibiting (P < 0.01) the secretion of IL1-β into the culture medium. Furthermore, blocking NLRP3 attenuated (P < 0.01) the LPS-induced expression of important molecules involved in AT fibrosis (COL1A1, COL4A3, COL6A3 and MMP2). These novel findings provide evidence that blocking the expression of NLRP3 reduces AT inflammation with significant fibrosis attenuation.

Published
2021
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47. Aquaporin-11 Contributes to TGF-β1-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Visceral Adipocytes: Role in Obesity-Associated Inflammation.

Author

Frühbeck G, Balaguer I, Méndez-Giménez L, Valentí V, Becerril S, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Silva C, Salvador J, Calamita G, Malagón MM, and Rodríguez A

Subjects
Adipocytes drug effects, Adipocytes metabolism, Adult, Aquaporins genetics, Cell Differentiation drug effects, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 pathology, Female, Gene Silencing drug effects, Humans, Inflammation complications, Inflammation metabolism, Lipolysis drug effects, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity complications, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha pharmacology, Up-Regulation drug effects, Adipocytes pathology, Aquaporins metabolism, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress drug effects, Inflammation pathology, Intra-Abdominal Fat pathology, Obesity pathology, Transforming Growth Factor beta1 pharmacology
Abstract

Aquaporin-11 (AQP11) is expressed in human adipocytes, but its functional role remains unknown. Since AQP11 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein that transports water, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), we hypothesized that this superaquaporin is involved in ER stress induced by lipotoxicity and inflammation in human obesity. AQP11 expression was assessed in 67 paired visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples obtained from patients with morbid obesity and normal-weight individuals. We found that obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes increased ( p < 0.05) AQP11 mRNA and protein in visceral adipose tissue, but not subcutaneous fat. Accordingly, AQP11 mRNA was upregulated ( p < 0.05) during adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis, two biological processes altered in the obese state. Subcellular fractionation and confocal microscopy studies confirmed its presence in the ER plasma membrane of visceral adipocytes. Proinflammatory factors TNF-α, and particularly TGF-β1, downregulated ( p < 0.05) AQP11 mRNA and protein expression and reinforced its subcellular distribution surrounding lipid droplets. Importantly, the AQP11 gene knockdown increased ( p < 0.05) basal and TGF-β1-induced expression of the ER markers ATF4 and CHOP. Together, the downregulation of AQP11 aggravates TGF-β1-induced ER stress in visceral adipocytes. Owing to its "peroxiporin" properties, AQP11 overexpression in visceral fat might constitute a compensatory mechanism to alleviate ER stress in obesity.

Published
2020
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48. Dermatopontin, A Novel Adipokine Promoting Adipose Tissue Extracellular Matrix Remodelling and Inflammation in Obesity.

Author

Unamuno X, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Valentí V, Moncada R, Silva C, Salvador J, Frühbeck G, and Catalán V

Abstract

Compelling evidence suggests that dermatopontin (DPT) regulates collagen and fibronectin fibril formation, the induction of cell adhesion and the prompting of wound healing. We aimed to evaluate the role of DPT on obesity and its associated metabolic alterations as well as its impact in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Samples obtained from 54 subjects were used in a case-control study. Circulating and VAT expression levels of DPT as well as key ECM remodelling- and inflammation-related genes were analysed. The effect of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators on the transcript levels of DPT in visceral adipocytes was explored. The impact of DPT on ECM remodelling and inflammation pathways was also evaluated in cultured adipocytes. We show that obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) increased ( p < 0.05) circulating levels of DPT. In this line, DPT mRNA in VAT was increased ( p < 0.05) in obese patients with and without T2D. Gene expression levels of DPT were enhanced ( p < 0.05) in human visceral adipocytes after the treatment with lipopolysaccharide, tumour growth factor (TGF)- and palmitic acid, whereas a downregulation ( p < 0.05) was detected after the stimulation with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, critical cytokines mediating anti-inflammatory pathways. Additionally, we revealed that DPT increased ( p < 0.05) the expression of ECM- ( COL6A3, ELN, MMP9, TNMD ) and inflammation-related factors ( IL6, IL8, TNF ) in human visceral adipocytes. These findings provide, for the first time, evidence of a novel role of DPT in obesity and its associated comorbidities by influencing AT remodelling and inflammation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2020
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49. Mechanism of bariatric and metabolic surgery: beyond surgeons, gastroenterologists and endocrinologists.

Author

Valentí V, Cienfuegos JA, Becerril Mañas S, and Frühbeck G

Subjects
Endocrinologists, Humans, Weight Loss, Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Gastroenterologists, Surgeons
Abstract

Bariatric-metabolic surgery is the safest, most effective and long-lasting treatment for obesity and its associated co-morbidities, whether they be metabolic (type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) or cardiovascular (myocardial infarction, stroke). Due to the obesity pandemic, bariatric-metabolic surgery is the second most frequent intra-abdominal procedure and the gastroenterologist and the surgeon must be aware of the physiologic changes caused by the anatomic reconfiguration following surgery. Among the mechanisms of action, independent of the loss of weight and fat tissue, surgery leads to the release of gut hormones related to carbohydrate metabolism (the rapid and continuous release of insulin), appetite and degree of satiety (glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide Y-Y, grhelin). As a result, indications for surgery have been extended to earlier disease stages. Apart from the neurohormonal effects, changes in the metabolism of biliary acids and the microbiota have also been reported. The aim of this review is to describe the physiologic changes caused by bariatric-metabolic surgery.

Published
2020
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50. Functional Relationship between Leptin and Nitric Oxide in Metabolism.

Author

Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Unamuno X, Portincasa P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, and Frühbeck G

Subjects
Animals, Bone Remodeling, Cardiovascular System metabolism, Cardiovascular System pathology, Cardiovascular System physiopathology, Glucose metabolism, Humans, Immune System metabolism, Immune System pathology, Immune System physiopathology, Lipid Metabolism, Obesity metabolism, Obesity pathology, Obesity physiopathology, Reproduction, Signal Transduction, Energy Metabolism, Leptin metabolism, Nitric Oxide metabolism
Abstract

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, was originally described as a satiety factor, playing a crucial role in the control of body weight. Nevertheless, the wide distribution of leptin receptors in peripheral tissues supports that leptin exerts pleiotropic biological effects, consisting of the modulation of numerous processes including thermogenesis, reproduction, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, neuroendocrine, and immune functions as well as arterial pressure control. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical synthesized from L-arginine by the action of the NO synthase (NOS) enzyme. Three NOS isoforms have been identified: the neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) constitutive isoforms, and the inducible NOS (iNOS). NO mediates multiple biological effects in a variety of physiological systems such as energy balance, blood pressure, reproduction, immune response, or reproduction. Leptin and NO on their own participate in multiple common physiological processes, with a functional relationship between both factors having been identified. The present review describes the functional relationship between leptin and NO in different physiological processes.

Published
2019
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