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Simple Summary: Domestic rabbits are one of the most commonly kept pets with a hypselodontic type of dentition, possessing teeth that grow throughout the animal's life. These animals often show signs of disease in the stomatognathic system. Dental disease can also affect the function of other organs and systems. The most common clinical signs of dental disease in domestic rabbits are the following: lack of appetite, weight loss, apathy, and difficulty chewing and swallowing food. These clinical signs are non-specific, and, therefore, a definitive diagnosis usually requires additional methods, such as an X-ray examination, a CT scan, MRI, and endoscopic examination. The most common dental disease found in this study's animals was malocclusion secondary to abnormal clinical crown abrasion and abnormal tooth growth. In domestic rabbits, osteomyelitis is a common complication of dental abscesses. Computed tomography is an invaluable diagnostic method in the diagnosis of dental disease and secondary diseases of the head area, such as inflammation of the nasal cavities or otitis media, in pet rabbits. Domestic rabbits have teeth that grow throughout the animal's life and are prone to disease. Clinical signs of dental disease in domestic rabbits are non-specific, and, therefore, a definitive diagnosis usually requires additional methods. This study was carried out on a group of 105 domestic rabbits aged 3 to 9 years. In total, 90 domestic rabbits with dental disease visible on CT images and other secondary diseases of the head area qualified for this study. Malocclusion was found in 57 (63.3%). Retrograde elongation of the tooth apices in the mandible was present in 39 (43.3%), and it was present in the maxilla in 48 (53%). Clinical tooth crowns were overgrown in 39 (43%). Dental abscesses were present in 54 (63%). Secondary to the presence of a dental abscess, osteomyelitis was found in 43 (79% of the animals with a dental abscess). Dental inflammatory resorption was found in 36 (40%). Secondary to dental disease, nasal cavity inflammation was found in 18 (20%). Otitis media was present in six (6.7%). The most common dental disease found in this study's animals was malocclusion secondary to abnormal clinical crown abrasion and abnormal tooth growth. In domestic rabbits, osteomyelitis is a common complication of dental abscesses. Computed tomography is an invaluable diagnostic method in the diagnosis of dental disease and secondary diseases of the head area, such as inflammation of the nasal cavities or otitis media, in pet rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Frequency of emergency department (ED) use for nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDC) is a well-researched community health concern. However, research predominately relies on ambulatory ED discharge records. This explanatory sequential mixed methods study reviewed NTDC ED use in hot-spot counties and assessed perceptions around preventable and appropriate use among EDs and dental clinics. Methods: Tooth pain data (2015-2021) were drawn from State Medicaid, and the Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE). NTDC data were compiled using International Classification of Disease, Ninth and Tenth Revisions. Employing extreme case sampling, providers in counties with the highest per-capita NTDC ED use were interviewed. Results: North Dakota experienced a decline in NTDC ED visits between 2017 and 2020, though the rate is now increasing. The greatest proportion of NTDC ED visits were among persons ages 20 to 34 and 35 to 44. ED and dental care staff have misconceptions around each other's roles in reducing NTDC ED visits, but unanimously suggest community-level prevention as a solution. Conclusions: NTDC ED use was perceived as "appropriate" care. However, there is consensus that improved access to, and utilization of, affordable and quality preventative dental care would reduce NTDC ED visits and improve overall community health, especially among populations experiencing greater inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The adhesion of composite resin to caries-affected dentin differs from the adhesion of resin to sound dentin. We evaluated the bond strengths of dual-cure resin composites applied to caries-affected root canal dentin under various clinical conditions and using several caries removal indicators. In the dye stain 1 group, caries were removed to a pale pink stain level using a caries detector. In the dye stain 2 group, caries were removed to a stain-free level using a caries detector. In the probing group, caries were removed to the level of hardness based on probing with a sharp explorer. Additionally, a sound dentin group was used as a control. We compared the resin composite microtensile bond strengths and failure mode distribution among the groups. The bond strengths (MPa) of the probing (64.6 ± 11.9) and the sound dentin (68.7 ± 11.1) groups were significantly higher than those of the dye stain 1 (46.9 ± 7.9) and 2 (47.5 ± 8.4) groups (p < 0.05). The removal of caries-affected dentin using a dentin-hardness-based technique showed higher tensile strength than that using a dye stain technique involving removal to any color level. Thus, the caries removal technique used on root canal dentin affects the bond strength of the resin composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral bone regeneration has revolutionized implant dentistry by enhancing both the quantity and quality of the available bone, ultimately leading to improved treatment outcomes. In recent years, the use of stem cells for regenerative purposes has shown promising results. The aim of this study was to review the current literature concerning the clinical applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and/or Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs), for the treatment of oral osseous defects. An electronic search of Ovid Medline database was conducted. All types of human studies that applied MSCs and/or ASCs for implant site development were included. Pre-clinical and in vitro studies were excluded. Out of the initial 282 identified records, 22 were considered for inclusion. Even though most reports showed some benefit after the use of MSCs/ASCs, the review indicated that there is lack of consensus, regarding the methodology and the outcomes assessment. The clinical significance and the feasibility should be further studied with standardized techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Preoperative dental screening before cardiac valve surgery is widely accepted but its required scope remains unclear. This study evaluates two preoperative dental screening (PDS) approaches, a focused approach (FocA) and a comprehensive approach (CompA), to compare postsurgical 90-day mortality.Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis was performed on all patients who underwent valve surgery at Brigham and Women's Hospital with FocA and Massachusetts General Hospital with CompA of PDS approach from January 2009 to December 2016. Patients with intravenous drug abuse and systemic infections were excluded. Univariate, multivariable, and subgroup analysis was performed.Results: A total of 1835 patients were included in the study. With FocA 96% of patients (1097/1143) received dental clearance in a single encounter with 3.3% receiving radiographs and undergoing dental extractions. With CompA 35.5% of patients (245/692) received dental clearance in a single encounter, 94.2% received radiographs, and 21.8% underwent dental extractions. There was no significant difference in 90-day mortality when comparing both PDS approach (10% vs 8.4%, P = .257). This remained unchanged in a multivariable model after adjusting for risk factors (odds ratio:1.32 [95%CI:0.91-1.93] [P = .14]). Reoperation due to infection was less in FocA (0.5%) vs CompA (2.6) (P < .001) and postoperative septicemia was increased in the FocA (1.7%) cohort when compared to the CompA (0.7%) (P < .001) patients.Conclusions: There was no difference in post valve surgery 90-day mortality between patients who underwent a FocA vs CompA of PDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Advances of genetic science in genomic techniques have led introducing new diagnostic systems to study the diseases or treatment efficacies. In this science, which named "Personalized Medicine", human genetic structure is used for evaluation of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Regarding the limited number of studies regarding this issue in Oral & Maxillofacial diseases, this study was aimed to evaluate the benefits and challenges of this new area (Personalized Medicine) in dental treatments. Materials and Methods: In this study, complete evaluation of abilities and challenges in order to apply the "Personalized Dentistry" in Dental treatments, and also its effect on oral health indexes were done. All the existing related articles were searched with the relevant key words in the scientific data bases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, SID and Magiran. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 articles were selected, assessed and summarized. Results: In the evaluated articles, the benefits of "Personalized Dentistry" in dental treatments as targeted and specialized treatment could result in lower time, energy and cost. In addition, its disadvantage as unknown biologic effective factors and also, the cross effects of some of the above items on each other and the treatment procedures were mentioned. Conclusions: Regarding the specialized sciences and diagnostic tools for oral & maxillofacial disease, the benefits of "Personalized Dentistry" application can be increased for special treatments of patients. Also, it could reduce the side effects of conventional therapies and thus, could be introduced as an effective step for better dental treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations of essential oils combined with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis. Thirteen experimental groups were formed: NC (negative control); PC (positive control); GC (growth control); SC (sterilization control); RO (Rosmarinus officinalis); ROH (calcium hydroxide + RO); ZO (Zingiber officinale); ZOH (calcium hydroxide + ZO); AB (Citrus aurantium bergamia); ABH (calcium hydroxide + AB); CO (Copaifera officinalis); COH (calcium hydroxide + CO); DWH (calcium hydroxide and distilled water). After reconstitution of the E. faecalis strain, microdilution testing was performed to define the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet, and the MIC and MBC were calculated in accordance with the Bacteriological Analytical Handbook. MICs in the range of 0 to 100 mg/ml were only observed in the ROH group. The RO, ROH, AB, ZO, and ZOH presented absolute data for MBC. Bacterial growth was detected in the DWH group at all concentrations tested. The combination of the essential oils tested here with calcium hydroxide appears promising as an intracanal medication in endodontic treatment because of its effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis. Essential oils are important in endodontic therapy since calcium hydroxide, the gold standard intracanal medication, is not effective against E. faecalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are currently among the most commonly diagnosed disorders of the stomatognathic system. They are related to the overall condition of temporomandibular joints (TMJ). In recent years, there have been an increasing number of reports related to clinical patients suffering from stomatognathic disorders accompanying psoriasis. The aim of the study is to assess the incidence and identify the types of temporomandibular disorders in patients diagnosed with psoriasis. Materials and method. The study was conducted in a group of 64 patients (32 men and 32 women) treated for psoriasis at the Med-Laser Non-Public Health Care Centre in Lublin. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage entailed the use of a normalised questionnaire in which the patients were surveyed regarding the incidence of TMD symptoms. The survey questions were prepared on the basis of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/ TMD). The second stage entailed the performance of clinical examinations in accordance with the RDC/TMD classification guidelines. Results. The survey revealed that over 1/3 of the subjects experienced at least one type of TMJ disfunction included in the RDC/TMC questionnaire. Conclusions. Psoriasis patients are most often classified into class IIa TMD according to RDC / TMD diagnoses. For this reason, patients reporting such symptoms should be referred for full diagnostic stomatological examination for the possible presence of temporomandibular disorders. The inclusion of screening for TMD symptoms should be considered in patients treated for psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately 15% of all rare diseases occur with orofacial manifestations. Symptoms and manifestations of relevance to orthodontists represent a considerable proportion of these diseases and require appropriate strategies for their treatment. This article provides an overview of the orthodontically relevant manifestations of rare diseases.Material and Methods: Overall, 3,639 rare diseases listed at the Orphanet, OMIM or Pubmed database were evaluated for orofacial manifestations. All rare diseases which were indicated with at least one orofacial manifestation were recorded in a database for rare diseases with orofacial manifestations called "ROMSE," which was developed by the authors. All the rare diseases were analysed with regard to orthodontically relevant orofacial manifestations, such as dysgnathia, changes in the number of teeth, failures of eruption, pathologies of bone metabolism or orofacial clefts. For all rare diseases with orthodontic relevance, an exact analysis was undertaken.Results: The orthodontically relevant orofacial manifestation termed dysgnathia is described in 151 of 535 identified rare diseases (28.2%). In these 151 rare diseases, 15 different subforms of dysgnathia, in the sense of skeletal misdevelopments of the jaws but without dental abnormalities, were described. Also changes in the number of teeth (17.9%), orofacial clefts (27.6%), failures of eruption (8.4%) and pathologies of the bone (2.1%) were described.Conclusions: Orthodontics play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of orofacial manifestations in rare diseases. Databases such as ROMSE are a first step toward providing valid information in publicly accessible databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: At a population level, there are no systematic data to correlate the pattern of prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) with oral disease burden in South Asian countries. The influence of the age, gender, and geographical distribution on these diseases is not reported. We attempt to provide a population level correlation of occurrence using the Global Burden of Disease approach.Materials and Methods: Using the data from the Global Burden of Diseases, 2016, the occurrence of oral diseases (dental caries of permanent teeth, edentulism (including severe tooth loss), and periodontal diseases) and various NCDs, based on geographical region, gender and age groups were collected and subjected to correlation statistics. Statistical Package for Social Services (Version 23) was used to analyze the results. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Geographical location and age had a significant role in the occurrence of dental diseases. There was a considerable difference in rates of dental diseases and NCD prevalence in the various regions of Asia-Pacific. It was observed that for most of the NCDs, there was a linear significant relationship for edentulism as well as periodontal diseases with high statistical significance.Discussion: The factors that contribute to the discrepancies, phenomenon, and relationship between the oral diseases and NCDs are discussed. The current state of the importance of oral health, in maintaining overall health is discussed. Methods by which policymakers could bring about a change by utilizing the principles of "Overton window" for mobilizing the support of people are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients diagnosed with head and neck tumors, are treated by surgery, radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT) or a combination thereof. The goal is to describe the management protocol for patients subjected to radiation therapy (RT) and to study their long-term oral health status.Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed in a sample of 50 patients. We analyzed the oral health status and all the variables included applying the adapted protocol of pre-RT.Results: Prior to RT, 84% of patients required scaling and 32% conservative treatment. Around 74% of patients required at least one exodontia. The mean of exodontias for patients presenting Grade 3 of oral hygiene was 6.50 per person (p<0.0001). The pre-RT study of possible candida infection showed that 78% of patients were negative for this infection. The mean resting saliva production was 39.10 (SD: 23.30; range: 13-145), with a stimulated value of 64.78 (SD: 33.92; range: 16-200).Conclusions: All patients should be protocoled to ensure that they present optimal oral conditions prior to initiating RT treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop and validate rates of potentially preventable emergency department (ED) visits as indicators of community health.Data Sources: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project 2008-2010 State Inpatient Databases and State Emergency Department Databases.Study Design: Empirical analyses and structured panel reviews.Methods: Panels of 14-17 clinicians and end users evaluated a set of ED Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs) using a Modified Delphi process. Empirical analyses included assessing variation in ED PQI rates across counties and sensitivity of those rates to county-level poverty, uninsurance, and density of primary care physicians (PCPs).Principal Findings: ED PQI rates varied widely across U.S. communities. Indicator rates were significantly associated with county-level poverty, median income, Medicaid insurance, and levels of uninsurance. A few indicators were significantly associated with PCP density, with higher rates in areas with greater density. A clinical and an end-user panel separately rated the indicators as having strong face validity for most uses evaluated.Conclusions: The ED PQIs have undergone initial validation as indicators of community health with potential for use in public reporting, population health improvement, and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Proper cooperation between patient and dentist is of great help to make a good oral impression. However, patients are frequently confused when information is given through traditional verbal description. The present study compared the effectiveness of the multimedia information delivery ways with the traditional verbal manner on patients' understanding level in oral impression taking.Methods: The recruited 191 participating patients were randomly assigned to the control group (the verbal group) and two intervention groups (the video group and the picture group) according to the information delivery manner. After intervention, the patients' understanding degree was measured by questionnaire and performance evaluation of behavior feedback on the provided information quantitatively. Also, patients' self-assessment of satisfaction was interviewed by telephone. All data was analyzed by SPSS 14.0 software, and p≤0.05 was set as significant difference in advance.Results: One-Way ANOVA and Chi-square showed there were no statistically significant differences in the mean age, gender composition, and educational level among the three groups (P>0.05). In both questionnaire assessment and performance evaluation, One-Way ANOVA followed by LSD indicate that the video group gained a higher score than the verbal group or the picture group (P<0.05). The questionnaire score in the picture group is significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was shown between these two groups in patients' performance evaluation (P>0.05). Higher percentage of satisfaction was reported by patients in the two multimedia groups than that in the control group.Discussion: Oral impression taking is a consecutive process that requires action cooperation between dentists and patients simultaneously. This particularity makes it more suitable for multimedia delivery. The delivery of tailored information using multimedia in this study was favored by most patients and could improve the degree of patient understanding of the oral impression taking procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of Acute Dental Infections (ADI) presenting for emergency department (ED) care are steadily increasing. Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy (OPAT) programs are increasingly utilized as an alternative cost-effective approach to the management of serious infectious diseases but their role in the management of severe ADI is not established. This study aims to address this knowledge gap through evaluation of ADI referrals to a regional OPAT program in a large Canadian center.Methods: All adult ED and OPAT program ADI referrals from four acute care adult hospitals in Calgary, Alberta, were quantified using ICD diagnosis codes in a regional reporting system. Citywide OPAT program referrals were prospectively enrolled over a five-month period from February to June 2014. Participants completed a questionnaire and OPAT medical records were reviewed upon completion of care.Results: Of 704 adults presenting to acute care facilities with dental infections during the study period 343 (49%) were referred to OPAT for ADI treatment and 110 were included in the study. Participant mean age was 44 years, 55% were women, and a majority of participants had dental insurance (65%), had seen a dentist in the past six months (65%) and reported prior dental infections (77%), 36% reporting the current ADI as a recurrence. Median length of parenteral antibiotic therapy was 3 days, average total course of antibiotics was 15-days, with a cumulative 1326 antibiotic days over the study period. There was no difference in total duration of antibiotics between broad and narrow spectrum regimes. Conservative cost estimate of OPAT care was $120,096, a cost savings of $597,434 (83%) compared with hospitalization.Conclusions: ADI represent a common preventable cause of recurrent morbidity. Although OPAT programs may offer short-term cost savings compared with hospitalization, risks associated with extended antibiotic exposures and delayed definitive dental management must also be gauged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders may be associated with dental and facial malformations. The aim of this study is to record the prevalence of TMDs in patients scheduled for orthognathic surgery, reporting the development of TMDs and symptoms during the entire period of the treatment, and demonstrating the benefits of a team effort on this population. Materials and Methods: Assessment of temporomandibular status was performed using the RDC/TMD criteria at T0 (prior to orthodontic therapy), T1 (3 months after the surgery), and T2 post-therapeutic cycle (6 to 12 months postoperatively). A total of 76 participants were included in the study; all the patients underwent surgical treatment: 12 had bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, 6 with condylar position devices; 64 had Le Fort I + bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, and 15 with condylar position devices. Results were evaluated with a paired-sample t-test and segmentation analysis. Results: Forty-seven patients were affected by TMDs. At T0, 25 patients experienced TMJ pain, 27 had muscular pain, 31 suffered headaches, 42 had disc dislocation with reduction, and 5 were affected by disc dislocation without reduction. Thirty-five patients had occlusal signs of parafunctions, 8 reported tinnitus, and 7 dizziness. At T1, TMJ pain changed from 33.3% to 4.44%, muscular pain changed from 35.5% to 11.1%, headaches improved from 40% to 6.67%, and disc dislocation from 55.2% to 17.7%. Segmentation analysis highlighted improvement after therapy; 57 patients were considered recovered, 14 improved, none were considered stable, whereas 5 patients demonstrated some worsening, 3 of whom had not presented disc dislocation before surgery. At T2, 71 patients were considered completely recovered or improved. Conclusions: Our data indicates beyond any doubt that both functional status and pain levels related to TMDs can be significantly improved with a multi-disciplinary approach. We concluded that surgeon's intervention need to be modified in the presence of presurgical TMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern physical therapy employs a wide range of methods, e.g. manual therapy, physical therapy, massage, physiotherapy, which are also successfully used in dental specialization. The main purpose of application of these methods is elimination of pain and increased muscle tone. The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of manual therapy in elimination of pain and increased muscle tone in patients with disorders of the stomatognathic system (SS). The study was conducted in a group of 26 women who reported SS pain and muscular rigidity in the face. Patients were diagnosed using various manual and instrumental techniques. Ten procedures of manual therapy of the masseter muscle were carried out. A VAS pain assessment was carried out after each treatment. After the treatment cycle was completed, electromyography was performed on patients' masseter muscles, and the range of jaw abduction was assessed. Manual therapy was proven to be an effective method of pain and increased muscle tone treatment in patients with an impairment of the SS. After a series of 10 treatments total pain relief and a decrease in the muscle tone were achieved, leading to an increase in the range of mandible abduction in all 26 female patients under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early detection of the most prevalent oral disease worldwide, i.e., dental caries, still remains as one of the major challenges in dentistry. The current dental standard of care relies on caries detection methods, such as visual inspection and x-ray radiography, which lack the sufficient specificity and sensitivity to detect caries at early stages of formation when they can be healed. We report on the feasibility of early caries detection in a clinically and commercially viable thermophotonic imaging system. The system incorporates intensity-modulated laser light along with a low-cost long-wavelength infrared (LWIR; 8 to 14 μm) camera, providing diagnostic contrast based on the enhanced light absorption of early caries. The LWIR camera is highly suitable for integration into clinical platforms because of its low weight and cost. In addition, through theoretical modeling, we show that LWIR detection enhances the diagnostic contrast due to the minimal LWIR transmittance of enamel and suppression of the masking effect of the direct thermal Planck emission. Diagnostic performance of the system and its detection threshold are experimentally evaluated by monitoring the inception and progression of artificially induced occlusal and smooth surface caries. The results are suggestive of the suitability of the developed LWIR system for detecting early dental caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Maximal opening of mouth is described as the greatest distance between incisal edge of maxillary central incisor to the incisal edge of mandibular central incisor, when the mouth is opened as wide as possible painlessly or as the inter incisal distance plus the overbite. Clinical measurement of normal range of Maximum Mouth Opening (MMO) in children is an important diagnostic criterion for evaluation of stomatognathic system, especially for those with temporomandibular and neurogenic dysfunctions. Aim: To determine the correlation of maximal mouth opening with age, sex, height, body weight and different facial types. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted on 434 children, who were randomly divided into three groups based on their age: Group I- children of age 6 to 8 years, Group II- children of age 8.1 to 10 years, Group III- children of age 10.1 to 12 years. For each child, the examiner took three readings of MMO in millimeters (mm) and the mean of the three readings was considered. Age, sex, standing height, body weight and facial type of each child were also recorded simultaneously. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between the different parameters. p-value <0.05 was the bench mark for statistical significance in the analysis. Descriptive and inferential analysis was done for the data using SPSS version 20.0. (SPSS 20, inc.; Chicago). Results: The estimated average MMO measured for girls and boys in the age range of 6-8 years, with a total sample size of 139, was 41.14 ± 4.29 mm and 42.16 ± 3.98mm respectively in euryprosopic face type. In leptoproscopic face type, it was 42.12 ± 4.54mm and 43.76 ± 3.80 mm in girls and boys respectively. In mesoproscopic face type, MMO measured was 41.77 ± 4.09mm and 42.51 ± 3.95 mm in girls and boys respectively. The estimated average MMO measured for girls and boys in the age range of 8.1-10 years, with a total sample size of 143, was 44.42+4.69mm and 43.30 ± 4.11 mm in euryprosopic face type. In leptoproscopic face type, it was 43.02 ± 3.92mm and 46.29 ±3.09mm in girls and boys respectively. In mesoproscopic face type, MMO measured was 42.50 ±4.32 and 42.80 ± 5.16 mm in girls and boys respectively. The estimated average MMO measured for girls and boys in the age range of 10.1-12 years, with a total sample size of 152, was 44.63 ± 5.28 mm and 45.80 ± 5.18 mm respectively in euryprosopic face type. In leptoproscopic face type, it was 45.76 ± 4.98 mm and 46.28 ± 4.68 mm in girls and boys respectively. In mesoproscopic face type, MMO measured was 45.32 ± 5.80 mm and 46.03 ± 5.86 mm in girls and boys respectively. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in MMO between males and females; with males having higher values in all age groups. MMO is seen to increase with age in a statistically significant manner. Significantly increased value of MMO was observed in leptoproscopic face type in comparison to euryproscopic and mesoproscopic face type for each age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Melnick-Needles Syndrome is rare congenital hereditary skeletal dysplasia caused by mutations in the FLNA gene, which codifies the protein filamin A. This condition leads to serious skeletal abnormalities, including the stomatognathic region. Case Presentation. This paper describes the case of a 13-year-old girl diagnosed with Melnick-Needles Syndrome presenting with different forms of skeletal dysplasia, such as cranial hyperostosis, short upper limbs, bowed long bones, metaphyseal thickening, genu valgum (knock-knee), shortened distal phalanges, narrow pelvis and shoulders, rib tapering and irregularities, elongation of the vertebrae, kyphoscoliosis, micrognathia, hypoplastic coronoid processes of the mandible, left stylohyoid ligament suggesting ossification, and dental development anomalies. Conclusion. Knowledge of this rare syndrome on the part of dentists is important due to the fact that this condition involves severe abnormalities of the stomatognathic system that cause an impact on the development of the entire face as well as functional and esthetic impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare oral health parameters in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected youth (PHEU). Methods: In a cross-sectional substudy within the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, participants were examined for number of decayed teeth (DT), Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT), oral mucosal disease, and periodontal disease (PD). Covariates for oral health parameters were examined using zero-inflated negative binomial regression and ordinal logistic regression models. Results: Eleven sites enrolled 209 PHIV and 126 PHEU. Higher DT scores were observed in participants who were PHIV [Adjusted Mean Ratio (aMR) = 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.5)], female [aMR = 1.4 (1.0–1.9)], had no source of regular dental care [aMR = 2.3 (1.5–3.4)], and had a high frequency of meals/snacks [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.9 (1.1–3.1)] and juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.6 (1.1–2.4)]. Higher DMFT scores were observed in participants who were older [≥19, aMR = 1.9 (1.2–2.9)], had biological parent as caregiver [aMR = 1.2 (1.0–1.3)], had a high frequency of juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.4 (1.1–1.7)] and a low saliva flow rate [mL/min, aMR = 0.8 per unit higher (0.6–1.0)]. Eighty percent had PD; no differences were seen by HIV status using the patient-based classifications of health, gingivitis or mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis. No associations were observed of CD4 count and viral load with oral health outcomes after adjustment. Conclusions: Oral health was poor in PHIV and PHEU youth. This was dismaying since most HIV infected children in the U.S. are carefully followed at medical health care clinics. This data underscore the need for regular dental care. As PHIV youth were at higher risk for cavities, it will be important to better understand this relationship in order to develop targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. We evaluated the intra- and interrater agreement and test-retest reliability of analyst derivation of swallow function variables based on repeated high resolution manometry with impedance measurements. Methods. Five subjects swallowed 10×10 mL saline on two occasions one week apart producing a database of 100 swallows. Swallows were repeat-analysed by six observers using software. Swallow variables were indicative of contractility, intrabolus pressure, and flow timing. Results. The average intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for intra- and interrater comparisons of all variable means showed substantial to excellent agreement (intrarater ICC 0.85–1.00; mean interrater ICC 0.77–1.00). Test-retest results were less reliable. ICC for test-retest comparisons ranged from slight to excellent depending on the class of variable. Contractility variables differed most in terms of test-retest reliability. Amongst contractility variables, UES basal pressure showed excellent test-retest agreement (mean ICC 0.94), measures of UES postrelaxation contractile pressure showed moderate to substantial test-retest agreement (mean Interrater ICC 0.47–0.67), and test-retest agreement of pharyngeal contractile pressure ranged from slight to substantial (mean Interrater ICC 0.15–0.61). Conclusions. Test-retest reliability of HRIM measures depends on the class of variable. Measures of bolus distension pressure and flow timing appear to be more test-retest reliable than measures of contractility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Looking for and treating the portal of entry (POE) of infective endocarditis (IE) is important, but published research on this topic is nonexistent.Objectives: The goal of this study was to systematically search for the POEs of present and potentially new episodes of IEs.Methods: Patients were systematically seen by a stomatologist, an ear, nose, and throat specialist, and a urologist; women were systematically seen by a gynecologist; patients were seen by a dermatologist when there were cutaneous and/or mucous lesions. Colonoscopy and gastroscopy were performed if the microorganism came from the gastrointestinal tract in patients ≥50 years of age and in those with familial histories of colonic polyposis. Treatment of the POE was systematically considered.Results: The POEs of the present IE episodes were identified in 74% of the 318 included patients. The most frequent POE was cutaneous (40% of identified POEs). It was mainly (62% of cutaneous POEs) associated with health care and with intravenous drug use. The second most frequent POE was oral or dental (29%). A dental infectious focus was more often involved (59% of oral or dental POEs) than a dental procedure (12%). POEs were gastrointestinal in 23% of patients. Colonic polyps were found in one-half of the patients and colorectal adenocarcinomas in 14%. Performance was good regarding the search for an oral or dental or a colonic potential POE, which were found in 53% and 40% of patients, respectively.Conclusions: Our search for the POEs of present IEs was often successful, as was searching for an oral or dental or a gastrointestinal POE of a new IE episode. We advise the systematic performance of stomatologic examinations in patients with IE and performance of colonoscopy in patients ≥50 years of age or at high risk for colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mesenchymal stem cells of dental pulp (DPSCs) were isolated and characterized for the first time more than a decade ago as highly clonogenic cells that were able to generate densely calcified colonies. Now, DPSCs are considered to have potential as stem cell source for orthopedic and oral maxillofacial reconstruction, and it has been suggested that they may have applications beyond the scope of the stomatognathic system. To date, most studies have shown that, regardless of their origin in third molars, incisors, or exfoliated deciduous teeth, DPSCs can generate mineralized tissue, an extracellular matrix and structures type dentin, periodontal ligament, and dental pulp, as well as other structures. Different groups worldwide have designed and evaluated new efficient protocols for the isolation, expansion, and maintenance of clinically safe human DPSCs in sufficient numbers for various therapeutics protocols and have discussed the most appropriate route of administration, the possible contraindications to their clinical use, and the parameters to be considered for monitoring their clinical efficacy and proper biological source. At present, DPSC-based therapy is promising but because most of the available evidence was obtained using nonhuman xenotransplants, it is not a mature technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To systematically search the literature and assess the available evidence for the influence of chin-cup therapy on the temporomandibular joint regarding morphological adaptations and appearance of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Materials and methods: Electronic database searches of published and unpublished literature were performed. The following electronic databases with no language and publication date restrictions were searched: MEDLINE (via Ovid and PubMed), EMBASE (via Ovid), the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, and CENTRAL. Unpublished literature was searched on ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register, and Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. The reference lists of all eligible studies were checked for additional studies. Two review authors performed data extraction independently and in duplicate using data collection forms. Disagreements were resolved by discussion or the involvement of an arbiter. Results: From the 209 articles identified, 55 papers were considered eligible for inclusion in the review. Following the full text reading stage, 12 studies qualified for the final review analysis. No randomized clinical trial was identified. Eight of the included studies were of prospective and four of retrospective design. All studies were assessed for their quality and graded eventually from low to medium level of evidence. Based on the reported evidence, chin-cup therapy affects the condylar growth pattern, even though two studies reported no significance changes in disc position and arthrosis configuration. Concerning the incidence of TMD, it can be concluded from the available evidence that chin-cup therapy constitutes no risk factor for TMD. Conclusion: Based on the available evidence, chin-cup therapy for Class III orthodontic anomaly seems to induce craniofacial adaptations. Nevertheless, there are insufficient or low-quality data in the orthodontic literature to allow the formulation of clear statements regarding the influence of chin-cup treatment on the temporomandibular joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Stomatologica Croatica is the property of Acta Stomatologica Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Stomatologica Croatica is the property of Acta Stomatologica Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Purpose of the Study: Psychological factors, particularly psychosocial stress, have been implicated as risk indicators for temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The aim of this study was to assess any differences in salivary cortisol concentration, scores of perceived stress scale (PSS), and scores of depression and distress between TMD patients and matched controls. Materials and Methods: This case-control study comprised two groups; the patient group consisted of 60 patients attending the Department of Fixed Prosthodontics at the Faculty of Dentistry who met the inclusion criteria (42 females and 18 males aged 19-44), whereas the control group was selected to match the patient group in number, age and sex. Two questionnaires were used for stress assessment: The PSS 10 and the psychosocial measure of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for TMD axis II. Salivary cortisol levels were measured by a competitive immunoenzymatic colorimetric method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA test, and independent t-test were used. Results: This study showed statistically significant differences between the patient group and the control group at the three measures of psychosocial stress (P < 0.05). Increased occurrence of this disorder in women has been observed. Conclusion: Psychosocial stress plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of TMD. Women are at increased risk of TMD when compared to men. Sub-types TMD patients approximately have the same level of stress. Muscle disorders were the most common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to describe and characterize alterations in orofacial individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 and to correlate these changes with clinical manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 and the muscular strength. Methods: the study included 24 individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1, 12 males and 12 females, aged between 14 and 50 years, matched by sex and age, with volunteers not affected by the disease. All subjects were evaluated for maximal handgrip force (Fmáx) and evaluated for orofacial motricity using the MBGR protocol. Results: the main findings of this study demonstrated that individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 had higher prevalence of abnormal structures phonoarticulatory and significant differences (p < 0.05), when compared to the control group in relation to body posture and speech organs, mobility, muscle tone, pain on palpation and stomatognathic functions. The total score of the test also showed Spearman correlation coefficient significant at 5% over Fmáx. Conclusion: patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 had a higher prevalence of phonoarticulatory changes with significant impacts on the functions of breathing, chewing, swallowing and speaking. These alterations were correlated with the reduction of systemic muscular strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to demonstrate the orthodontic treatment of malocclusions in dogs, a condition which can lead to cranio-mandibular and functional disorders of the stomatognathic system. The treatment involved the use of maxillofacialorthopaedic appliances, which type depended on the type of disorder and the degree of malocclusion. The applied treatment induced changes in the alveolar bone. Throughout the process of the treatment a great attention was paid to regular brushing off the orthodontic appliance using antiseptics for prophylactic prevention of inflammation of gingival tissue and the palate caused by food getting stuck in the spaces between the teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restoration of occlusion in patients with severely worn dentition is a challenging situation as every case is unique in itself. There is great apprehension involved in reconstructing debilitated dentition due to widely divergent views concerning the choice of an appropriate occlusal scheme for successful full mouth rehabilitation. This article is an overview of the various occlusal concepts/philosophies in full mouth rehabilitation which will help the clinician select an appropriate occlusal scheme for an individual case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction For chewing to occur properly, it is necessary that all oral structures are present and of normal standard. Objectives The aim of this study is to verify the presence of oral changes in smokers and the impact of the changes on masticatory function compared with individuals who never smoked. Methods Forty-eight subjects were evaluated, split into two study groups (24 subjects each) of current tobacco users and individuals who have never smoked. The variables halitosis, presence of lesions suggestive of caries and periodontal problems, number of teeth, classification of malocclusions according to angle, standard grinding food, chewing pattern, and speed of chewing were evaluated. Results There was no statistically significant difference in tooth loss between the groups, but the smokers had more losses manifesting malocclusion. Most smokers had halitosis and lesions suggestive of caries and periodontal problems; the halitosis was associated with the latter variable. Masticatory speed was also reduced significantly in these individuals compared with the control group when associated with occlusal alterations, in addition to grinding food with the tongue. No difference was observed regarding the chewing pattern. The presence of halitosis and periodontal problems were more common in those who smoke more than 20 years. Conclusion There is an association between smoking and dental changes, which cause increased masticatory changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Möbius syndrome (MS; VI and VII palsy) is a rare disease that in Brazil has a great frequency because of the use of misoprostol during pregnancy. Objective Verify if the speech and language performance of children with MS whose mothers reported use of misoprostol (Cytotec, Pfizer, Connecticut, USA) are different from the performance of children of mothers who did not report use. Methods The stomatognathic system beyond receptive and expressive language and speech was evaluated in children with MS, and their mothers were questioned whether they used misoprostol during the pregnancy. Results During the interview, 61.11% of mothers reported that they took misoprostol during the pregnancy. Most of the subjects (83.3%) whose mothers took misoprostol presented bilateral palsy beyond bad mobility of the tongue (90.9%) and speech disorders (63.6%). Conclusion The number of mothers who took misoprostol without knowing the risk for MS was great. The lack of facial expressions and speech disorders were common characteristics of the individuals with MS, whether themothers took misoprostol during the pregnancy or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]