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The European Parliament has approved new legislation, the Digital Services Act (DSA) and Digital Markets Act (DMA) to improve the functioning of the internal market of intermediary services in the European Union (EU) where there is a risk that the major so-called gatekeeper companies can exercise unfair control of core platform services. The purpose of this study was to investigate, what health information systems could be in the scopes of these acts and what requirements the acts may have for the production, the sale and the use of health information systems. The act texts were examined bearing in mind what types of health information systems exist and what their user bases are. Those health information systems that can belong or do not belong to the groups of systems regulated by the DMA and DSA were identified. The most relevant requirements for these systems were also identified from these acts. The result of the study is that these acts have only minor consequences for the healthcare information systems sector as they are not often intermediary (hosting) services in the meaning of the DSA or gatekeepers in the meaning of the DMA. The emerging digital healthcare platforms are most affected by the new DSA and secondly such peer support patient portals where patients can supply content for others to see. Apparently, no digital healthcare platform has yet reached such a size or a dominant role within the EU that it would fall under the scope of the DMA. The two above mentioned healthcare related intermediary services have due diligence obligations to remove illegal contents from their services and to treat their business and consumer customers fairly. The obligations include clear and fair terms and conditions, the provision of a single point of contact for users and authorities, content moderation, complaint handling, marking advertising clearly, annual reporting, and responding to the contacts from the authorities. The obligations increase when the size of the enterprise increases. It is still too early to produce healthcare information systems specific guidance to support the implementation of these two acts as the acts themselves and potential upcoming general guidance documents can serve the health information systems community sufficiently well. publishedVersion

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Artificial intelligence (AI) can have a significant positive impact on health and healthcare. AI can be used to improve the quality, efficiency and equity of health care. However, AI has the potential to have significant negative impacts. Therefore, AI medical applications should be designed and deployed in accordance with established guidelines and legislation. There may be gaps or questions in the current regulatory framework related to the interpretation and application of the existing regulatory framework to healthcare applications that include artificial intelligence solutions. Global standardization maintains a consistent approach and can reduce the burden on stakeholders when it comes to establishing regulatory frameworks, interpreting and complying with regulatory requirements. While AI is far from new, it has only recently become mainstream. This chapter outlines the research of the authors who are members of the Hoc Group on Application of AI Technologies in Health Informatics (ISO AHG2 TC215), which was formed by ISO Technical Committee 215 to define goals and directions for standardization in the field of AI in health care. acceptedVersion

Ever since the first publication of the standard communication protocol for computerassisted electrocardiography (SCP-ECG), prENV 1064, in 1993, by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), SCP-ECG has become a leading example in health informatics, enabling open, secure, and well-documented digital data exchange at a low cost, for quick and efficient cardiovascular disease detection and management. Based on the experiences gained, since the 1970s, in computerized electrocardiology, and on the results achieved by the pioneering, international cooperative research on common standards for quantitative electrocardiography (CSE), SCP-ECG was designed, from the beginning, to empower personalized medicine, thanks to serial ECG analysis. The fundamental concept behind SCP-ECG is to convey the necessary information for ECG re-analysis, serial comparison, and interpretation, and to structure the ECG data and metadata in sections that are mostly optional in order to fit all use cases. SCP-ECG is open to the storage of the ECG signal and ECG measurement data, whatever the ECG recording modality or computation method, and can store the over-reading trails and ECG annotations, as well as any computerized or medical interpretation reports. Only the encoding syntax and the semantics of the ECG descriptors and of the diagnosis codes are standardized. We present all of the landmarks in the development and publication of SCP-ECG, from the early 1990s to the 2009 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) SCP-ECG standards, including the latest version published by CEN in 2020, which now encompasses rest and stress ECGs, Holter recordings, and protocol-based trials. publishedVersion

Physical activity is a vital part of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). However, heart-healthy physical activity levels in people with cardiovascular disease drop significantly after CR. This exploratory study employs qualitative and survey methods within a co-creation approach. The aim is to understand the mechanisms of healthy behavior and habit formation in order to create a novel evidence-based (post-)rehabilitation approach that employs digital means to sustain long-term physical activity levels in people with cardiovascular disease.

Finland is a world leader in the use of public electronic services. Continuous improvement to competencies is a prerequisite for the success of digitalisation in the service development sector. The increasing use of information technology in health and social care needs to be taken into account in the education of the health and social care sector work force. The mandate of the national SotePeda 24/7 project is to identify and define the informatics competencies required for multidisciplinary education of this sector in Finland. The project has adapted international recommendations for use in the national context. The national recommendation covers 12 areas of competency and related content. In addition to defining competencies, the project has produced a toolbox of materials for use by educators of these topics in universities that cover applied sciences and lifelong learning. The results of the project are expected to significantly improve the preparedness of graduating health and social care and related engineering and business sector students to make full use information technology, all of which benefits the national health and social welfare system. publishedVersion

The quality of software is high in medical devices due to the strict regulatory requirements and their implementation in the software development processes through the use of the IEC 62304 standard. The goal of this standard revision project was to extend the scope of the standard to all health software and also to bring the requirements of the 12 year old standard back to the state-of-the-art including provisions for cybersecurity. The joint IEC/SC62A and ISO/TC215 project team revised the standard and adapted its risk management, usability, and security requirements to serve both the medical device industry and the overall health software industry. The resulting second version of the standard has gone through a multistage global voting process to achieve a consensus of the requirements to serve both these communities. The resulting standard has potential to have a major impact on the quality of software used in health care globally publishedVersion

Pirkanmaan sairaanhoitopiirin lääkintätekniikka on osa tietohallinnon ja teknologian vastuualuetta TAYS palvelukeskuksessa. Tietohallinto vastaa perustietotekniikan palveluiden lisäksi tietohallinnon palveluista, potilastietopalveluista ja tietohallinnon muutostöiden suunnittelusta. Lääkintätekniikka vastaa strategisista palveluista, kun taas operatiivisista palveluista vastaa Istekki Oy. Lääkintälaitteiden lainsäädäntö vaatii laitteiden laadun, turvallisuuden ja toiminnan mittaamista kvantitatiivisesti, minkä prosessinäkökulma mahdollistaa. Yhteiset toimintatavat kaikille tietoteknisille laitteille sairaanhoitopiirissä mahdollistavat tehokkaan ja turvallisen hoitoympäristön.Lääkintätekniikan ja tietohallinnon prosesseissa on paljon yhteisiä rajapintoja, sillä useat lääkintälaitteet ovat verkotettuja ja yhteydessä muihin laitteisiin. Verkotettujen lääkintälaitteiden elinkaaren aikainen ylläpito vaatii erikoisosaamista sekä tietotekniikasta että laitteen toiminnasta ja lainsäädännöstä. Lääkintätekniikan yhä enemmän digitalisoituessa tulisi huolehtia siitä, että prosesseja uudistetaan ja toimintatavoista pidetään kiinni yhteistyössä prosesseissa toimivien asiantuntijoiden kanssa. Lääkintälaitteiden elinkaaren hallinnalle on eduksi, jos palvelujen tuottaminen keskittyy sairaanhoitopiirissä samalle toimijalle.The Medical Technical Department of Pirkanmaa Hospital District is part of the Information Management Unit of the Hospital Service Center. Medical Technology is responsible of the strategic services, whereas Istekki Oy is responsible of the operative services of medical devices. Information Management Unit is responsible of the computer services, information management, patient information services and changes of information management. Medical devices are strictly regulated and the legislation requires quantitative measurements of quality, safety and functionality. This is possible by using a process approach of medical device management. Common policies for all interactive devices in the hospital district enables efficient and safe environment for healthcare.Medical technology and information management processes have common interfaces, since most of the current medical devices are in a network and connected to other devices. Medical devices connected to a network require maintenance with special competences from both computer sciences and medical devices functionalities, as well as legislation of medical devices. As digitalization makes progress also in medical technology, the organization should ensure that processes are being renewed and the policies are kept in cooperation with the medical technology professionals. Medical technology life cycle control benefits if the services are focused on one actor.

Henkilökohtaisen terveyden seuranta kasvattaa nopeasti suosiotaan. Laitteiden yhteentoimivuus on merkittävässä roolissa henkilökohtaisen terveyden seurannassa. Laiteliitynnät muodostavat perustan yhteentoimivuudelle. Standardoidut laiteliitynnät pyrkivät vähintään syntaktiseen yhteentoimivuuteen. Tässä artikkelissa selvitetään henkilökohtaisen terveyden seurantaan liittyviä laiteliityntästandardeja ja niiden käyttöä edistäviä organisaatioita. ISO/IEEE 11073 on merkittävin terveystekniikan laiteliityntästandardi joka on saanut taakseen kolmen merkittävän yleiskäyttöisen liityntästandardin, Bluetooth, USB, ja Zigbee, tuen. Sen merkittävin haastaja on IP‐tekniikan yleistyminen ja IP:n päälle kehitetyt yhteentoimivuusstandardit. Artikkelissa käydään lisäksi läpi standardeja kehittäviä organisaatioita ja pohditaan laiteliitynnän standardoinnin kehityssuuntia.

As citizens, we must all take responsibility for our own health to some extent, and recent developments in medical informatics have provided some valuable new ways to help us do that.This book presents the proceedings of the 2020 Special Topic Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI STC 2020), held for the first time as a virtual conference on 26 & 27 November 2020, due to restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.Entitled Integrated citizen centered digital health and social care – Citizens as data producers and service co-creators, this conference focused on the citizen-centered aspects of health informatics.This topic provided the opportunity for contributors to present innovative solutions to allow citizens to take greater responsibility for their health with the help of information and communication technology, and the 52 presented papers published here cover a wide range of areas under the broad, invited subject headings of: tools and technologies to support citizen-centered digital services; capacity building to enhance the development and use of digital services; confidentiality, data integrity and data protection to guarantee trustworthy services; citizen safety in digital services; effectiveness and impact of citizen-digital and integrated health and social services; evaluation approaches and methods for digital services; usability, usefulness and user acceptance of digital services; and guidelines for the successful implementation of digital services for citizens.Offering a current overview of research and applications, the book will be of interest to all those health professionals working to increase citizen use of digital healthcare.

Population-level studies confirm the existence of significant rates of overdiagnosis and overtreatment in a number of conditions, particularly those for which the screening of asymptomatic individuals is routine. The implication is that the possibility of being overdiagnosed and/or overtreated must be mentioned as a possible harm in generating informed consent and participation from the individual invited to be screened. But how should the rates of such preference-insensitive population-level phenomena be introduced into preference-sensitive individual decision making? Three possible strategies are rejected, including the currently dominant one that involves presenting the rates relevant to overdiagnosis and overtreatment as discrete pieces of information about a single criterion (typically condition-specific mortality). Extensive quotation from a review of cancer decision aids confirms that processing this complex and isolated information is not a practical approach. However, the task is unnecessary, since an outcome-focused multicriteria decision support tool will incorporate the effects of overdiagnosis and overtreatment – along with the effects of any underdiagnosis and undertreatment.

Empirical measures of ‘decision aid quality’, like normative ones, are of a formative construct and therefore embody interest-conflicted preferences in their criteria selection and weighting. The preferences of the International Patient Decision Aid Standards consortium distinguish the quality of the decision-making process and the quality of the choice that is made ‘(i.e., decision quality)’. The Decision Conflict Scale features heavily in their profile measure of the former and Decision Quality Instruments (DQIs), have been developed by members of the consortium to measure the latter. We confirm that both of these, and other components, like the higher-level measures, are preference-sensitive and interest-conflicted. Non-financial interest-conflicted preferences are endemic in healthcare research, policy-making, and practice. That they are inevitable means the main problem lies in the denial of this and attitude to and behaviour towards alternatives, equally interest-conflicted.

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Early detection of deterioration at hospitals could be beneficial in terms of reducing mortality and morbidity rates and costs. In this paper, we present a model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network used in deep learning to predict the illness severity of patients in advance. Hence, by predicting health severity, this model can be used to identify deteriorating patients. Our proposed model utilizes continuous monitored vital signs, including heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure automatically collected from patients during hospitalization. In this study, a short-time prediction using a sliding window approach is applied. The performance of the proposed model was compared with the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network, a feedforward class of neural network, based on R2 score and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) metrics. The results showed that the LSTM has a better performance and could predict the illness severity of patients more accurately.

Due to the safety and health related risks in using medical devices, they are regulated in most parts of the world. In the European Union medical devices regulation is undergoing a major redesign as of the writing of this thesis. Medical Device Regulation is the new regulation and it is entering into force May 25th 2020. By that date all medical devices in the market need to comply to the Medical Device Regulation. The current regulation is stated in the Medical Device Directive. The EU regulation classifies devices based on their functionality and risks in using the medical device. Most standalone software medical devices that are classified as class I in the Medical Device Directive will move up to class IIa, IIb or III in the Medical Device Regulation. The compliance to EU medical device regulation is proven with the quality management system documentation. For class I medical devices neither the Medical Device Directive or the Medical Device Regulation require a standardized quality management system and class I medical device manufacturers do not need an external audit prior to releasing the product to the market. For class IIa, IIb and III the Medical Device Regulation requires an external audit of the quality management system by an EU notified body prior to giving the medical device a CE-marking. Without the CE- marking medical devices cannot be placed in the market. The European Commission has worked together with international standardization organizations to publish harmonized standards that the manufacturers of medical devices can apply to their processes to reach compliance with the regulation. ISO 13485:2016 is the quality management system harmonized standard. This thesis studies the quality management system of KAMU Asthma, a standalone software medical device developed by KAMU Health Oy and classified as a Class I medical device under the Medical Device Directive. The problem is that KAMU Asthma will be classified as at least a class IIa medical device under the Medical Device Regulation and the current quality management system that is used for development of KAMU Asthma does not fulfill the requirements for a class IIa and up medical device classes. This thesis conducted a gap analysis to figure what parts of the current KAMU Asthma quality management system need updating to reach the require- ments of an ISO 13485 compliant quality management system and thus become compliant with the Medical Device Regulation. The documentation of the current quality management system was inspected and compared with the documentation requirements for an ISO 13485 compliant quality management system. ISO 13485 documentation requirements were listed on a document checklist and the checklist was filled with the applicable documentation of the current quality man- agement system. As the result of this thesis the rest of the ISO 13485 requirements can be fulfilled by implementing the rest of the requirements found on the ISO 13485 documentation checklist.

Riskienhallinnan rooli on korostunut organisaatioiden toiminnassa viime vuosina. Muutokset, kuten kasvavat tietojärjestelmät ja digitalisaatio asettavat haasteita riskienhallintaan, jonka vuoksi jatkuva kehittäminen on tärkeää. Tämän työn tavoitteena oli kehittää Pirkanmaan sairaanhoitopiirin (PSHP) lääkintätekniikan yksikön riskienhallintaa ja prosesseja viitekehyksen avulla. Viitekehyksen avulla oli tavoitteena löytää tapausesimerkeistä toimeenpantavia kehitysideoita. Taustana työlle toimi vuosittain päivitettävä riskienhallintapolitiikka, joka on osa koko PSHP:n strategista toimintaa. Yksi vuoden 2017 linjatuista tavoitteista on kehittää riskienhallintatoimenpiteiden toteutumista sekä niiden dokumentointia. Työssä tutkittiin erilaisia viitekehyksiä ja toimintamalleja, joiden avulla kirjallisuudessa on aikaisemmin kehitetty ja tutkittu julkisen ja yksityisen sektorin tietohallintoja. Pääasiassa tässä työssä käsiteltiin COBIT- ja COSO-ERM-viitekehyksiä sekä Tietohallintomallia. Aineistona työssä käytettiin PSHP:n toimialueiden tekemiä potilasturvallisuusilmoituksia (HaiPro). Tarkemmin käsittelyyn otettiin 4/2015–4/2017 välillä tehdyt laitteisiin liittyvät ilmoitukset, joiden pohjalta kehitettiin lääkintätekniikan yksikön osuutta ilmoitusten vastaanottamisessa ja käsittelyssä. Ongelmat lääkintätekniikan riskienhallinnassa ja potilasturvallisuusilmoituksissa liittyivät usean eri järjestelmän rinnakkaiseen käyttöön sekä vuoden 2017 alussa tapahtuneeseen organisaatiomuutokseen. Muutoksessa operatiiviset palvelut, kuten laitteiden huolto ja kunnossapito, siirtyivät Istekki Oy:lle. Muutoksen seurauksena linjaukset riskienhallinnassa ja ilmoitusten käsittelyssä vaativat päivittämistä. Ilmoituksissa selkeänä ongelmana oli HaiPro-työkalun ja lääkintätekniikan toiminnanohjausjärjestelmä EQU:n rinnakkainen käyttö, jonka vuoksi tiedonkulku ilmoittavan osaston ja lääkintälaitehuollon välillä osoittautui vaikeaksi. Valitun viitekehyksen COBIT 5:n avulla kehitettiin EQU-järjestelmällä tehtyä palvelupyyntöä niin, että tieto vaara- tai haittatapahtumasta saavuttaisi huoltohenkilöstön paremmin. Aineiston potilasturvallisuusilmoituksista selvisi, että osastojen hoitohenkilöstö tarvitsee enemmän koulutusta lääkintälaitteiden käyttöön sekä enemmän tukea ja ohjausta järjestelmien käytössä. Tämä tulisi huomioida erityisesti käynnissä olevissa uudishankkeissa, joiden myötä uusia laitteita, järjestelmiä ja toimintoja otetaan käyttöön.

The capacity of sleep clinics to evaluate all those that suffer from sleep disorders is very limited. The development of new home available methods of sleep analysis started to allow an affordable, extensive recording of sleep data. However, this data is hard to understand by users without extensive training and experience. In this work we aimed to determine if sonification (which has long been used as a way of representing hard to understand data) can be used to solve this challenge. We developed a new sonification methodology of sleep recordings by extracting relevant features from the EEG, EOG, EMG and oxygen saturation signals and their combination into functions that modulate characteristics of preexistent sounds. Results show that separability among classes for the sonification of sleep stages is quite high, and the respiratory and movement functions have generally higher values for unhealthy patients. Listening tests show that 8 out of 10 listeners were able to correctly identify all recordings as healthy or unhealthy, and all the participants would be willing to listen to these sounds on a regular basis. We concluded that sonification can be a very valuable tool in solving the data interpretation step of sleep recordings.

The use of information technology in healthcare services can improve the quality of care. The large amount of research has demonstrated the role of the use of Information and communication technology (ICT) solutions to overcome the challenges in patient information management. One of the challenges is the healthcare information sharing between providers. In high income countries, the challenge of exchanging information is almost solved. Nearly all high income countries have implemented a national healthcare network which connects healthcare providers in the whole country. Furthermore, European Union (EU) aims at the point of cross-border healthcare information exchange which supports the mobility of EU citizens. However, in developing countries, they are not yet ready to take the full advantage of ICT in their healthcare systems. The main objective of the thesis was to design the architecture of a national health information system for Rwanda, which is a developing country with limited resources. The research was based on three main issues: One was to determine existing health IT solutions in the healthcare system of Rwanda. The second one was to explore how other countries have developed their national health information systems (NHISs). The third was to find out how open source solutions can build a national network for a country. From the research, the components of the architecture have been defined and finally the architecture was designed. The research started by examining the current situation of ICT solutions in the healthcare system of Rwanda. This showed the progress in implementing certain electronic medical record systems in certain health facilities. However, there is no single hospital with a fully functional system. This step was followed by exploring how other countries implemented their NHIS and it showed that the process varies country by country. It was clear that in developing countries, open source solutions got a large market share contrary to developed countries where proprietary systems are the most used. Finally, open source solutions proved the capability to build a NHIS with different examples of robust open source solutions available in health IT nowadays. Although it would have been interesting, the thesis does not estimate the financial resources needed for the implementation of the architecture. It is possible to implement the NHIS for Rwanda by using both proprietary and open source solutions. However, the interoperability issue can be mitigated by minimizing different types of electronic medical records in healthcare facilities.

Tässä työssä luodaan järjestelmä, joka tunnistaa mobiililaitteen käyttäjän aktiviteetin kiihtyvyysanturin avulla. Tunnistettavat aktiviteetit ovat kävely, juoksu, pyöräily, passiivisuus ja muu liikunta. Tavoitteena on luoda järjestelmä, joka toimii huomaamattomasti mobiililaitteessa ja kerää jatkuvasti tietoa käyttäjän arkipäiväisestä aktiivisuudesta. Koska järjestelmän on tarkoitus toimia taustalla ilman, että käyttäjä erikseen ilmoittaa aktiviteetin alkaneen, on yksi suurimmista haasteista erottaa muut jokapäiväiset liikkeet ja toiminnot kuten mobiililaitteen normaali käyttö tunnistettavista aktiviteeteista. Työssä kiinnitetään erityistä huomiota myös järjestelmän resurssivaatimuksiin mobiililaitteen akkukulutuksen minimoimiseksi. Toteutettu järjestelmä käsittelee mobiililaitteen tarjoamaa kolmiulotteista kiihtyvyysaikasarjaa lyhyissä ikkunoissa. Ikkunasta irrotetaan joukko piirteitä, joiden avulla tilastollinen luokitin tekee alustavan luokituksen aktiviteetista. Tätä tulosta jalostetaan jälkikäsittelyalgoritmilla, joka ottaa huomioon useamman peräkkäisen luokituksen. Luokittimen koulutusdatan keräämiseen kiinnitettiin erityistä huomiota. Toteutettu järjestelmä asettaa kiihtyvyyssensorille erittäin vähän vaatimuksia. Järjestelmän vaatima 15 Hz:n näytteenottotaajuus on saatavilla lähes jokaisessa markkinoilla olevassa kiihtyvyysanturissa. Myös vaadittu ±2 g arvoalue on tarpeeksi pieni useimmille kiihtyvyysantureille. Toteutettu järjestelmä asettaa erittäin vähän vaatimuksia myös sensorin asennolle ja sijainnille käyttäjän vartalossa. Mobiililaitteen asennolla ei ole merkitystä, ja sen voi sijoittaa taskujen lisäksi jopa reppuun tai käsilaukkuun. Järjestelmän vaikutus akun kulutukseen on pieni. Lisäksi järjestelmä toteutettiin taustaprosessina, joka ei häiritse laitteen normaalia käyttöä millään tavalla. Järjestelmä tunnistaa passiivisuuden, kävelyn ja juoksun tarkasti. Koulutettu luokitin saavuttaa näille luokille 99 prosentin tunnistustarkkuuden työssä kerätyllä datajoukolla, joka sisältää 12 tuntia kävelyä, 3 tuntia juoksua ja 4,5 tuntia pyöräilyä yhteensä kahdeksalta eri henkilöltä. Myös pyöräilyn tunnistustarkkuus on hyvä, mutta asettaa mobiililaitteen sijainnille erityisvaatimuksia. Nämä erityisvaatimukset huomioiden myös pyöräilyn tunnistustarkkuus on lähes 98 prosenttia.

Tämä diplomityö käsittelee mobiililaitteita ja käytettävyyttä erilaisilla mobiililaitteilla. Työssä esitellään uusimmat ja yleisimmät mobiilikäyttöjärjestelmät ja perehdytään niiden sisältämiin ominaisuuksiin. Työssä pohditaan, mihin suuntaan nopeasti kehittyvät mobiilimarkkinat tulevat kehittymään muutaman seuraavan vuoden aikana. Teoksessa on kattava katsaus miellyttävän käytettävyyden kehittämiseksi erilaisille mobiililaitteille. Esille nousevat hyvä käytettävyys sekä hyvä käyttökokemus ja kuinka tällaiset asiat saadaan siirrettyä mobiililaitteille tarkoitettuun sovellukseen. Tärkeimpänä havaintona on huomioida mobiililaitteen rajoitukset niin fyysisessä koossa kuin suorituskyvyssäkin. Työssä pohditaan erilaisia ratkaisuja, joilla Internet-palvelua voitaisiin käyttää sujuvasti mobiiliympäristössä. Palvelu on mahdollista kehittää mobiiliselaimissa käytettäväksi, mutta se voi olla myös mobiilikäyttöjärjestelmään kehitetty natiivi sovellus. Työssä vertaillaan näiden eri lähestymistapojen eroavaisuuksia, esimerkiksi, mitä ominaisuuksia on mahdollista käyttää selainpohjaisesti ja mitä pystytään käyttämään vain natiivissa sovelluksessa. Myös tavoiteltava kohderyhmä vaikuttaa siihen, minkälaisella toimintasuunnitelmalla kannattaa aloittaa mobiilipalvelua toteuttamaan. Työn tueksi kehitettiin demototeutus mobiilista vuokra-asuntojen markkinapaikasta. Demototeutus toimii mobiiliselaimissa ja se auttaa hahmottamaan miellyttävän käytettävyyden merkitystä, kun palvelua käytetään suhteellisen pienellä mobiililaitteen näyttöruudulla. Lopuksi keskitytään asioihin, mitä tulee huomioida mobiilisovelluksen suunnittelussa ja hahmotellaan toimintasuunnitelmaa, kuinka vuokra-asuntoihin erikoistuneesta markkinapaikasta kehitetään mobiiliselaimelle optimoitu palvelu.