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13. Thermal performance of planktonic ciliates differs between marine and freshwaters: A case study providing guidance for climate change studies

Author

Lukić, Dunja; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-9831, Limberger, Romana, Agatha, Sabine; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3083-9782, Montagnes, David J S, Weisse, Thomas, Lukić, Dunja; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-9831, Limberger, Romana, Agatha, Sabine; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3083-9782, Montagnes, David J S, and Weisse, Thomas

Abstract

Predicting the performance of aquatic organisms in a future warmer climate depends critically on understanding how current temperature regimes affect the organisms’ growth rates. Using a meta-analysis for published experimental data, we calculated the activation energy (Ea) to parameterize the thermal sensitivity of marine and freshwater ciliates, major players in marine and freshwater food webs. We hypothesized that their growth rates increase with temperature but that ciliates dwelling in the immense, thermally stable ocean are closely adapted to their ambient temperature and have lower Ea than ciliates living in smaller, thermally more variable freshwater environments. The Ea was in the range known from other taxa but significantly lower for marine ciliates (0.390 ± 0.105 eV) than for freshwater ciliates (0.633 ± 0.060 eV), supporting our hypothesis. Accordingly, models aiming to predict the ciliate response to increasing water temperature should apply the environment-specific activation energies provided in this study.

Published
2022

24. Beyond the 'Code': A Guide to the Description and Documentation of Biodiversity in Ciliated Protists (Alveolata, Ciliophora)

Author

Fox Ramos, Alexander, Alcover, Charlotte, Evanno, Laurent, Litaudon, Marc, DUPLAIS, Christophe, Bernadat, Guillaume, Gallard, Jean-Francois, Jullian, Christophe, Mouray, Elisabeth, Loiseau, Philippe, Pomel, Sébastien, Poupon, Erwan, Champy, Pierre, Beniddir, Mehdi, Ortiz, Sergio, Dali-Yahia, Kamel, Vásquez-Ocmín, Pedro, Grougnet, Raphäel, Grellier, Philippe, Michel, Sylvie, Maciuk, Alexandre, Boutefnouchet, Sabrina, Warren, Alan, Patterson, David, Dunthorn, Micah, Clamp, John, Achilles-Day, Undine E.M., Aescht, Erna, Al-Farraj, Saleh, Al-Quraishy, Saleh, Al-Rasheid, Khaled, Carr, Martin, Day, John, Dellinger, Marc, El-Serehy, Hamed, Fan, Yangbo, Gao, Feng, Gao, Shan, Gong, Jun, Gupta, Renu, Hu, Xiaozhong, Kamra, Komal, Langlois, Gaytha, Lin, Xiaofeng, Lipscomb, Diana, Lobban, Christopher, Luporini, Pierangelo, Lynn, Denis, Ma, Honggang, Ma, Miroslav, Ma, Jacqueline, Ma, Seema, Ma, Robert, Ma, Mercedes, McMiller, Nettie, Montagnes, David, Nikolaeva, Svetlana, Ong'ondo, Geoffrey Odhiambo, Ma, Blanca, Purushothaman, Jasmine, Ma, Pablo, Rotterová, Johana, Ma, Luciana, Shao, Chen, Shen, Zhuo, Shi, Xinlu, Ma, Weibo, Stoeck, Thorsten, La Terza, Antonietta, Vallesi, Adriana, Ma, Mei, Weisse, Thomas, Wiackowski, Krzysztof, Wu, Lei, Xu, Kuidong, Yi, Zhenzhen, Zufall, Rebecca, Agatha, Sabine, Équipe 'Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles' BioCIS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Équipe 'Molécules Fluorées et Chimie Médicinale' BioCIS, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 'Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire' BioCIS, Universitat d'Alacant, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Chimie Organique, Médicinale et Extractive et Toxicologie Expérimentale (COMETE - UMR 8638), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Equipe Pharmacognosie (UMR 8638), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), National History Museum of London, Department of ecology, Universität Kaiserslautern, Austrian Museum, University of Huddersfield, Computer Science Department [Boston] (Boston University), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique (LMFA), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wuhan University [China], Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biological Sciences [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Shandong University, Institutions et Dynamiques Historiques de l'Économie et de la Société (IDHES), Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Universität Salzburg, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorios de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia-FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y FILOSOFIA, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Bio Sci, Univ Liverpool, and École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Databases, Factual, Cultivation, Best practice, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Invertebrados, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, Q1, Microbiología, Microbiology, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, taxonomy, 03 medical and health sciences, Documentation, morphology, Ciliophora, systematics, QH426, Phylogeny, molecular phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Grand Challenges, International research, Internet, Ecology, business.industry, Online database, Original Articles, Data science, type specimens, phylogenetics, Metadata, 030104 developmental biology, cultivation, Knowledge base, Original Article, nomenclature, business, information resources
Abstract

© 2017 The International Society of Protistologists.Recent advances in molecular technology have revolutionized research on all aspects of the biology of organisms, including ciliates, and created unprecedented opportunities for pursuing a more integrative approach to investigations of biodiversity. However, this goal is complicated by large gaps and inconsistencies that still exist in the foundation of basic information about biodiversity of ciliates. The present paper reviews issues relating to the taxonomy of ciliates and presents specific recommendations for best practice in the observation and documentation of their biodiversity. This effort stems from a workshop that explored ways to implement six Grand Challenges proposed by the International Research Coordination Network for Biodiversity of Ciliates (IRCN-BC). As part of its commitment to strengthening the knowledge base that supports research on biodiversity of ciliates, the IRCN-BC proposes to populate The Ciliate Guide, an online database, with biodiversity-related data and metadata to create a resource that will facilitate accurate taxonomic identifications and promote sharing of data.

Published
2017
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25. Bromeliothrix metopoides, a boom and bust ciliate (Ciliophora, Colpodea) from tank bromeliads

Author

Weisse, Thomas, Scheffel, Ulrike, Stadler, Peter, and Foissner, Wilhelm

Subjects
pH response, Tank bromeliads, Growth rates, Polytomella, Bromelia, Water, Bromeliothrix metopoides, Ciliophora, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Water Microbiology, Microbiology, Article, Feeding threshold
Abstract

We investigated the recently described colpodid ciliate Bromeliothrix metopoides in a series of laboratory experiments to reveal the environmental factors that constrain this species to its peculiar habitat, i.e. the tanks of bromeliads. Our results demonstrated that the various life stages of this ciliate (bacterivorous theronts and microstome trophonts, flagellate-feeding macrostomes) have specific demands in terms of food quality and quantity. Bromeliothrix required a high food threshold (1.4 mg CL(-1)) in order to thrive. Food quality also affected resting cyst formation of B. metopoides when the experimental containers dried out. Its maximum growth rates (μmax=4.71 d(-1), i.e., 6.8 doublings d(-1)) belong to the highest ones recorded thus far for free-living ciliates. The pH niche of B. metopoides was relatively wide (pH ∼4 to9) under optimal food conditions. However, its high sensitivity to unfavourable environmental conditions let the population collapse within several hours. We conclude that B. metopoides is a boom and bust ciliate that is specifically adapted to its peculiar habitat but virtually unviable in other environments.

Published
2013

28. Beyond the “Code”: A Guide to the Description and Documentation of Biodiversity in Ciliated Protists (Alveolata, Ciliophora)

Author

Warren, Alan, Patterson, David J., Dunthorn, Micah, Clamp, John C., Achilles Day, Undine E.M., Aescht, Erna, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Al-Quraishy, Saleh, Al-Rasheid, Khaled, Carr, Martin, G. Day, John, Dellinger, Marc, El-Serehy, Hamed A., Fan, Yangbo, Gao, Feng, Gao, Shan, Gong, Jun, Gupta, Renu, Hu, Xiaozhong, Kamra, Komal, Langlois, Gaytha, Lin, Xiaofeng, Lipscomb, Diana, Lobban, Christopher S., Luporini, Pierangelo, Lynn, Denis H., Ma, Honggang, Macek, Miroslav, Mackenzie-Dodds, Jacqueline, Makhija, Seema, Mansergh, Robert I., Martín Cereceda, María Mercedes, McMiller, Nettie, Montagnes, David J.S., Nikolaeva, Svetlana, Ong'ondo, Geoffrey Odhiambo, Pérez Uz, María Blanca, Purushothaman, Jasmine, Quintela Alonso, Pablo, Rotterová, Johana, Santoferrara, Luciana, Shao, Chen, Shen, Zhuo, Shi, Xinlu, Song, Weibo, Stoeck, Thorsten, Terza, Antonietta La, Vallesi, Adriana, Wang, Mei, Weisse, Thomas, Wiackowski, Krzysztof, Wu, Lei, Xu, Kuidong, Yi, Zhenzhen, Zufall, Rebecca, Agatha, Sabine, Warren, Alan, Patterson, David J., Dunthorn, Micah, Clamp, John C., Achilles Day, Undine E.M., Aescht, Erna, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Al-Quraishy, Saleh, Al-Rasheid, Khaled, Carr, Martin, G. Day, John, Dellinger, Marc, El-Serehy, Hamed A., Fan, Yangbo, Gao, Feng, Gao, Shan, Gong, Jun, Gupta, Renu, Hu, Xiaozhong, Kamra, Komal, Langlois, Gaytha, Lin, Xiaofeng, Lipscomb, Diana, Lobban, Christopher S., Luporini, Pierangelo, Lynn, Denis H., Ma, Honggang, Macek, Miroslav, Mackenzie-Dodds, Jacqueline, Makhija, Seema, Mansergh, Robert I., Martín Cereceda, María Mercedes, McMiller, Nettie, Montagnes, David J.S., Nikolaeva, Svetlana, Ong'ondo, Geoffrey Odhiambo, Pérez Uz, María Blanca, Purushothaman, Jasmine, Quintela Alonso, Pablo, Rotterová, Johana, Santoferrara, Luciana, Shao, Chen, Shen, Zhuo, Shi, Xinlu, Song, Weibo, Stoeck, Thorsten, Terza, Antonietta La, Vallesi, Adriana, Wang, Mei, Weisse, Thomas, Wiackowski, Krzysztof, Wu, Lei, Xu, Kuidong, Yi, Zhenzhen, Zufall, Rebecca, and Agatha, Sabine

Abstract

Recent advances in molecular technology have revolutionized research on all aspects of the biology of organisms, including ciliates, and created unprecedented opportunities for pursuing a more integrative approach to investigations of biodiversity. However, this goal is complicated by large gaps and inconsistencies that still exist in the foundation of basic information about biodiversity of ciliates. The present paper reviews issues relating to the taxonomy of ciliates and presents specific recommendations for best practice in the observation and documentation of their biodiversity. This effort stems from a workshop that explored ways to implement six Grand Challenges proposed by the International Research Coordination Network for Biodiversity of Ciliates (IRCN-BC). As part of its commitment to strengthening the knowledge base that supports research on biodiversity of ciliates, the IRCN-BC proposes to populate The Ciliate Guide, an online database, with biodiversity-related data and metadata to create a resource that will facilitate accurate taxonomic identifications and promote sharing of data., U.S. National Science Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2017

29. Functional ecology of aquatic phagotrophic protists–concepts, limitations, and perspectives

Author

Weisse, Thomas, Anderson, Ruth, Arndt, Hartmut, Calbet, Albert, Hansen, Per Juel, and Montagnes, David J. S.

Abstract

Functional ecology is a subdiscipline that aims to enable a mechanistic understanding of patterns and processes from the organismic to the ecosystem level. This paper addresses some main aspects of the process-oriented current knowledge on phagotrophic, i.e. heterotrophic and mixotrophic, protists in aquatic food webs. This is not an exhaustive review; rather, we focus on conceptual issues, in particular on the numerical and functional response of these organisms. We discuss the evolution of concepts and define parameters to evaluate predator-prey dynamics ranging from Lotka-Volterra to the Independent Response Model. Since protists have extremely versatilefeeding modes, we explore if there are systematic differences related to their taxonomic affiliation and life strategies. We differentiate between intrinsic factors (nutritional history, acclimatisation) and extrinsic factors (temperature, food, turbulence) affecting feeding, growth, and survival of protist populations. We briefly consider intraspecific variability of some key parameters and constraints inherent in laboratory microcosm experiments. We then upscale the significance of phagotrophic protists in food webs to the ocean level. Finally, we discuss limitations of the mechanistic understanding of protist functional ecology resulting from principal unpredictability of nonlinear dynamics. We conclude by defining open questions and identifying perspectives forfuture research on functional ecology of aquatic phagotrophic protists.

Published
2016
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32. Dispersal and phylogenetic diversity of nonmarine picocyanobacteria, inferred from 16S rRNA gene and cpcBA-intergenic spacer sequence analyses

Author

Crosbie, Nicholas D., Pockl, Matthias, and Weisse, Thomas

Subjects
Operons -- Genetic aspects, Operons -- Physiological aspects, Ribosomal RNA -- Genetic aspects, Cyanobacteria -- Physiological aspects, Cyanobacteria -- Genetic aspects, Cyanobacteria -- Environmental aspects, Phylogeny -- Analysis, Microbial populations -- Environmental aspects, Microbial populations -- Genetic aspects, Microbial populations -- Physiological aspects, Microbiology -- Research, Microbiology -- Environmental aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Research has been conducted on nonmarine picocyanobacteria. The authors have sequenced Synechococcus and Cyanobium isolates for their 16S rRNA gene and phycocyanin operon, and they report the existence of the clusters of nonmarine picocyanobacteria within the picoplankton clade.

Published
2003

33. Functional ecology of aquatic phagotrophic protists - Concepts, limitations, and perspectives

Author

Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Danish Council for Independent Research, Austrian Science Fund, Weisse, Thomas, Anderson, Ruth, Arndt, Hartmut, Calbet, Albert, Hansen, Per Juel, Montagnes, David J.S., Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Danish Council for Independent Research, Austrian Science Fund, Weisse, Thomas, Anderson, Ruth, Arndt, Hartmut, Calbet, Albert, Hansen, Per Juel, and Montagnes, David J.S.

Abstract

Functional ecology is a subdiscipline that aims to enable a mechanistic understanding of patterns and processes from the organismic to the ecosystem level. This paper addresses some main aspects of the process-oriented current knowledge on phagotrophic, i.e. heterotrophic and mixotrophic, protists in aquatic food webs. This is not an exhaustive review; rather, we focus on conceptual issues, in particular on the numerical and functional response of these organisms. We discuss the evolution of concepts and define parameters to evaluate predator–prey dynamics ranging from Lotka–Volterra to the Independent Response Model. Since protists have extremely versatile feeding modes, we explore if there are systematic differences related to their taxonomic affiliation and life strategies. We differentiate between intrinsic factors (nutritional history, acclimatisation) and extrinsic factors (temperature, food, turbulence) affecting feeding, growth, and survival of protist populations. We briefly consider intraspecific variability of some key parameters and constraints inherent in laboratory microcosm experiments. We then upscale the significance of phagotrophic protists in food webs to the ocean level. Finally, we discuss limitations of the mechanistic understanding of protist functional ecology resulting from principal unpredictability of nonlinear dynamics. We conclude by defining open questions and identifying perspectives for future research on functional ecology of aquatic phagotrophic protists

Published
2016

35. Ciliates — Protists with complex morphologies and ambiguous early fossil record

Author

Dunthorn, Micah, Lipps, Jere H., Dolan, John R., Abboud-Abi Saab, Marie, Aescht, Erna, Bachy, Charles, Barría de Cao, María Sonia, Berger, Helmut, Bourland, William A., Choi, Joong Ki, Clamp, John, Doherty, Mary, Gao, Feng, Gentekaki, Eleni, Gong, Jun, Hu, Xiaozhong, Huang, Jie, Kamiyama, Takashi, Johnson, Matthew D., Kammerlander, Barbara, Kim, Sun Young, Kim, Young-Ok, la Terza, Antonietta, Laval-Peuto, Michèle, Lipscomb, Diana, Lobban, Christopher S., Long, Hongan, Luporini, Pierangelo, Lynn, Denis H., Macek, Miroslav, Mansergh, Robert I., Martín Cereceda, María Mercedes, McManus, George G., Montagnes, David J.S., Ong'ondo, Geoffrey O., Patterson, David J., Pérez Uz, Blanca, Quintela Alonso, Pablo, Stoecker, Diane K., Strüder-Kypke, Michaela C., Trautmann, Isabelle, Utz, Laura R.P., Vallesi, Adriana, Vd'ačný, Peter, Warren, Alan, Weisse, Thomas, Wickham, Stephen A., Yi, Zhenzhen, Zhang, Wuchang, Zhan, Zifeng, Zufall, Rebecca, Agatha, Sabine, Dunthorn, Micah, Lipps, Jere H., Dolan, John R., Abboud-Abi Saab, Marie, Aescht, Erna, Bachy, Charles, Barría de Cao, María Sonia, Berger, Helmut, Bourland, William A., Choi, Joong Ki, Clamp, John, Doherty, Mary, Gao, Feng, Gentekaki, Eleni, Gong, Jun, Hu, Xiaozhong, Huang, Jie, Kamiyama, Takashi, Johnson, Matthew D., Kammerlander, Barbara, Kim, Sun Young, Kim, Young-Ok, la Terza, Antonietta, Laval-Peuto, Michèle, Lipscomb, Diana, Lobban, Christopher S., Long, Hongan, Luporini, Pierangelo, Lynn, Denis H., Macek, Miroslav, Mansergh, Robert I., Martín Cereceda, María Mercedes, McManus, George G., Montagnes, David J.S., Ong'ondo, Geoffrey O., Patterson, David J., Pérez Uz, Blanca, Quintela Alonso, Pablo, Stoecker, Diane K., Strüder-Kypke, Michaela C., Trautmann, Isabelle, Utz, Laura R.P., Vallesi, Adriana, Vd'ačný, Peter, Warren, Alan, Weisse, Thomas, Wickham, Stephen A., Yi, Zhenzhen, Zhang, Wuchang, Zhan, Zifeng, Zufall, Rebecca, and Agatha, Sabine

Abstract

Since ciliates rarely possess structures that easily fossilize, we are limited in our ability to use paleontological studies to reconstruct the early evolution of this large and ecologically important clade of protists. Tintinnids, a group of loricate (house-forming) planktonic ciliates, are the only group that has a significant fossil record. Putative tintinnid fossils from rocks older than Jurassic, however, possess few to no characters that can be found in extant ciliates; these fossils are best described as ‘incertae sedis eukaryotes’. Here, we review the Devonian fossil Nassacysta reticulata and propose that it is likewise another incertae sedis eukaryote due to the lack of any unambiguous ciliate characters. Future tintinnid fossil descriptions would be most helpful if: (i) neutral terminology is used in the descriptions but ciliate-specific terminology in the interpretations; (ii) the current ciliate classification is used, although fossil data may expand or modify classifications based on modern forms; (iii) close collaboration with specialists studying extant ciliates is done; and (iv) editors include an expert of extant ciliates in the review process., Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, National Science Foundation, Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2015

36. Life history traits and demographic parameters in the <italic>Keratella cochlearis</italic> (Rotifera, Monogononta) species complex.

Author

Cieplinski, Adam, Obertegger, Ulrike, and Weisse, Thomas

Subjects
TAXONOMY, SPECIES, DNA structure, HAPLOTYPES, BIODIVERSITY
Abstract

A recent study based on DNA taxonomy indicated that the widespread rotifer Keratella cochlearis comprises several evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). Identification of ESUs based on DNA taxonomy alone is problematic and usually requires morphological, demographic, and/or ecological evidence. We isolated three haplotypes belonging to two ESUs of K. cochlearis and conducted life table experiments to investigate if this genetic diversity is reflected in demography. We found significant differences between haplotypes in life history traits (average lifespan, number of offspring, and percent of rejected eggs) and in demographic parameters (instantaneous growth rate, generation time, and net reproductive rate of the populations). During the experiments, all the haplotypes produced abnormal females with a deformed lorica, which was never reported before in K. cochlearis. We also report the first case of an amphoteric female (producing both females and males) in K. cochlearis. We hypothesize that K. cochlearis haplotypes and thus ESUs may exhibit niche differentiation through their different life histories. The link between demographic parameters of K. cochlearis and niche utilization requires further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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41. Biomass and size structure of the scyphomedusa Aurelia aurita in the northwestern Black Sea during spring and summer.

Author

Weisse, Thomas and Gomoiu, Marian-Traian

Subjects
SCYPHOZOA, BIOMASS, SALINITY, LARVAE, MNEMIOPSIS, ZOOPLANKTON
Abstract

The abundance, biomass and size structure of the scyphomedusa, Aurelia aurita, was measured during two research cruises to the northwestern Black Sea (July–August 1995 and April–May 1997). Average biomass of Aurelia was relatively constant (132–179 g wwt m–2) throughout the investigation period and similar to previous years. Abundance and biomass at individual stations appeared to be unrelated to temperature and salinity when the latter exceeded ~13. Biomass was low at coastal stations in the plume of the Danube where depth was <20 m and salinity dropped to <11. The spring cruise (April–May) coincided with, or just followed the peak of strobilation. The summer cruise (July–August) took place near the beginning of planulae larvae release. The population size structure was dominated by small individuals in spring, while large medusae prevailed mainly in late summer. Aurelia was, on average, larger at deep water stations during summer, suggesting that per capita food supply was higher further offshore. The individual body mass increased from spring through summer. Accordingly, the volume (wet wt) to length (bell diameter) relation changed significantly. If all medusae measured throughout the seasons were pooled, volume (V, in cm3) was related to length (L, in cm) according to V = 0.08 L2.71, which is similar to measurements conducted in other coastal areas. In contrast to the common conjecture, we did not find inverse relations between biomasses of Aurelia and the combjelly Mnemiopsis leidyi. Preliminary feeding experiments indicate that Aurelia may feed upon small Mnemiopsis. The significance of indirect trophic relations and direct feeding interactions among the gelatinous zooplankton in the Black Sea has important consequences for the energy flow along the food web and, therefore, needs further study. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2000
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