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Understanding the diffusion of small molecules in polymer microsystems is of great interest in diverse fundamental and industrial research. Despite the rapidly advancing optical imaging and spectroscopic techniques, entities under investigation are usually limited to flat films or bulky samples. We demonstrate a route to in situ detection of diffusion dynamics in polymer micro-objects by means of optical whispering-gallery mode resonances. Through mode tracking, interactions between solvent molecules and polymer microspheres, including sorption, diffusion, and swelling can be quantitatively analyzed. A turning point of mode response is observed, while the diffusion exceeds the sub-wavelength-thick outermost layer as the radial extent of resonances and starts penetrating the inner core. The estimated solubility in the glassy polymer is consistent with the predicted value using Flory-Huggins theory. Besides, the non-Fickian contribution is analyzed in such a glassy polymer-penetrant system. Our work represents a high-precision and label-free approach to describing characteristics in diffusion dynamics.

Patterning is attractive for nanofabrication, electron devices, and bioengineering. However, achieving the molecular-scale patterns to meet the demands of these fields is challenging. Here, we propose a bubble-template molecular printing concept by introducing the ultrathin liquid film of bubble walls to confine the self-assembly of molecules and achieve ultrahigh-precision assembly up to 12 nanometers corresponding to the critical point toward the Newton black film limit. The disjoining pressure describing the intermolecular interaction could predict the highest precision effectively. The symmetric molecules exhibit better reconfiguration capacity and smaller preaggregates than the asymmetric ones, which are helpful in stabilizing the drainage of foam films and construct high-precision patterns. Our results confirm the robustness of the bubble template to prepare molecular-scale patterns, verify the criticality of molecular symmetry to obtain the ultimate precision, and predict the application potential of high-precision organic patterns in hierarchical self-assembly and high-sensitivity sensors.

Miniaturized lasers with multicolor output and high spectral purity are indispensable for various ultracompact photonic devices. Here, we propose an optically reconfigurable Forster resonance energ...

Synthesis of single-crystalline micro/nanostructures with curved shapes is essential for developing extraordinary types of optoelectronic devices. Here, we use the strategy of liquid-phase nonconfinement growth to controllably synthesize edge-curved molecular microcrystals on a large scale. By varying the molecular substituents on linear organic conjugated molecules, it is found that the steric hindrance effect could minimize the intrinsic anisotropy of molecular stacking, allowing for the exposure of high-index crystal planes. The growth rate of high-index crystal planes can be further regulated by increasing the molecular supersaturation, which is conducive to the cogrowth of these crystal planes to form continuously curved-shape microcrystals. Assisted by nonrotationally symmetric geometry and optically smooth curvature, edge-curved microcrystals can support low-threshold lasing, and self-focusing directional emission. These results contribute to gaining an insightful understanding of the design and growth of functional molecular crystals and promoting the applications of organic active materials in integrated photonic devices and circuits.

Flexible laser display is a critical component for an information output port in next-generation wearable devices. So far, the lack of appropriate display panels capable of providing sustained operation under rigorous mechanical conditions impedes the development of flexible laser displays with high reliability. Owing to the multiple scattering feedback mechanism, random lasers render high mechanical flexibility to withstand deformation, thus making them promising candidates for flexible display planes. However, the inability to obtain pixelated random laser arrays with highly ordered emissive geometries hinders the application of flexible laser displays in the wearable device. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate a mass fabrication strategy of full-color random laser arrays for flexible display panels. The feedback closed loops can be easily fulfilled in the pixels by multiple scatterings to generate durative random lasing. Due to the sustained operation of random laser, the display performance was well-maintained under mechanical deformations, and as a result, a flexible laser display panel was achieved. Our finding will provide a guidance for the development of flexible laser displays and laser illumination devices.

Switchable multimode microlasers are of great significance to the development of photonic devices with high integration levels. Herein, we demonstrate an acid/alkaline gas-responsive multimode AIEgen@starch microsphere-based microlaser. The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active fluorescent dye ASCPI was used as the gain medium in this study. ASCPI was weakly emissive in water but became highly emissive when introduced to a starch microsphere as a guest molecule. The resultant ASCPI@starch microsphere worked well as a typical whispering-gallery-mode microlaser. The laser mode wavelengths were size-dependent. Due to the sensitivity of ASCPI to pH, the output of the microlaser could be switched to a shorter wavelength by acetic acid vapor treatment or a longer wavelength by NH3 vapor treatment. This work will provide useful enlightenment for the rational design of effective switchable lasers using AIE materials with simple preparation procedures.

Efficient radiative recombination is essential for perovskite luminescence, but the intrinsic radiative recombination rate as a basic material property is challenging to tailor. Here we report an interfacial chemistry strategy to dramatically increase the radiative recombination rate of perovskites. By coating aluminum oxide on the lead halide perovskite, lead-oxygen bonds are formed at the perovskite-oxide interface, producing the perovskite surface states with a large exciton binding energy and a high localized density of electronic state. The oxide-bonded perovskite exhibits a ≈500 fold enhanced photoluminescence with a ≈10 fold reduced lifetime, indicating an unprecedented ≈5000 fold increase in the radiative recombination rate. The enormously enhanced radiative recombination promises to significantly promote the perovskite optoelectronic performance.

Tuneable microlasers that span the full visible spectrum, particularly red, green, and blue (RGB) colors, are of crucial importance for various optical devices. However, RGB microlasers usually operate in multimode because the mode selection strategy cannot be applied to the entire visible spectrum simultaneously, which has severely restricted their applications in on-chip optical processing and communication. Here, an approach for the generation of tuneable multicolor single-mode lasers in heterogeneously coupled microresonators composed of distinct spherical microcavities is proposed. With each microcavity serving as both a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonator and a modulator for the other microcavities, a single-mode laser has been achieved. The colors of the single-mode lasers can be freely designed by changing the optical gain in coupled cavities owing to the flexibility of the organic materials. Benefiting from the excellent compatibility, distinct color-emissive microspheres can be integrated to form a heterogeneously coupled system, where tuneable RGB single-mode lasing is realized owing to the capability for optical coupling between multiple resonators. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the lasing modulation that might lead to innovation in structure designs for photonic integration., Lasers: Generating all colors in a better mode A system for improved control over laser light emission generates any frequency in the visible spectrum, creating what is termed a red, green and blue (RGB) laser, in the advantageous form known as ‘single-mode’ lasing. Most RGB lasers deliver ‘multimode’ signals, in which the light is distributed among several wavelengths around the central most intense and desired wavelength. The preferable single-mode RGB lasing has been developed by researchers in China, led by Yong Sheng Zhao at the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. It uses closely coupled organic (carbon compound-based) microcavities as the regions in which the light is generated and amplified, delivering single frequencies of tunable laser light. This innovation will open new possibilities for using RGB lasing in optical processing and communications systems.

Photonic barcodes have attracted extensive attention due to their promising applications in multiplexed high throughput bioassays, item tracking, information security, etc. Organic luminescent materials, capable of assembling into various micro/nanostructures as a result of their outstanding processability, afford a fundamental model for designing novel micro/nanoscale photonic barcodes. In this highlight, we review recent advances in micro/nanoscale photonic barcodes based on organic materials. This highlight starts by introducing the significance of tiny photonic barcodes and discussing why organics have become dominant. Then we present the research progress on organic photonic barcodes in terms of a series of strategies including graphical encoding, spectroscopic encoding and a combination of them both. In the following part, we focus on the construction of covert photonic barcodes based on near-infrared luminescence and responsive excited state processes, which have shown great potential in advanced anti-counterfeiting. Finally, we present our views on the current challenges and the future development of organic micro/nanoscale photonic barcodes. We believe that a comprehensive understanding on this topic would significantly contribute to the advancement of organic photonic barcodes for a broad range of applications.

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are crucial for the development of next generation information and communication technologies. However, the ohmic losses inherent to all plasmonic devices seriously limit their practical application in on-chip photonic communications. Here, loss compensation of SPPs and their application in photonic logic processing was demonstrated in rationally designed organic/silver nanowire heterostructures. The heterostructures were synthesized by inserting silver nanowires (AgNWs) into crystalline organic microwires, which served as a microscale optical gain medium. These heterostructures with large organic/metal interfacial areas ensured the efficient energy transfer from excitons to SPPs. Gain for subwavelength SPPs in the heterostructure was achieved through stimulated emission of strongly confined SPPs. Furthermore, cascade gain was performed to realize basic nanoscale photonic devices, such as Boolean logic units. The results would pave an alternative avenue to incorporating SPP-enhanced devices into hybrid photonic circuitry.

Circularly polarized light (CPL) detection has emerged as a key technology for various optoelectronics. Chiral hybrid perovskites (CHPs) that combine CPL‐sensitive absorption induced by chiral organic ligands and superior photoelectric properties of perovskites are promising candidates for direct CPL detection. To date, most of the CHP detectors are made up of polycrystalline thin‐film, which results in a rather limited discrimination of CPL due to the existence of redundant impurities and intrinsic defect states originating from rapid crystallization process. Here, it is developed a direct CPL detector with high photocurrent and polarization selectivity based on low‐defect CHP single‐crystal nanowire arrays. Large‐scale CHP nanowires are obtained through a micropillar template‐assisted capillary‐bridge rise approach. Thanks to the high crystallinity and ordered crystallographic alignment of these arrays, a CPL photodetector with high light on/off ratio of 1.8 × 104, excellent responsivity of 1.4 A W−1, and an outstanding anisotropy factor of 0.24 for photocurrent has been achieved. These results would provide useful enlightenment for direct CPL detection in high‐performance chiral optoelectronics., An efficient circularly polarized light (CPL) detector is demonstrated with large‐scale chiral hybrid perovskite (CHP) nanowire arrays. Based on the high photocurrent and polarization selectivity of CHP single‐crystals, high‐performance CPL detectors with high light on/off ratio and excellent polarization distinguishability through arranging such single‐crystalline CHP nanowires into low‐defect arrays are achieved.

Development of highly efficient and stable lateral organic circularly polarized light photodetector is a fundamental prerequisite for realization of circularly polarized light integrated applications. However, chiral semiconductors with helical structure are usually found with intrinsically low field-effect mobilities, which becomes a bottleneck for high-performance and multi-wavelength circularly polarized light detection. To address this problem, here we demonstrate a novel strategy to fabricate multi-wavelength circularly polarized light photodetector based on the donor-acceptor heterojunction, where efficient exciton separation enables chiral acceptor layer to provide differentiated concentration of holes to the channel of organic field-effect transistors. Benefitting from the low defect density at the semiconductor/dielectric interface, the photodetectors exhibit excellent stability, enabling current roll-off of about 3–4% over 500 cycles. The photocurrent dissymmetry value and responsivity for circularly polarized light photodetector in air are 0.24 and 0.28 A W−1, respectively. We further demonstrate circularly polarized light communication based on a real-time circularly polarized light detector by decoding the light signal. As the proof-of-concept, the results hold the promise of large-scale circularly polarized light integrated photonic applications.

Organic composite materials have been attracting extensive research interest for light‐emitting applications. A wide variety of luminescent organic composite materials have been synthesized, which are of great significance for both the investigation of basic photophysics and the realization of high‐performance photonic devices. Function‐oriented syntheses of luminescent organic composite materials rely on the understanding and manipulating of molecular excited states. In this review, we focus on the discussion about the structure design and dynamics modulation of the electronic excited states in the organic composite materials. The excited‐state structures and dynamics involve singlet/triplet levels, vibronic transition, charge transfer, and energy transfer, and so on, while the light‐emitting behaviors include fluorescence, phosphorescence, persistent luminescence, electroluminescence, and lasing. We aim to give insight into the relationship between light‐emitting properties and excited states of organic composite materials, which is beneficial for reaching higher tiers of design and applications of luminescent organic composite materials.

We present herein an innovative host–guest method to achieve induced molecular chirality from an achiral stilbazolium dye (DSM). The host–guest system is exquisitely designed by encapsulating the dye molecule in the molecule-sized chiral channel of homochiral lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (P-(+)/M-(−)-TbBTC), in which the P- or M-configuration of the dye is unidirectionally generated via a spatial confinement effect of the MOF and solidified by the dangling water molecules in the channel. Induced chirality of DSM is characterized by solid-state circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and micro-area polarized emission of DSM@TbTBC, both excited with 514 nm light. A luminescence dissymmetry factor of 10−3 is obtained and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the encapsulated DSM in DSM@TbTBC is ∼10%, which is close to the PLQY value of DSM in dilute dichloromethane. Color-tuning from green to red is achieved, owing to efficient energy transfer (up to 56%) from Ln3+ to the dye. Therefore, this study for the first time exhibits an elegant host–guest system that shows induced strong CPL emission and enables efficient energy transfer from the host chiral Ln-MOF to the achiral guest DSM with the emission color tuned from green to red., Homochiral Ln-MOFs are synthesized to encapsulate achiral dyes to induce strong circularly polarized luminescence with a luminescence dissymmetry factor of 10−3.

Exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensation (EP BEC) is of crucial importance for the development of coherent light sources and optical logic elements, as it creates a new state of matter with coherent nature and nonlinear behaviors. The demand for room temperature EP BEC has driven the development of organic polaritons because of the large binding energies of Frenkel excitons in organic materials. However, the reliance on external high-finesse microcavities for organic EP BEC results in poor compactness and integrability of devices, which restricts their practical applications in on-chip integration. Here, we demonstrate room temperature EP BEC in organic single-crystal microribbon natural cavities. The regularly shaped microribbons serve as waveguide Fabry–Pérot microcavities, in which efficient strong coupling between Frenkel excitons and photons leads to the generation of EPs at room temperature. The large exciton–photon coupling strength due to high exciton densities facilitates the achievement of EP BEC. Taking advantages of interactions in EP condensates and dimension confinement effects, we demonstrate the realization of controllable output of coherent light from the microribbons. We hope that the results will provide a useful enlightenment for using organic single crystals to construct miniaturized polaritonic devices., The use of room temperature exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensation is limited by the need for external high-finesse microcavities. The authors generate room temperature EPs with single-crystal microribbons as waveguide Fabry–Pérot microcavities, and demonstrate controllable output of coherent light.

Summary Electrically pumped organic lasers have been eagerly sought for several decades, although they have not been fully demonstrated yet. Recently, impressive progresses have been made with respect to molecular design, theoretical prediction, and device fabrication for light-emitting organic semiconductors. In this perspective, we outline the key issues of balanced optical gain, carrier mobility, and excitonic losses as well as other challenges associated with electrical pump of organic lasers after examining the breakthroughs made in recent efforts. Then, we provide a concise overview of several potential solutions to the challenges from the viewpoint of lasing principle by exploring the relationship between lasing emissions and molecular structures, device engineering, and exciton dynamics, which might stand out as the most promising way toward the pursuit of electrically driven lasing with organic semiconductors.

This is an introduction to the special issue of Optical Materials Express on Halide Perovskites for Photonics and Optoelectronics.

Background/Aim: Protective benefits of indoor air filtration in areas with high pollution levels are not fully understood. This study aims to examine whether short-term air filtration intervention ...

Modern high-security cryptography and optical communication call for covert bit sequences with high coding capacity and efficient authentication. Stimuli-responsive lasing emissions with easily distinguishable readout are promising in the coding field as a novel cryptographic primitive, while the application is frequently restricted by the limited number of emission states. Here, we report a strategy of achieving multiple competitive lasing signals in responsive organic microspheres where a donor–acceptor pair was introduced. The competitive lasing from the donor and acceptor was reversibly switched by modulating the competition between the radiative rate of the donor and the rate of energy transfer, and the generated multiple lasing signals enabled a quaternary coding for recognizable cryptographic implementation. Data encryption and extraction were demonstrated using a 4 × 4 microlaser array, showing vast prospects in avoiding the disclosure of security information. The results offer a comprehensive understanding of excited-state dynamics in organic composite materials, which may play a major role in high-security optical recording and information encryption.

Batch experiments were designed to ascertain the morphology and valence of chromium in the reduction of hexavalent chromium with syrup under different pH conditions. Results indicated that the syrup reduced hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, and the existing forms of Cr were mainly Cr(OH)3, CrOOH and CrOOH–Fe. The percentage of Fe–Mn oxide-bound state was 29.28%, 29.28%, 22.22% and 20.12%, respectively, and the percentage of organic binding state was 64.71%, 66.58%, 74.74% and 73.14%, respectively, in the reaction systems at different pH (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 5.6) conditions.

Micro/nanoscale lasers that can deliver intense coherent light signals at (sub)wavelength scale have attracted great interest because of their promising applications ranging from on-chip information processing to high-throughput sensing. Compared with traditional inorganic materials, organic materials are ideal platforms to construct high performance microlasers, mainly because of their superiority in flexibly assembled structures for high-quality microcavities and abundant excited-state processes with large active cross sections for high gain emissions. This review begins with an overview of the research evolution of organic microlasers in terms of microcavity resonators and energy-level gain. Then a series of strategies to tailor the microcavity structures and excited-state dynamics of organic materials for the modulation of lasing performances are highlighted. Subsequently, we present the design and construction of organic-microlaser-based hybrid structures with advanced photonic functionalities. In the following part, we introduce their applications in chemical sensing, biosensing and integrated nanophotonics. Finally, we provide our outlook on the current challenges as well as the future direction of organic microlasers. It is anticipated that this review will provide inspiration for the development of miniaturized lasers with desired performances by tailoring of excited-state processes and microcavity structures toward practical applications.

Objective: To analysis the risk factors of nonsurgical vertebral refracture by making retrospectively study about patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) had accepted vertebroplasty.Methods: From June 2016 to December 2017, there were 161 cases of OVCF patients were treated with single-segment vertebroplasty in our department, and follow-up data including age, gender, bone density, bone cement volume, bone cement puncture route, bone cement leakage and vertebral refracture were collected.T-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the possible risk factors for postoperative vertebral refracture.Results: Among 161 patients treated with vertebroplasty, 19 of them had refracture. Among the refracture group, including 2 males and 17 females,bone density (-3.49 + 0.20) in the refracture group, and bone density (-2.95 + 0.57) in the nonrefracture group.The difference was statistically significant (t=-4.162,PRead Complete Article at ijSciences: V72018121896 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.1896

Wavelength-tunable lasers were experimentally achieved through exciton funneling in light-harvesting organic microcrystals., Organic solid-state lasers are essential for various photonic applications, yet current-driven lasing remains a great challenge. Charge transfer (CT) complexes formed with p-/n-type organic semiconductors show great potential in electrically pumped lasers, but it is still difficult to achieve population inversion owing to substantial nonradiative loss from delocalized CT states. Here, we demonstrate the lasing action of CT complexes based on exciton funneling in p-type organic microcrystals with n-type doping. The CT complexes with narrow bandgap were locally formed and surrounded by the hosts with high-lying energy levels, which behave as artificial light-harvesting systems. Excitation light energy captured by the hosts was delivered to the CT complexes, functioning as exciton funnels to benefit lasing actions. The lasing wavelength of such composite microcrystals was further modulated by varying the degree of CT. The results offer a comprehensive understanding of exciton funneling in light-harvesting systems for the development of high-performance organic lasing devices.

Predicting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) solubility in ionic liquids (ILs) is vital for industrial gas desulphurization. In this work, the qualitative analysis of the influence of cations and anions on the H2S solubility in ILs has been conducted. The results indicate that anions play an important role in determining the H2S solubility in ILs. Subsequently, two novel quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models are developed based on charge distribution area (Sσ-profile) descriptors and an extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm. To develop the QSPR models, a total of 1282 pieces of data belonging to 27 ILs are employed to validate the models. The average absolute relative deviation (AARD%) and coefficient of determination (R2) of the two QSPR models of the entire data set are 3.73% and 0.998, as well as 3.80% and 0.997, respectively. These results suggest that the proposed QSPR models can be useful for the prediction of H2S solubility in ILs.

Developing low-cost, durable, and high-performance materials for the separation of water/oil mixtures (free oil/water mixtures and emulsions) is critical to wastewater treatment and resource recovery. However, this currently remains a challenge. In this work, we report a biopolymer microfiber assembly, fabricated from the recovery of tissue waste, as a low-cost and high-performance filter for oily wastewater treatment. The microfiber filters demonstrate superhydrophilicity (water contact angle of 28.8&deg, ) and underwater superoleophobicity (oil contact angle of 154.2&deg, ), and thus can achieve separation efficiencies of &gt, 96% for both free oil/water mixtures and surfactant-stabilized emulsions even in highly acidic (pH 2.2)/alkaline (pH 11.8) conditions. Additionally, the prepared microfiber filters possess a much higher resistance to oil fouling than conventional membranes when filtering emulsions, which is because the large-sized 3D interconnected channels of the filters can delay the formation of a low-porosity oil gel layer on their surface. The filters are expected to practically apply for the oily wastewater treatment and reduce the amount of tissue waste entering the environment.

Laser displays, which exploit characteristic advantages of lasers, represent a promising next-generation display technology based on the ultimate visual experience they provide. However, the inability to obtain pixelated laser arrays as self-emissive full-color panels hinders the application of laser displays in the flat-panel sector. Due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and processability, organic materials have great potential for the production of periodically patterned multi-color microlaser arrays. Here, we demonstrate for the first time full-color laser displays on precisely patterned organic red-green-blue (RGB) microlaser matrices through inkjet printing. Individual RGB laser pixels are realized by doping respective luminescent dyes into the ink materials, resulting in a wide achievable color gamut 45% larger than the standard RGB space. Using as-prepared microlaser arrays as full-color panels, we achieve dynamic laser displays for video playing through consecutive beam scanning. These results represent a major step towards full-color laser displays with outstanding color expression., In the next generation of display technology for portable devices, lasers could replace LEDs to achieve more vibrant colours. Here, Zhao et al. demonstrate a dynamic full-color display in which each pixel is made up of three printed organic microlasers to cover the RGB space.

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, with large second-order nonlinear susceptibility, are currently growing as an ideal candidate for fulfilling tunable nanoscale coherent light through the second-order nonlinear optical parametric processes. However, the atomic thickness of 2D layered materials leads to poor field confinement and weak light-matter interaction at nanoscale, resulting in low nonlinear conversion efficiency. Here, hybrid three-dimensional (3D) spiral WSe 2 plasmonic structures are fabricated for highly efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) based on the enhanced light-matter interaction in hybrid plasmonic structures. The 3D spiral WSe 2 , with AA lattice stacking, exhibits efficient SH radiation due to the constructive interference of nonlinear polarization between the neighboring atomic layers. Thus, extremely high external SHG conversion efficiency (about 2.437×10 −5 ) is achieved. Moreover, the ease of phase-matching condition combined with the enhanced light-matter interaction in hybrid plasmonic structure brings about efficient SHG and SFG simultaneously. These results would provide enlightenment for the construction of typical structures for efficient nonlinear processes.

Asymmetric photon transport was experimentally realized in a single organic semiconductor nanowire., The ability to steer the flow of light toward desired propagation directions is critically important for the realization of key functionalities in optical communication and information processing. Although various schemes have been proposed for this purpose, the lack of capability to incorporate an external electric field to effectively tune the light propagation has severely limited the on-chip integration of photonics and electronics. Because of the noninteractive nature of photons, it is only possible to electrically control the flow of light by modifying the refractive index of materials through the electro-optic effect. However, the weak optical effects need to be strongly amplified for practical applications in high-density photonic integrations. We show a new strategy that takes advantage of the strong exciton-photon coupling in active waveguides to effectively manipulate photon transport by controlling the interaction between excitons and the external electric field. Single-crystal organic semiconductor nanowires were used to generate highly stable Frenkel exciton polaritons with strong binding and diffusion abilities. By making use of directional exciton diffusion in an external electric field, we have realized an electrically driven asymmetric photon transport and thus directional light propagation in a single nanowire. With this new concept, we constructed a dual-output single wire–based device to build an electrically controlled single-pole double-throw optical switch with fast temporal response and high switching frequency. Our findings may lead to the innovation of concepts and device architectures for optical information processing.

A series of dialkoxybenzo[j]fluoranthene derivatives were readily and efficiently synthesized in gram scale starting from the commercial 6- or 7-methoxy-1-tetralone. The crystal structures of the BjF derivatives were described, and their structure–optical properties in solution and in the solid state were investigated. Moreover, this kind of organic material also exhibited excellent optical waveguide behavior owing to their large Stokes shifts and high crystallinity.

Dual-color single-mode nanolasers were experimentally achieved in axially coupled organic nanowire heterogeneous resonators., Miniaturized lasers with multicolor output and high spectral purity are of crucial importance for yielding more compact and more versatile photonic devices. However, multicolor lasers usually operate in multimode, which largely restricts their practical applications due to the lack of an effective mode selection mechanism that is simultaneously applicable to multiple wavebands. We propose a mutual mode selection strategy to realize dual-color single-mode lasing in axially coupled cavities constructed from two distinct organic self-assembled single-crystal nanowires. The unique mode selection mechanism in the heterogeneously coupled nanowires was elucidated experimentally and theoretically. With each individual nanowire functioning as both the laser source and the mode filter for the other nanowire, dual-color single-mode lasing was successfully achieved in the axially coupled heterogeneous nanowire resonators. Furthermore, the heterogeneously coupled resonators provided multiple nanoscale output ports for delivering coherent signals with different colors, which could greatly contribute to increasing the integration level of functional photonic devices. These results advance the fundamental understanding of the lasing modulation in coupled cavity systems and offer a promising route to building multifunctional nanoscale lasers for high-level practical photonic integrations.

One-dimensional (1D) organic nanostructures and their hierarchical assemblies have sparked great interest in sensing applications recently owing to convenient detection, high sensitivity and selectivity, and real-time monitoring with fast response time afforded by systems that utilize them. In this mini-review, we focus on the construction and modulation of 1D nanostructures from single- or multicomponent organic compounds, and the relevant approaches that have employed them into sensing applications. Furthermore, major obstacles and future steps towards ultimate organic nanosensors based on 1D structures are discussed.