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The incorporation of defects and cocatalysts is known to be effective in improving photocatalytic activity, yet their coupled contribution to the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution process has not been well‐explored. In this study, We demonstrate that the incorporation of S vacancies and NiSe can contribute to the improvement of charge separation efficiency via the formation of a strong electric field within the bulk ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) and on its surface. More importantly, We also demonstrate that the synergy of S vacancies and NiSe benefits the overall hydrogen evolution activity by facilitating the H2O adsorption and dissociation process. This is particularly important for hydrogen evolution taking place under alkaline conditions where the proton concentration is low, allowing ZISv‐NiSe (containing abundant S vacancies) to outperform ZIS‐NiSe under alkaline conditions. In contrast, under acid conditions, since there are already sufficient amounts of protons available for reaction, the hydrogen evolution activity became governed by the hydrogen adsorption/desorption process rather than the H2O dissociation process. This leads to ZIS‐NiSe exhibiting higher activity than ZISv‐NiSe due to its more favorable hydrogen adsorption energy. The findings thus provide insights into how defect and cocatalyst modification strategies can be tailor‐made to improve hydrogen evolution activity under different pH conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural modification based on existing drugs, which ensures the safety of marketed drugs, is an essential approach in developing new drugs. In this study, we modified the structure of cabotegravir by introducing the front alkyne on the core structure through chemical reaction, resulting in the synthesis of 9 compounds resembling 1,2,3‐triazoles. The potential of these new cabotegravir derivatives as tumor suppressors in gastrointestinal tumors was investigated. Based on the MTT experiment, most compounds showed a reduction in the viability of KYSE30 and HCT116 cells. Notably, derivatives 5b and 5h exhibited the most significant inhibitory effects. To further explore the effects of derivatives 5b and 5h on gastrointestinal tumors, KYSE30 cells were chosen as a representative cell line. Both derivatives can effectively curtail the migration and invasion capabilities of KYSE30 cells and induce apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. We further demonstrated these derivatives induce cell apoptosis in KYSE30 cells by inhibiting the expression of Stat3 protein and Smad2/3 protein. Based on the above results, we suggest they show promise in developing drugs for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Even under the standard medical care, patients with left ventricular (LV) failure or heart failure (HF) often progress to pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy. We previously showed that inflammation and regulatory T cells (Tregs) modulate HF progression in mice with preexisting LV failure. The main objective of this study is to determine the role of CD8 + T cells in modulating LV failure and the consequent pulmonary inflammation and RV hypertrophy in mice with preexisting LV failure., Methods: Mice with LV failure produced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) were randomized to depletion of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells, Tregs, or both using specific blocking antibodies. Cardiac function, lung inflammation, fibrosis, vascular remodeling, and right ventricular remodeling were determined., Results: LV failure caused pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, vascular remodeling, and RV hypertrophy. Depletion of CD8 + T cells significantly attenuated above changes in mice with preexisting LV failure. LV failure was associated with increased CD4 + and CD8 + T cell activation, and increased ratios of activated T cells to Tregs. Treg depletion exacerbated lung inflammation and HF progression, as well as lung CD4 + and CD8 + T cell infiltration and activation in HF mice. However, CD8 + T cells depletion rescue these mice from exacerbated lung inflammation and RV hypertrophy after Treg depletion., Discussion: Our findings demonstrate an important role of CD8 + T cells in promoting pulmonary inflammation and RV hypertrophy in mice with preexisting LV failure. Depletion of CD8 + T cells also rescued HF mice from the exacerbated HF progression by Treg depletion., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Weng, Yue, Shang, Wei, Clemmer, Xu and Chen.)