Search

Lead-free halide double perovskites (DPs) with superior photoelectric performance are of great importance in perovskites materials family. In this paper, a series of rare-earth (RE) based Cs 2 NaRECl 6 (RE = Y, Ce–Nd, Sm–Gd, Dy–Lu) DPs microcrystals (MCs) were prepared by convenient hydrothermal method. Cs 2 NaCeCl 6 and Cs 2 NaEuCl 6 MCs exhibit typical UV emission from the 5d→4f transition of Ce3+ and orange-red emission from characteristic 5D 1 → 7F 0 , 5D 0 → 7F 1 , 5D 0 → 7F 2 , 5D 0 → 7F 3 , 5D 0 → 7F 4 transitions of Eu3+, respectively. The blue light emissions of Cs 2 NaYCl 6 (300–650 nm) and Cs 2 NaLuCl 6 (300–550 nm) are from the respective self-trapped exciton states (STEs). In addition, the bandgap and partial density of state (PDOS) of Cs 2 NaRECl 6 (RE = Ce, Eu, Y, Lu) were calculated based on density functional theory (DFT) to have a further insight into the optical properties of the RE-DPs. The as-prepared RE based DPs have potential applications in advanced lighting, displaying and anti-counterfeiting, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free halide double perovskites (DPs) with superior photoelectric performance are of great importance in perovskites materials family. In this paper, a series of rare-earth (RE) based Cs 2 NaRECl 6 (RE = Y, Ce–Nd, Sm–Gd, Dy–Lu) DPs microcrystals (MCs) were prepared by convenient hydrothermal method. Cs 2 NaCeCl 6 and Cs 2 NaEuCl 6 MCs exhibit typical UV emission from the 5d→4f transition of Ce3+ and orange-red emission from characteristic 5D 1 → 7F 0 , 5D 0 → 7F 1 , 5D 0 → 7F 2 , 5D 0 → 7F 3 , 5D 0 → 7F 4 transitions of Eu3+, respectively. The blue light emissions of Cs 2 NaYCl 6 (300–650 nm) and Cs 2 NaLuCl 6 (300–550 nm) are from the respective self-trapped exciton states (STEs). In addition, the bandgap and partial density of state (PDOS) of Cs 2 NaRECl 6 (RE = Ce, Eu, Y, Lu) were calculated based on density functional theory (DFT) to have a further insight into the optical properties of the RE-DPs. The as-prepared RE based DPs have potential applications in advanced lighting, displaying and anti-counterfeiting, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental-friendly lead-free double perovskite (DP) with superior photoluminescence (PL) properties are prospective candidates for advanced lighting and display devices. Herein, a series of Cs 2 NaLnCl 6 (Ln = Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+) DP microcrystals (MCs) with pumping power-dependent up-conversion (UC) luminescence chroma are synthesized by simple hydrothermal method. XRD and EDS results demonstrate the formation of pure phase Cs 2 NaLnCl 6 (Ln = Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+). The calculated bond lengths by Generalized-gradient approximation (GGA)-Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) method and XPS binding energy reveal a competition between [NaCl 6 ]3- and [LnCl 6 ]3- octahedra for Cl-. The projected density of state (PDOS) verifies that the electrons mainly concentrate at the [LnCl 6 ]3- octahedra, providing sufficient electrons for GSA process of Ln3+. Under 980 nm excitation, Cs 2 NaHoCl 6 exhibits pure red emission (Ho3+: 5F 5 → 5I 8) and the color vary from orange to red with increase of pump power. Cs 2 NaErCl 6 displays intense green (Er3+: 2H 11/2 /4S 3/2 → 4I 15/2) and red (Er3+: 4F 9/2 → 4I 15/2) emissions, the increase of pump power results in color variation from orange to green. Cs 2 NaTmCl 6 demonstrates blue (Tm3+: 1D 2 → 3F 4 and 1G 4 → 3H 6), green (Tm3+: 1D 2 → 3H 5) and red (Tm3+: 1G 4 → 3F 4 and 3F 2,3 → 3H 6) emissions, with a color regulation from blue to red by increase of pumping power. Variable UC emission chroma based on Cs 2 NaLnCl 6 (Ln = Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+) DPs by excitation power regulation are proposed to validate their application in lighting and displaying. [Display omitted] • Lanthanide double perovskite Cs 2 NaLnCl 6 microcrystals are synthesized. • Up-conversion luminescence (UCL) under 980 nm excitation have been obtained. • Excitation power regulated emission chromaticity is achieved. • First principles calculations are used to elucidate the UCL mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report on a perfusion-based co-culture system that could be used for bone tissue engineering applications. The model system is created using a combination of Primary Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells encapsulated within a Gelatin Methacrylate (GelMA)-collagen hydrogel blend contained within 3D printed, perfusable constructs. The constructs contain dual channels, within a custom-built bioreactor, that were perfused with osteogenic media for up to two weeks in order to induce mineral deposition. Mineral deposition in constructs containing only HUVECs, only Saos-2 cells, or a combination thereof was quantified by microCT to determine if the combination of endothelial cells and bone-like cells increased mineral deposition. Histological and fluorescent staining was used to verify mineral deposition and cellular function both along and between the perfused channels. While there was not a quantifiable difference in the amount of mineral deposited in Saos-2 only versus Saos-2 plus HUVEC samples, the location of the deposited mineral differed dramatically between the groups and indicated that the addition of HUVECs within the GelMA matrix allowed Saos-2 cells, in diffusion limited regions of the construct, to deposit bone mineral. This work serves as a model on how to create perfusable bone tissue engineering constructs using a combination of 3D printing and cellular co-cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Esterified starch was synthesized by water media method. • Stearic or lauric acid was used to esterify with starch in urea/NaOH solutions. • The substitution degree of starch esters are higher than the reported values. • The starch esters, with lower crystallinity, had better performance than starch. • The starch esters had higher glass transition temperature within the limited DS. Long-chain fatty acid starch esters are prepared by esterification of stearic acid or lauric acid with corn starch in urea/NaOH aqueous solutions. Effect of esterify condition on the degree of substitution (DS) and the structure and performance of the products are studied. The synthesized starch stearate and starch laurate are obtained a DS of 0.065 and 0.074, respectively, higher than the reported values by the water medium method. Esterification of starch is proved by Fourier transformed infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The structure and thermal properties of starch esters are confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The results show that the starch esters, with lower crystallinity than starch, has better thermostability, emulsibility, transparency, freeze-thaw stability and moisture absorption than native starch, but higher glass transition temperature (T g) within the limited DS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-inorganic lead-free zero-dimensional (0D) metal halides perovskites with intriguing photoluminescent (PL) properties have aroused much interest due to their application in lighting and artificial illumination. Herein, 0D Cs 2 ZnBr 4 perovskite single crystals were synthesized through simple solvothermal method. The phase purity, the electronic band structure and electronic density of states of Cs 2 ZnBr 4 are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Under 430 nm blue light excitation, Cs 2 ZnBr 4 single crystals exhibit broadband emission covering the visible region from 450 to 750 nm and large Stokes shift about 120 nm, originating from self-trapped excitons (STEs) radiative recombination. And Cs 2 ZnBr 4 shows excellent thermal and air stability. These results indicate the potential application of Cs 2 ZnBr 4 as environmental-friendly light emitters for solid state lighting and displaying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tillage modes and straw returning influence soil aggregate stability and the distribution of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in aggregates of different particle sizes. In the typical hilly regions of southwest China, the predominant soil type is purple soil, characterized by heavy texture and high stickiness, with relatively lower soil fertility compared to other soil types. The improper use of fertilizers and field management practices further exacerbates soil compaction. However, abundant straw resources in the region provide an opportunity for comprehensive straw utilization. The effective utilization of straw resources is of significant importance for stabilizing agricultural ecological balance, improving resource utilization efficiency, and alleviating ecological pressure. Previously, most studies have focused on the impact of different mechanized tillage systems on the physical and chemical properties of soil in hilly areas, while research on the preservation of water-stable aggregates' organic C and N content remains limited. In this study, the soil properties of fields under a winter pea–summer corn rotation for two years were studied with regards to the effects of straw returning on its water-stable aggregate distribution, macroaggregate content (R0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and the organic C and N content in soil aggregates of different particle sizes and at different depths. The effects of five different tillage modes were assessed, namely rotary tillage with straw mixed retention (RTM), conventional tillage with straw burial retention (CTB), no-tillage with straw covered retention (NTC), subsoiling with straw covered retention (STC), and no-tillage without straw retention (NT). Based on the study results, under different tillage modes, straw returning effectively enhanced the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) reserves at the plow layer (0–30 cm), SOC increased by 17.2% to 88%, and TN increased by 8.6% to 85.9%. At the same time, the content of 0.25–2 mm aggregates increased under the straw-return treatments under different tillage patterns. The NT treatment had the lowest R0.25 and MWD and GMD values for soil aggregates at different depths, which were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the other treatment modes. The correlation coefficients between SOC and soil aggregate stability indices ranged from 0.68 to 0.90, with most of them showing highly significant positive correlations (p < 0.01). In conclusion, straw returning under different tillage systems has improved soil aggregate stability and promoted soil structure stability. Specifically, the STC treatment has shown more pronounced effects on soil improvement in the upper soil layer of the hilly regions in southwest China, while the RTM treatment is beneficial for improving the lower soil layer. Therefore, the comprehensive experimental results indicate that the combination of STC and RTM treatments represents the most promising mechanized tillage and straw returning practices for the hilly regions in southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We continue our examination of prospects for the discovery of heavy Higgs bosons of natural SUSY (natSUSY) models at the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), this time focusing on charged Higgs bosons. In natSUSY, higgsinos are expected at the few hundred GeV scale whilst electroweak gauginos inhabit the TeV scale and the heavy Higgs bosons, H, A and H ± could range up tens of TeV without jeopardizing naturalness. For TeV-scale heavy SUSY Higgs bosons H, A and H ± , as currently required by LHC searches, SUSY decays into gaugino plus higgsino can dominate H ± decays provided these decays are kinematically accessible. The visible decay products of higgsinos are soft making them largely invisible, whilst the gauginos decay to W, Z or h plus missing transverse energy ( E T ). Charged Higgs bosons are dominantly produced at LHC14 via the parton subprocess, g b → H ± t . In this paper, we examine the viability of observing signatures from H ± → τ ν , H ± → t b and H ± → W , Z , h + E T events produced in association with a top quark at the HL-LHC over large Standard Model (SM) backgrounds from (mainly) t t ¯ , t t ¯ V and t t ¯ h production (where V = W , Z ). We find that the greatest reach is found via the SM H ± (→ τ ν) + t channel with a subdominant contribution from the H ± (→ t b) + t channel. Unlike for neutral Higgs searches, the SUSY decay modes appear to be unimportant for H ± searches at the HL-LHC. We delineate regions of the m A vs. tan β plane, mostly around m A ∼ 1–2 TeV, where signals from charged Higgs bosons would serve to confirm signals of a heavy, neutral Higgs boson at the 5 σ level or, alternatively, to exclude heavy Higgs bosons at the 95% confidence level at the high luminosity LHC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In supersymmetry (SUSY) models with low electroweak naturalness (natSUSY), which have been suggested to be the most likely version of SUSY to emerge from the string landscape, higgsinos are expected at the few hundred GeV scale, whilst electroweak gauginos inhabit the TeV scale. For TeV-scale heavy neutral SUSY Higgs bosons H and A, as currently required by LHC searches, the dominant decay modes of H , A are gaugino plus higgsino provided these decays are kinematically open. The light higgsinos decay to soft particles, so are largely invisible, whilst the gauginos decay to W, Z or h plus missing transverse energy ( E T ). Thus, we examine the viability of H , A → W + E T , Z + E T and h + E T signatures at the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) in light of large standard model (SM) backgrounds from (mainly) t t ¯ , V V and V h production (where V = W , Z ). We also examine whether these signal channels can be enhanced over backgrounds by requiring the presence of an additional soft lepton from the decays of the light higgsinos. We find significant regions in the vicinity of m A ∼ 1 – 2 TeV of the m A vs. tan β plane, which can be probed at the high luminosity LHC, using these dominant signatures by HL-LHC at 5 σ and at the 95% confidence level (CL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine production and decay of heavy neutral SUSY Higgs bosons p p → H , A → τ τ ¯ within the hMSSM and compare against a perhaps more plausible natural supersymmetry scenario dubbed m h 125 (nat) which allows for a natural explanation for m w e a k ≃ m W , Z , h ∼ 100 GeV while maintaining m h ≃ 125 GeV. We evaluate signal against various Standard Model backgrounds from γ , Z → τ τ ¯ , t t ¯ and vector boson pair production V V . We combine the transverse mass method for back-to-back (BtB) taus along with the ditau mass peak m τ τ method for acollinear taus as our signal channels. This technique ultimately gives a boost to the signal significance over the standard technique of using just the BtB signal channel. We evaluate both the 95% CL exclusion and 5 σ discovery reach in the m A vs. tan β plane for present LHC with 139 fb−1, Run 3 with 300 fb−1 and high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) with 3000 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. For tan β = 10 , the exclusion limits range up to m A ∼ 1 , 1.1 and 1.4 TeV, respectively. These may be compared to the range of m A values gleaned from a statistical analysis of the string landscape wherein m A can range up to ∼ 8 TeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer is among the most dangerous malignant tumors to human health. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for about 40% of all lung cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial regulator of carcinogenesis and therapeutic efficacy in LUAD. However, the impact of tumor microenvironment-related signatures (TMERSs) representing the TME characteristics on the prognosis and therapeutic outcome of LUAD patients remains to be further explored. Materials and methods: Gene expression files and clinical information of 1630 LUAD samples and 275 samples with immunotherapy information from different databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Research Institute (CRI) iAtlas were downloaded and analyzed. Three hundred tumor microenvironment-related signatures (TMERS) based on a comprehensive collection of marker genes were quantified by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and then eight significant signatures were selected to construct the tumor microenvironment-related signature score (TMERSscore) by performing Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-Cox analysis. Results: In this study, we constructed a TME-based prognostic stratification model for patients with LUAD and validated it in several external datasets. Furthermore, the TMERSscore was found to be positively correlated with tumor malignancy and a high TMERSscore predicted a poor prognosis. Moreover, the TMERSscore of responders treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) therapies was significantly lower than that of non-responders, and the TMERSscore was positively correlated with the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, implying that a low TMERSscore predicts a better response to ICI treatment and may provide independent and incremental predictive value over current biomarkers. Conclusions: Overall, we constructed a TMERSscore that can be used for LUAD patient prognosis stratification as well as ICI therapeutic efficacy evaluation, supportive results from independent external validation sets showed its robustness and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of tendon pain and tendon rupture. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) play a vital role in the development of tendinopathy. Our previous research found that high cholesterol inhibits tendon-related gene expression in TDSCs. Whether high cholesterol has other biological effects on TDSCs remains unknown. Methods: TDSCs isolated from female SD rats were exposed to 10 mg/dL cholesterol for 24 h. Then, cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope. RFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus transfection was used for measuring autophagy. Signaling transduction was measured by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. In addition, Achilles tendons from ApoE −/− mice fed with a high-fat diet were histologically assessed using HE staining and immunohistochemistry. Results: In this work, we verified that 10 mg/dL cholesterol suppressed cell proliferation and migration and induced G0/G1 phase arrest. Additionally, cholesterol induced apoptosis and autophagy simultaneously in TDSCs. Apoptosis induction was related to increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and BAX and decreased expression of Bcl-xL. The occurrence of autophagic flux and accumulation of LC3-II demonstrated the induction of autophagy by cholesterol. Compared with the effects of cholesterol treatment alone, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced apoptosis, while the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK diminished cholesterol-induced autophagy. Moreover, cholesterol triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activated the AKT/FOXO1 pathway, while the ROS scavenger NAC blocked cholesterol-induced activation of the AKT/FOXO1 pathway. NAC and the FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 rescued the apoptosis and autophagy induced by cholesterol. Finally, high cholesterol elevated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, LC3-II, and FOXO1 in vivo. Conclusion: The present study indicated that high cholesterol induced apoptosis and autophagy through ROS-activated AKT/FOXO1 signaling in TDSCs, providing new insights into the mechanism of hypercholesterolemia-induced tendinopathy. High cholesterol induces apoptosis and autophagy through the ROS-activated AKT/FOXO1 pathway in tendon-derived stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish an unbiased, 3‐dimensional (3‐D) approach that quantifies subchondral bone plate (SBP) changes in mouse joints, and to investigate the mechanism that mediates SBP sclerosis at a late stage of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A new micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) protocol was developed to characterize the entire thickness of the SBP in the distal femur of a normal mouse knee. Four mouse models of severe joint OA were generated: cartilage‐specific Egfr–knockout (Egfr‐CKO) mice at 2 months after surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), Egfr‐CKO mice with aging‐related spontaneous OA, wild‐type (WT) mice at 10 months after DMM, and WT mice at 14 weeks after DMM plus hemisectomy of the meniscus (DMMH) surgery. As an additional model, mice with knockout of the sclerostin gene (Sost‐KO) were subjected to DMMH surgery. Knee joints were examined by micro‐CT, histology, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: Examination of the mouse distal femur by 3‐D micro‐CT revealed a positive correlation between SBP thickness and the loading status in normal knees. In all 4 mouse models of late‐stage OA, SBP sclerosis was restricted to the areas under severely eroded articular cartilage. This was accompanied by elevated bone formation at the bone marrow side of the SBP and a drastic reduction in the levels of sclerostin in osteocytes within the SBP. Unlike in WT mice, no further increase in the thickness of the SBP was observed in response to DMMH in Sost‐KO mice. Conclusion: Since focal stress on the SBP underlying sites of cartilage damage increases during late stages of OA, these findings establish mechanical loading–induced attenuation of sclerostin expression and elevation of bone formation along the SBP surface as the major mechanisms characterizing subchondral bone phenotypes associated with severe late‐stage OA in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pr3+ and Mn2+ co-doped CaZnOS phosphors are prepared by high-temperature solid state reaction method and the photoluminescence property is investigated systematically. Under 283 ​nm ultraviolet and 447 ​nm blue light excitations, green emission from CaZnOS, Pr3+ and red emission from Mn2+ are obtained and the emission color is modulated from green to yellow and red by adjusting the ratio of Pr3+ to Mn2+ concentration. The photoluminescence process under 283 ​nm and 447 ​nm excitations are dependent on energy transfer from CaZnOS to Pr3+ and Mn2+, as well as energy transfer from Pr3+ to Mn2+. The energy transfer mechanism between Pr3+ and Mn2+ is confirmed to be dipole-quadrupole interaction. Particularly, under 447 ​nm blue excitation, CaZnOS: 1%Pr3+, 3%Mn2+ exhibits bright yellow emission with chromaticity coordinates of (0.372, 0.428) and quantum yields of 46.37%, implying a potential application in blue-chip excited white light emitting diodes (W-LEDs). [Display omitted] • The photoluminescence property of Pr3+, Mn2+ co-doped CaZnOS phosphor was investigated for the first time. • Under 283 and 447 ​nm excitation, the emission color of CaZnOS: Pr3+, Mn2+ was adjusted from green to red. • The PLQYs of CaZnOS:1%Pr3+, 3%Mn2+ under blue excitation is 46.37%, implying a potential application in white LED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential thermoelectric Cu 2 GeSe 3 is limited by the unfavorable exorbitant electrical conductivity and the subsequent high electrical thermal conductivity. In this regard, we highlight a compensatory compositing strategy to synergistically optimize its thermoelectric properties by adding GeSe second-phase. Experimental results demonstrated that the GeSe additive compensated the carrier concentration and mobility to some extent, which suppressed the exorbitant electrical conductivity and led to much reduced electrical thermal conductivity and the final low thermal conductivity in (GeSe) x (Cu 2 GeSe 3) 1–x composites. Meanwhile, due to the decreased carrier mobility, the GeSe additive could also increase the effective mass of the Cu 2 GeSe 3 matrix, which significantly enhanced the Seebeck coefficient and power factor. Finally, with the synergistically optimized electrical and thermal transport properties of Cu 2 GeSe 3 via GeSe addition, the final figure-of-merit ZT values of composites were significantly improved. The peak ZT of the average of three times trials of 0.49 was achieved at 723 K for (GeSe) 0.02 (Cu 2 GeSe 3) 0.98 composite, which was 188% higher than its pristine counterpart. • Compensatory compositing strategy is used to lessen the inherent high κ e of Cu 2 GeSe 3. • The κ tot of composites and ratio of κ e /κ tot remarkably decreased by GeSe composite. • ZT max of ~0.49 at 723 K was achieved for (GeSe) 0.02 (Cu 2 GeSe 3) 0.98 composite. • ZT of the composite increased 1.88 times more than that of the pristine Cu 2 GeSe 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of most common skeletal disorders and can affect synovial joints such as knee and ankle joints. α5 integrin, a major fibronectin receptor, is expressed in articular cartilage and has been demonstrated to play roles in synovial joint development and in the regulation of chondrocyte survival and matrix degradation in articular cartilage. We hypothesized that α5 integrin signaling is involved in pathogenesis of OA. To test this, we generated compound mice that conditionally ablate α5 integrin in the synovial joints using the Gdf5Cre system. The compound mice were born normally and had an overall appearance similar to the control mice. However, when the mutant mice received the OA surgery, they showed stronger resistance to osteoarthritic changes than the control. Specifically the mutant knee joints presented lower levels of cartilage matrix and structure loss and synovial changes and showed stronger biomechanical properties than the control knee joints. These findings indicate that α5 integrin may not be essential for synovial joint development but play a causative role in induction of osteoarthritic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Our aim was to compare the effect of internal vs external fixation for unstable distal radius fractures regarding postoperative complications, clinical results and radiological outcomes.Methods: We selected PubMed; Cochrane Library; EMBASE; BIOSIS; Ovid and the relevant English orthopaedic journals and pooled data from ten eligible randomised controlled trials containing 738 patients to conduct a subgroup analysis according to different periods of follow-up. Our aim was to summarise the best available evidence.Results: Results showed that compared with external fixation, internal fixation led to significantly fewer total surgical complications [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.81, P = 0.002] and reduced the incidence of pin-track infections (95% CI 0.08-0.46, P = 0.0002) after a one year follow-up. For clinical results, grip strength (95% CI 1.59-8.25, P = 0.004), supination (95% CI 13.99-48.83, P = 0.0004) and pronation (95% CI 5.61-26.09, P = 0.002) were superior in the internal fixation group six weeks postoperatively, and the same results were obtained three months postoperatively for grip strength (95% CI 3.21-13.47, P = 0.001) and supination (95% CI 3.61-16.01, P = 0.002). Meanwhile, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score was superior in the internal fixation group at three months (95% CI -20.62 to -2.07, P = 0.02) and after one year (95% CI -14.37 to -2.32, P = 0.007) follow-up.Conclusions: We suggest that the final results are significant and there is some evidence supporting the use of open reduction and internal fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Our aim was to compare the effect of internal vs external fixation for unstable distal radius fractures regarding postoperative complications, clinical results and radiological outcomes. Methods: We selected PubMed; Cochrane Library; EMBASE; BIOSIS; Ovid and the relevant English orthopaedic journals and pooled data from ten eligible randomised controlled trials containing 738 patients to conduct a subgroup analysis according to different periods of follow-up. Our aim was to summarise the best available evidence. Results: Results showed that compared with external fixation, internal fixation led to significantly fewer total surgical complications [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.81, P = 0.002] and reduced the incidence of pin-track infections (95% CI 0.08-0.46, P = 0.0002) after a one year follow-up. For clinical results, grip strength (95% CI 1.59-8.25, P = 0.004), supination (95% CI 13.99-48.83, P = 0.0004) and pronation (95% CI 5.61-26.09, P = 0.002) were superior in the internal fixation group six weeks postoperatively, and the same results were obtained three months postoperatively for grip strength (95% CI 3.21-13.47, P = 0.001) and supination (95% CI 3.61-16.01, P = 0.002). Meanwhile, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score was superior in the internal fixation group at three months (95% CI −20.62 to −2.07, P = 0.02) and after one year (95% CI −14.37 to −2.32, P = 0.007) follow-up. Conclusions: We suggest that the final results are significant and there is some evidence supporting the use of open reduction and internal fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]