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C20H19Cl4N3O3S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.2134(9) Å, b = 21.4083(13) Å, c = 7.6709(5) Å, β = 99.260(6)°, V = 2303.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0659, wRref(F2) = 0.1682, T = 180 K.

Objective To explore the incidence, time of occurrence and influencing factors of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients within one year. Methods Retrospectively collected information on COPD case home page visits in Yunnan Province from 2016 to 2022, establishing a longitudinal observation cohort based on patients' names and ID numbers. The incidence rate, time of occurrence and average number of AECOPD within one year of COPD were calculated, and the relationship between patients' exposure factors and the number of AECOPD within one year was analyzed by using multivariate linear regression, and the exposure factors affecting AECOPD within one year of COPD patients were analyzed by using Cox regression. Results The mean age of 405 428 COPD patients was (70. 75 ' 10.95) years, the mean number of comorbidities was 1.14 ± 1.15, the incidence of AECOPD within one year was 17.55%, the mean duration of occurrence was (4.58 ± 3.64) months, and the mean number of AECOPD per patient was 0.27. The regression results showed that gender (HR = 1.473, 95% CI: 1.446-1.500), age (HR=1.011, 95% CI: 1.010-1.012), number of comorbidities (HR=1. 083, 95% CI: 1.076-1.090), medical insurance type (HR=1.481, 95% CI: 1.394-1.574), and admission season (HR=1.115, 95% CI: 1.090-1.140) were the influencing factors for acute exacerbation in patients with COPD within one year. Conclusion The incidence of AECOPD in COPD patients in Yunnan Province within one year is 17.55%. We should start from various risk factors and focus on male, elderly, patients with multifile comorbidities, those admitted in spring and winter seasons, and non-resident medical insurance patients. Take corresponding preventive measures and strengthen the management of AECOPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Global warming caused by the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is becoming a major environmental issue. Lipaphis erysimi is one of the most damaging pests of cruciferous crops worldwide, and L. erysimi has strong adaptability to the environment and reproductive capacity. The age-stage, two-sex life table is currently used by many researchers in place of the traditional age-specific life table, providing many details such as fitness and potential damage. In this study, the individual fitness and population dynamics parameters of three successive generations of L. erysimi were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The results show that a high CO2 concentration had a cumulative effect on the survival rate and fecundity of L. erysimi, and elevated CO2 had a negative effect on the individual fitness parameters of L. erysimi. The life expectancy (exj) is significantly lower in elevated CO2 than that in ambient CO2 treatment in the three successive generations, indicating that L. erysimi was more sensitive to CO2 concentration and the life of L. erysimi was shortened under elevated CO2. Additionally, we can find that elevated CO2 has a short-term effect on the population parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) in L. erysimi. Through the data from this experiment, we believe that the individual and population fitness of L. erysimi will be decreased under elevated CO2, which indicates that the damage caused by L. erysimi may be reduced in the future with increasing CO2 levels. To assess the effect of elevated CO2 on the development, fecundity, and population dynamic parameters of L. erysimi, the age-stage, two-sex life table was used to predict the individual fitness and population parameters of three successive generations of L. erysimi in this study. The results show that a significantly longer total pre-adult stage before oviposition (TPOP) was observed in the third generation compared with the first generation of L. erysimi under the 800 μL/L CO2 treatment. The fecundity is significantly lower in the 800 μL/L CO2 treatment than that in the 400 μL/L CO2 treatment in the third generation of L. erysimi, which indicates that elevated CO2 had a negative effect on the individual fitness parameters of L. erysimi. Additionally, the life expectancy (exj) is significantly lower under the 800 μL/L CO2 treatment than that under the 400 μL/L CO2 treatment in the three successive generations. A significantly higher intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were found in the second generation compared with those in the first and third generations of L. erysimi under the 800 μL/L CO2 treatment. Moreover, significantly lower r and λ were observed under the 800 μL/L CO2 treatment compared with those under the 400 μL/L and 600 μL/L CO2 treatments in the first generation of L. erysimi, which indicates that elevated CO2 has a short-term effect on the population parameters (r and λ) of L. erysimi. Our experiment can provide the data for the comprehensive prevention and control of L. erysimi in the future with increasing CO2 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lhasa terrane is one of the major segments of the Tibetan Plateau, with widespread Mesozoic to Cenozoic magmatic and metallogenic records. Here, we investigate timing and characteristics of magmatism associated with the Lunggar Fe skarn deposit in Central Lhasa. We also present Sr–Nd–Pb and Hf (zircon) isotopic data on three associated intrusions to gain insights on the tectonic and metallogenic evolution of the region. Our data reveal at least two magmatic pulses in Lunggar represented by Early Cretaceous I‐type granodiorite (112.9 ± 1.5 Ma) and granite porphyry (112.6 ± 1.3 Ma) with magma generation related to slab break‐off associated with the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean during closure of the Meso‐Tethyan ocean at ~113 Ma. Iron skarn mineralization at Lunggar was contemporaneous with local Early Cretaceous intrusive activity. Following this, Late Cretaceous adakitic diorite (90.5 ± 1.5 Ma) formed from delaminated thickened crust at ~91 Ma related to the northern subduction of the Yarlung‐Zangbo oceanic plate. We also provide a comprehensive review of the Cretaceous tectonic evolution of Central Lhasa, which trace the tectonic evolution as follows: (a) 145–120 Ma: southward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang oceanic plate under the Lhasa terrane; (b) 120–115 Ma: Lhasa‐Qiangtang continental collision; (c) 115–110 Ma: slab break‐off of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean; (d) 110–95 Ma: crustal thickening of the Central Lhasa lower crust; (e) 95–80 Ma: delamination of lithospheric mantle; and (f) 80–65 Ma: northward subduction of the Yarlung‐Zangbo oceanic plate and subsequent slab rollback. The related metallogenic events in Central Lhasa include (a) ~115–110 Ma skarn Fe mineralization associated with slab break‐off; (b) ~90–80 Ma porphyry Cu–Au mineralization formed in delaminated thickened crust of Central Lhasa; and (c) ~65 Ma skarn Pb–Zn mineralization produced from slab rollback of the Yarlung‐Zangbo Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New data from mineralogy, geochemistry, zircon U–Pb dating, and Hf isotopes have revealed Late Cretaceous to Eocene magmatic intrusions in the Tengchong terrane and constrained the origin, tectonic setting, and characteristics of tin‐bearing and barren granitoids. We divide the studied granitoids into two groups: (a) the Late Cretaceous Zhinaxiang (70 Ma) and Early Paleocene Dazhupeng (65 Ma) S‐type barren granites and (b) the Eocene Lailishan A2‐type tin‐bearing granite (50 Ma). All these granitoids display Si‐ and K‐rich and calc‐alkaline characteristics and have similar chondrite‐normalized rare earth element patterns. However, geochemical differences do exist between the two groups of granites. The Zhinaxiang and Dazhupeng S‐type granites are slightly peraluminous, enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb and K), and depleted in high‐field‐strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf), whereas the Lailishan A2‐type granite has higher TFe2O3, high‐field‐strength element content, and Ga/Al ratios. The geochemical and Hf isotopic data indicate that the granites in this study were generated by partial melting of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks. Due to the subduction of the Neo‐Tethyan Ocean beneath the Eurasian plate, the Zhinaxiang and Dazhupeng S‐type granites were formed in a thickened‐crustal environment, whereas the Lailishan A2‐type granite was emplaced in a post‐collisional extensional setting attributed to slab break‐off. By comparison between tin‐bearing and barren granites, we propose that the Sn mineralization could be related to relatively high‐temperature and low‐pressure crystallization conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]