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Purpose To assess macular vessel density (VD) in open-angle glaucoma (OAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), ocular hypertension (OHT), and normal participants by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Setting and design This observational case–control study was conducted at Menoufia University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology. Patients and methods Patients who received OCTA were already diagnosed with glaucoma and were divided into four groups: OAG group, NTG group, OHT group, and normal participants’ group. The ophthalmic parameters, which include best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field mean deviation, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell complex thickness, were recorded. About the macula, the superficial VD, deep VD, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were evaluated via OCTA and analyzed by utilizing the default VD analysis program in the same OCTA. Results This study was conducted on 152 eyes, 38 eyes with OAG, 38 eyes with NTG, 38 eyes with OHT, and 38 normal participant eyes. Significant decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion cell complex thickness were noticed in OAG and normal tension groups cases. The OAG and NTG groups revealed a reduction in superficial VD and a reduction in deep VD compared to the OHT and the controls. No difference in the FAZ was noticed among all the studied groups. Conclusion Impaired macular circulation was demonstrated in the OAG and NTG patients compared to OHT patients and normal participants. No difference in FAZ among the glaucoma cases and normal individuals.

Purpose: To assess macular vessel density (VD) in open-angle glaucoma (OAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), ocular hypertension (OHT), and normal participants by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Setting and design: This observational case–control study was conducted at Menoufia University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology. Patients and methods: Patients who received OCTA were already diagnosed with glaucoma and were divided into four groups: OAG group, NTG group, OHT group, and normal participants' group. The ophthalmic parameters, which include best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field mean deviation, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell complex thickness, were recorded. About the macula, the superficial VD, deep VD, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were evaluated via OCTA and analyzed by utilizing the default VD analysis program in the same OCTA. Results: This study was conducted on 152 eyes, 38 eyes with OAG, 38 eyes with NTG, 38 eyes with OHT, and 38 normal participant eyes. Significant decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion cell complex thickness were noticed in OAG and normal tension groups cases. The OAG and NTG groups revealed a reduction in superficial VD and a reduction in deep VD compared to the OHT and the controls. No difference in the FAZ was noticed among all the studied groups. Conclusion: Impaired macular circulation was demonstrated in the OAG and NTG patients compared to OHT patients and normal participants. No difference in FAZ among the glaucoma cases and normal individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To study retinal microvascular and microstructural alterations in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in severely obese population using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: Twelve MGD patients with severely obese population (PAT group; 24 eyes) and 12 healthy controls (HC group; 24 eyes) were recruited. OCTA images were segmented into five [superior (S), nasal (N), inferior (I), temporal (T), and central foveal (C)] or nine [inner superior (IS), outer superior (OS), inner nasal (IN), outer nasal (ON), inner inferior (II), outer inferior (OI), inner temporal (IT), outer temporal (OT), and C] subregions. The superficial vessel density (SVD), retinal thickness (RT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, and retinal volume were measured. RESULTS: Visual acuity was significantly different between two groups (0.8±0.17 in PAT group vs 0.2±0.06 in HC group). SVD was significantly lower in PATs in N, T, OS, IN, OT, and ON. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for T was 0.961 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.908 to 1.000], for OS was 0.962 (95%CI: 0.915 to 1.000). RT was significantly lower in PATs in IS, OS, OI, OT, ON, IT, IN, and II. AUC for OT was 0.935 (95%CI: 0.870 to 0.999), for IS was 0.915 (95% CI: 0.838 to 0.992). Angiography results showed significantly lower area and perimeter of FAZ, SVD of the inner retina and both retinal volume and the average volume thickness in the PAT group. CONCLUSION: Vision may be affected in patients with MGD due to changes in retinal microvessels and microstructures. These changes detected by OCTA may be a potential marker for diagnosing MGD in severe obesity.

Purpose To evaluate changes that occur in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in diabetic hypertensive patients by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Patients and methods OCTA was performed for 60 eyes of 35 diabetic hypertensive patients. This study was done in Benha University Hospital between February and June 2021. FAZ area was measured by a frame that was centered around it. Moreover, the vessel density was measured also by detecting the superficial vessel density (SVD) and the deep vessel density (DVD). Results In diabetic hypertensive (60 eyes of 35 patients) with average age 55.52 (±6.88) years and mean duration of the disease 12.17 (±7.15) years, the mean value of the FAZ was 0.37 (±0.54) mm, denoting enlargement of the FAZ diameter. In addition, the vessel density showed that there is decreasing in the SVD (43.9±5.89) and it was correlated to the best-corrected visual acuity and age of the patients (P

Purpose To evaluate changes that occur in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in diabetic hypertensive patients by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Patients and methods OCTA was performed for 60 eyes of 35 diabetic hypertensive patients. This study was done in Benha University Hospital between February and June 2021. FAZ area was measured by a frame that was centered around it. Moreover, the vessel density was measured also by detecting the superficial vessel density (SVD) and the deep vessel density (DVD). Results In diabetic hypertensive (60 eyes of 35 patients) with average age 55.52 (±6.88) years and mean duration of the disease 12.17 (±7.15) years, the mean value of the FAZ was 0.37 (±0.54) mm, denoting enlargement of the FAZ diameter. In addition, the vessel density showed that there is decreasing in the SVD (43.9±5.89) and it was correlated to the best-corrected visual acuity and age of the patients (P<0.05), while it was highly correlated to the DVD (P<0.001). On the other hand, there was a decrease in DVD with a mean of 43.17±7.44, which was statistically significant with the age of the patients (P<0.05), but there was no significant relationship with duration of the disease, glycated hemoglobin, and best-corrected visual acuity. Conclusion OCTA is a noninvasive technique to image the retinal and choroidal vasculature. The study concluded that diabetic retinopathy in the presence of systemic hypertension leads to increasing of the FAZ area. Moreover, it leads to decreasing in both the SVD and DVD. Also, it allows for early detection and easy follow-up of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background It is critical to monitor the optic disc’s vessel density using Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and evaluate its determinants. In the current study, we investigate the superficial vessel density (VD) of the papillary microvasculature and its determinants in healthy subjects of Southern China. Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Superficial VD in healthy individuals’ optic disc region was measured by OCTA. The factors associated with ocular and systemic parameters were analyzed using a generalized estimation equation (GEE) model. Results A total of 510 eyes of 260 healthy subjects were analyzed in the study. The total VD in the optic disc area was 17.21 ± 2.15 mm− 1 (95% CI, 17.02–17.40 mm− 1). The VD in the inner ring and the outer ring of the optic disc were significantly higher compared with the central ring, while the VD of the superior quadrant and inferior quadrant was significantly higher compared with the temporal and nasal quadrant. After adjusting for the ocular factors and systemic factors, AL (β = − 0.4917, P = 0.0003), disc area (β = − 0.3748, P = 0.0143), CMT (β = − 0.0183, P = 0.0003) and SSI (β = 1.0588, P

Amaç: Yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonu (YBMD) olan hastalarda yüzeyel ve derin kapiller pleksus ve foveal avasküler zonu değerlendirmek, YBMD evresi ile kapiller damar yoğunluğu arasında ilişki olup olmadığını araştırmak.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 94 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar YBMD evresine göre sınıflandırıldı. Evre 1: YBMD yok, Evre 2: erken YBMD, Evre 3: orta evre YBMD, Evre 4: jeografik atrofi, Evre 5: koroidal neovaskülarizasyon (KNVM) evresi. Tüm hastalar optik koherens tomografi anjiografiyi de içeren tam oftalmolojik muayeneden geçirildi. Yüzeyel ve derin pleksuslarda vasküler yoğunluk, foveal avasküler zon ana ölçüm değerleri olarak belirlendi.Bulgular: Evre 3 YBMD hastalarında derin pleksusta vasküler yoğunluk evre 1 ve 2 ye göre azalmış olarak tespit edildi. KNVM hastalarının diğer gözlerinde evre 3 YBMD tespit edilenlerde derin pleksusta kapiller yoğunluk evre 1 ve 2 ye göre daha düşük düzeylerde idi. Diğer parametrelerde farklılık yoktu. Evre 3 YBMD olan hastaların diğer gözlerinde kapiller yoğunluk ve foveal avasküler zon değerleri arasında farklılık saptanmadı.Sonuç: OKTA ile tespit edilen retinal kapiller damarlarda değişiklikler intermediate YBMD aşamasında başlamaktadır.

Background: It is critical to monitor the optic disc's vessel density using Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and evaluate its determinants. In the current study, we investigate the superficial vessel density (VD) of the papillary microvasculature and its determinants in healthy subjects of Southern China.Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Superficial VD in healthy individuals' optic disc region was measured by OCTA. The factors associated with ocular and systemic parameters were analyzed using a generalized estimation equation (GEE) model.Results: A total of 510 eyes of 260 healthy subjects were analyzed in the study. The total VD in the optic disc area was 17.21 ± 2.15 mm- 1 (95% CI, 17.02-17.40 mm- 1). The VD in the inner ring and the outer ring of the optic disc were significantly higher compared with the central ring, while the VD of the superior quadrant and inferior quadrant was significantly higher compared with the temporal and nasal quadrant. After adjusting for the ocular factors and systemic factors, AL (β = - 0.4917, P = 0.0003), disc area (β = - 0.3748, P = 0.0143), CMT (β = - 0.0183, P = 0.0003) and SSI (β = 1.0588, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with total VD of the optic disc.Conclusion: The mean total VD in the optic disc area was 17.21 ± 2.15 mm- 1 in healthy subjects, and the superior and inferior VD was significantly higher than the temporal and nasal VD. AL, disc area, CMT, and SSI may affect the total VD in the optic disc area and should be considered in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: To investigate the clinical significance of vessel density (VD) on visual field (VF) progression regarding the severity of glaucoma. Methods: A total of 130 eyes were recruited in this retrospective and longitudinal study. Superficial and deep VDs in circumpapillary and macular regions were measured via ImageJ. The rate of VF progression was defined as the mean deviation (MD) slope (dB/year). Linear regression was used to verify factors affecting deterioration of VF. The eyes with lower superficial VD were further analyzed. Results: Fifty patients with early glaucoma (EG) (MD > −6 dB) and 52 patients with moderate-to-advanced glaucoma (MAG) (MD ≤ −6 dB) were included. A faster progression rate was found in MAG (p = 0.049). Superficial VD was noticeably related to the VF progression rate in total eyes and in MAG (Both Ps ≤ 0.007, respectively). With patients in the lower half of the superficial VD, the VD was significantly associated with the rate of progression (B, 0.049, p = 0.021). This association was independent of the baseline MD and OCT parameters. Conclusion: Decreased superficial VD might conversely affect the progression of glaucoma even in MAG, which suggests superficial VD could be used as a potential marker to foresee the disease progression even in progressed eyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]