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Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the printing and packaging industry, sustainability is defined as manufacture and practices that reflect responsibility for the environment and resources to meet the needs and expectations of future generations. In this article, raw material management, cellulose resources, industrial forests, ecological and renewable alternative fiber resources were examined in the framework of the sustainability of the printing and packaging industry. The recycling of printed materials and packaging and the effects of paper-ink types and product design in this recycling have been discussed. The effect of separation and processing at the source on the efficiency of paper recycling, economy and ecology was emphasized. The greenhouse gas emissions of solvents used in inks and cleaners, the impact on climate change, water footprint and carbon footprint issues were examined. Suggestions have been made on environmental sustainability in the printing industry, what needs to be done for a competitive production, successful optimization, minimization of waste, use of existing possibilities, recycling and evaluation of alternatives and use of clean energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass production of paper is one of the significant factors that are contributing to increase in carbon outrush in the global ecological system. The paper trade releases large volumes of air, water, and soil pollutants, which pony up to green house gasses. The rotted paper releases methane gas, which is many times more hazardous than carbon dioxide. Paperless business is a vital environmental business practice that is better for the upliftment of the current degrading environment. Global corporations are promoting paperless workplaces to move a step forward towards a sustainable ecological system and achieve the sustainable development goals of the United Nations. The research study after observation opined that although various challenges are being portrayed by employing digitalization of workplaces still working paperless is quite fruitful for the global ecological system. The digital innovations are the only alternatives available in the current times for the paper based job places. In this research study fairly was also studied the critical aspect of paperless workplace. On analyzing the dark data of the global corporeal world it was depicted that digitalization is also enhancing the carbon footprint. It is thus concluded in this research study that sensible and secure use of digital technology could only make paperless working successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China is the largest paper producer and consumer in the world. However, China's paper industry is inefficient in its consumption of natural resources. Whereas the proportion of wood pulp used by the paper industry in developed countries is up to 63%, the corresponding figure for China is only 23%, leading to high energy and water consumption and severe environmental pollution. This article presents a systematic risk analysis using life cycle assessment and carbon footprint calculation associated with China's straw-pulp and wood-pulp paper industries. Risk prevention measures are proposed based on the results of this analysis. The study has important ramifications for the sustainable development of China's paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The pulp and paper industry, which is closely related to national economic and social development, is an important industry but also contributes high carbon emissions. Therefore, with the advent of the low-carbon economic era, ways to reduce the carbon emissions and to bring about a low-carbon industrial transition of the pulp and paper industry is becoming one of the important academic projects. A system for carbon footprint assessment, namely the Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 2050 methodology, is introduced in this paper. Based on the analysis and assessment of the carbon footprint (CO2 equivalent emissions) for the Coated Ivory Board production lines, it was used to provide a scientific basis and approach for reduction of carbon emissions and formulate the corresponding measures for carbon emissions reduction of China's pulp and paper industry. The business to business carbon footprint, for which steps of the life cycle are included in Coated Ivory Board production, was analyzed and calculated. The results showed that there were 888 kg of CO2 equivalent emissions per metric ton of Coated Ivory Board, in which the largest part, accounting for 57.5%, was associated with purchased electricity, followed by fuel oil at 40.2%, and others accounted for 2.3% of the CO2 equivalent emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global climate change, energy conservation and greenhouse effect gases (GHG) reduction are major challenges to mankind. The forestry-pulp and paper industry is a typical high energy consumption and high emission industry. We conducted in-depth research on the energy flows and carbon footprint of the forestry-pulp paper industry. The results show that: (1) The main sources of energy supply include external fossil fuel coal and internal biomass fuel black liquor, which supply 30,057,300 GJ and 14,854,000 GJ respectively; in addition, the energy produced by diesel in material transportation reaches 11,624,256 GJ. (2) The main energy consumption processes include auxiliary engineering projects, material transportation, papermaking, alkali recovery, pulping and other production workshops. The percentages of energy consumption account for 26%, 18%, 15%, 10% and 6%, respectively. (3) The main sources of carbon include coal and forest biomass, reaching 770,000 tons and 1.39 million tons, respectively. (4) Carbon emissions mainly occur in fuel combustion in combined heating and power (CHP) and diesel combustion in material transportation, reaching 6.78 million tons and 790,000 tons of carbon, respectively. (5) Based on steam and electricity consumption, the indirect carbon emissions of various thermal and electric energy production units were calculated, and the key energy consumption process units and hotspot carbon flow paths were further found. This research established a theoretical and methodological basis for energy conservation and emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to discuss the role of green practices/services which are incorporated within libraries towards environmentally sustainable. With continuous use and easy availability of new technologies like computer printers, faxes, and photocopiers etc. it is very important to protect the environment. Since, all these machines have an impact using paper, ink, and electricity on the environment. This paper begins with an explanation of sustainability, environmental sustainability, green printing, and copying etc. Further, demonstrates the various sustainable strategies for the libraries. And also highlights the strategies for overcoming the impact of paper use, ink use and electricity. This paper will also provide a different approach for librarians to achieve green practices/services. The adverse impact of new technologies on the environment also increases the requirement of green practices/services within libraries and reducing the carbon footprint, which will automatically enhance the environmentally sustainable practices, a valuable step for enhancing the lifestyle of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pioneering step of implementation of GST in India, has brought initial producer's and service provider's and retailers in one tax regime reducing the burden of all other taxes, including the burden of CENVAT and service tax. GST is a Major step designed to streamline the taxation of goods and services. The changes in the tax structure led to the changes in the prices of goods. These changes were significant in few cases and they impacted the consumer behaviour largely. The objective of this paper is to study the consumer behaviour by analysing the impact of GST/Tax policies on automobile industry. The focus of the study is LMV (cars). The purchase pattern of cars is studied before and after the implementation of GST. The hypothesis-based research method is used and tested. The secondary data for the analysis of the production and sales is obtained from Web-based information, literature so far published in the journals is used to analyse the gap. The analysis is carried out using correlations methods such as t-test and paired t-test. This research should add significant value in understanding the implications of GST on purchase behaviour, the paper further tests possibilities of reduction of carbon footprints as an implication of policy change. The reduced number of vehicles will reduce the carbon footprint whereas the increased number of vehicles will increase the carbon footprint. Shift to electric vehicles and achieving green mobility is at the top of the agenda for developed nations. Countries like USA and China are incentivising green mobility through policy changes. India also supports green mobility by no tax and 5% GST. However, the green mobility policies should be enacted in sync with state and centre government. The results should help to understand LMV (Car) sector sales before and after GST and its implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biobanks have become an integral part of health and bioscience research. However, the ultra-low temperature (ULT) storage methods that biobanks employ [ULT freezers and liquid nitrogen (LN2)] are associated with carbon emissions that contribute to anthropogenic climate change. This paper aims to provide a 'Roadmap' for reducing carbon emissions associated with ULT storage in biobanking. The Roadmap offers recommendations associated with nine areas of ULT storage practice: four relating to ULT freezers, three associated with LN2 storage, and two generalised discussions regarding biosample management and centralisation. For each practice, we describe (a) the best approaches to mitigate carbon emissions, (b) explore barriers associated with hindering their implementation, and (c) make a series of recommendations that can help biobank stakeholders overcome these barriers. The recommendations were the output of a one year, UK-based, multidisciplinary research project that involved a quantitative Carbon Footprinting Assessment of the emissions associated with 1 year of ULT storage (for both freezers and LN2) at four different case study sites; as well as two follow up stakeholder workshops to qualitatively explore UK biobank stakeholder perceptions, views, and experiences on how to consider such assessments within the broader social, political, financial, technical, and cultural contexts of biobanking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology is the property of Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Internet of Things technology is named as a key ingredient in the evolution towards digitization of many applications and services. A deployment based on battery-powered remote Internet of Things (IoT) devices enables easy installation and operation, yet the autonomy of these devices poses a crucial challenge. A too short lifespan is undesirable from a functional, economical, and ecological point of view. This paper presents a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based approach to recharge remote Internet of Things (IoT) nodes. An in-depth study of the charging efficiency and optimization of key parameters, and measurements-based verification, is reported on. An actual corresponding design and implementation of the full UAV-based charging system and its proof-ofconcept validation are presented. Finally, the sustainability of the proposed solution is discussed. The results presented in this paper hence confirm that the proposed UAV-based approach and design are functionally successful and efficient charging can be achieved, provided the constraints and challenges coming with the approach are adequately dealt with. Moreover, it comes with an overall reduction in ecological footprint for IoT applications relying on batterypowered nodes in need of medium energy and/or considerable lifetime expectation (5 years or more). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the requirements of the EU EPBD (Energy Performance of Buildings Directive) for counting the carbon footprint (especially in Scope 3) and including it in construction projects from 2030. The obligation to count the carbon footprint will burden mainly designers, who are increasingly using BIM (Building Information Modelling) in the design process. Performing analysis and calculation of the carbon footprint in BIM models is hampered by the lack of non-graphical information on the subject in library components. The paper explains the concept of CO2 in 3 scope, also discusses currently available tools for counting the carbon footprint, and examines how many components available on the Internet already contain non-graphical information on emissions, as well as ideas for implementing this directive. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches were presented from the perspective of various stakeholders in the planning and investment and construction processes. The aim of the paper was to present possible solutions, ensuring compliance with the EU directive by proposing specific techniques, enabling the calculation of the Scope 3 carbon footprint, using BIM. In addition to a review of existing ideas, an authorial proposal for a national repository of carbon footprint information taking into account all stakeholders was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acceleration of global climate change poses enormous challenges to the automotive manufacturing industry, a key sector in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Particularly, Scope 3 emissions, encompassing indirect emissions, often constitute the largest carbon footprint component in this sector, yet their quantification and management remain challenging. This paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach that integrates cloud computing, text analysis, and machine learning, and systematically details its implementation, key benefits, and potential applications. Through this methodology, the paper seeks to provide the automotive industry with innovative and actionable insights to tackle the complexities of Scope 3 emissions. It focuses on enhancing the accuracy of emission quantification and optimizing supply chains, aiming to reduce the overall carbon footprint. Moreover, this paper outlines the future challenges and directions for these technologies and methodologies in sustainable development and environmental management. This work underlines the critical role of interdisciplinary approaches in resolving environmental challenges, setting the stage for the automotive industry to forge paths towards a greener future. Highlights: • The article explores the challenges of managing Scope 3 emissions, emphasizing the importance of strengthened quantitative analysis and strategic oversight. • The research promotes interdisciplinary integration, combining cloud computing, text analysis, and machine learning to establish a comprehensive framework for emission data management and reduction. • The development of a specialized SaaS platform is proposed to refine data collection practices, enhance stakeholder interaction, and streamline emission management workflow. • The adoption of text analysis in supply chain management optimization is advocated to improve operational efficiency and support decision-making processes. • The discussion covers technological, policy, and market developments potentially affecting Scope 3 emissions management strategies, offering a long-term orientation for future research and industry practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the integration of Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) or Carbon Footprint (CFP), a Carbon Management Accounting (CMA) method that can incentivize firms to reduce carbon. A literature review was conducted to identify the decision-making situations and limitations that MFCA and LCA (CFP) integration models can support. Twenty-one previous literatures were collected and three types of MFCA and LCA (CFP) integration methods were identified: collaborative, product-based partial integration, and process-based partial integration. Next, the collected prior literature was analyzed based on the CMA decision-making framework proposed and some issues were identified. The common challenge of the three existing integrated models is that they can only provide short-term and past-oriented information. It is difficult to provide incentives for carbon reduction because it does not show the relationship between the physical information of carbon emissions and the cost information. It is also difficult to encourage management to make long-term decisions on green procurement, capital investment, environmentally conscious product design, etc. Another common issue is that the use of MFCA tends to focus on the carbon emissions of material losses rather than all the carbon emissions carried by materials, which may impede product development and capital investment with zero or low carbon emissions in mind. This may inhibit product development and capital investment in consideration of zero carbon and low carbon emissions. The quality of LCA (CFP) information to support internal corporate decision-making is still lower than that of MFCA. Finally, another issue is how to share the information from MFCA among supply chains to extend the process-based partially integrated model to the supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of digital technology in agriculture, such as sensors, satellites, and artificial intelligence, for developing sustainable agriculture and controlling the impacts of climate change, has been enhanced under the European Green Deal. Given the environmental exigencies, the agricultural sector must adapt to new technologies that ensure the sustainable development of the whole agri-food sector. This paper emphasizes the importance of measuring carbon footprints in agriculture as a tool for further improving the sustainability of the sector. Specifically, the research addresses the importance of sustainable technologies and practices, including agriculture, circular economy, and conservation agriculture, which play an important role in reducing carbon emissions from the agricultural sector. Thus, in the framework of the European Green Deal and digitalization, a bibliographic analysis was carried out using the Web of Science database to review the scientific interest on carbon footprint generated by farms. The aim of the paper is to tackle the significance given by the scientific community on the carbon footprint of farms in order to enhance the development of a comprehensive set of measures that can incorporate the sector's social and environmental responsibility, and ensure further the right path towards a sustainable future without affecting the profitability of the small farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The calculation of buildings' carbon footprint (CFP) is an important basis for formulating energy-saving and emission-reduction plans for building. As an important building type, there is currently no model that considers the time factor to accurately calculate the CFP of hospital building throughout their life cycle. This paper aims to establish a CFP calculation model that covers the life cycle of hospital building and considers time factor. Design/methodology/approach: On the basis of field and literature research, the basic framework is built using dynamic life cycle assessment (DLCA), and the gray prediction model is used to predict the future value. Finally, a CFP model covering the whole life cycle has been constructed and applied to a hospital building in China. Findings: The results applied to the case show that the CO2 emission in the operation stage of the hospital building is much higher than that in other stages, and the total CO2 emission in the dynamic and static analysis operation stage accounts for 83.66% and 79.03%, respectively; the difference of annual average emission of CO2 reached 28.33%. The research results show that DLCA is more accurate than traditional static life cycle assessment (LCA) when measuring long-term objects such as carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of hospital building. Originality/value: This research established a carbon emission calculation model that covers the life cycle of hospital building and considered time factor, which enriches the research on carbon emission of hospital building, a special and extensive public building, and dynamically quantifies the resource consumption of hospital building in the life cycle. This paper provided a certain reference for the green design, energy saving, emission reduction and efficient use of hospital building, obviously, the limitation is that this model is only applicable to hospital building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is an urgent and serious global problem. Life cycle assessment methods may be used to evaluate the life cycle carbon footprint of a product, such as the National Geographic magazine. The results of the study provide the publisher and material suppliers with information to reduce life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The study also informs consumers of the GHG emissions associated with the product. The purpose of this study was to document the life cycle carbon footprint of the National Geographic magazine. Currently, there is no international standard for conducting a product life cycle carbon footprint. Both the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the World Resources Institute’s Greenhouse Gas Protocol are working to develop standards. The study followed the ISO standards for life cycle assessment (ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006). The Greenhouse Gas Protocol, A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard also provided guidance. The study showed that the life cycle of the National Geographic magazine produces about 0.82 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents per life cycle of the average magazine. The amount of GHG emissions per life cycle of each magazine produced is about the same amount of GHG emissions produced by driving an automobile (8.5 km/liter gasoline) for about 3 km. High quality, geographically and temporally representative data for the study were provided by National Geographic, Verso Paper, and Quad Graphics. These data are specific to the magazine life cycle and account for about 88% of the total energy results and about 75% of the total GHG emissions for the entire life cycle of the magazine. The study includes extraction of raw materials from the earth, processing of raw materials, fuels, intermediate products, transportation steps, manufacture of paper, printing, distribution of the magazine, and final disposition. The results indicate that opportunities for improving the carbon footprint of the magazine are more likely to be found within the manufacturing and printing of the paper. These two steps account for the majority of the greenhouse gas emissions. Including recycled fiber into magazine paper did not improve the carbon footprint of the magazine. Incorporation of groundwood did impact end-of-life emissions from disposal into landfills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green and low carbon automated production has become a research hotspot. In this paper, the AGV transport resource constraint, machine layout and job setup time have been integrated into the background of a flexible job shop. From a whole life-cycle perspective, the AGV allocation strategy has been formulated by simulating multiple scenarios within the production system. Aimed at makespan, carbon footprint, and machine load, a green low-carbon flexible job shop scheduling model with multiple transport equipment (GFJSP-MT) has been constructed. To address this problem, a relevant case dataset was formed, and a heuristic strategy NSGA-II using a real number encoded embedded cycle to replace repeated individuals was proposed. Through longitudinal and horizontal comparisons, the effectiveness of the AGV allocation strategy has been verified and the optimum number of AGVs in the case determined. Finally the quality and diversity of the Pareto frontier solutions are compared and the scheduling scheme for each sub-objective are discussed. The results show that the model and algorithm constructed in this paper can effectively achieve the optimal scheduling of green flexible shop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carbon footprint is a widely used tool to measure the impact of human activities on global warming. The lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly changed energy consumption forms and decreased CO2 emissions worldwide. This research is a trial to elaborate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the carbon footprint of the High Institute of Public Health (HIPH). Objective(s): The present study aimed at measuring the amount of water, electricity, fuel, and paper consumption by HIPH before and during the emergence of COVID-19 and assessing the carbon footprint of the HIPH population inside the building through the same period. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done using a pre-designed questionnaire targeting 10 % of the HIPH population before and during the pandemic. Bills of water, electricity, paper, and fuel consumption were used to calculate the carbon footprint for one year before and one year during COVID-19. Results: Online responses increased during COVID-19 emergence (69.2% during COVID-19 pandemic versus 44.1% before COVID-19 pandemic). Females were more than 2/3 of the respondents (70.6%). There was a significant difference in traveling outside Egypt before and during COVID-19 (X2=12.794, p-value=0.002). A significant reduction in the average time spent in front of the computer at HIPH was found during the emergence of COVID-19 as most of the work became from home (X2= 18.443, p-value= 0.001). Significant reduction in the consumption of hot drinks, cold drinks, bottled water and food inside the HIPH was noticed (X2=50.219, p-value<0.0001; X2=12.030, p-value=0.017; X2=15.945, p-value=0.004; X2=72.929, p-value<0.0001 respectively). The carbon footprint of HIPH in the period from July 2018 to June 2019 was 79.43MT of CO2e. In the period from July 2020 to June 2021, it was 59.85MT of CO2e with a 25% reduction in the emission. Conclusion: The carbon footprint of HIPH was reduced during the lockdown period compared to that before the epidemic. So, efforts should be gathered to hasten the reduction of carbon footprint through encouraging online teaching and changing lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is currently undergoing a transition from a linear economy to a circular one, with the wastewater sector offering numerous opportunities for decarbonization and mitigating the impacts of climate change. Urban wastewater systems are significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the need for a shift towards net-zero carbon states. This paper aims to provide insights into minimizing carbon footprints and achieving net-zero carbon conditions in wastewater systems by examining sources of GHG emissions and exploring effective mitigation strategies. Strategies for decarbonization include operational optimization, energy and resource recovery, source separation systems, and decentralization. Implementing these strategies is crucial for reducing the impacts of climate change and achieving sustainability goals in wastewater systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advances in New & Renewable Energy is the property of Editorial Office of Advances in New & Renewable Energy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Power Generation Technology is the property of Power Generation Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in India is seen as a crucial step towards a sustainable future. As the world moves towards a more sustainable future, EVs have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional gaspowered vehicles. Sustainable marketing emphasizes the importance of social, environmental, and ethical considerations in business practices. Companies that produce and market EVs can use sustainable marketing tactics to showcase their commitment to a sustainable future and appeal to consumers who prioritize responsible choices. This includes promoting the environmental and economic benefits of EVs, using eco-friendly materials in production and packaging, and partnering with organizations that promote sustainable practices and causes. By exploring the intersection of sustainable marketing and EVs, this research paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of how businesses can drive sustainability and promote responsible consumer behaviour. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to identify the sustainability factors that drive countries to promote EVs. To conclude, this paper examined articles published after 2015. The researcher examined various papers to better understand the true sustainability threat posed by EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Universities and their actions affect the environment directly and significantly. Therefore, the carbon footprint (CF) needs to be implemented in these institutions for mitigating climate change and its potential risks. Based on this understanding, the university consortium quality and environment (QualEnv) stands out by its main objective – to increase the university's contribution to sustainable development (SD) through the deployment of systematic environmental practices and quality processes. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to present the CF of the Latin American universities of the QualEnv consortium. Design/methodology/approach: The study was based on the actions for adopting CF and its implementation at the universities that take part in the QualEnv consortium. The measurement process and report presentation were done properly by the universities and published as institutional documents. Therefore, data were collected and analyzed through a document search, systematic literature review and participant observation. Findings: The results show knowledge deepening and systematization on CF in higher education. In addition, it presents the effort of a group of universities that, through a research network, seek to adopt practices towards a carbon-neutral university, which requires an incremental and systematic change to break out of the traditional system. Originality/value: This paper discusses the practical implications for universities and the need to implement initiatives for measuring and reducing their CF since it shows how the institutions belonging to QualEnv consortium have created their own strategies to mitigate climate change and contribute to SD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expected large growth in electric mobility presents challenges, such as requiring a very large amount of critical raw materials like nickel, cobalt, and lithium. Due to this expected growth significant amounts of production scrap from cell and battery manufacturing will be generated. Over the next decade, increasingly larger amounts of Li-ion batteries from electric vehicles will also reach their end-of-life. Hence, in order to close the loop, the development and industrialization of sustainable battery recycling flowsheets are key so that both production scrap and end-of-life batteries can be recycled back to their 'battery grade' building blocks. Battery recycling flowsheets are typically categorized into two categories: (1) 'Pyro-Hydro', a combination of battery smelting in a pyrometallurgical process, followed by the further refining of the alloy via hydrometallurgy; and (2) '(Thermo)mechanical-Hydro', a combination of (thermo)mechanical pretreatment and further hydrometallurgical refining of the resulting black mass. In this paper, a carbon footprint analysis is presented comparing these two battery recycling approaches: 'Pyro-Hydro' and 'Thermomechanical-Hydro', taking into account the impact of the latest evolutions in process technology and efficiency. To facilitate this comparison, a prospective LCA was carried out for the respective flowsheets. The quantitative analysis shows that 'Pyro-Hydro' leads to the lowest overall carbon footprint but also that both 'Pyro-Hydro' and 'Thermomechanical-Hydro' flowsheets have their challenges and opportunities for decarbonization. The inclusion of the fate of side streams such as graphite and electrolyte in the analysis is shown to be critically important in order to gain an objective and complete view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remanufacturing industry is experiencing significant growth, resulting in a substantial increase in its carbon footprint. Unfortunately, this issue is not receiving adequate attention at present. Moreover, existing methods for analyzing carbon footprints in remanufacturing systems are inefficient and inaccurate due to the complex relationship between carbon emissions and the dynamic nature of the systems. In this paper, we propose a multisource data‐driven approach for carbon footprint analysis of remanufacturing systems. First, we examine the relationship between carbon emissions and the uncertainty surrounding end‐of‐life (EOL) product components, as well as the corresponding resource recovery strategies, such as reuse, recycle, and remanufacture. This analysis allows us to define the carbon footprint boundary of remanufacturing systems. Next, we establish a carbon footprint model for recycling strategies using recycling data. Additionally, we propose a carbon footprint model for remanufacture strategies by utilizing the back propagation neural network based on particle swarm optimization algorithm and data from the materials flow, energy flow, and waste flow of these strategies. By combining these models, we can accurately calculate the carbon footprint of remanufacturing systems. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we present a case study on the remanufacturing of an EOL automobile engine. This case study showcases how our methodology can be utilized as a valuable tool for analyzing carbon footprints and identifying strategies to reduce carbon emissions in remanufacturing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In August 2019, a new bus fleet of 36 electric and 58 hybrid buses were implemented in Trondheim, Norway. This paper examines the carbon footprint of electrified city buses, by addressing the achieved and potential reduction for the new bus fleet. Important aspects such as geographical location of production, charging electricity mix, and impact from production and operation on lifetime emissions, are also examined. A meta-analysis on life cycle assessment studies was undertaken to investigate greenhouse gas emissions and energy demand in different parts of bus production. This is followed by the production of a bus model using the findings and comparing electrified buses with diesel and HVO buses. The models were then used in a case study of the bus fleet in Trondheim, to understand the specific parameters affecting the carbon footprint. The results show that the overall carbon footprint has been considerably reduced (37%) by implementing biofuel and electrified buses, and that a further reduction of 52% can be achieved through full electrification. The operation emissions for the fleet were found to be 49 g CO2-eq/person-km, which is lower than the average city bus and passenger car in Norway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a crucial instrument in the construction industry, offering a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impacts at every stage of a building's lifecycle. Recently introduced into Finnish construction legislation, this approach has not yet been thoroughly researched in relation to the Finnish Ministry of the Environment (FMoE) assessment method, nor have new calculation techniques been proposed to address its shortcomings. Furthermore, Finnish research on environmental impact assessment has predominantly focused on residential buildings, leaving a scarcity of studies on office buildings. This paper aims to fill these gaps in the literature, considering LCA, carbon footprint, and carbon handprint assessment tools of concrete-, timber-, and steel-framed cases. Our results are as follows: (1) the majority of the carbon footprint of a concrete-framed case originated from emissions associated with energy use and second largest share of total emissions occurred during the product phase of the building and within this phase, the building services contribute the most to product-related emissions; (2) a significant portion of these emissions came from facades and floor structures; (3) the carbon footprint of the timber-framed option was significantly lower than that of its concrete- and steel-framed counterparts; (4) steel-framed option's carbon footprint was nearly equivalent to that of the concrete-framed option; (5) estimated carbon handprint of the timber-framed option was considerably higher than that of the concrete- and steel-framed options, primarily due to the carbon storage capacity of the timber components; (6) steel-framed option's carbon handprint surpassed that of the concrete-framed option because of the high recycling and reuse potential of steel components; (7) the LCA method used by FMoE has some unclear areas. These ambiguities include how to assess the impacts of carbonation in cement-based products and the replacement of building components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research and management of Industry 4.0 increasingly relies on accurate real-time quality data to apply efficient algorithms for predictive maintenance. Currently, Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) offer potential advantages in monitoring tasks for predictive maintenance. However, their applicability requires improvements in aspects such as energy consumption, transmission range, data rate and constant quality of service. Commonly used battery-operated IIoT devices have several limitations in their adoption in large facilities or heat-intensive industries (iron and steel, cement, etc.). In these cases, the self-heating nodes together with the appropriate low-power processing platform and industrial sensors are aligned with the requirements and real-time criteria required for industrial monitoring. From an environmental point of view, the carbon footprint associated with human activity leads to a steady rise in global average temperature. Most of the gases emitted into the atmosphere are due to these heat-intensive industries. In fact, much of the energy consumed by industries is dissipated in the form of waste heat. With this scenario, it makes sense to build heat transformation collection systems as guarantors of battery-free self-powered IIoT devices. Thermal energy harvesters work on the physical basis of the Seebeck effect. In this way, this paper gathers the methodology that standardizes the modelling and simulation of waste heat recovery systems for IoT nodes, gathering energy from any hot surface, such as a pipe or chimney. The statistical analysis is carried out with the data obtained from two different IoT architectures showing a good correlation between model simulation and prototype behaviour. Additionally, the selected model will be coupled to a low-power processing platform with LoRaWAN connectivity to demonstrate its effectiveness and self-powering ability in a real industrial environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The paper aims to explore and identify the recent contributions to the literature available about various environmental issues associated with the Knowledge Industry, from conception until dissemination of knowledge to end-users from the sources available. Design/methodology/approach – An extensive literature survey was performed in an attempt to identify substantial works published to date concerning environmental issues coupled with the Knowledge Industry. A range of online scholarly databases, search engines and websites of recognized international as well as national organizations and publishers was searched, to spot out the substantial works carried out in the area. Varied search terms such as "environmental issues of paper industry", "paper consumption for books", "books and carbon footprint" "environmental issues in pulp and paper industry", "computers and carbon footprint", "publishing industry and environment", "internet and environmental issues" and "green computing", etc. were used for retrieving the literature. Findings – The literature review connotes that hardly any systematic study or scholarly output which can facilitate the precise and accurate facts about environmental issues coupled with the Knowledge Industry is available, although the size of the industry and its effect on the environment is quite large. Practical implications – It is evident from the scrutiny of literature existing that there are still areas for advanced exploration on the topic of environmental concerns of the Knowledge industry; and study paves the way for the concerned organizations and institutions (such as Libraries and Publishers), at global level, to take substantial measures to overcome hazardous effects from the industry. Originality/value – The paper is the first ordered and thorough attempt to review the literature and provide a summary of adverse effects of the Knowledge Industry on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon emissions of the beer industry have always been a concern. To reduce environmental pollution, this paper systematically calculates the carbon emissions of the beer supply chain and studies the optimization of carbon emissions reduction through scenario simulation. In this study, the boundary of the beer supply chain carbon emissions system is constructed. The scenario simulation and simulation analysis are carried out based on five factors: water recycling utilization rate, power generation mode, weight–volume ratio, recovery ratio, and transportation mode. To obtain the optimal scheme of economic cost and emissions reduction, the cost of the beer supply chain is analyzed under the condition of carbon trading. The results show that the proportion of carbon emissions in each link of the beer supply chain is production, packaging, transportation, and storage, which are 59.58%, 22.27%, 17.67%, and 0.5%, respectively. The improvement of the water recycling utilization rate of manufacturing enterprises can reduce the overall carbon emissions of the supply chain, and the effect is obvious. The highest proportion of carbon emissions in the packaging link is the bottle consumption stage (22.43%). Raw materials transportation accounts for the highest proportion of total carbon emissions in transportation (63.73%). The waterway/railway ratio will be increased to 0.6/0.4, and the carbon emissions in the supply chain will be reduced by 5.7%. In the context of carbon trading, when the carbon trading price is higher than 49.16 yuan/ton, enterprises can achieve a win-win situation in reducing emissions and maintaining positive economic growth by the measures given in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon footprint (CF) research has received increasing attention in recent years, as evidenced by a rise in publications and citations, reflecting a growing concern for the environmental impact of human activities. However, the alignment of this scientific literature with the three dimensions of sustainability performance provided by the TBL paradigm (people, planet, and profit) has received limited attention. This study addresses this research gap by undertaking a large-scale bibliometric analysis of 9032 Web of Science (WoS) publications from 1992 to 2020. At the macro (journals) and micro (papers) levels, a methodology approach to classify research publications according to TBL dimensions was designed. The results indicate that the output and impact of CF research are balanced with respect to the environmental (planet) and economic (prosperity/profit) dimensions, while the social impact is balanced with respect to the people+profit dimensions. Other than that, "Affordable and Clean Energy" (3761 publications) and "Climate Action" (3091 publications) are the most frequently represented (and interconnected) objectives. The results obtained contribute to a greater understanding of the contribution of CF research to the attainment of the SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study focused on two pivotal innovations in the field of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) to significantly enhance its durability and sustainability in construction. First, our research investigates the application of advanced self-healing mechanisms in FRC. By embedding microcapsules containing healing agents within the concrete matrix, we achieved a remarkable reduction in crack propagation and improved structural integrity. Our results demonstrate that the self-healing FRC exhibited a 30% increase in compressive strength and a 40% reduction in crack width, leading to a longer service life for concrete structures. Second, we explore the integration of sustainable materials in FRC production. By incorporating locally sourced and recycled materials, we successfully reduced the environmental impact associated with FRC manufacturing. Our findings reveal a substantial reduction in carbon emissions, with a 25% decrease in the overall carbon footprint of FRC production. This innovation not only contributes to a greener construction industry but also aligns with sustainability goals and regulations. This research underscores the transformative potential of self-healing mechanisms and sustainable material integration in FRC, offering tangible results in terms of increased durability and reduced environmental impact. These innovations promise to reshape the construction landscape, aligning it with the principles of sustainability and long-term structural resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factors influencing the carbon footprint of anchoring systems using the example of a soil nailing system Sustainability is an increasingly important issue in the construction industry. The desire for greater sustainability is often pitted against the demand for high quality. After all, the quality of building products not only affects our daily well‐being, but quality in construction primarily stands for safety, load‐bearing capacity and serviceability of building components – as all involved in construction are inevitably taught during their training. There is often a preconception that sustainability and the demand for high quality are at odds with each other. The aim of this paper is to address the issue of sustainability in geotechnical anchoring systems and to identify and evaluate the factors influencing the carbon footprint. Using soil nailing as an example, it is shown that steel and its production, as well as cement, play a crucial role. By choosing the right soil nailing system, the user has a significant influence on the quality and sustainability of geotechnical anchoring systems. In addition, the paper will show how optimisation potential can be exploited in practice. Last but not least, a practical construction project will illustrate the amount of CO2 that can be saved by choosing the ideal anchoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the Earth's surface temperature to rise. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, perfluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Human activities are increasing greenhouse gas concentrations rapidly, which is causing global climate change. Global climate change is increasing environmental and public health problems. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to identify where the emissions are coming from, develop a plan to reduce them, and then implement and monitor the plan to ensure that emissions are actually reduced. Anthropogenic global climate change has large and increasingly adverse economic effects. Cities emit the most greenhouse gas due to fossil fuel burning and power usage. The four major greenhouse gas emitters are energy, transportation, waste management, and urban land use sectors. Organizations should prepare action plans to lower their greenhouse gas emissions and stop the worst consequences of climate change. These action plans require companies and local authorities to submit their greenhouse gas emissions reports on a yearly basis. A greenhouse gas emissions management system includes several processes and tools created by organizations to understand, measure, monitor, report, and validate their greenhouse gas emissions. Two of the most widely adapted frameworks for greenhouse gases inventory reporting are ISO 14064 and the greenhouse gas protocol. This review paper aims to identify some of the key points of GHG inventory preparation and mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper clarifies the farm applicability and feasibility of spreading biodegradable plastic film mulching for garlic production to ensure the green and sustainable development of the garlic industry. We set up a field trial of garlic planting with biodegradable plastic film mulching (BM) and plastic film mulching (PM), using no film mulching (CK) as the control, and measured CH4 and N2O emissions in the garlic fields. The yield-scaled global warming potential, carbon footprint, and net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) were used to assess the comprehensive impact of the different treatments. Compared to the CK, film mulching significantly increased CH4 absorption, with significantly higher seasonal cumulative CH4 emissions (20.5%) in BM than PM, but significantly increased N2O emissions, with significantly lower seasonal cumulative N2O emissions (23.53%) in BM than PM. Both BM and PM improved garlic yield, with PM significantly increasing garlic yield by 18.86% compared to the CK. Moreover, film mulching significantly decreased the yield-scaled global warming potential (by 52.06% and 40.82% in PM and BM, respectively). PM had a significantly higher carbon footprint than BM. Film mulching improved NEEB by 9.29–11.78%. Considering crop yields and environmental benefits, we propose BM as an effective method for a green and efficient garlic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the results of a field experiment investigating how attributes of carbon footprint information affect consumer choice in a large dining facility. Our hypotheses and research methods were preregistered via the Journal of Accounting Research's registration‐based editorial process. Manipulating the measurement units and visualizations of carbon footprint information on food labels, we quantify effects on consumers' food choices. Treated consumers choose less carbon‐intensive dishes, reducing their food‐related carbon footprint by up to 9.2%, depending on the treatment. Effects are strongest for carbon footprint information expressed in monetary units ("environmental costs") and color‐coded in the familiar traffic‐light scheme. A postexperimental survey shows that these effects obtain although few respondents self‐report concern for the environmental footprint of their meal choices. Our study contributes to the accounting literature by using an information‐processing framework to shed light on the information usage and decision‐making processes of an increasingly important user group of accounting information: consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the convergence of per capita carbon and ecological footprints in G7 countries during 1961–2016. For this purpose, we propose a new unit root test in the panel setting–the panel Fourier threshold unit root test. This test takes into consideration both multiple smooth structural changes and nonlinearity. According to the literature, the power of the nonlinear unit root tests is reduced in the case of ignoring structural breaks. Therefore, we expect to get more reliable empirical findings by utilizing this methodology. The empirical results of this paper show that these series have nonlinear behaviors for the period 1961–2016. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the absolute convergence hypothesis is valid in G7 countries for both regimes. Thus, governments can conduct common environmental policies, including international climate summits and agreements, instead of national-based policies to mitigate environmental deterioration in their countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the new situation of "Two Mountains" theory and "Dual Carbon" goals, our country has issued a series of policies and preferential conditions to encourage the preparation of gypsum cementitious materials from industrial by-product gypsum, including calcined gypsum, α high-strength gypsum, mixed phase gypsum, et al. So far, there are few carbon footprint calculation reports on gypsum cementitious materials in China. In this paper, the carbon footprint calculation model of gypsum cementitious materials prepared from industrial by-product gypsum was established based on life cycle assessment method, which was demonstrated through the production of α high-strength gypsum from phosphogypsum. The results show that the carbon footprint in three stages of raw material acquisition, production and transportation of α highstrength gypsum product is 3.95, 288.04 and 14.31 kg CO2 eq/t, respectively, and the total emission is 306.3 kg CO2 eq/t. The carbon emission in production stage is the largest, which is an important segment to reduce energy consumption, reduce carbon emission and save costs. The carbon footprint calculation model established in this paper is applicable to the carbon footprint calculation for calcined gypsum, α high-strength gypsum, anhydrite, mixed phase gypsum, et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Recent agricultural policies require the complementary use of area-based and product-based environmental indicators to assess agricultural system transitions because both alleviating productivity-environment trade-offs and increasing food value chain sustainability are crucial in successful policy decisions. However, there is a dilemma due to the exclusiveness between representing trade-offs in the transition paths and connecting the calculated results to the assessment of downstream food products. Here, this paper proposes a procedure to resolve the dilemma. Methods: The dilemma-resolving procedure is to partition product footprint changes into yield and environmental improvement effects in the same unit as the product footprint. After specifying a typology of transition toward agricultural sustainability, the partitioning procedure was developed on the basis of mapping from a two-dimensional space (area-based indicators) to a one-dimensional space (product-based indicators). To demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the partitioning procedure, this paper applied it to the three categories of agricultural system transitions, including those to organic agriculture, integrated production, and production systems involving new agricultural inputs such as microbial inoculants and biostimulants, using the cases of the impact category of global warming (carbon footprint). The transition dataset (matched pairs) was constructed using a bibliographical survey. Results and discussion: The results indicate that the partitioning procedure is effective and has good performance: (1) it was able to apply to all the cases in the dataset and to classify all the cases into six specified transition types; (2) it was differentiable between the three transition categories; and (3) it was able to explain the features of each transition category. These results imply that the perspective on agricultural system transitions can be integrated with the perspective on food value chains. Therefore, productivity-environment trade-offs during the research and development phase of agricultural technologies can be linked to environmental mitigation practices along the food value chains. Conclusions: The results imply that, by applying the partitioning procedure, the recent agricultural policy framework contained two exclusive perspectives can be explained consistently. Every stakeholder related to agricultural policy making should be explicit about product-environment trade-offs during agricultural system transitions, as well as about food value chain sustainability. The partitioning procedure facilitates such stakeholder practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household food waste (HFW) accounted for about 66% of global food waste's total carbon footprints (CF). Based on China's macro-panel food consumption data, this paper measures the urban–rural and provincial differences in the HFW CF from scale, structure, and temporal-spatial evolution perspectives. The results indicate that HFW and CF continue to grow, and the total CF and per capita HFW in urban households are higher than in rural households. The structural differences between urban and rural HFW CF vary significantly over time and spaces, which reflected that rural households in the southeastern coastal areas have higher per capita HFW CF than urban in 2019. The research results help to clarify the distribution and evolution pattern of HFW CF in China and offer new ideas for the differentiated governance of CF reduction in the food system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Reducing our carbon footprint (CF) or decarbonizing is a sustainable development goal. Although there has been an increase in research on this topic, little is known about the status of CF research within universities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the initiatives implemented in universities aimed at reducing CF in their efforts toward creating a Green Campus. Design/methodology/approach: Using a bibliometric method, the status of this field of research was examined for the purpose of identifying the main publications and the most central researchers in terms of productivity and citations. Also, by using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the regions of the world with the most active research, as well as the direction of research, were identified. Findings: The survey identified the region that published the most on the subject in the past 10 years, as well as the most relevant authors in the publications. Through this factor analysis, it was possible to identify, among the 105 publications analyzed, four distinct factors (clusters) with different thematic strands that appear to define a difference between the related studies on this topic. These factors were identified as campus management: supply and consumption operations; greenhouse gases emissions assessment: CF calculation; university air travel; sustainable food systems. The changes in people's attitudes and in the use of university spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the CF was also noted as a point that can be investigated in future research. As well as the reflection of the reduction in academic air travel and the "forced" occurrence of online events during the same period. Originality/value: The paper aims to innovate by applying the multidimensional scaling method and EFA to scientific articles on the topic of decarbonizing campuses and identifying the clusters that constitute this field of study. The research seeks to contribute to current metric knowledge on the topic and to the creation of a specific research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper investigates the effects of climate change along with ecological and carbon footprint on rice crop production in India during 1982–2016. Design/methodology/approach: The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) models are used in the paper. Findings: A long-run relationship is found between climate change and rice production in India. Results report that ecological footprint and carbon footprint spur long-term rice production. While rainfall boosts rice crop productivity in the short term, it has a negative long-term impact. Further, the findings of ARDL models are validated by other cointegration models, i.e., the FMOLS and CCR models. Research limitations/implications: This study provides insights into the role of ecological footprint and carbon footprint along with climate variables in relation to rice production. Originality/value: In the literature, the effects of ecological and carbon footprint on rice production are missing. Therefore, this is the first study to empirically examine the impact of climate change along with ecological footprint and carbon footprint on rice production in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A typical palm oil mill is estimated to produce greenhouse gas emissions of 637-1,131 kg CO2 eq/t crude palm oil. Huge efforts are being made to reduce the carbon footprint of palm oil mills. However, the data from such research works have not been consolidated. This paper is a critical review of the most recent developments in the palm oil milling process and unit operations that leads to greenhouse gas emissions, specifically focusing on the development of palm oil mills today. In addition, the paper explored the importance of energy self-sufficiency of palm oil mills. To do so, the author compared this configuration with a mill that requires an external power supply and estimated that a self-sufficient palm oil mill could potentially reduce emissions by 457 kg CO2 eq/t crude palm oil. Methods with the greatest positive effect on the carbon footprint have been identified for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The restoration of aging sewer networks is a fundamental remediation approach with the aim of renewing or improving existing systems. Remediation methods include repair, renovation, and replacement (renewal). The restoration of a sewer network itself can be performed using either excavation or trenchless technologies. While these technologies offer various advantages, they also present disadvantages. The choice of a restoration technology depends on numerous parameters, including economic factors and local conditions (such as the construction of the existing sewage network, available working space, traffic load, and environmental safety restrictions). In addition to the parameters influencing the choice of restoration technology, recent considerations have been given to constraints related to greenhouse gas emissions and the corresponding carbon footprint. Carbon footprint serves as an indicator of the restoration activity's dependence on fossil fuels, both during implementation and operation. In the 21st century, concerns regarding carbon footprints have rapidly escalated. The reduction in carbon footprints is a crucial objective from both an economic and an ecological point of view. This article specifically addresses the prospects of monitoring the carbon footprint concerning the partial restoration of a sewer network within the historical core of the city of Brno, located in the Czech Republic. This aspect constitutes the unique and innovative contribution of the paper. The intensity of the energy demand of excavation and trenchless technologies is utilized as a direct measure of the carbon footprint of each technology. The comparative assessment demonstrates that the trenchless technology used achieves a reduction of 59.2% in CO2 emissions compared to the excavation technology. The carbon footprint of Variant 1 (trenchless technology) is 9.91 t CO2 eq., while the carbon footprint of Variant 2 (excavation technology) is 24.29 t CO2 eq. The restoration of open pipelines produces more emissions due to the higher energy consumption, making it more expensive in terms of fuel costs, waste disposal costs, and the corresponding environmental hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most pressing questions today is how to prevent or slow down climate change. As a service sector, transport significantly contributes to this and increases greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, creating long-term sustainable social, economic and environmental processes by eliminating current systemic failures can also be a significant challenge for individual nations. One thing is sure: the status quo is not sustainable. Taking all these aspects into account, this paper seeks to answer the question of the extent to which the performance of freight transport in each EU Member State contributes to the change in the ecological footprint and how national characteristics influence this. The research introduces a newly established indicator, the freight transport footprint, which is based on a family of footprint formulas and specifically seeks to answer the extent to which freight transport burdens our environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, a situational awareness of sustainability is becoming increasingly important. Leaving a better world for future generations is becoming the main interest of many studies. It also puts pressure on managers to change production methods in most industries. Reducing carbon emissions in industry today is crucial to saving our planet. Theoretical research and practical industry requirements diverge, even though numerous researchers have tackled various strategies to handle carbon emission problems. Therefore, this work considers the carbon emission problem of the furniture manufacturing industry in Hosur, Tamilnadu, India. The case study company has a manufacturing system that resembles a hybrid flow shop (HFS) environment. As the HFS scheduling problems are NP-hard in nature, exact solution techniques could not be used to solve the problems. Hence, a sequential hybrid optimization algorithm (SHOA) has been developed in this paper to minimize the carbon footprint. In the SHOA, the pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm (PIOA) is hybridized sequentially with the firefly algorithm (FA). A computational experimental design is proposed to analyze the efficiency of the introduced strategy, and the solutions indicate that the developed approach could reduce the carbon footprint by up to 9.82%. The results motivate us to implement the proposed algorithm in the manufacturing industry to reduce the carbon footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]