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Purpose: This study aimed to examine personal and professional factors in determining the research activity and research culture among dental teaching faculty members in Hyderabad City, Telangana. Materials and Method: Two dental schools with ongoing dental undergraduate and postgraduate programmes were included in the study. The Research and Development (R&D) Culture Index Questionnaire comprising 16 items was employed for this study. Also, self‑reported research activity undertaken in the past twelve months was recorded. The association of demographic variables and professionally related variables with the perception of R&D culture and participation in research activities was assessed using the Chi‑square test. A P value was set at 0.05. Results: Of the one‑hundred and fifteen faculty members who participated in the study, seventy‑four (64.4%) worked in the government sector and forty‑one (35.6%) in privately funded dental college. The mean age of the study population was 34.11 + 7.13 years. The majority of them presented a paper or poster at the conference (66.1%; 76) followed by publishing paper in peer‑review journal (42.6%; 49) and grant application for research (6.1%; 7), and authoring of a textbook was undertaken by only 2.6% of the study population. Males (61.1%; P = 0.04) and those employed in private dental college (65.8%; P = 0.02) had significantly high levels of overall perception than their respective counterparts. Conclusion: Our study concludes that this study population has a positive perception (50.32 + 6.95) towards research with the majority of them having done a paper or poster publication (66.1%) in the last one year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digitization of health records and health delivery processes in health care settings may have an impact on the Patient-Physician communication, wait times, that affect the overall patient satisfaction with the health care services. Aim & Objective: We ascertained the effect of digitization of medical case files on the doctor patient relationship (DPR) domain of patient satisfaction at an urban primary health center in India. Settings and Design: Comparative, cross-sectional study in primary health centres. Methods and Material: The patient satisfaction was compared between the patients attending the Public Health Dispensary (PHD) that uses digitized medical case file system and a Civil Dispensary (CD) which follows the conventional paper based medical records, using a Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ). Statistical analysis used: Univariate analysis was done by chi-square test and adjusted analysis was done by multiple linear regression. Results: Patient satisfaction in DPR was found to be similar between the digitized medical case files based and conventional OPD (p=0.453). Significantly higher overall patient satisfaction was reported in the conventional paper based OPD than the digitized OPD (p<0.001). Conclusions: Patient satisfaction towards the doctor-patient relationship (DPR) was similar between paper based OPD and the digitized medical case files based OPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Menstruation is a major physiological change in a woman's life, but lack of knowledge, poor practices, socio-cultural barriers, poor access to products and their improper disposal have significant consequences on health, dignity and well-being of women and adolescent girls. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices related to menstrual health and hygiene amongst females of 10–49 years of age; explore the experiences and challenges of women during menstruation; and identify the key predictors of healthy menstrual health and hygiene. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we adopted a mixed methods approach for data collection. For quantitative household survey, a total of 921 respondents were selected from three districts of Odisha. Qualitative findings through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews supplemented the survey findings and helped to identify the barriers affecting good menstrual practices. Epi data version 2.5 and R 4.2.2 was used for data entry and data analysis, respectively. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate proportion, mean and standard deviation; Chi square test was used to measure the association between categorical variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistics analyses were done to identify predictors of healthy menstrual health and hygiene. For qualitative data analysis, thematic analysis approach was adopted using software Atlas.ti 8. Results: For 74.3% respondents, mothers were the primary source of information; about 61% respondents were using sanitary pad. The mean age at menarche was 12.9 years and almost 46% of respondents did not receive any information about menstruation before menarche. Lower age and education up to higher secondary level or above had statistically significant associations with the knowledge about menstruation. Age, caste, respondent's education, mother's education, sanitation facility, availability of water, accessibility and affordability for sanitary pads were found to be strongly associated with good menstrual hygiene practices. Conclusion: Traditional beliefs regarding menstruation still persists at the community level. Educating mothers, increasing awareness about safe menstrual hygiene, providing adequate water and sanitation facilities and ensuring proper disposal of menstruation products need priority attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of socio-economic factors on the Mutual Funds' investment pattern in India with reference to the frequency and time period of investments of retail investors is attempted. The paper also recognizes the financial objectives and, proposes a model facilitating the investment behavior of the retail investors. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Chi-square test were conducted to evaluate both the significant demographic impact on investment patterns as well as the pertinent perception of the investors towards particular mutual fund/s selection. The study reveals that mutual fund is now being considered as one of the important investment options among the investors irrespective of their gender and age. The findings further support the impact of educational and income levels on the preference of investment in mutual funds. The study also reveals that the investors are inclined more towards this investment avenue mainly due to its ease of investing, higher returns and the minimum risk associated with investing in mutual funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a significant public health problem across the nations, is among the top ten leading causes of death. More than 370 million indigenous people (referred to as tribal people in India) are spread across 90 countries. India has the largest tribal people of 104 million. Tribal populations are not exceptional to the threat of type 2 DM (T2DM) and other non-communicable diseases, and hence, public health programmes are addressing this problem. This paper reports the systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the prevalence of T2DM. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to understand the prevalence of T2DM among the tribal populations of India, following the guidelines of the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. The gender-wise prevalence was recalculated by extracting the data wherever possible. Forest plots were depicted based on the prevalence, and other analyses were performed. On initial searches from three databases, 5422 citations were identified, and ultimately 27 studies were included in the review. These studies were undertaken amongst different tribes in different parts of India. The pooled prevalence of T2DM among men, women and combined were 6.04% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.55% to 6.57%), 6.48% (95% CI: 6.01% to 6.99%) and 4.94% (95% CI: 4.72% to 5.17%), respectively. Considerable heterogeneity was found among these studies. This systematic review provides an overview of the prevalence of T2DM among the Indian tribal population. The pooled overall prevalence is slightly lower than the general population. This situation is worrisome as the epidemic of T2DM will affect the poor tribal communities, who can least afford to bear the health care costs. Hence, the public health care services must be strengthened in all tribal areas. This review further warrants establishing surveillance of T2DM in tribal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A decline in fertility rate and expansion in life span has resulted in the growth in the percentage of aged populations in the whole world. India and Odisha are no exceptions. Objectives: The objective of the present paper is to find out the incidence of functional ability/inability among the aged people of the rural areas of western Odisha of India. Materials and Methods: Katz Scale of ADL was used to assess the functional ability of elderly people. Six activities of daily living such as (Bathing, Dressing, Toilet, Mobility, Continence, and Feeding) were analyzed as per age and sex of the samples. Results: Of all the samples (1992), 98.5 percent are physically independent and only 1.4 percent are physically dependent. Out of 945 female elderly people, 931 (98.1%) are independent and out of 1047 male elderly people 1033 (98.6%) are independent. The physical dependency of females is more with a χ² -- value of 0.075 and p -- value of 0.466. The age group wise χ² -- value is 20.899 (3) and p -- value of 0.001. Conclusion: Lesser physical dependency is found among the elderly people in rural areas. An increase in dependency is seen with the increase in age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand the patterns and incidence of child labour in India and to examine the magnitude of child labour across different social groups. It analyses the impact of the socio-economic background of the children on their participation in the labour market. Design/methodology/approach: The paper primarily relies on the data collected from secondary sources. The census of India data and the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) 66th round data (2009–2010) on employment and unemployment in India for the study. The dependent variable on child labour has been computed by the author for the analysis in the paper. Findings: The findings of the paper suggest that poverty is not the only determinant of child labour, but gender and caste of a person is also a significant factor for child labour. The study found that children from lower-caste backgrounds in India seem to participate more in the labour market. In terms of gender, the study found that boys are more likely to engage in economic activities or paid jobs while girls are more likely to engage in household activities. Originality/value: Data used in this paper has been extracted by the author from unit level data provided by NSSO. The variables used for the analysis in the presented paper has been constructed by the author and the figures provided are the result of the author's estimation on data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The banking and financial sector of India is presently on its way towards an era of digitalization. This has led to several disruptions in the financial services sector and the conventional way of maintaining banker-customer relationship. This paper makes an attempt to identify the most tech-savvy person in a family who conducts online financial transactions. Further, it tries to study the role of demography and hedonic motivation to embrace a culture of digital transactions. The study was exploratory as well as descriptive in nature, with a sample size of 1200 individual household units. For the analysis of data gathered from the field survey, counts, percentage, chi square test and logistic regression has been used. The study found that children are the most techno-savvy entities in a family, and they are the ones who mainly perform online financial transactions. And among the various demographic variables considered, it has been found that age and education level of the respondents have a significant impact on the hedonic motivation to adopt online banking. These identified variables can be used as the predictors of hedonic motivation that leads to adoption of online banking. The study also found that respondents in the younger age groups have more hedonic motivation towards adoption of online banking transactions. Further, in terms of educational qualification, respondents with higher level of educational qualifications have more hedonic motivation towards adoption of online banking. These observations can be important inputs for policy makers and marketers while taking key decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have captured the experiences of teachers teaching online, but the current 'emergency' to teach online is unprecedented and has been challenging. Grounded in the theory of cognitive dissonance, this paper attempts to recapitulate the experiences of university teachers and analyses whether they have developed the consonant cognitions to teach online during the pandemic period or would they prefer switching back to 'normal' teaching as soon as the circumstances permit. Technology-enabled teaching has been found to be complex as it mandates teaching in a computerised setting and lacks an element of social interaction, which is at the heart of face-to-face teaching. Using Structural Equation Modelling, this study presents the determining factors that motivate teachers to embrace technology-driven teaching more convincingly. The study finds that in the absence of adequate training imparted to the teachers for developing technological and pedagogical knowledge (TPK), high psychological capital and facilitating conditions are the two most important factors ensuring teaching proficiency, creating positive online experiences and a continued intention to teach online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to document the participation of intra-household decision-making activities by older adults in India. Design/methodology/approach: This study has used a nationally representative sample of 21,662 older adults (aged 60 and above) from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India data of 2017–2018. Intra-household decision-making participation is measured based on decision-making activities that includes marriage of daughter/son, buying and selling of property, giving a gift to the family, education of family member and arrangement of social/religious events. This paper used bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression model to examine the factors associated with the participation of older adults in the intra-household decision-making activities. Findings: The result has shown that older persons' participation declined with increased age. This study has also found a difference in the participation of intra-households decision-making activities between male and female, rural and urban older adults, poor and rich older adults. Older adults with good health status who maintain social engagement and a good lifestyle are more likely to participate in the household's decision-making activities. Practical implications: Older adults with better economic and social status are more likely to participate in intra-household decision-making activities that make their life happier than the counterpart. Therefore, emphasis should be given to those vulnerable older adults who do not have any social and economic security in the society. Originality/value: There are limited studies available on intra-household decision-making participation by older adults. This paper documents the intra-household decision-making participation by older adults in India with a nationally representative large sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is currently in a good position to design a particularly Indian set of health reforms to help the health system meet the growing demands of its consumers and personnel. There are several managerial obstacles to ensuring availability, access, affordability, and equity in delivering health services to fulfil community requirements efficiently and effectively for Healthy India's Sustainable Development. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the opinions of users who avail of services offered by Primary Health Centres (PHCs) in selected villages of Vadodara District. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the hypothesis is assessed by using Chi Square test as well as Friedman Rank Test was applied to know the preferences and measure perception of users considering the selected criteria of services offered by the PHCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Contemporary society has led to the increasing use of electronic equipment that is very much responsible for the burden of electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste contains very hazardous substance that harms health and environmental conditions. There is no delicate mechanism for the management of e-waste in Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh. This study assessed knowledge, practice, and awareness of e-waste management among residents of this city. Material and methods: The study was conducted amongst users of electronic equipment living in the Lucknow City of Uttar Pradesh. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Multi-stage random sampling was done for the selection of participants for the study. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was administered in a single setting for all phases. The total optimum sample size is 700 individuals who participated in the study. Data were entered in MS Excel 2016 and descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were calculated, applying the chi-square test for association using R-4.2.1 Statistical software. Aim and objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the management of electronic waste among users of electronic equipment residing in Lucknow city. Results: Only 37% of users are aware that e-waste adversely affects health. Only 34.3% of users knew that e-waste should be given to the seller or manufacturer for recycling while rest told that it should be stored at home, sold to a scrap dealer, or disposed with normal waste. 87.3% users are not aware about e-waste govt guidelines. In the current study electronic and print media like television, radio and news paper were not found to be source of information for e-waste disposal. Conclusion: Education regarding the ill effects of e-waste is essential for people and awareness of proper disposal of e-waste is the need of the hour. Electronic and print media as well as companies producing electronic equipment should play a significant role to awaken the respondent about the disposal of e-waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper delineates the appraising and comparing the circumstances that may influence the choices and preferences of the undergraduates of National Institutes of Technology (NITs) of the north-western region of India for using library's print versus electronic resources. The author investigated the circumstances in knowing whether different situations impact their choice for using print or electronic resources concerning their demographical characteristics for their academic learning. Design/methodology/approach: The study used a survey of undergraduates at six NITs in the north-western region of India. The responses were analysed using Chi-Square, Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis statistical analysis tests, via SPSS software. Findings: The study revealed that respondents preferred a mix of both forms of sources for their academic studies under different circumstances. The results reveal that the institution of respondents affected the choice of print resources over e-resources and vice versa in many different circumstances. Respondents' year of study affected the choice of using print over e-resources and vice versa in certain situations. The residential backdrop affects the choice of using e-resources over print in some situations. Gender of respondents affects the choice of using e-resources over print under some situations. Practical implications: The study will further aid librarians at six NITs in the north-western region of India to know whether print resources still have the same importance among library users or their preference switched towards using electronic resources. Originality/value: This study offers new perspectives on the use of print verses electronic resources among the undergraduates at six NITs in the north-western region of India so that the libraries can procure desired resources rather than moving with the market trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to assess the knowledge on use of diaper and its impact on child health among mothers of infants. The objectives of the study was to assess the knowledge on use of diaper and its impact on child health among mothers of infants and to find out the association between the knowledge onuse of diaper and its impact of child health among the mothers of infants and selected socio personal variables. Non experimental descriptive study design was used in the study. The data was collected by using a semi structured questionnaire. The collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows that out of 50 samples majority of the children are of age range 0-2 months, 52% were male children and was first born (54%). Majority of the sample are at age group 26-30 years (36%), 58% samples are educated upto graduate level, 42% of samples were housewives and 48% have family income above 30,000, 94% of children were using disposable diapers ,42% of children using diapers for 3-4 hours and 80% children had no exposure to diaper rash. Among the samples, 56% of mother had moderate knowledge, 34% of mothers had poor knowledge and, 10% of mothers had good knowledge. There is significant association between the age of mother and occupation of mother and there is no association between age of child, sex of child, birth order of child, education of mother, income of family, type of diaper used, duration of diaper used, previous exposure to diaper rash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to examine the impact of Ind AS on some accounting numbers and also to examine if there is any statistically significant difference among the prevailing opinions regarding Ind AS adoption in India. We took the top 45 companies from the Bombay Stock Exchange, according to their market capitalisation, and excluded banking, non-banking financial companies, and insurance companies due to non-availability of data, and made a questionnaire for opinion survey. We applied paired t-test on the secondary data and a chi-square test on the primary data. No statistically significant difference was found in the accounting numbers after the adoption of Ind AS. Results also revealed that there is homogeneity in the opinion of respondents with different work experiences and occupations regarding the impact of Ind AS on accounting numbers. Indian companies should provide more disclosure in their financial statements, so that the informational content of accounting numbers can be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Occupational health surveillance in India, focused on notifiable diseases, relies heavily on periodic medical examination, and isolated surveys. The opportunities to identify changes in morbidity patterns utilizing data available in workplace on-site clinics is less explored in India context. Aims: Present paper describes longitudinal assessment of morbidity patterns and trends among employees seeking care in occupation health clinic (OHC). The study also intends to explore associations between work department, clinic visits and morbidity pattern. Materials and Methods: Record-based analysis was undertaken on data available (for the period 2010-2014) from two OHCs in a leading automobile industry in India. The doctor, examining every employee, documented the provisional diagnosis in specific software which in turn provides summary diagnosis based on affected body organ system as per ICD-10 categories. This information was used to assess the morbidity pattern and trend among workers. Chi-square test of significance and Extended Mantel-Haenszel chi square test was used assess the association and its linear trend. Results: Respiratory, musculoskeletal and digestive system related diseases were the top three reasons for employees visit to OHC. The nature of morbidity varied across different departments in the industry. There was a significant increase in proportion of employees visiting OHC during 2010-2014. Conclusion: A clinic visit record, with its own strengths and limitations, provides information on morbidity pattern and its trends among workers. Such information will help plan, implement and evaluate health preventive, promotive, and curative services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence and severity of Covid 2019 has brought to light new vulnerabilities of Health Care Workers (HCWs) in their working conditions, social protection, and occupational safety and mental health. In view of this, our paper aimed to provide comprehensive analysis of psychological stress, socio-economic impact, government intervention, interpersonal relations, work-life balance, and coping strategies of HCWs during the pandemic time in India. Based on data collected physically from 606 HCWs working in seven hospitals located in Delhi-NCR using structured questionnaires, six latent variables were constructed. T-test and ANOVA technique along with Post-hoc analysis was used to make comparisons and identify groups across which significant differences existed. Further, a two-group discriminant analysis was performed to find the variables that best discriminated between HCWs from private or public hospitals and medically or not-medically trained. Lastly, chi-squared (χ²) test was performed to examine the statistical association between coping strategies and few demographic characteristics. The results revealed that females and medically-trained HCWs were more psychologically stressed than their counterparts. Work-life-balance and interpersonal relations were found to be more disturbed among the medically-trained HCWs. Government regulations favourably affected the non-medically trained and HCWs with children and elderlies. Additionally, the impact of interpersonal relationships and work-life-balance was found to be adverse on permanent HCWs. Discriminant analysis showed that interpersonal relationships, followed by government intervention, work-life balance and socio-economic impact were the most important predictors between medically and non-medically trained HCWs. However, none of these factors discriminated between HCWs from private or public hospitals. Further, the preference patterns of coping strategies suggested that HCWs worked with an optimistic state of mind and adopted positive techniques. To make the healthcare system more resilient, it is strongly suggested that the government should play a key role during the times of pandemic, especially-encompassing females and financially stressed categories of HCWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study includes the concept of Kundalini - a coiled serpent power from the Eastern philosophy of yoga. Generally looked up as one of the mystical concept by common man. The main objective of the paper is to develop a scale which can simplify the concept of kundalini. We have taken a sample of 310 out of 1500 yoga students and scholars from more than five universities of India. We tested the facial validity, Content Validity Index by four experts and further factor loadings (promax rotation) of items which were considered suitable for the intended results. The scale was tested and verified with dimensional reduction through EFA by SPSS 25 version with values Cron-bach alpha 0.94 and variance 51.87%. Sample adequacy was found the good with KMO's value 0.95. and Bartlett's test of sphericity with chi square value approx. 2794.56 with significance level P<0.001. Overall Simplified Kundalini Scale's results were found to be significant at every level. Goodness of the 16 item scale is up to the mark, fitting all the values within the given range of parameters by CFA using AMOS version 25. Simplified Kundalini Scale can be valid and reliable measure for kundalini yoga practitioners. And hence paving the way for common man to gain physical as well as overall wellbeing in every sphere of life. For the further research we would strongly recommend that in future the sub-scales should be interpreted with caution, if constructed and overall scale should be used for best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Nutrition education plays a significant role in inculcating lifelong healthy dietary behaviours among adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to understand the opinions of parents and teachers regarding nutrition education in private Indian secondary schools. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional, self-administered, paper-based survey comprising both closed- and open-ended questions was completed by 32 teachers and 280 parents who were recruited from five private English-speaking secondary schools in Kolkata, India. Descriptive and cross-tabulation analyses were conducted to compare the responses of teachers and parents. Thematic data analysis informed by template analysis technique was performed to evaluate the qualitative data. Findings: While the curriculum was considered interesting and easy to understand, the gendered nature of the curriculum, excessive rote learning and lack of synchrony between the curriculum and school food services were highlighted as shortcomings of the existing curriculum. The need for the dissemination of food skills either through a compulsory food and nutrition curriculum or through extra-mural activities was expressed by most respondents. Both these ideas were indicative of strong support and motivation for modification in the current curriculum. Practical implications: These findings emphasise the support for a skills-focussed food and nutrition curriculum to inculcate experiential culinary skills and comprehensive nutrition knowledge in Indian adolescents, thus improving their nutritional and health profiles. Originality/value: This is the first cross-sectional survey to investigate the views of parents and teachers about the status of food and nutrition education in private Indian secondary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated medical centers across the world to deliver healthcare through telemedicine. We discuss the adoption, delivery of telemedicine services at a tertiary care center and patient satisfaction involving 456 patients in south India. Most respondents had sought telemedicine care at the department of Medicine (16.23%). The maximum satisfaction was reported by patients in OBG (100%). The responses were generally positive across all the age groups. The paper offers insights on best practices adopted at the center, lessons learnt, and provides recommendations for health care systems offering telemedicine during COVID-19 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prosocial behaviour is one of the key features of the development of school-going adolescents. Therefore, the current paper focuses on the prosocial behaviour of school-going adolescents in Kollam District, Kerala. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study where 600 school-going adolescents, their parents and 60 class teachers were selected through cluster sampling method. English and Malayalam version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered among respondents. Chi-square and multiple linear regression models were used for analysing the data. Results: Self-report of prosocial behaviour predictors were significantly associated with gender (P < 0.01), urban-rural settings (P < 0.001) and government-private schools (P < 0.001). Parents' report shows highly significant relationship with gender (P < 0.001) whereas teachers' report is significantly related to urban-rural settings (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The current study found that one-fifth of school-going adolescents had borderline to abnormal (self – 17.4%; parents' – 16.9%; teachers' report – 20.8%) prosocial behaviour. School-going adolescents should involve in volunteer activities and campaigns for better development in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we used the transtheoretical model of stages of change to study the addictive behavior of smokers, which is a continuum of stages, namely pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation, and classify the tobacco users in these three stages to study the differentials and factors determining these stages. This study used the data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)-2 conducted in 2016–17 in India. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict the probabilities for different stages according to socio-demographic factors and factors related to tobacco use such as nicotine dependency, information about dangers about tobacco use, etc. Among 9499 smoking tobacco users, 44.73% of users are in the pre-contemplation stage, 46.83% in contemplation, and only 8.43% in the preparation stage. The probability of a smoker to be in the preparation stage for quitting after knowing the dangers of smoking is 0.11. We found a significant association between the stages of smoke and smokeless tobacco cessation and socio-demographic characteristics and the factors related to smoke and smokeless tobacco use. Contemplation is a major driver of tobacco cessation. These stages may help tobacco control program implementation more effectively and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide public health crisis. During huge surge in COVID-19 cases, most of the patient arrived at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai were severe due to late presentation and also available evidence demonstrating that the delay in treatment is directly associated with increased mortality or poor patient outcome. As an innovative concept of Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward were set up to provide the required critical care for all severe COVID-19 cases. The experience of setting up of such Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward and profile of admitted COVID-19 patients were described in this paper. Methods: A total of 4515 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted at Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward was analyzed retrospectively from 7th July to 31st December 2020. Results: At the time of admission the frequency of dyspnea were 85.6% among them 99.1% recovered from dyspnea after the oxygen therapy and other management at Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward. Of the 4515 COVID-19 individuals, about 1829 (40.5%) had comorbidity, 227 (5%) had died. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 death was more likely to be associated with comorbidity (OR: 18.687; 95% CI: 11.229-31.1) than other variables. Conclusions: Comorbidity is an independent high risk factor for mortality of COVID-19 patients. From our observation, it is strongly recommended that effective zero delay covid-19 ward model will help for the prevention of mortality in current/expected waves of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Planning for mass gatherings often includes temporary healthcare systems to address the needs of attendees. However, paper-based record keeping has traditionally precluded the timely application of collected clinical data for epidemic surveillance or optimization of healthcare delivery. We evaluated the feasibility of harnessing ubiquitous mobile technologies for conducting disease surveillance and monitoring resource utilization at the Allahabad Kumbh Mela in India, a 55-day festival attended by over 70 million people. Methods We developed an inexpensive, tablet-based customized disease surveillance system with real-time analytic capabilities, and piloted it at five field hospitals. Results The system captured 49 131 outpatient encounters over the 3-week study period. The most common presenting complaints were musculoskeletal pain (19%), fever (17%), cough (17%), coryza (16%) and diarrhoea (5%). The majority of patients received at least one prescription. The most common prescriptions were for antimicrobials, acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. There was great inter-site variability in caseload with the busiest hospital seeing 650% more patients than the least busy hospital, despite identical staffing. Conclusions Mobile-based health information solutions developed with a focus on user-centred design can be successfully deployed at mass gatherings in resource-scarce settings to optimize care delivery by providing real-time access to field data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a framework to examine the kinds of careers that rural disadvantaged youth would like to know about in a career guidance intervention as also related findings from two different rural disadvantaged contexts in India. Differences across gender, age group, region, and participation/non-participation in youth programmes are also explored. The results validate the importance of comprehensive career needs assessment and provide specific directions for designing and adapting career guidance interventions for rural disadvantaged youth. Implications for research and practice are discussed in general as well as for the specific contexts included in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet's expansion has constantly supported social media in society from the late 1990s and early 2000s. Several hundred million active users utilize various social media platforms, dedicating time to communicating and finding information within the cyber community. For both hoteliers and visitors, the advent of social media has offered up new opportunities. It has increased marketing efforts for hotels. It has also aided travelers in getting insight into the area and arranging their stay. Such prevalence and linkage between these two variables, i.e., social media and travelers, proposes the study in the field of heritage hotels and social media. For this purpose, the data was collected from the Indian travelers with a functional sample size of 571. To test the hypothesis, the structural equation model was used and Chi-square test was used to determine the model's fit. To conclude, the present research paper proposes the analysis of social media to understand the traveler's behaviors and suggest the marketing tactics to heritage hotels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper discusses the need for government and healthcare organization to implement mobile phone-based solutions for healthcare during the Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic. It also highlights the challenges and/or barriers to the rapid introduction, implementation and management of these and other innovative solutions to health service delivery during the current situation Design/methodology/approach: The data include both qualitative and quantitative, collected from the primary interview-based case study and questionnaire survey. It also uses insights from the general populations, healthcare professionals and health information technology developers to understand the role of a mobile health intervention in the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Findings: Healthcare professionals and health information technology developers are confident that the use of mobile health technology and applications has the ability to assist in monitoring and controlling the COVID-19 outbreak. The key advantages of using mobile phone technology are: increased awareness, improved assistance in tracking and testing casualties, improved assistance in seeking and scheduling health information and medical appointments, increased social distancing, improved overall productivity and quality of life. However, data demonstrated that lack of awareness and accessibility or unwillingness to use the technology, complex healthcare needs, application infrastructure, policies and a dearth of training and support are all barriers to successful implementation of this useful tool. Practical implications: This research has the potential to make a significant impact on government and healthcare policy through presenting a coherent argument for the importance of designing and deploying mobile health technology and applications for the general population. Originality/value: prior literature in this domain is inadequate in explaining the importance of mobile phone-based healthcare solutions for health service and during serious disease outbreaks and, in particular, within the Indian context. The findings of this study can be used by government and healthcare organizations to improve health governance during the current global pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease and it begins to spread globally. In India, the first COVID-19 case was detected in Kerala and then it slowly starts spreading various parts of India. Due to the rapid spreading of coronavirus (COVID-19) the people become more panic and it affects the psychological health of the people. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the psychological perception of the people towards COVID-19 among general public in Tamilnadu, India. Materials and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 170 subjects in Tamilnadu based on the simple random sampling method and their psychological perception towards COVID-19 were assessed by using a 15 item questionnaire. The data were analyzed and tabulated using descriptive statistics and chi square test. P<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: There was a statistically significant difference was found in sleep quality(p=0.04), scared of being treated indifferently (p=0.01) and financial loss (p=0.002) among males and females. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall psychological perception towards COVID-19 in relation to age and gender. Conclusion: Majority of the people had a moderate level of stress towards the disease.This paper points out the importance to address psychosocial impact of COVID-19 to reduce the vulnerability of this condition by enhancing better coping and resilience of the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background High-risk pregnancies (HRP) place women and their offspring at the highest risk for morbidity and mortality. Maternal and medical risks increase pregnancy risk and complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Here, we reported the current prevalence of high-risk pregnancies among Indian women, which is defined through various factors such as maternal, lifestyle, medical, current health risk and adverse birth outcomes. Methods This is a cross-sectional study based on secondary data from India's National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5). A total of 23853 currently pregnant women were considered for analysis after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The prevalence and contributing factors of high-risk pregnancies were estimated using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, respectively. Results The prevalence of high-risk pregnancies among Indian women was 49.4%, with 33% of women having a single high-risk, and 16.4% having multiple high-risk pregnancies. Notably, pregnant women from Meghalaya and Manipur states had 67.8% and 66.7% with one or more high-risk factors, respectively. About 31.1% of women had short birth spacing, and 19.5% of women had adverse birth outcomes during the last birth. Logistic regression analysis showed that women with no education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.84-2.22) and the poorest wealth quintile (AOR=1.33; 95% CI=1.04-1.29) had significantly higher odds of having HRP than those with higher education and the highest wealth quintile, respectively. Conclusions Nearly half of all pregnancies in India have one or more high-risk factors, which is a matter of concern, and the risks were higher among the vulnerable population such as no educated, poorest groups etc. The leading high-risk factors such as short-birth spacing, adverse birth outcomes, and caesarean deliveries should be addressed through the health policy and programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the interrelationship among men's self-reports of symptoms, unsafe sexual behavior, and biologically tested sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Data are drawn from the baseline survey of six-year (2001-2007) research and intervention project on men's sexual health and HIV/STI risk reduction conducted in three urban poor communities in Mumbai, India. The survey collected a wide range of demographic, attitudinal, knowledge, and behavioral data. In addition, men were tested for common STIs by selecting a systematic random sub-sample of 816 men (assuming 20% non-response). Data in this paper are based on 641 men who had completed the survey interview and for whom the testing of blood and urine samples was conducted. Results suggest that the self-reported STI-like symptoms and unsafe sexual behavior taken together as a predictor of confirmed STIs improve the sensitivity to a significantly greater degree (χ 2=2.83, p<0.05) as compared to the sensitivity of self-reported STI-like symptoms or unsafe sexual behavior alone as a predictor of confirmed STIs. In addition, the consistency of self-report was found to vary among socio-demographic and behaviorally defined sub-groups. These results provide preliminary support for the importance of population-based surveys, which collect all the three types of data such as reported behavior, symptoms and laboratory confirmed STIs for a full understanding of sexual risk and STIs and for identification of sub-groups within communities that vary in their ability to identify STI symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the present era of modernization, the social group members interact with each other with selfish and unselfish intents. However, the unselfish means and ends build a long term relationship among people. On the other hand, selfish ends bud out unethical means such as abuses, violence and fights. The situation becomes tough when the same becomes evident among the family relationship and as a consequence the elderly are being treated unfairly. Out of such cases, some are reported and the majority of them remain unreported, which eventually becomes the cause of concern for the social welfare agencies. Thus, this paper aims to examine the elder abuse (EA) tendency in metro, non-metro and religious cities. Design/methodology/approach: For this study, a mixed-method approach is used to develop survey instruments, validate findings using qualitative and quantitative data sources for better generalization of results. The present study explored and confirmed the related factors using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for the establishment of a valid scale of EA. Further, the difference of perceptions among the elders for abuse across the metro, non-metro and religious cities was statistically checked using the ANOVA and post hoc techniques. Findings: The present study identified the traces of EA and created a comprehensive understanding of it. The present study manifests the prevailing practices of EA in society by discussing the demerits of dependency and modernization. Moreover, the present study assesses the pervasiveness and the repercussion of dependency and the impact of modernization on EA followed by a discussion on how the victim elders may handle the situation. In the present study, a scale is developed to identify EA because of the dependency of the elderly and the modernization of society. Originality/value: Some exclaiming thoughts such as the dependency of elders elevate the chances of EA on one side, while modernization of society hampers the social/family bonding leading to EA. The inconsistent development across the region has created modernization as a significant factor for EA. The level and depth of modernization across locations such as metro, non-metro and religious cities are the cause for varying degrees of EA. Based on the literature review, the present study has sensed the presence of EA in society at large by developing a scale for the aforesaid purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present paper aims to understand the fear of falling (FOF) and risk factors associated with FOF in community-dwelling individuals aged over 60 years in Pune, India. Subjects and methods: The study examined a random sample of 351 community-dwelling older adults. Data on demographic characteristics, health conditions, history of falls, and psychological factors were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire. The Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) was used to measure FOF. Univariate and bivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to examine associations between various factors and FOF. Results: A high FES-I score was significantly associated with older age, females, unmarried status, education less than 6 years, living alone, unstable balance and gait, hypertension, arthritis, previous falls, self-reported loss of confidence, and depression. Adults older than 70 years of age (odds ratio, OR = 2.411), those with a history of falls (OR = 2.285), those reporting loss of confidence in the past 6 months (OR = 6.766), who had answered yes to the direct question of FOF (OR = 4.632), and had unstable balance (OR = 2.522) were also more likely to have higher FES-I values. Conclusion: A large number of older adults expressed concerns about falling and we also found several factors to be associated with developing FOF, supporting the need for screening. Thus, further research is needed in order to understand the relationship between severity of FOF and actual fall events for developing preventive measures which can be implemented before FOF becomes a problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enterococci are the transient constituents of the oral microbiome and have been now increasingly related to oral and systemic diseases. They have now become the most notable nosocomial pathogens and also been linked to etiology of periodontitis. This study evaluates the prevalence of Enterococci in the chronic periodontitis and healthy Indian cohort in different urban socioeconomic groups. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, individuals in the age range of 18-75 years were included. Seventy individuals had mild to moderate periodontitis and 30 healthy persons were taken as controls. A questionnaire was administered. Paper point samples of gingival crevicular fluid were obtained, pooled, and sent to microbiology laboratory in a transport media. Forty six isolates were identified as enterococci for statical analyzes Pearson's Chi square test used and. P < 0.001 was considered to be significant. Results: The prevalence of enterococci was seen mostly in the individuals from lower socioeconomic class, having poor oral hygiene, and smokers. This was significantly different from those of upper class (P < 0.001). The predominant species isolated was Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusion: Enterococci particularly E. faecalis followed by Enterococcus faecium could play a crucial role in the severity or progression of periodontitis particularly in a favorable oral environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare consumers may be behaving to some extent based on the nature of healthcare being a necessity or otherwise. The choice of either of public and private providers may depend upon factors like availability, accessibility, cost and quality. To some extent, this is revealed through their elasticities based on income, cost, quality and socio-economic factors. Objective of this paper is to explore the demand for healthcare services in India and estimate consumers' elasticities to these factors. Using logit results we find that an individual may choose his preference for private or public based on distance of facility from residence. It may also depend whether it is rural or urban area and whether the income levels of state are below or above all India average. Comparing our results for two all India surveys, it is observed that people's perception and thus preferences are mostly based on choices of nearby location, suitable timings, presence of medical personnel and less waiting time. The presence of insurance either by a national or state sponsored scheme seems to have changed the nature of healthcare demand in India from a stark necessity to a matter of better choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Allergic rhinitis and urticaria are chronic persistent allergic conditions that need proper management as they significantly reduce quality of life measures. Of the many pharmacological options of allergic rhinitis and urticaria, second‑generation antihistamines are the mainstay of therapy. Aims: This review focuses on the knowledge of medical residents toward prescribing antihistamines, according to the new ARIA and GA2LEN guidelines for allergic rhinitis and urticaria, attempting to find the cause of less prescription of newer second‑generation antihistamines by finding out the knowledge and attitude of the doctors prescribing them to the patients. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out among resident doctors at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Primary data from 100 resident doctors, who gave their informed consent, was collected. A prevalidated questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitude and prescribing practice of antihistamines was filled up. The data was then analyzed with suitable statistical tests. Every question was first validated using the Chi‑square test, and significance was below 10% hence proving validity of the questions. Results: Out of the doctors surveyed, 82% of doctors said they prescribed second‑generation antihistamines, while 18% still prescribed first‑generation antihistamines. Out of the 82% that prescribed second‑generation antihistamines, 8.9% also prescribed first‑generation antihistamines as well. 23% of doctors surveyed had heard about the ARIA and GAL2EN guidelines and their recommendations for prescribing second‑generation antihistamines over the older first‑generation antihistamines, while 77% of them had not heard of these position papers. Conclusion: First‑generation or classic antihistamines are still overused due to the lack of knowledge of various guidelines that have been published. The main reason for not prescribing the second‑generation antihistamines was due to the increased cost per tablet compared to the more economical first‑generation antihistamines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research on climatic parameters contributing to psychiatric disorder seasonality is limited, particularly in subtropical, arid climates like Rajasthan, necessitating investigation into seasonal variations in psychiatric disorder incidence in the region. This study investigates seasonal variations in psychiatric disorder prevalence over 2 years at a Rajasthan tertiary healthcare center, aiming to uncover links with climatic factors. Aims: To investigate seasonal variations in the utilization of outpatient psychiatry services and elucidate potential determinants contributing to these temporal variations. Settings and Design: This is a hospital-based study. A retrospective chart review of all new patients who utilized psychiatry outpatient services from July 2021 to July 2023 was conducted. Methods and Material: Data were gathered from psychiatric outpatient records of adults (July 2021 to July 2023), diagnosed using ICD-10. Seasons were categorized: winter (November-January), spring (February-April), summer (May-July), and rainy (August-October). Meteorological data, temperature, and day length were obtained. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and Chi-square fitness, assessed seasonal associations with psychiatric disorders. Results: A total of 29,164 patient records were observed. Depression correlated with temperature and photoperiod. Mania peaked in August, linked to day length. Schizophrenia showed seasonal variation without environmental correlation. Anxiety peaked in March with no statistical significance. Obsessive compulsive disorder cases spiked in June, moderately correlated with temperature and photoperiod. Alcohol-related disorders peaked in December, while opioid dependence remained steady. Cannabis-induced psychosis peaked in summer, strongly correlated with temperature and day length. Headaches surged in August, positively correlated with temperature and day length. Conclusions: This study reveals complex relationships between seasonality, environmental factors, and psychiatric disorders, emphasizing their importance in mental health research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess anxiety, stress, and depression levels among 300 nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing a quantitative, cross-sectional design. Findings revealed that a majority experienced mild anxiety (53.7%), stress (64.3%), and depression (71.7%). Pearson's correlation showed moderate positive associations between stress and anxiety (p=0.002, r=0.376) and anxiety and depression (p=0.040, r=0.119), with a weak positive correlation between stress and depression (p=0.068, r=0.105). Age, professional experience, and marital status were associated with anxiety, stress, and depression levels. Work-related variables and fears significantly influenced anxiety and stress but not depression. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions and support to enhance nurses' well-being amid ongoing and future challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Community health workers are crucial in improving health and bridging gaps between communities and health care services. They are integral to various national health initiatives to prevent diseases and enhance well-being. Providing health care services to adolescents is a pivotal responsibility for auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the community health workers' comprehension, implementation practices, and viewpoints regarding the implementation of the Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) program. Methodology The research was conducted across primary health centers in Hagaribommanahalli and Huvina Hadagali taluks. A two-stage sampling technique was utilized to gather data from 404 participants, who were administered a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 software. Results Out of the total community health workers, 336 (83.2%) were ASHA workers, while 68 (16.8%) were ANMs. The mean age of the community health workers was 38 ± 6 years, and 79% had received training in the RKSK program. Of the respondents, 60.9% demonstrated adequate knowledge, and 79.5% correctly executed the RKSK activities. In addition, 80.5% of the participants strongly concurred with statements reflecting their perception of the RKSK program. Conclusion The study findings indicate that community health workers possess a commendable understanding of the RKSK program. Furthermore, their effective implementation practices and positive perceptions regarding the RKSK program and its activities suggest a genuine commitment to supporting the RKSK program and other health-related endeavors targeting adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction One of the most important aspects of happiness is one's health. Increased industrialization in developing nations has contributed to a change in disease patterns away from infectious illness as the major cause of morbidity and mortality toward chronic diseases such as heart disease and trauma. Most emergency circumstances need immediate medical attention before a person is taken to the hospital; therefore, public awareness and training programs can aid in providing efficient basic life support care and services. Only a few works of literature on basic life support and prehospital emergency care in an Indian context are available and are usually studied among school teachers. However, no comparable research including allied health experts such as speech and hearing professionals has yet been published in the literature. Aim The present study aimed at exploring the awareness of speech and hearing professionals regarding basic life support in an Indian context. Methods The questionnaire consisted of two sections where section A comprised 6 questions related to demographic details and participant's experience, and section B composed of 17 questions related to knowledge of normal bodily physiology, medical emergencies, and first aid and related aspects. A cross-sectional exploratory study design was conducted on 250 participants. Out of 250 responses, 42 of them were incomplete and so were removed from the study. Therefore, a total of 208 complete responses received from the participants in the age range of 22 to 60 years from across 23 states and 1 union territory of India were included in the study. Results The result revealed a low percentage of speech and hearing professionals with an adequate understanding of basic life support. The majority of them were found to have insufficient knowledge of normal bodily physiology, medical emergencies, and first aid and related aspects. Discussion Being the first of its kind, the present study revealed limited awareness about basic life support among professionals, and therefore, the need to improvise the knowledge of basic life support and prehospital emergency care. This may be achieved by introducing training programs of various natures and dimensions to speech and hearing professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dementia is a chronic disorder of the brain that affects cognitive performance. The caregivers of individuals with dementia experience a greater burden that affects their Quality of Life (QoL). This cross-sectional study conducted in India was designed to assess the caring burden and QoL among the caregivers of people with dementia, as well as to ascertain the relationship between QoL scores and burden. Our sample included 80 caregivers of people with dementia. Most of the caregivers (n = 59, 73.8%) had a higher level of caregiver burden. There was a negative correlation between caregiver burden scores and QoL. A higher level of caregiver stress and low QoL were experienced by caregivers of dementia patients. In developing countries like India, counseling, and education on home health care for people with dementia should be provided to reduce the burden and enhance the QoL of caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between inclusive leadership (IL), psychological safety (PS), affective commitment (AC) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) at the workplace. By understanding the sequential linkages, the research aims to provide insights for fostering a positive organizational culture that promotes employee commitment and employees' willingness to go the extra mile for the organization. Design/methodology/approach: The authors study how IL and OCB are related through PS and AC. For this purpose, cross-sectional data from 384 nursing professionals in India was collected and structural equation modeling was conducted on the same using IBM AMOS. Findings: The study found that IL has a major impact on OCB. The study further found that perceived IL leads to PS which is associated with OCB through AC. Research limitations/implications: The study has many theoretical and practical implications. This study uses a framework that is based on Affective events theory. In a health-care environment, IL can foster AC by promoting a culture of respect, collaboration and value for diverse perspectives, which enhances health-care professionals' emotional attachment to their work and the organization. Additionally, by encouraging open communication and a sense of belonging, IL contributes to OCB, as health-care staff are more likely to engage in discretionary behaviors that support the overall effectiveness and positive functioning of the health-care team if PS is improved, ultimately improving patient care outcomes. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the primary studies that looks into the sequential mechanism through which IL impacts OCB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has brought forth multifaceted healthcare challenges, including the emergence of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). This study investigates demographics, clinical presentation, endoscopic grading, radiological correlations, treatment modalities, and outcomes of CAM in Central India. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 312 CAM patients (April-June 2021). Data included demographics, clinical profiles, endoscopic and radiological findings, laboratory results, and treatments. A novel endoscopic grading system was utilized to assess the severity of mucormycosis lesions. Statistical analysis, including chi-squared tests, was performed. Results: Among 312 patients, 65% were male, 82% had comorbidities, and 84% presented with facial swelling. Endoscopic grading correlated with radiological manifestations (p < 0.05) and intraoperative findings. Surgical debridement and antifungal therapy were common treatments, yielding varied clinical outcomes. Mortality was 13% in advanced grades. Conclusion: This study underscores the role of endoscopic grading in risk stratification and prognosis. Findings contribute to CAM management knowledge, underscoring tailored interventions' significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To improve coverage of key child health community practices, Home Based Infant Care (HBNC+) was implemented with support of Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) in 4 States of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha. The innovation aimed at improving coverage of key child health interventions through home visits by community health worker, Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA). Aims & Objective: This paper elucidates the results from the assessment of implementation in intervention versus control districts of Rajasthan. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional intervention-control design with a sample size of 3211 mothers of children in age group 0 to 23 months was adopted. Results: 85 percent of the children (aged 3-23 months) received at least one infant care home visit in the intervention districts in comparison to 32 percent in control. Significant improvements were found in terms of exclusive breastfeeding, weighing and Iron Folic Acid (IFA) consumption and availability of ORS and Iron Syrup in intervention districts. 15 percent additional children had weight plotted in growth charts and 24 percent more consumed IFA syrup bi-weekly in intervention districts. Conclusion: Home visits in infancy is a scalable model and can lead to improvement of community child health practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IFRSs are International Financial Reporting Standards, which are issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB)1. IFRS is the globally accepted accounting standards. Indian accounting standard is converged with IFRS and called (IND AS). The objective of this paper is to examine the challenges and benefits of adoption of full-fledged IFRS in India. For the study, the survey method has been conducted. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and chi-square test have been used. Descriptive statistics results found the most effective, serious benefits and challenges on the basis of higher rank of mean score. Results of chi-square test revealed that there is no significant difference among different benefits and challenges available after the adoption of full-fledged IFRS, every benefit and challenge have equal importance for the Indian corporate sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study measures the prevalence of risk factors among pregnant women and young children aged 12-24 months in a rural community in West Bengal, India. Methods Community health workers (CHWs) enrolled women and children into this 2015 cross-sectional study. Pregnant women were evaluated for underweight, anemia, and abnormal blood pressure. Children were evaluated for underweight, abnormal head and upper arm circumferences, and low scores from the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Data were collected on smartphones and tablets or by paper. Results More than half of the 279 women (59.9%) had a risk factor during pregnancy: 48.7% were anemic, 35.1% had low blood pressure, and 7.5% were underweight. Among the 366 children, 59.3% had a risk factor, including 24.0% with low ASQ scores and 49.7% who had abnormal anthropometric measures. Conclusions for Practice Vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and young children, needed a greater connection to doctors in this rural community. This study demonstrated the feasibility of CHWs to listen to health concerns and connect underserved populations with health care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country with Malay, Chinese and Indian being the dominant ethnic groups. This paper investigates the three ethnic cultures in Malaysia by examining the individual-level values of managers and professionals. Based on 528 responses to a Schwartz Value Survey ( SVS) questionnaire, the paper identifies partial convergence of the value systems of Malay, Chinese and Indian people. It was found that the three ethnic groups do not differ significantly in the individualistic value dimensions of Self-enhancement and Openness-to-change. However, Malays are found to be more conservative and less self-transcendent than Chinese or Indians, while Chinese and Indians attribute the same importance to these two sets of values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Retailing in India is evolving rapidly, indicated by increase in consumer spending at unprecedented rates and increase in number of global players investing in this sector. Private brands, which were once a small part of retailers' merchandise, are occupying a significant portion of most retail operations today. For evaluating any retail store, the first thing customer takes into account is the brands (merchandize) it carries. This statement holds true in case of metro cities; however, a similar trend is evident in the young urban population of Ahmedabad as well. The current study attempts to discover the consumer perceptions related to private labels in apparels and its impact on store loyalty. Purpose: The study indicates the factors moderating the perceptions of customers towards private labels and tries to explore their impact on store loyalty. Design/methodology/approach: The data is collected using a self administered questionnaire. The sample size for the study is 305 respondents. The focal product was private label apparels sold in four retail stores of Ahmedabad district. Analysis has been done by using multivariate technique like Factor Analysis followed by one way ANOVA and Chi Square test. Findings: The factors for moderating private label perceptions include value, proximity, brand loyalty, familiarity, shopping exploration, sale proneness, store image and variety seeking behavior. Additionally it was found that value, proximity, brand loyalty, familiarity, shopping exploration and store image have relationship with store loyalty. It was also found that innovativeness and promotional offers have association with store loyalty. Research Limitations / implications: A key limitation of this study is the sampling frame. Future studies should replicate this study in different context. Paper type: Research paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the association between alcohol use and HIV-related sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM). A cross-sectional bio-behavioral survey was conducted among 3,880 MSM, recruited using time-location cluster sampling from cruising sites in three Indian states. Nearly three-fifths of the participants reported alcohol use. Among frequent users (40 % of the sample), defined as those who consumed alcohol daily or at least once a week, 66 % were aged 25 years and above, 53 % self-identified as kothi (feminine/receptive), and 63 % consistently used condoms with male paying partners. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that frequent users were more likely to be aged 25 years and above, less likely to self-identify as kothi, and less likely to consistently use condoms with male paying (AOR = 0.7; 95 % CI 0.5-0.9) and male regular (AOR = 0.7; 95 % CI 0.6-0.9) partners. HIV prevention interventions for MSM need to provide tailored information on alcohol use-related sexual risk, especially for MSM in sex work and MSM with male regular partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unmet need for contraception is documented as a significant determinant of unintended pregnancies and high number of induced abortions. The period immediately after an abortion is recognised as a unique opportunity to offer contraceptive services. This paper explores the association between place of abortion and women's post-abortion contraceptive behaviour. The reproductive calendar data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) (2015–16) was used for this study. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to understand factors associated with post-abortion method choices. Single decrement life-tables were built to examine rates of contraceptive discontinuation and proportional hazard models were employed to examine probability and correlates of method discontinuation. About 20% of women who underwent an abortion adopted a contraceptive method by the end of one month following an abortion. The decision to choose methods like sterilisation or intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) was associated with the place of abortion, past contraceptive behaviour, number and sex of surviving children at the time of abortion, mass media exposure, and time of the abortion. Compared to women who underwent an abortion at private health facilities, women who sought abortion at public health facilities were more likely to choose permanent methods or IUCDs. Furthermore, women who opted for an IUCD were less likely to discontinue the method compared to those using short-acting modern methods. The lack of post-abortion contraceptive choices for women is evident in the low uptake of post-abortion contraceptives in private facilities and the predominant promotion of permanent methods and IUCDs in public health facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the nature and determinants of product innovation for food and agribusiness firms in India. The study is based on the World Bank's Enterprise Survey and the India Innovation Follow-up Survey from 2014. These surveys included 294 Indian food and agribusiness firms operating in different regions of the country. Simple statistical tools, such as chi-square test and logistic regression, are used for analyzing the raw data. It is evident from the analysis that there is a significant difference in the adoption of product innovations across enterprise sizes. Product innovation is more prominent in large enterprises than small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). Results of regression analysis indicate that product innovation in SMEs is more likely to be influenced by a variety of internal, collaborative, and external factors. The findings of the study suggest that SMEs should diversify their product innovations to include new inputs, improved product features, and enhanced technologies to strengthen their place in the market. This research is valuable because there is limited evidence on the nature and determinants of product innovation in food and agribusiness SMEs of emerging economies like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]