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The augmentation of the epoxy (EP) resin surface to advance flashover performance has become a pivotal point of global interest. This research introduces a novel surface modification method and its mechanism for insulation materials. The research follows an electron cyclotron resonance ion implantation system to subject the surface of EP insulation to ion beams with diverse energies, i.e., 6, 10, 20, 40, 50, and 60 keV for a consistent time of 300 s at an angle of 90°. The experimental phase includes the DC flashover examination under negative polarity. Besides, the simulation phase includes the Monte Carlo model constructed using SRIM software to examine the range and distribution of bombarded ions in the targeted insulation. Results reveal that the flashover properties are affected by the surface potential, surface conductivity, trap distribution, water contact angle, and elemental composition. Likewise, based on the outcomes and theoretical point of view, it is revealed that the bombardment of energetic ions enhances the trap depth, assisting in a reduction in surface conductivity, confining the surface charge movements, and extensively suppressing the secondary electron emission yield. Also, the enhanced trap depth induces homo-charge formation near triple junctions. Synergistically, the factors contribute to high flashover voltages.

High voltage (HV) outdoor insulators are subjected to both electrical and environmental stresses, which may lead to their failure. Among the causes, corona discharge, humidity and UV radiation are considered to be the most damaging factors. Efforts are therefore underway to investigate new materials for improving the performance of insulating systems. In this research work, silicone-based room temperature vulcanized samples filled with alumina trihydrate (ATH), silicon dioxide and magnesium hydroxide (MH) were prepared and exposed to AC corona discharge for a duration of 110 h. The electric discharge was also accompanied by UV radiation and two different humidity levels. Following aging of the test samples, diagnosis was conducted to assess their integrity. Measurements based on determining the static contact angle demonstrated the loss of hydrophobicity of all the materials, while hydrophobicity recovery phenomena revealed that ATH-doped materials demonstrated a comparatively higher increase in the contact angle than in samples filled with silicone dioxide (silica) and MH. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed deep cracks and block-like structures on their surfaces. Similarly, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated the signs of surface oxidation of the aged samples. However, the data of elemental composition exhibited the loss of filler contents as well as that of carbon from the base matrix. The overall assessment showed that resistance to suppress aging is influenced by both the filler type and its concentration in the investigated composites. The ATH-filled composites exhibited outstanding performance when exposed to the rigors of corona discharge and other environmental stresses. This research contributes to materials science and HV engineering by addressing the development of composites for enhanced insulator performance, with future aspects lying in the utilization of nano-composites for advanced functionality and durability.

The key solution to the now-a-days energy crisis is the conversion of waste heat into useful electrical energy. In this work, the structural, electronic, and thermoelectric characteristics of EuMg2X2 (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) zintl materials have been investigated comprehensively through first principles studies. Structural analysis shows that our measured values fit well with the previous available experimental data. Three potential functionals, PBE GGA, TB-mBJ, and hybrid functional (YS-PBE0), have been used to study the electronic behavior of the titled compounds. EuMg2X2 (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) reveal band gaps of 0.83 eV, 0.72 eV, 0.34 eV, and 0.41 eV, respectively, through hybrid functional (YS-PBE0). Density of states (DOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) studies reveals the role offered by different atomic orbitals in the formation of electronic band structures of the samples. Similarly, thermoelectric tone of the said compounds is calculated by virtue of BoltzTraP2 computational code. The ultralow thermal conductivity and optimum level of carriers' concentration encompass these materials to be good thermoelectrics with better and reasonable thermoelectric efficiency (ZTe). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have synthesized facile Cu‐based CuO:Er2O3 nanoelectrode material for energy storage and generation. CuO:Er2O3 nanomaterial was synthesized employing phyto‐extract of Amaranthus viridis L. (AVL) as stabilizing and reducing agents. Spherical‐shaped CuO:Er2O3 nanomaterial was initially employed to study supercapacitor behavior. The specific capacitance of 82.25 F/g was found at 0.5 A/g by galvanostatic charge–discharge, whereas the value of 319 F/g was achieved at 2 mV/s by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Furthermore, CuO:Er2O3 electrode was investigated for water splitting energy generation potential and revealed an overpotential value of 323 mV at 10 mA/cm2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), an overpotential value of 370 mV was found. The electrochemical impedance analysis revealed the faster flow of electrons and ions, suggesting great conductivity and lower resistance of the fabricated electrode. Thus, current electrochemical results are proposing CuO:Er2O3 as an competent electrode for overall energy‐generating as well as storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using single‐source precursor route, this work reports the synthesis of the novel chalcogenide heterosystem, i.e., BaS:CoS:La2S3 trichalcogenide heterosystem. With the narrowed band gap energy, BaS:CoS:La2S3 expresses excellent photonic response with 3.47 eV of tailored band gap resulting from chemical synergism. This chalcogenide is marked by superior crystallinity and possessed an average crystallite size of 18.29 nm. Morphologically, BaS:CoS:La2S3 exists in the form of the roughly spherical grains arranged in the irregular manner. The developed chalcogenide is assessed for charge storage by fabricating the electrode using a nickel form as a support. In a 0.1 m KOH background electrolyte, the BaS:CoS:La2S3 adorns electrode excelled in achieving a specific capacitance of 967.24 F g−1. In addition, this trichalcogenide expresses the specific power density of 1659 W kg−1. Fabricated electrode retains original capacitance after different cycles. Regarding electrode–electrolyte interactions, the fabricated electrode shows minimal resistance, with an equivalent series resistance (Rs) of 1.42 Ω as indicated by impedance studies. Additional circuit elements, including CPE (Yo = 2.17 × 10−04, n = 0.71) and Rct (6.97 Ω cm−2), are obtained after circuit fitting for the BaS:CoS:La2S3 trichalcogenide decorated electrode. Exhibiting stable behavior for 43 h, the synthesized material demonstrates profound durability and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of global efforts to combat the rise in global climate change and carbon dioxide emissions, there has been a substantial increase in renewable energy investment for both residential and utility power generation. Solar power facilities are estimated to be among the major contributors to global decarbonization in terms of capacity by 2050. Consequently, the majority of economically significant countries are progressively implementing utility-scale photovoltaic (U-PV) systems. Nevertheless, a major obstacle to the expansion of U-PV generation is the identification and assessment of direct current (DC) faults in the extensive array of PV panels. In order to address this obstacle, it is imperative to provide an evaluation method that can accurately and cost-effectively identify and locate potential DC faults in PV arrays. Therefore, many studies attempted to utilize thermal cameras, voltage and current sensors, power databases, and other detecting elements; however, some of these technologies provide extra hurdles in terms of the quantity and expense of the utilized hardware equipment. This work presents a sophisticated system that aims to diagnose and locate various types of PV faults, such as line-to-ground, line-to-line, inter-string, open-circuit, and partial shading events, within a PV array strings down to a module level. This study primarily depends on three crucial indicators: precise calculation of the PV array output power and current, optimal placement of a limited number of voltage sensors, and execution of specifically specified tests. The estimation of PV array power, along with selectively placed voltage sensors, minimizes the time and equipment required for fault detection and diagnosis. The feasibility of the proposed method is investigated with real field data and the PSCAD simulation platform during all possible weather conditions and array faults. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can accurately diagnose and localize faults with only NS/2 voltage sensors, where NS is the number of PV array parallel strings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A shift to alternate energy sources is needed at the present time to address rising environmental concerns. The current research work aims to use a chemical‐free and green route to synthesize nanocomposite for their application as an electrode in the generation as well as storage of energy. Subsequently, the green synthesis of Bi2O3‐Sb2O3 nanocomposite was carried out using the leaf extract of Amaranthus viridis. The synthesized nanocomposite revealed a well‐arranged pattern of spherical nanoparticles with a crystal size of 29.43 nm and a band gap value of 2.5 eV. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) potentials of Bi2O3‐Sb2O3 were studied through linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), whereas the energy storage studies were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) techniques. The synthesized nanomaterial showed promising results for HER with an overpotential value of 205 mV as compared with OER, where an overpotential value of 450 mV was observed. However, excellent cyclic stability was witnessed for both reactions up to 1000 cycles. CV studies revealed an outstanding capacitance value of 348 F/g at a scan rate of 2 mV/s, whereas a specific capacitance of 269.5 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g was observed using GCD. The 15 h of electrode stability further endorsed the potential of synthesized material for energy‐based applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to demonstrate that a one-of-a-kind microencapsulated bio-based PCM may be utilized in the passive collection of solar energy in buildings. The research makes use of a PCM with thermal properties within the comfort zone but is also able to track the performance of solar photovoltaic panels. This allows the research to be more accurate. Because of this, the research can produce outcomes that are more accurate. After finishing the step before this one, the next thing that needs to be done is creating novel composite concrete panels. This step follows the completion of the phase before it. The outcomes of the mechanical and thermal tests served as the basis for determining the best composition of the concrete mix that should be used for making this panel. The method concludes with the construction of a test structure using composite walls as the primary building material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation explores several methods that produce energy at or near the point of consumption, with the aim of reducing electricity losses among transmission networks. Consequently, home on-grid PV applications have garnered increased interest from both scientific researchers and industry professionals over the last decade. Nevertheless, the growing installation of intermittent nature residential PV systems (R-PV) in low-voltage distribution networks is leading to more cautious considerations of technology limitations and PV design challenges. This conservative perspective arises from the standpoint of grid quality and security, ultimately resulting in the revocation of PV connection authorization. Hence, the design of R-PV systems should consider not only the specifications of the PV panels and load profiles but also the characteristics and requirements of the connected power grid. This project therefore seeks to enhance the design considerations of grid-connected PV systems, in order to help the end-users meet the grid codes set out by the Saudi Electricity Regulatory Authority (SERA). Since the maximum amount of generated power is essential for PV system optimization, the ratio of grid strength to maximum transmitted power was employed to ascertain the suitable capacity of the PV system, while the assessment of PV power output was utilized to specify the system size. Furthermore, a battery energy storage system (BESS) with a small size (~10% of the PV capacity) is employed to enhance the PV power quality for a dependable grid interconnection. The BESS is equipped with a versatile power controller in order to achieve the designed objectives. The obtained results show an essential advancement in terms of power quality and reliability at the customer's connection point. Moreover, with the design assessment process, the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) and power factor requirements can be met, in addition to the total harmonic distortion (THD) and frequency transient limitations. The proposed solution assists end-users in efficiently designing their own R-PV systems while ensuring quality and sustainability for authorized grid interconnection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Researchers are keen to reduce the over potential value through fabrication of electrocatalyst consisted of environmentally benign and inexpensive material. Supercapacitors on the other hand have gained immense attention in recent years as an energy storage device due to the high power density potential of these devices as compared to conventional batteries based storage system. Aim: The research aims to synthesize nanoscale transition metal oxides (TMO) through green route. TMO based nanomaterials have vast role in energy related applications. Materials & methods: In this study, organic compounds of A. Viridis were used as reducing and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of binary nanocomposite Sb2O3-ZrO2. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using xray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The electrode material was analyzed for supercapacitor potential using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge techniques. HER and OER studies were also conducted using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry. The synthesized material was also tested for stability. Results & discussion: The crystal size was 15.9 nm. Optical band gap of 2.55 eV was obtained through Tauc plot. The capacitance value of 339.8 F/g at 2 mV/s and the specific capacitance of 100.6 F/g was obtained at 1 A/g. The overpotential value of 201 mV and Tafel value of 121 mV/dec was recorded for the HER, whereas the lower Tafel value of 106 mV/dec and over potential value of 383 mV was determined for OER. Electrode showed promising stability up to various cycles in case of both applications. Conclusion: The obtained results revealed the promising performance with excellent stability of fabricated electrode for super capacitor as well as water splitting studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conducting polymers have attained a lot of interest due to extraordinary conductivity, large pore size, and surprising stability. In this work, the conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) and niobium sulfide (NbS) were synthesized by polymerization of aniline and hydrothermal method, respectively. The PANI@NbS nanocomposite electrode material had a specific capacity (Cs) of 1050 C g−1, which is larger than that of the reference sample (NbS = 300 C g−1). Besides, the hybrid device (PANI@NbS//PANI@AC) was designed and the electrochemical characteristics were determined. The hybrid device showed an excellent value of Cs of 1207 C g−1 with higher energy density Ed and power density Pd. The device also exhibited remarkable stability, and 85 % of the initial capacity is retained after 1000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase change materials (PCMs) are substances that can change their phase at a specific range of temperatures. This is the case in the temperature range and in the event that there is a brief gap between the supply of a particular quantity of energy and the demand for that quantity, these materials come in quite helpful. As a result, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) for the military, as well as waste heat recovery and thermal management. The simulation result of this proposed method is developed using Matlab and Simulink, the user is classified using a fuzzy logic control which helps to improve the energy consumption patterns which are they exhibit. Using this proposed method, we can perform several modes of operations which are toogled between the control, which achieves more amount of greater flexibility, also at same time it helps to reduce the usage of number of switches which are placed between various OM's. This is demonstrated by the fact that the fuzzy logic control is used. Therefore, the developed control logic reveals a promising potential for boosting the energy efficiency. We achieve nearly 85% of accuracy as a result which are very higher than comparing with the several existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantity of photovoltaic systems generated relies on the climate, and to generate significant variations depending on the climatic conditions. Its electricity production processes exhibit unpredictability, instability, and intermittent behavior. The augmented convolutional long-short memory combination network is recommended for PV energy combined forecasting in accordance to overcome the challenge of considerable instability in the high proportion of sustainable energy output. The LSTM and CNN models' training procedure uses the enhanced artificial bee colony (ABC) to adjust their characteristics. To determine the projected model parameters of PV power, the estimated input parameters of every model are stacked and then reassembled. The studies showed that the forecast precision was significantly higher than the reliability rate of the Convolutional LSTM combinational network as well as the forecasting findings from the BP, CNN, and LSTM independent computational methods. This forecast specificity was predicated on the enhanced ABC to optimize the variables of the CLSTM combinational network for forecasting Photo Voltaic power. For comparative study and assessment, the most recent operational data from a Photovoltaic power plant in northern China have been utilized. The suggested technique resolved more quickly and was higher weather-adaptable than the individual neural network and hybrid forecasting models mentioned prior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attained great interest from researchers due to their excellent electrical conductivity, vast surface area, and good chemical stability. In this work, the sulphide‐based composite Ag2S@ZnS was synthesized using the hydrothermal method and was doped with CNTs in various weight percentage ratios. The structural and morphological characteristics of the samples were evaluated by employing X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), X‐ray photo spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) were also executed for their electrochemical characterization. The performance of the Ag2S@ZnS electrode was enhanced after the doping of CNTs because of their synergistic effect. An extraordinary specific capacity (Qs) of 946.5 Cg−1 (262.91 mAh g−1) was exhibited by Ag2S@ZnS with 50% CNTs doping (Ag2S@ZnS/CNT‐50%), which is significantly greater than the reference samples. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor was designed and assessed for its electrochemical properties. The specific capacity of the asymmetric supercapacitor reached 148.62 Cg−1 (41.28 mAh g−1). The device showed improved stability and retained the 87% initial capacity after 5000 cycles. The energy and power densities were found to be 33.02 Wh kg−1 at 639.98 W kg−1, respectively, with a high value of coulombic efficiency of 92%. The device succeeded in acquiring a higher power density of 3200 W kg−1 for an energy density of 4 Wh kg−1. These astonishing results provide opportunities to design high‐performance electrode materials for extraordinary energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid supercapacitors are energy storage technology offering higher power and energy density as compared to capacitors and batteries. Cobalt-doped manganese oxide (Co@MnO2) was synthesized using an easy and affordable sol–gel process and measured the electrochemical properties. A value of the specific capacity of 1141.42 Cg−1 was obtained which was larger in comparison to the reference sample (MnO2 = 673.79 Cg−1). The value of the specific capacitance was achieved 1902 Fg−1. To design a hybrid supercapacitor device, Co@MnO2 was used as the positive electrode and the activated carbon was employed as the negative electrode in two-electrode assembly. According to calculations, the measured value of the specific capacitance of Co@MnO2 was 713.25 Fg−1. The charge storage mechanism is supported with the help of Randles–Ševčík and Dunn's models. The estimated value of energy and power densities were 3200 Wh kg−1 and 24 Wkg−1, respectively. The stability of this device was checked by putting it to 1000 charging and discharging cycles, and it retained 86% of its initial capacity. Our result provides a platform for enhancing the functionality of energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, many countries are focused on smart grids due to their positive effects on all sectors of a power system, including those of operators, utilities, and consumers. Furthermore, the usage of renewable energy sources for power production is quickly expanding due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the emissions caused by their use. Additionally, intermittent power generation from renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, necessitates the use of energy storage devices with which to ensure a continuous power supply to meet demand. This can be accomplished by employing an appropriate storage device with a sufficient storage capacity, thus enabling a grid-connected solar PV and wind system to have enhanced performance and to reduce adverse effects on the power quality of the grid. In this study, a probabilistic planning model that takes the intermittent natures of solar irradiances, wind speeds, and system demands into account is introduced. A novel criterion is also adopted to map the three-dimensional spaces of intermittency with the proposed model for optimizing BESS charging/discharging decisions. This planning model is intended to minimize the economic costs of investment and operation of a battery energy storage system (BESS) for a planning period. Moreover, the substation and feeder upgrade costs, as well as the overall system loss costs, are included in the proposed model. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to find the optimal sizing, location, and operation of energy storage systems. The proposed methodology was validated using a 69-bus distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a number of studies have focused on optimizing resource allocation and energy cooperation; however, prior to this time, these two topics were rarely discussed together in the same study. This paper analyzes the topic while keeping in mind both the enormous potential of RE and the difficulties that are associated with resource distribution. We take into consideration the downlink transmission model in millimeter-wave BSs, with each BS being powered by sources of renewable energy (RE), in addition to smart grids, and we optimize for overall system energy efficiency (EE). Within the confines of the constraints imposed by the transmit power of the BSs, the quality of service requirements of the UEs, and the collection energy that is available, an investigation into the problem of resource optimization was carried out with the intention of maximizing the total system energy efficiency (EE) by optimizing user association, power allocation, and energy cooperation. This was done with the intention of maximizing the total system energy efficiency (EE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-hop transitory non-central network is formed by a collection of mobile nodes in an PV Adhoc network. These mobile nodes are equipped with wireless communication transceivers. Setting up a mobile communication network is straightforward and can be done in a short amount of time. This is made possible by the fact that all nodes in the network have the same mobility and status wherever they travel. PV Adhoc networks were first developed for use in the military and the civilian sector, but they are now finding widespread application in industries as diverse as search and rescue, industrial monitoring, mobile commerce, and many more. Because of the innovative traits it possesses, there is a lot of conversation going on about it right now in the information technology and telecommunications sectors. When it comes to addressing security concerns, one might take a number of various ways, depending on the particulars of the circumstance. There are a variety of approaches that can be taken to address the concerns regarding safety that are brought up by performing multiple jobs at once. Even though quality of service (QoS) is accorded a high value in the real-world PV Adhoc network environment, it is sometimes disregarded in the research that is being done today since defense against attacks is given a higher priority. Evaluation and comparison offer the most solid foundation on which to build in-depth study and an accurate assessment of the quality of services provided. The proposed algorithm not only enhances routing security and protects against malicious attacks in PV Adhoc networks but also outperforms existing methods in terms of end-to-end delay time, packet delivery rate, and control overhead. This demonstration of improved performance and security underscores the significance and novelty of the proposed algorithm in the field. This concept is now used in a great number of different algorithms. The results of our simulation tests show that the proposed algorithm can improve the routing security of PV Adhoc networks and provide protection against malicious attacks. It also clearly outperforms other methods that are currently available in terms of end-to-end delay time, packet delivery rate, and control overhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors have proven themselves as a subject of interest over the years for energy storage. As a result, it is not surprising that significant effort has been put into supercapacitor research. However, a device with all desirable properties still needs to be developed, requiring special attention. A simple synthesis of porous magnesium niobium silver phosphate (Mg3Nb1−xAgx(PO4)3) nanocomposites is presented using a novel mixed solvent solution and a hydrothermal method. The MgNbAgPO4 anode with an interconnected porous structure not only offers a large number of active sites for divalent ion trapping but also improves charge transfer kinetics. As a result, the Mg3Nb1−xAgx(PO4)3 anode has a high specific capacity of 958 C g−1 using a binder‐free electrode and better rate capability. The full‐cell design is also built with Mg3Nb1−xAgx(PO4)3 and activated carbon (AC). The hierarchical pore structure and appropriate functional groups Mg3Nb1−xAgx(PO4)3 anode deliver a maximum energy density of 57 Wh kg−1, a high power density of 1200 kW kg−1, and anti‐self‐discharge solid behavior. The analysis of the charge storage mechanism suggests that Mg3Nb1−xAgx(PO4)3//AC supercapattery involves adsorption/desorption and Faradic reactions to store charge. This study opens the path for high‐performance Mg3Nb1−xAgx(PO4)3 electrode and gives a better knowledge of charge storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]