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Floodplain research is important for human existence and the social economy. It can be observed that the positions of buildings impacted by flooding, such as bridges and roads, cannot be properly matched to the floodplain site in stream floodplain analysis using most computer models. The purpose of this study is to develop an output of Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) hydraulic model that will allow for one-dimensional steady flow analysis and stimulate the flood area for 20, 50 and 100 years. This study is applied to Sungai Jempol catchment area, located in Jempol, Negeri Sembilan. Floodplain data features such as length of streams, bank position, streamline and cross-sections were used to produce river flow and its crosssectional shape for each station along the study area. Total of 3 flow rate values were used to indicate an increase in the water level in order to accommodate the additional amount of water that flow into river. The results showed that water had overflow into the floodplain at maximum flow rate of 9 m³/s or 20 years of return period. The hydraulic model had indicated that 5 out of 30 stations were unable to accommodate the maximum flow rate and lead to flooding. By developing the hydraulic model, it clearly shows that the results are more reliable and the affected area can be identified. The developed flood model was a very useful tool in flood management of Sungai Jempol in terms of river development planning, flood mitigation measures, flood evacuation planning and addressing public awareness. This study proved that HEC-RAS is one of effective instrument for analysis and modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is an early marker of myocardial ischemia even in the absence of frank necrosis. HFABP and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide had independent prognostic value in addition to troponin and showed good correlation with infarct size. Soluble ST2 is released as a respond of mechanical stress under condition of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. ST2 level showed weak correlation with neither NTproBNP. Elevated ST2 concentrations at admission in the setting of ACS are associated with higher creatine kinase concentrations, large infarct size, lower pre-discharge LVEF and predicts 30-days occurrence of heart failure or death after myocardial infarction. To analyze correlation between serum level of Heart Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein(HFABP) and Soluble ST2 on Acute Coronary Syndrome patient. This was a cross-sectional study in ICCU dr Soetomo Hospital. RELIA TM Immunoassay Diagnostic Instrument (SSJ-2) Kit was used to measured HFABP at admission and baseline soluble ST2 concentrations with Quantikine Human ST2/IL-1 R4 Immunoassay ELISA method. There were 34 subject, women and men and mean age was 55 years old. The mean HFABP at admission was 35,203 ng/mL. The mean of baseline soluble ST2 at admission was 33.114 ng/mL. There was strong correlation between concentration of HFABP at admision and baseline soluble ST2 at admission. There was strong correlation between concentrations of serum HFABP and baseline soluble ST2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficacy of photoinitiators such as riboflavin (RF), camphorquinone (CQ), and safranin T (ST) and triethanolamine as a coinitiator has been compared in carrying out the polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in aqueous and organic solvents. HEMA solutions were polymerized in the presence of RF, CQ, and ST using a low intensity visible radiation source. HEMA was assayed by a UV spectrophotometric method during the initial stages of the reactions (i.e., ~5% change). A comparison of the efficacy of photoinitiators in causing HEMA polymerization showed that RF is more efficient than CQ and ST. The rate of polymerization is directly related to solvent dielectric constant and inversely related to the solvent viscosity. RF is the most efficient photoinitiator in the polymerization of HEMA and the highest rate of reaction occurs in aqueous solutions. A general scheme for the polymerization of HEMA in the presence of photoinitiators is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glass ionomer cements (GICs) are widely used in dentistry as restorative materials. These are formed by the reaction of fluoro-alumino-silicate glass with an acidic polyelectrolyte such as poly (acrylic acid). The setting mechanisms in GICs are based on polyacid neutralization and free radical polymerization reactions. The free radical polymerization reactions of vinyl monomers are photoinitiated by riboflavin and other compounds absorbing in the visible region and have largely been studied by laser flash photolysis. Various spectroscopic techniques including UV and visible spectroscopy, infrared / Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance / magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fluorimetry, atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma emission and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used for the study of structural characteristics and interactions of the components of GICs, and kinetics and mechanisms of setting and light-catalyzed polymerization reactions. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy have been employed to study the GIC-dentine interface morphology, ion-exchange of elements between dentine and GIC and microstructure and ultrastructural features of GICs. All these techniques have facilitated the understanding of the physical characteristics and role of various components and the physicochemical processes involved in GICs. They have significantly contributed to the development of modern and aesthetically desirable dental restorative materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]