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Copyright of Etudes Romanes de Brno is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Française de Gestion is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Compte tenu de l’importance de l’écrivain et journaliste Rodolfo Walsh dans la culture mémorielle argentine, il est surprenant qu’il n’y ait pas eu de bande dessinée sur sa vie. Cette lacune est désormais comblée par l’ouvrage RW. Rodolfo Walsh en historietas (2016) de Gonzalo Peña et CJ Camba. Le présent article soutient que l’ouvrage parvient à esquisser une image “authentique” et polyédrique de l’individu, du journaliste et de l’auteur en se basant sur les événements clés de sa vie. En même temps, il montre que le lecteur est invité, par le choix du mode non-fictionnel, à une analyse critique du “mythe” Walsh à travers l’utilisation de modes et de structures narratives et à l’élaboration de la catégorie “authenticité” aux multiples facettes, spécifiques à la bande dessinée.

Le Fake Art n’est pas l’Art Fake : l’article vise à montrer que les artefacts numériques natifs sont fictionnels en ce que, ni faux, ni copie ni réplique pures, ils mettent en tension des traits des régimes autographique et allographique. Ensuite, il s’agit de s’interroger sur la dimension « imaginaire » de l’œuvre d’art numérique, à travers la mise en avant des notions de « fiction artistique », de simulation et de simulacre : passer de la fiction artistique à l’œuvre-simulacre et au virtuel, est-ce dépasser les oppositions « vrai vs faux » et « réel vs imaginaire » et mettre l’accent sur la puissance créatrice ? In fine, nous défendons l’idée de la fiction-façonnage, qui attire l’attention sur la fabrication de l’artefact numérique.

Depuis quelques années, on observe dans les sociétés occidentales le rétrécissement de la liberté d’expression découlant des mesures sanitaires et des discours bienveillants tenus par les universités. Dans ce contexte, les valeurs cardinales du travail social sont mises à mal : congruence, authenticité et réflexion sur la pluralité de points de vue de la pensée critique. Trois postures se dégagent alors au sein du corps professoral : 1) une adhésion totale à la pensée unique en portant le masque de l’authenticité et celui de la pensée critique; 2) une attitude assumée contre la pensée unique en enseignant sans masques la pluralité de points de vue et le lien authentique; 3) une posture oscillant entre les deux premières. En guise de conclusion, l’auteur défend un travail de reliance ancré dans l’introspection, la réflexion et une pensée critique qui favorise le maintien des liens authentiques et congruents avec les destinataires des interventions.

Communication and public relations practitioners are sometimes criticized for their use of inauthentic strategies. Among them, astroturfing which consists ofsimulating public opinion while keeping one's identity secret. This issue raises ethical questions in democratic societies A scientific literature is developing on the subject.However, it appears that many definitions of the concept of astroturfing coexist, thus; complicating its study. This article proposes a comprehensive definition of astroturfing that overcomes some of the pitfalls identified in a systematic literature review. Based on this definition, a clear typology of astroturfing tactics is then established. Next, a contingency model is proposed to situate communication tactics on a continuum ranging from grassroots to astroturf. This model is,then,illustrated by three case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Yasmina Khadra, a Francophone writer of Algerian origin, aims to preserve the authenticity of Arabic culture by incorporating Arabic words into his narratives. This inclusion contributes to making his stories faithful to cultural and historical reality while enriching the Arabic language and providing an immersive atmosphere for readers. This linguistic approach is tied to the historical, linguistic, and cultural context in which it is situated. It is crucial to understand that for many writers who interact with multiple languages, their lives, writing, existence, and creation are closely intertwined. Their writing is inspired by aspects such as love, exile, violence, travel, taboos, etc. Thus, reading these writers confronts us with varied versions of subjectivity linked to their relationship with languages and personal history. This study examines the deployment and stakes of the lexicon related to the Arabic language in Yasmina Khadra's writing as Francophone literature, which can be interpreted in different ways. RÉSUMÉ : Yasmina Khadra, écrivain francophone d'origine algérienne, cherche à préserver l'authenticité de la culture arabe en incluant des mots arabes dans ses récits. Cette inclusion contribue à rendre ses histoires fidèles à la réalité culturelle et historique, tout en enrichissant la langue arabe et prévoyant une atmosphère immersive pour les lecteurs. Cette approche linguistique est liée au contexte historique, linguistique et culturel dans lequel elle s'inscrit. Il est essentiel de comprendre que pour de nombreux écrivains qui interagissent avec plusieurs langues, leur vie, leur écriture, leur existence et leur création sont étroitement liées. Leur écriture est inspirée par des aspects tels que l'amour, l'exil, la violence, les voyages, tabous, etc. Ainsi, la lecture de ces écrivains nous confronte à des versions variées d'une subjectivité liée à leur rapport avec les langues et à leur histoire personnelle. Cette étude interroge le déploiement et les enjeux du lexique relatif à la langue arabe dans l'écriture de Yasmina Khadra en tant que littérature francophone qui peut s'expliquer de différentes manières.

The professional stage act of one of South Africa's newest musical prodigies, Sho Madjozi, may be analysed as a quintessential Afropolitan example of the innovative and hybrid combination of music, costume, and dance in urban youth popular culture in Africa. This paper analyses the dynamic intersection between costume, music, and dance, presenting it as a crucial site where urban youth popular culture can reimagine tradition, while simultaneously demonstrating that contemporary African cultural identities exist in a constant state of flux. The paper borrows from scholarly insights on hybridity, identity, the Afropolitan and popular culture, as well as other writings in youth agency and popular culture, to argue that South Africa's Sho Madjozi belongs with a tradition of contemporary urban youth performance culture that continuously resurrects and destabilises elements of the past as it reimagines the future. Sho Madjozi's unique style as a rap artist in Tsonga is presented as an illustration of the progressive role that contemporary urban youths in Africa can play as proponents of cultural preservation, even as they stand at the cross-roads between the old and the new. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of whether tele‐analysis is an acceptable way of conducting analysis has been discussed since it has become available. Merchant (2016) and others concluded that 'the essentials of a genuine analytic process are not necessarily precluded' (p. 1). In this paper, the author goes a step further and examines potential advantages of tele‐analysis. There may be benefits for patients with a history of physical or sexual abuse who value the distance. The potential for a 'safe place' for work with erotic transference is also examined. In a further section the author is interested in allowing the analyst the freedom to practise in an authentic way, congruent with their personality. Also explored is the concept of the interactive field including the technological medium, which is subject to synchronistic events. Finally, the author gives examples of a deep connection between patient and analyst which came about despite the physical distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Analytical Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reconstruction of the experience in autobiographical texts supposes a permanent recourse by the author to all the factors which can ensure the cohesion and the authenticity of the story. Time and memory are essential phenomena of the autobiographical process, but both are at the perceptual, therefore subjective, level, which fundamentally influences the mode of organization of the story. Our aim is to study precisely these effects produced by the individual perception of time and by the particular functioning of memory on the narrative construction of Gide's autobiography, Si le grain ne meurt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of CECIL Cahiers d'etudes des cultures ibériques et latino-américaines is the property of Revue Cahiers d'etudes des cultures iberiques et latino-americaines (CECIL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

À partir d'un travail de terrain dans des restaurants proposant une cuisine du Xinjiang à Shanghai, cet article s'intéresse au mécanisme social de négociation de l'authenticité gastronomique. Portant essentiellement sur la façon dont des facteurs tels que le capital, l'ethnicité et le lieu influent sur la définition et la contestation de l'authenticité de la « cuisine ethnique », cette recherche situe le marché de la cuisine du Xinjiang, en plein essor, dans un contexte plus large de migration, de mondialisation et de consumérisme. Elle analyse en outre un ensemble de définitions concurrentes de l'authenticité utilisées par la direction, les employés et les clients des restaurants sur les sites de production, de présentation et de consommation. L'évolution des restaurants du Xinjiang témoigne de la reproduction et de la transformation des représentations culturelles en valeur économique potentielle et révèle de quelle manière les conceptualisations du lieu et de l'ethnicité prennent des formes particulières axées sur le marché. Les revendications disputées d'authenticité de la cuisine du Xinjiang et la création d'une garantie d'authenticité dans les restaurants font écho à l'imaginaire des populations locales sur le Xinjiang, à la politique en matière d'identité ethnique en Chine et au développement de l'économie de marché dans un contexte de migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an investigation about authenticity in mathematical modeling activities that is mediated by the question: How to characterize authenticity in mathematical modeling activities? The investigation of this question aims to structure a design for authenticity in modeling activities. The survey includes two parts. Initially, a design is structured from a theoretical framework regarding this theme in the area of Mathematical Modeling and integrates six attributes that qualify the authenticity in these activities, being able to give them a greater or lesser level of authenticity depending on their identification in the activity. The second part consists of an empirical research in which students develop modeling activities whose authenticity is analyzed in relation to the attributes. The investigation is characterized as qualitative research, associating analytical movements through which the articulation between theory and information about authenticity takes place, using interpretative analysis criteria. Structured design is innovative in relation to what the literature already recognizes regarding the identification of authenticity in mathematical modeling activities. The analysis of the modeling activity carried out indicates that design offers an effective way of inferring authenticity, pointing out that authentic modeling activities must be guided by an extra-school reality while meeting the desires of a school reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le présent article s'intéresse aux stratégies discursives et linguistiques qui ont permis d'ancrer la vision du monde national-socialiste dans le discours politique, philosophique et juridique en Allemagne dans les années 1939–1945. A partir de la notion d'authenticité d'extraction heideggérienne, il sera montré que le renversement politique et juridique ayant conduit in fine à l'extermination des Juifs d'Europe a été fondé et légitimé par un corpus d'idées philosophiques et de concepts juridiques qui ont inscrit leur anéantissement dans le discours. Il sera également montré que l'introduction du critère racial dans le discours philosophique et juridique a profondément bouleversé la signification des concepts en modifiant leur grammaire d'usage de sorte qu'ils ont été vidés de leur sens. L'élaboration de ce corpus et les bouleversements dans l'usage des mots et des concepts ont donné lieu à l'émergence d'un langage spécifique, à la fois cryptique, élusif et équivoque. Ce langage a joué un double rôle: il a permis d'exclure d'emblée certaines catégories de la population, jugées indignes de faire partie de la communauté du peuple germanique, d'une part, et d'autre part, il a permis de justifier le génocide des Juifs après 1945. Méthodologiquement, la notion de formule sera mobilisée pour mettre en exergue la manipulation linguistique à l'œuvre dans le discours de l'authenticité. Enfin, les difficultés posées par la traduction de ce type de discours seront brièvement abordées. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of FLAMME is the property of Universite de Limoges and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Review of Science Mathematics & ICT Education is the property of Library & Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyses the social and intellectual dynamisms of the Lubumbashi campus of the Université Nationale du Zaïre in the 1970s. It first highlights how Lubumbashi scholars participated in an early post-colonial attempt to radically transform the university's teaching, research and operations, at the crossroads of intellectual decolonization and cosmopolitanism. These efforts both overlapped and clashed with the official Zairian policy of Authenticité, a politically tinged reappraisal of the country's precolonial past. The article contributes to our limited knowledge of everyday life under Mobutu and of vernacular experiences of Authenticité, while highlighting Lubumbashi as an important node in the post-independence intellectual networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Carnets: Revue Electronique d'Etudes Françaises / Revista Electrónica de Estudos Franceses is the property of Associacao Portuguesa de Estudos Franceses (APEF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The transformation of intangible cultural heritage into a tourist event has become commonplace throughout the world, and few governments can afford to turn down the economic windfall brought about by mass tourism. The Quebec government is no exception. Since the incorporation of the notion of intangible cultural heritage in its Cultural Heritage Act, it has made the cultural and tourism industries not only an essential vector for its dissemination, but also a means of ensuring its continued existence. However, the rapid pace of consumption of cultural products, imposed by both the cultural and mass tourism industries, leads us to question the durability of certain forms of intangible cultural heritage, which can only be transmitted over time. Therefore, it seems appropriate to reflect on the integration of intangible cultural heritage in a combined perspective of events and mass tourism, important parts of the local economic development of Quebec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emmanuelle Garnier examine le théâtre-performance d’Angélica Liddell, où tout est faux et tout est vrai, où l’authenticité de l’artiste est mise en jeu et le réel placé au cœur d’un dispositif complexe. Parce qu’il transforme la douleur en matière théâtrale, et qu’il pousse cette matière jusqu’aux limites de l’expérience dramatique, l’art d’Angélica Liddell met précisément en jeu son authenticité. Le corpus de pièces examinées comprend : Te haré invisible con mi derrota, La desobediencia: tres confesiones (Lesiones incompatibles con la vida ; Broken Blossoms ; Yo no soy bonita), Tríptico de la aflicción (El matrimonio Palavrakis, Once Upon a Time in West Asphixia, Hysterica passio), Perro muerto en tintorería: los fuertes, Boxeo para células y planetas, El año de Ricardo, Y los peces salieron a combatir contra los hombres, Maldito sea el hombre que confía en el hombre: un proyecto de alfabetización, Belgrado. Canta lengua el misterio del cuerpo glorioso.

L’anthologie sonore de chants flamencos est une nouveauté apparue dans la discographie en 1954. Au cours des années 1960-1970, plusieurs réalisations de ce type informent durablement les perceptions, historique et esthétique, du flamenco. Alors qu’une anthologie musicale documente en général un répertoire déjà circonscrit, tel n’est pas le cas de ces anthologies de cante flamenco, qui, simultanément, établissent un corpus « légitime » ou « authentique », sa classification et ses modes d’interprétation. Explicitement conçues comme des outils didactiques, elles visent à éduquer le public et, pour les jeunes artistes, à compléter, voire à remplacer, la transmission orale. Aussi convient-il d’interroger les critères et les hiérarchies stylistiques et/ou territoriales implicites qu’elles mettent en œuvre.

Copyright of Mesure et Évaluation en Éducation is the property of ADMEE-Canada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Qu’est-ce que la post-vérité ? Qu’est-ce que les fake news ? S’agirait-il de simples pathologies de l’information ou plutôt d’un phénomène dévoilant une autre logique de la signification sociale ? En mettant à contribution les outils de la sémiotique de la culture (notamment les sémiotiques d’Umberto Eco et de Juri Lotman), le présent article entend analyser la façon dont s’est radicalement transformé le critère de la vérité des discours (leur « régime de vérité » comme le disait Foucault), de même que l’avènement d’un régime « confusionnel » se réclamant d’un critère d’authenticité fondé sur l’expérience en lieu et place d’un critère de vérité fondé sur la vérification.

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Études Caribéennes is the property of Etudes Caribeennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUME Jean-Paul Sartre débute comme dramaturge durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale alors qu'il est prisonnier de guerre en Allemagne, dans un camp de 25.000 détenus. Durant sa captivité, le philosophe écrit une pièce de théâtre réunissant des victimes et leurs bourreaux, des juifs, des prisonniers et des allemands. Bariona est la toute première pièce de Sartre et elle restera une référence pour le théâtre de situations que l'auteur ne cessera de réaliser pendant toute sa vie. Traditionnellement la pensée sartrienne est analysée, dans un premier temps, sous le prisme de la philosophie abstraite et individualiste dont L'être et le néant est l'expression fondamentale, puis, dans un second temps, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, à travers le marxisme dont la Critique de la raison dialectique serait le principal ouvrage. L'objectif essentiel de cet article est de mettre à l'épreuve cette idée en analysant les concepts de l'homme seul et de la collectivité dans la première pièce dramaturgique de Sartre. On verra que l'interprétation que divise la pensée de Sartre en deux n'est pas si juste.

La question du touriste comme pèlerin reflète l’exigence d’authenticité de la part de personnes aspirant à transcender chacune de leur expérience touristique en une découverte originale et expérientielle de l’être. Plus encore, on peut affirmer que tout touriste est en définitive un pèlerin à des degrés divers, car c’est dans sa manière de pratiquer le voyage qu’il rejoint cet apôtre du déplacement inspiré. Le pèlerin est la figure mythique du désir d’intériorité dans l’ailleurs. En effet, la quête identitaire à travers l’expérience intime du local et de l’humain lui permet de vivre la rencontre avec l’autre sur le mode du mysticisme, de renouer avec une certaine authenticité de son être dans une tentative de revenir à l’essentiel dans un élan de conquête d’un soi dont la découverte s’opère par le monde, dans le monde et à travers son immersion dans le monde. Or, n’est-ce pas exactement ce à quoi aspire le touriste ?

À son émergence, le domaine de l’évaluation des langues focalise sur l’apprentissage de l’anglais chez les adultes. Aujourd’hui, une vision élargie s’impose où la frontière entre langue maternelle et langue seconde finit par s’estomper et où la diversité des apprenants est prise en considération. En suivant cette évolution, six grands enjeux se dégagent, autour desquels existe une abondante littérature : 1) la nature de la compétence langagière et ses composantes, 2) les défis de la recherche de l’authenticité, 3) la complexité du processus de validation, 4) les considérations éthiques qui devraient guider les concepteurs et les utilisateurs, 5) les attentes sociales liées à l’évaluation des langues et, 6) les voies qu’ouvre l’utilisation des technologies pour évaluer les compétences langagières. Cette analyse montre que le domaine peut être examiné d’une perspective psychométrique, linguistique, pédagogique ou sociale.

The collapsing of communitarian relations and the increasing isolation of individuals in relation to each other figure prominently in the studies of various authors who sought to describe contemporary ways of life. We address this issue as presented by Charles Taylor in Sources of the Self and in The ethics of authenticity. The author identifies three "malaises" that are present in modern society: individualism, the primacy of instrumental reason and the alienation of individuals from the political sphere. Proposing to avoid a restrictively negativist reading of such phenomena, Taylor presents them as transformations of the dynamic frameworks that constitute the modern identity. We undertook a study of the notions of identity and authenticity as presented in those books, aiming at a synthetic comprehension of this issue and investigating the possibilities of overcoming it, that is, of recovering the meanings lost by an individualist fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Agota Kristof and Katalin Molnár, two Franco-Hungarian authors of the twentieth century, share the concern to use a language that can express a certain reality and truth. For that, they distance themselves from the normative French language and write in an incorrect language, more apt to represent their difference. However, while Kristof wants to reach maximum objectivity, Molnár writes in an exaggeratedly subjective way. This article examines the textual and extratextual position of these authors regarding the possibility of writing the truth, through the analysis of language in Kristof's trilogy and in La¬mour Dieu of Molnár. Agota Kristof et Katalin Molnár, deux auteures franco-hongroises du XXe siècle, partagent la même préoccupation d’utiliser un langage pouvant exprimer une certaine réalité et vérité. Pour cela, elles s’éloignent de la langue française normative et écrivent dans un langage incorrect, plus apte à représenter leur différence. Néanmoins, tandis que le but de Kristof est d’arriver à une objectivité totale, Molnár écrit d’une manière exagérément subjective. Dans cet article, nous examinons la posture textuelle et extratextuelle de ces auteures concernant la possibilité d’écrire la vérité, à travers l’analyse du langage dans la trilogie de Kristof et dans Lamour Dieu de Molnár.

This article examines how different types of authenticity and authentication work together to inspire museum stories, and personal identification with them, in ways that encourage experiential authenticity. It begins by outlining conceptions of object and existential authenticity and demonstrating how they are bound up with processes of hot and cool authentication. I argue that museums deploy all of these mechanisms to encourage experiences which visitors perceive as authentic. This perspective supports a concept of 'experiential authenticity' which connotes the belief and sensations of having experienced something genuine and real. This concept's value is illustrated by examining storytelling in Anne Frank House. Key museum stories are outlined before exploring how different forms, and degrees, of authenticity and authentication work together to enlist visitor imaginations in the storytelling process and to thereby inspire personal identification as well as embodied connections with them. Four key mechanisms for telling stories are analysed (objects, texts, photographs and videos), and their combined capacity to cultivate experiential authenticity is demonstrated. This is important because experiential authenticity heightens visitor receptivity to museum stories, and is thus both a source and agent of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale is the property of Parresia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The collapsing of communitarian relations and the increasing isolation of individuals in relation to each other figure prominently in the studies of various authors who sought to describe contemporary ways of life. We address this issue as presented by Charles Taylor in Sources of the Self and in The ethics of authenticity. The author identifies three "malaises" that are present in modern society: individualism, the primacy of instrumental reason and the alienation of individuals from the political sphere. Proposing to avoid a restrictively negativist reading of such phenomena, Taylor presents them as transformations of the dynamic frameworks that constitute the modern identity. We undertook a study of the notions of identity and authenticity as presented in those books, aiming at a synthetic comprehension of this issue and investigating the possibilities of overcoming it, that is, of recovering the meanings lost by an individualist fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses is the property of Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synergies Chine is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of O Ideário Patrimonial is the property of Centro Transdisciplinar das Arqueologias do Instituto Politecnico de Tomar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article capitalizes on the notion of linguistic risk-taking by focusing on a new pedagogical initiative at the University of Ottawa, an institution where courses, programs, and services in both English and French are available. In this bilingual context, we define linguistic risks as authentic communicative acts in learners' second official language (French/English) which may be "risky" due to factors such as making mistakes, being misunderstood, misunderstanding others, being judged, taking on a different identity, and changing previously established language-choice patterns. This may cause learners to miss campus-wide opportunities for authentic and meaningful second language engagement. To encourage risk-taking, we designed an initiative offering a Linguistic Risk-Taking Passport (a 26-page booklet with over 70 risks) distributed to over 500 French/English learners. The risks represent authentic activities available outside the language classroom (e.g., speak the second language at the library, approach a passer-by for directions, order food at the cafeteria, interact with professors/administrators, attend events, etc.). Learners autonomously check off risks in their passports, comment on difficulty levels, propose additional risks, and can submit passports for prizes. We survey theoretical constructs related to linguistic risk-taking, detail the development of the initiative, and conclude with future directions, including technology use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of ESSACHESS is the property of ESSACHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The religious fact is both ontological and cultural. Yet, in the African space where religiosity is at the everyday rendezvous of the human, the spring of conversions to the so-called revealed monotheistic religions that accompanied the colonial temporality was unfolded according to a dynamic straddling between a radical Metamora and a quest (or conservation) of a religious identity taking into account African traditions and customs. Thus, from the acculturating denial of ancestral religions to the awareness of values that one was tending to deny indiscriminately, the conversion will be both a surpassing and a necessity of a renewal capable of conferring more rooting on the adopted practice. The meeting of religions (that of the colonized and the colonizer) led to a path that imposes a choice between three ramifications: that of a fundamentalist conversion which aims at denying all ancestral cultures; that of an open conversion that integrates values which are specific to Africa in the practice of liturgy without omitting the meaning and the key theological concepts and that of an African conversion which is common in all religious practices to give birth to a sensual religiosity that best expresses the African reality. These tendencies respectively call for acculturation, enculturation and syncretism. Thus, the problem that underlies the approach of this article is the following: what type of conversion for a greater well-being of the African religious practice? The challenge of this debate which puts on the balance African authenticity and authenticity doctrinal of the religions is the one of the mode to be of the conversion or the reconversion for the depth of the relational commitment of the convert with the transcendence and the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]