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The aim of this study was to test the impact of replacing vegetable oils commonly used in the feed of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) with biomass of the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides. For that, a control feed containing vegetable oils and an experimental feed including yeast biomass at 15% level, were fed to Arctic char. Sensory properties of the fish were tested. The content of undesirable compounds in the new feed ingredient were evaluated. Selected heavy metals and organic pollutants were measured in the yeast biomass and the levels found were below the limits of the regulations defined by the European Union. Moisture and ash contents were similar between the two feeds. Hepatic activity of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase was evaluated between the two fish groups and no significant differences were observed. The sensory analysis conducted on heat treated fish fillets with untrained volunteers showed no perceptible sensory difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to present the development and the validation in flight of an airborne probe that can measure in clouds the size of droplets whose diameters are in the range [20 μm; 200 μm].

A multi-exposure digital in-line hologram of a moving particle field is recorded by two different wavelengths and at different times. As a result, during the reconstruction step, each hologram can be independently and accurately reconstructed for each wavelength. This procedure enables avoiding the superimposition of particles images that may be close to each other in multi-exposure holography. The feasibility is demonstrated by using a standard particle sizing reticle and shows the potential of this method for particle velocity measurement.

We present the development of an original simulator to predict interferometric out-of-focus patterns created by irregular rough particles. Despite important simplifications of the scattering properties, this simulator allows to predict quantitative properties of the speckle-like patterns: i.e. the dimension of the central peak of the 2D-autocorrelation of the pattern. This parameter can then be linked to the size and the shape of the particle projected on the CCD sensor, in cases where there is no exact theoretical formulation to calculate the scattered intensity. An experimental demonstration is performed with irregular NaCl salt crystals.

We propose using the circle polynomials to describe a particle’s transmission function in a digital holography setup. This allows both opaque and phase particles to be determined. By means of this description, we demonstrate that it is possible to estimate the digital in-line hologram produced by a spherical particle. The experimental intensity distribution due to an opaque micro-inclusion is compared to the theoretical one obtained by our new model. Moreover, the simulated hologram and reconstructed image of the particle by an optimal fractional Fourier transformation under the opaque disk, quadratic phase, and quasi-spherical phase approximation are compared with the results obtained by simulating holograms by the Lorenz–Mie Theory (LMT). The Zernike coefficients corresponding to the considered particles are evaluated using the double exponential (DE) method which is optimal in various respects.

In this publication, the modelisation of an air bubble as inclusion in a droplet is treated from scalar theory point of view (Fresnel’s theory). The elaborated model is compared with Lorenz–Mie scattering theory and with an experimental results. Circle polynomials and scaled pupil function are the background of this work to take into account the critical angle effect that arises at a transition from a higher index to a lower index medium.

Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and polarized FTIR spectroscopy were used on p-nitroaniline (PNA) and hydroquinone (PNP) to evaluate the nucleation and oriented growth of aromatic crystals on friction-transferred poly(tetrafluoroethylene) layers. Results have shown that although both compounds exhibited epitaxial growth on PTFE substrates following deposition from the vapor phase, PNA formed hydrogen-bonded sheets while PNP formed hydrogen-bonded chains despite their similarity in crystalline structures.

The study of the electronic, crystallographic and optical properties of thin ReSi2 films reveals that the films have a faint pattern when annealed at 750 degrees Celsius. The thickness of the films increases the clarity of the pattern on a bright background. The ReSi2 composition is achieved when the valence band edge shifts from a higher to a lower binding energy state.

The northernmost segment of the Karakoram fault is an active normal dextral wrench fault that bounds the Muji-Tashgurgan Pliocene-Quaternary basin (eastern Pamir). The Kongurshan (7719 m) and Mustaghata (7546 m) mountains are interpreted as twin crustal ramp anticlines formed en echelon on the eastern side of the Karakoram fault by subduction of the Tarim lithosphere under the Pamir. West-dipping S/C mylonitic gneisses that have downdip stretching lineations form the western flank of Kongur Mountain. Kinematic criteria consistently indicate a top-to-the-west sense of shear. The mylonitic foliation is cut by a steeper active normal fault, which is marked by prominent triangular facets on west-facing spurs. The ductile normal shearing deformation occurred during the interval 5-1 Ma. Therefore, like the Himalayas, the Pamir mountain range shows the coeval development of frontal thrusting and rear normal faulting. The Kongur fault thus appears to be an excellent example of synorogenic extension where normal faulting contributes to relief.

40Ar/39Ar alkali feldspar modeling, along with multidomain theory, shows that a major change occurred in the cooling history of Kongur Shan gneiss antiform in China at 2Ma. During the period, cooling increased from 20 degrees Celsius/my to a minimum of 150 degrees Celsius/my. Movement along major normal faults initiates a major denudation effect which is responsible for the sudden change in cooling rates. Normal faulting is responsible for the formation of Kangur Shan.

The use of pressure-time (PT) indicators in rock structures was applied to the study of Devonian collapse tectonics. Information on the PT paths of eclogites in the Western Gneiss Region of Norway and the Devonian sedimentary basins validate the current theory that the geological structures were formed by Caledonian nappes overlapping, allowing crust thinning that rapidly thrusted upward the underlying high-pressure rock structures. Extensional movements on the opposition of the high-pressure rock structures may also explain the temperature increase indicated in the upthrusting.

We propose in this paper an analytical solution to the problem of scalar diffraction of a partially coherent beam by an opaque disk. This analytical solution is applied in digital in-line holography of particles. We demonstrate that the reconstruction by means of fractional Fourier transformation is still possible when a spatially partially coherent beam is used. Numerical simulations and experiments have been carried out.

An experimental method to visualize a 3D-region of interest (ROI) by means of an astigmatic Gaussian beam is proposed. This method allows to reduce the amount of image planes to be reconstructed thus saving computational time. ROI determination is performed without any computational step: particles that are located in the ROI can be distinguished from the others according to the hyperbolic shape of their diffraction pattern. Theoretical location of the ROI is determined by using the ABCD approach proposed in a previous paper [1]. Experimental results are presented.