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1. Comparative analysis of direct coupling and MPPT control in standalone PV systems for solar energy optimization to meet sustainable building energy demands

Author

Chandrasekharan Nataraj, G. Karthikeyan, G. Jaya Bharathi, and Shankar Duraikannan

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Solar energy, a prominent renewable source, has reached an installed capacity of 71.78 GW in India. This research explored the load demands of the computer center at an engineering college in Tanjore, Tamil Nadu, India. The computer center at the engineering college has an annual energy requirement of 260,552 kWh/Year. Consequently, the research focused on the planning and implementation of a standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) system, assessing it against the institution's total annual energy consumption. The performance ratio and losses of the SAPV system with both direct coupling and an MPPT charge controller was compared. This comparative analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two solar photovoltaic control methods—SAPV direct coupling and Maximum Power Point Tracking control—in optimizing energy harvesting from solar panels.

Published
2024
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2. Optimization of Squeeze Casting Process Parameters on AA8011 Based Hmmcs Under NaCl Environment

Author

S. Senthil Kumar, G. Karthikeyan, and K. Panneer Selvam

Subjects
aa8011, zro2, si3n4, squeeze casting, uts, micro hardness, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

The present research computes the impact of process parameters of squeeze casting on AA8011/Si3N4/ZrO2 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCs). The melting temperatures (700 to 800°C), Si3N4 + ZrO2 (5 to 15 wt.%) and stirring speed (550 to 750 rpm) were selected as parameters for input. The AA8011 HMMCs were fabricated as per the combination of L9 input parameters, and they were subjected to Energy Dispersive X Ray Analysis (EDAX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) tests to compute the presence of wt.% of matrix and reinforcements and to confirm the uniform distribution of Si3N4 + ZrO2 in matrix AA8011. Besides, fabricated composites were subjected to tensile and micro hardness test after subjecting to Salt spray test (3.5% NaCl, 120 hours exposing duration and 1.2 kg/cm2 spray pressure) for computing the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and micro hardness. The Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was employed for optimizing process parameters of squeeze casting on AA8011 based composites. The EDAX test results confirms that the increasing wt.% of silicon nitride and zirconium dioxide reinforcements enhances the presence of elements such as Si, N, Zr and O in manufactured composites. The higher dense reinforcements are uniformly distributed in the matrix AA8011 at the blend of input parameters of AA8011 composite. Based on the Taguchi approach, the medium level of melting temperature (750°C), higher level of wt.% of Si3N4 and ZrO2 reinforcements (15 wt.%) and higher level for speed of stirring (750 rpm) is the optimized combination parameters of squeeze casting for UTS and microhardness are identified. Based on the GRA technique, the influencing sequence are identified for squeeze casting process parameters are wt.% of Si3N4 + ZrO2 reinforcements, stirring speed and melting temperature for both UTS and Micro hardness. The contribution percentage of melting temperature, wt.% of reinforcements and stirring speed are 20.26%, 48.102% and 29.23% respectively. The confirmation test was done for optimized input parameters and it exhibit 56% higher UTS and 48.2% higher micro hardness of than AA8011 matrix material.

Published
2024
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3. A hybrid deep learning approach to solve optimal power flow problem in hybrid renewable energy systems

Author

G. Gurumoorthi, S. Senthilkumar, G. Karthikeyan, and Faisal Alsaif

Subjects
Optimal power flow, Hybrid renewable energy system, Solar, Wind energy, Deep learning, Deep reinforcement learning, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The reliable operation of power systems while integrating renewable energy systems depends on Optimal Power Flow (OPF). Power systems meet the operational demands by efficiently managing the OPF. Identifying the optimal solution for the OPF problem is essential to ensure voltage stability, and minimize power loss and fuel cost when the power system is integrated with renewable energy resources. The traditional procedure to find the optimal solution utilizes nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms which exhibit performance drop in terms of high convergence rate and local optimal solution while handling uncertainties and nonlinearities in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES). Thus, a novel hybrid model is presented in this research work using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) with Quantum Inspired Genetic Algorithm (DRL-QIGA). The DRL in the proposed model effectively combines the proximal policy network to optimize power generation in real-time. The ability to learn and adapt to the changes in a real-time environment makes DRL to be suitable for the proposed model. Meanwhile, the QIGA enhances the global search process through the quantum computing principle, and this improves the exploitation and exploration features while searching for optimal solutions for the OPF problem. The proposed model experimental evaluation utilizes a modified IEEE 30-bus system to validate the performance. Comparative analysis demonstrates the proposed model’s better performance in terms of reduced fuel cost of $620.45, minimized power loss of 1.85 MW, and voltage deviation of 0.065 compared with traditional optimization algorithms.

Published
2024
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5. Preferential flow of phosphorus and nitrogen under steady‐state saturated conditions

Author

Kritika Malhotra, Jasmeet Lamba, Thomas R. Way, Colleen Williams, K. G. Karthikeyan, Suman Budhathoki, Rishi Prasad, Puneet Srivastava, and Jingyi Zheng

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Abstract Repeated broiler litter application on agricultural lands can cause nutrient enrichment of subsurface effluent, especially with the existence of preferential flow through soil macropores. Previous studies quantifying soil macropores have not attempted to establish a connection of soil macropore characteristics with the subsurface nutrient (nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) losses, across different topographical locations in the field. This study investigated the effect of broiler litter application and preferential flow on subsurface nutrient transport (N and P) at different topographical positions (upslope, midslope, and downslope) in a no‐till pasture field located in Alabama, USA. Twelve intact soil columns (150 mm id and 500 mm length) were used, and the nutrient leaching measurements from laboratory experiments were linked to soil macropore characteristics quantified using X‐ray computed tomography image analysis and solute transport modeling. Treatments included surface broadcast broiler litter (5 Mg ha−1, on dry basis) and unamended control. Leachates were analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP), total P (TP), and nitrate + nitrite‐N (NO3− + NO2−–N). The bromide breakthrough curves provided evidence of preferential flow in all columns. Litter application significantly increased leachate P concentrations, and average TP and DRP concentrations were significantly higher in the leachate from upslope columns compared to those at downslope location. The NO3−–N concentrations in leachate exceeded the US EPA drinking water standard of 10 mg L−1 in all the treatment columns. The highest flow‐weighted mean concentrations of TP and DRP, at 2.7 and 2.5 mg L−1, respectively, were recorded in the upslope columns. Soil physicochemical properties and nutrient leaching losses varied substantially across topographical positions, indicating a need for variable litter application rates to reduce P build‐up and subsequent leaching in vulnerable locations within the field. The relevance of the effect of topographic position on nutrient leaching found in this study should be further tested by investigating a wider range of slopes and soil types in pastures.

Published
2024
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7. A distinct strain of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus that causes mosaic disease in ash gourd and other cucurbitaceous crops

Author

S. Vignesh, P. Renukadevi, K. Nagendran, N. Senthil, R. Vinoth Kumar, R. SwarnaPriya, Tusar Kanti Behera, and G. Karthikeyan

Subjects
begomovirus, pathogenesis, evolution, agro-inoculation, cucurbits, qPCR, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Ash gourd (Benincasa hispida) is a cucurbitaceous crop cultivated as an edible vegetable rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers and antioxidants. In a field survey conducted in the Udumalpet region of Tamil Nadu during 2019, the incidence of mosaic disease on ash gourd crop was observed to be 75%. The DNA-A and DNA-B components of begomovirus genome have been identified as associated with this disease. Both the cloned DNA-A and DNA-B genomic components shared highest pairwise sequence identities with the isolates of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a bipartite begomovirus. Recombinant analysis showed that both the components are possibly evolved through intra-species recombination between ToLCNDV isolates. Tomato leaf curl Bangladesh betasatellite (ToLCBB) is not naturally associated with this sample. The results of infectivity studies on ash gourd and other cucurbitaceous crops demonstrates the Koch’s postulates, when co-inoculation of DNA-A and DNA-B of ToLCNDV was undertaken. However, the inoculation of non-cognate ToLCBB along with DNA-A and DNA-B enhances the symptom expression and reduces the time taken for symptom development. Thus, Koch’s postulates were proved for these virus complexes on cucurbitaceous crops. Furthermore, an enhanced accumulation of DNA-A component was detected in the cucurbits co-inoculated with ToLCNDV and ToLCBB. This report highlights the importance of investigating the spread of these disease complexes with other cucurbitaceous crops in India.

Published
2023
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8. Mutagenic effectiveness, efficiency and dose optimization of gamma rays in papaya (Carica papaya L.) varieties

Author

Aiswarya Ravi1*, M. S. Aneesa Rani2, J. Auxcilia3, V. Thiruvengadam4 and G. Karthikeyan

Subjects
papaya, gamma rays, mutagenic efficiency, mutagenic effectiveness, ld50, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

The present study was conducted to determine the mutagenic effectiveness, efficiency and lethal dose of gamma rays in papaya varieties CO7, Arka Prabhath and Arka Surya. Papaya seeds were exposed to various doses of gamma rays (0Gy, 100Gy, 150Gy, 200Gy, 250Gy, 300Gy, 350Gy, 400Gy, 450Gy and 500Gy) and the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays were assessed based on the chlorophyll mutation frequency and biological damage in M1 plant basis. There was a negative relationship between mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency with the doses of gamma irradiation. LD50 value was optimized in CO7, Arka Prabhath and Arka Surya as 354, 348 and 341Gy respectively. Generally, the germination, survival and growth rate of papaya decreased with an increase in gammairradiation doses. Lower doses of mutations created very few mutations and higher doses of gamma irradiation induced lethality and sterility of seedlings whereas, lethal dose 50 has proved to be more effective in inducing desirable mutations in papaya. Since identifying the mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness of the mutagen and optimization of lethal dose is the preliminary step in any mutagenic experiment, this study will offer a foundation for further gamma irradiation studies in papaya to develop desirable mutants.

Published
2022
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9. Musa Acuminata Leaves Extract Impedes Bacterial Growth and Ultraviolet Protection in Cotton Fabric

Author

B. Mothilal, S.Kubera Sampath Kumar, C. Prakash, K. Harish Kumar, B. Venkatesh, S. Sivamani, and G. Karthikeyan

Subjects
antibacterial activity, banana leaf, ftir, methanol extraction, musa acuminata, ultraviolet protection, Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., TP890-933
Abstract

In this study, the methanol extract of Musa acuminate leaves has a significant development on the quality of the protection features such as, antibacterial and ultraviolet protection, was observed. The fabric finished with a higher concentration of M. acuminata sap (7%) at the temperature rate of 40–50°C has higher zone of inhibition against gram-positive bacteria and improved ultraviolet protection factor than the controlled sample. The fabric finished with the lower concentration of M. acuminata sap (3% & 5%) has lesser zone of inhibition against gram-positive bacteria. The fabric finished with a 7% concentration of M. acuminata leaves methanol extract at 40–50°C shows high protection factor against antibacterial and ultraviolet protection. Hence, it is observed that the fabric finished with a higher concentration of M. acuminata sap exhibits a higher zone of inhibition against bacteria’s and ultraviolet protection factors when compared to the lower concentration of methanol extraction of M. acuminata leaves.

Published
2022
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10. The severe presentation and poor outcomes of rheumatic heart disease in Namibia: Lessons from the REMEDY study

Author

T Auala, L Zühlke, L Sikwaya, H du Toit, G Karthikeyan, K Teo, S Yusuf, M E Engels, B M Mayosi, and C T Hugo-Hamman

Subjects
Rheumatic Diseases, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background. This paper reports the baseline characteristics and outcomes of 266 Namibian patients in the Global Registry of Rheumatic Heart Disease. Objective. To describe clinical findings and outcomes in a cohort of children and adults with rheumatic heart disease in Namibia. Methods. Prospective study of all patients with rheumatic heart disease at Windhoek Central Hospital between January 2010 and November 2012. Results. A total of 266 patients were enrolled; median age was 22 years, 72.6% were

Published
2023
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11. Estimation of genetic parameters and gene action among crosses of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) for seed yield and its component traits

Author

S. Ragul1,2, N. Manivannan2,*, K. Iyanar3, N. Ganapathy4 and G. Karthikeyan

Subjects
blackgram, generation mean analysis, epistasis, five parameters, seed yield, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Generation mean analysis was employed among the crosses of MDU1 x TU68, VBN6 x TU68 and VBN8 x TU68 of blackgram to partition the mean into various genetic components viz., additive, dominance and epistasis. Five generations viz., P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3 obtained from the above three cross combinations were evaluated. The results of the scaling test showed that number of branches per plant in MDU 1 x TU 68, number of branches per plant and number of pods per cluster in VBN 6 x TU 68 and days to flowering and pod length in VBN 8 x TU 68 recorded additive gene action. Hence, these traits can be improved through pedigree breeding and simple selection. All other traits showed non additive model as one or both scales of C and D had significance. Days to flowering, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and single plant yield had additive gene action. In the case of epistasis, days to flowering had additive x additive type gene action in MDU 1 x TU68 and VBN6 x TU68 crosses, while the cross VBN8 x TU68 had additive gene action alone. Hence, the selection at later generations is effective to improve these traits. Other traits had differential gene action in each cross. Based on the results, it can be concluded that an appropriate selection programme needs to be devised for each cross based on the gene action.

Published
2021
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12. Gene action for yield and yield contributing traits in blackgram through generation mean analysis

Author

P. Sathya1,2, N. Manivannan2*, PL. Viswanathan2, N. Ganapathy3 and G. Karthikeyan

Subjects
blackgram, generation mean analysis, additive-dominance model, epistatic model, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Generation mean analysis was worked out for three crosses of blackgram viz., VBN(Bg) 4 x CO 5, VBN(Bg) 4 x APK 1 and VBN(Bg) 4 x Mash 1008. Five parameter model was utilized in this study to identify the gene actions of various yield and yield contributing traits. Most of the traits recorded the presence of epistasis gene action. The traits viz., pod length, the number of seeds per pod recorded additive-dominance model in the cross VBN(Bg) 4 x APK 1. Significant additive–dominance model for 100-seed weight recorded in the cross VBN(Bg) 4 x CO 5. Hence, these traits can be improved through pedigree breeding and simple selection. Significant additive or additive x additive gene action was observed for days to flowering, plant height, the number of pods per cluster and 100-seed weight in all crosses. The selection needs to be delayed due to the presence of additive or additive x additive gene action with an epistatic model. Other traits had differential gene action in each cross. Based on the results, it can be concluded that an appropriate selection programme needs to be followed for each cross based on the gene action.

Published
2021
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13. Cotton yield prediction using drone derived LAI and chlorophyll content

Author

P. SHANMUGAPRIYA, K. R. LATHA, S. PAZHANIVELAN, R. KUMARAPERUMAL, G. KARTHIKEYAN, and N. S. SUDARMANIAN

Subjects
Drone, LAI, SPAD chlorophyll, Multispectral imageries, Vegetation indices, Yield, Agriculture
Abstract

The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have become a better solution for agricultural growers due to advanced features such as minimal maintenance costs, quick set-up time, low acquisition costs, and live data capturing. Near-ground remote sensing (drone) has opened up new agronomic opportunities for better crop management. This study predicted the seed cotton yield for a cotton field area located at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were done for ground truth data and vegetation indices for validation and accuracy and also to find the best-performing indices. It was concluded that the Wide Dynamic Range Vegetation Index (WDRVI) showed a better correlation coefficient (R=0.959) with LAI ground truth data (R2=0.919). In contrast, the Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index (MCARI) showed a better correlation coefficient (R=0.919) with SPAD chlorophyll ground truth data (R2=0.845). Then the best performing indices WDRVI and MCARI were further used for generating the yield model. High spatial resolution drone imageries for determining LAI and chlorophyll are reliable and rapid, as per the study. It helps to determine the LAI and chlorophyll at a spatial scale and their influence on yield production. This yield prediction was technical support for the widespread adoption and application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing in large-scale precision agriculture.

Published
2022
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14. Co-existence of chlorosis inducing strain of Cucumber mosaic virus with tospoviruses on hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) in India

Author

J. Vinodhini, L. Rajendran, R. Abirami, and G. Karthikeyan

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Cucumo- and tospoviruses are the most destructive viruses infecting hot pepper (chilli). A diagnostic survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of cucumo and tospoviruses in chilli growing tracts of Tamil Nadu. Infected plants showing mosaic with chlorotic and necrotic rings, veinal necrosis, mosaic mottling, leaf filiformity and malformation were collected. Molecular indexing carried out through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with coat protein gene specific primer of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tospovirus degenerate primer corresponding to the L segment (RdRp). Ostensibly, amplifications were observed for both CMV and tospoviruses as sole as well for mixed infections. The sequence analysis indicated that the Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) and Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) to be involved with CMV in causing combined infections. The co-infection of CMV with CaCV was detected in 10.41% of the symptomatic plant samples and combined infection of CMV with GBNV was recorded in around 6.25% of the symptomatic plants surveyed. The amino acid substitution of Ser129 over conserved Pro129 in coat protein of CMV implies that CMV strain involved in mixed infection as chlorosis inducing strain. Further, the electron microscopy of symptomatic plant samples explicated the presence of isometric particles of CMV and quasi spherical particles of tospoviruses. This is the first molecular evidence for the natural co-existence of chlorosis inducing CMV strain with CaCV and GBNV on hot pepper in India.

Published
2021
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15. Analysis of the restoration of cardiology diagnostics scope in the Russian Federation during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the Russian segment of the INCAPS COVID 2 study under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency

Author

A. A. Ansheles, V. B. Sergienko, E. V. Sinitsyn, M. N. Vakhromeeva, A. N. Kokov, K. V. Zavadovsky, D. V. Ryzhkova, A. V. Karalkin, I. V. Shurupova, V. A. Pospelov, E. V. Migunova, G. B. Sayfullina, O. Yu. Dariy, K. N. Zhuravlev, I. E. Itskovich, N. V. Gagarina, C. Hirschfeld, M. C. Williams, L. J. Shaw, E. Malkovskiy, N. Better, R. Cerci, Sh. Dorbala, G. Karthikeyan, T. N. Pascual, T. Villines, J. V. Vitola, Y. Cohen, M. Randazzo, L. Sewanan, Y. Pynda, M. Dondi, D. Paez, and A. J. Einstein

Subjects
covid-19, cardiology diagnostic tests, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Aim. To assess the changes in cardiology diagnostics scope in the Russian Federation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Material and methods. In an online survey organized by the Division of Human Health of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), including questions about changes in the workflow of diagnostic laboratories and the scope of cardiac diagnostics from March 2019 (pre-pandemic) to April 2020 (first wave of the pandemic) and April 2021 (recovery stage), 15 Russian medical centers from 5 cities took part.Results. The decrease in the diagnostics scope by April 2020 by 59,3% compared to March 2019, by April 2021, stopped and was replaced by growth (+7,1%, the recovery rate, 112,1%). The greatest increase was in routine examinations, such as echocardiography (+11,6%), stress echocardiography (+18,7%), stress single photon emission computed tomography (+9,7%), and to a lesser extent resting computed tomography angiography (+7,0%) and magnetic resonance imaging (+6,6%). The performance of stress electrocardiography, stress magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography for the diagnosis of endocarditis in April 2021 compared to March 2019 decreased by 10,3%, 63,2% and 62,5%, respectively.Conclusion. Due to the resumption of patient admissions for cardiac examinations during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, with the anti-epidemic measures taken and certain changes in the workflow, there has been a recovery in the diagnostics scope in most of the included centers.

Published
2022
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18. Culture-dependent analysis of seed bacterial endophyte, Pseudomonas spp. EGN 1 against the stem rot disease (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in groundnut

Author

T. Archana, L. Rajendran, S. K. Manoranjitham, V. P. Santhana Krishnan, M. Paramasivan, and G. Karthikeyan

Subjects
Groundnut, Stem rot, Sclerotium rolfsii, Seed bacterial endophytes, Pseudomonas spp., Antagonist, Agriculture
Abstract

Abstract Background Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L., crop is an important oil seed crop in India and is prone to attack by numerous fungal and viral diseases, among the soil-borne diseases, stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is economically important. Main body of abstract Incidence (86.6%) of the stem rot disease was recorded in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India, during the roving survey. For its management, an attempt was made to isolate bacterial endophyte from peanut seeds of different groundnut cultivars by culture-dependent analysis. Totally, 16 bacterial endophytes (endophytes groundnut (EGN) 1 to EGN 16 along with standards TNAU-Pf1 and EPC 5) were obtained and characterized through morphological, biochemical and molecular studies and also phytostimulation activities were performed. Among the isolates, EGN 1 and EGN 4 showed positive results for indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, phosphate solubilization and protease tests in vitro. The dual culture analysis showed inhibition rates of 60.1% (dual plate assay), 68.23% (filter paper disc assay) and 100% (triangle method of streaking and culture filtrate assay) for EGN 1 against S. rolfsii. Further, the crude metabolite assay showed 97.7% inhibition in EGN 1, followed by 87.7% in EGN 4. The roll towel study showed a high vigour index of 4286.7 in EGN 1; hence, this isolate was chosen. Further, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed various bands at 0.72 R f, whereas GC-MS analysis indicated the prominent peaks of hexadecanoic acid and cis-vaccenic acid that may responsible for antifungal activity. In a molecular approach, the genomic DNA of EGN 1 strain was used to amplify a 1200 bp PCR-fragment and sequenced. Short conclusion The overall outcome of this study showed that Pseudomonas spp. EGN 1 had a great potential as a bio-stimulant and biocontrol agent to manage effectively the stem rot in peanut.

Published
2020
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19. Factor XIII deficiency in a neonate presenting as subpial haemorrhage

Author

Monish G. Karthikeyan, Poojitha Ronda, and Prabhu C. Sugumaran

Subjects
intracranial haemorrhage, subpial haemorrhage, term neonate, yin-yang sign factor xiii, ct, mri, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Subpial haemorrhage is a rare cause of seizures in term neonates. A 3-day-old male infant, born at term with no history of perinatal hypoxia, presented with seizures and unremarkable physical examination in the interictal state. Imaging demonstrated left temporal subpial haemorrhage with the classic ‘yin-yang sign’ on MRI. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with factor XIII deficiency. Follow-up at 6 months and 12 months revealed encephalomalacia in the previous haemorrhagic areas with normal developmental milestones.

Published
2022
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20. Experimental investigation of coconut shell charcoal and boron carbide/zirconium dioxide in aluminium 7075 matrix composites under varying operating conditions: a comparative analysis

Author

B Silambarasan and G Karthikeyan

Subjects
aluminium 7075, boron carbide, zirconium dioxide, coconut shell charcoal, ANOVA, SEM analysis, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

This study focused on investigating the influence of varying weight percentages of coconut shell charcoal (CSC) on the physical, mechanical, and wear properties of aluminum 7075 (Al-7075) matrix composites reinforced by boron carbide (B _4 C) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO _2 ). Throughout the study, these composites were prepared with a constant 3 wt% B _4 C/ZrO _2 . The developed composites were then subjected to the tribological analysis using a pin-on-disc apparatus under a constant sliding speed (2000 m), a sliding distance (4 m s ^−1 ), and varying operating temperatures (room temperature, 150, 200, and 250 °C). The worn-out surfaces of the composites were examined using a magnified scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the microstructural analysis and wear behavior. The composites containing 3% B _4 C/ZrO _2 and 3% CSC exhibited the highest hardness and wear resistance among the studied composites. The incorporation of CSC increased the density and porosity of the composites up to a 3 wt%, but at 4 wt%, a decrease was observed. It is worth noting that the B-series samples had slightly lower hardness values compared to the Z-series samples. Regarding the effect of temperature, the wear rate decreased as the temperature increased. The Al-7075/ZrO _2 /CSC composite demonstrated improved wear resistance and coefficient of friction (COF) compared to the Al-7075/B _4 C/CSC composite, with respective enhancements of 19.30% and 42.19%. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the significant impact of CSC weight fraction on wear for both composites, whereas only the Al-7075/ZrO _2 /CSC composites showed significance for COF. The SEM analysis revealed that the addition of CSC resulted in a uniform distribution of particles within the matrix, leading to improved wear resistance. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the addition of CSC influenced the density, porosity, hardness, wear resistance, and COF in the Al-7075 matrix composites. Optimal performance was achieved with a 3 wt% CSC for Al-7075/ZrO _2 /CSC at 250 °C. The composites developed in this study, comprising boron carbide (B _4 C)- and zirconium dioxide (ZrO _2 )-reinforced aluminum 7075 (Al-7075) matrix with varying weight percentages of CSC, have several potential applications such as in the fields of automotive, aerospace, defense, and industrial machinery.

Published
2023
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21. Anisotropy extraction using a deviated well in the Mahanadi Basin, East Coast of India

Author

Biplab Kumar Mukherjee, G. Karthikeyan, Karanpal Rawat, and Hari Srivastava

Subjects
Shala anisotrophy, Thomsen’s parameters, Gardner equation, XRD, AVO, Petroleum refining. Petroleum products, TP690-692.5, Petrology, QE420-499
Abstract

Abstract Shale is the primary rock type in the shallow marine section of the Mahanadi Basin, East Coast of India. Shale, being intrinsically anisotropic, always affects the seismic data. Anisotropy derived from seismic and VSP has lower resolution and mostly based on P wave. The workflow discussed here uses Gardner equation to derive vertical velocity and uses a nonlinear fitting to extract the Thomsen’s parameters using both the P wave and S wave data. These parameters are used to correct the sonic log of a deviated well as well as anisotropic AVO response of the reservoir. The presence of negative delta was observed, which is believed to be affected by the presence of chloride and illite in the rock matrix. This correction can be used to update the velocity model for time–depth conversion and pore pressure modelling.

Published
2019
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22. Design of an efficient decision support system using evolutionary deep forward network model

Author

G. Karthikeyan, G. Komarasamy, and S. Daniel Madan Raja

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Artificial Intelligence, General Engineering
Abstract

With the vast advancements in the medical domain, earlier prediction of disease plays a substantial role in enhancing healthcare quality and making better decisions during tough times. This research concentrates on modelling and automated disease prediction model to offer an earlier prediction model for heart disease and the risk factors. This work considers a standard UCI machine learning-based benchmark dataset for model validation and extracts the risk factors related to the disease. The outliers and imbalanced datasets are pre-processed using data normalization to enhance the classification performance. Here, feature selection is performed using non-linear Particle Swarm Optimization (NL - PSO). Finally, classification is done with the Improved Deep Evolutionary model with Feed Forward Neural Networks (IDEBDFN). The algorithm’s learning nature is used to evaluate the nature of the hidden layers to produce the optimal results. The outcomes demonstrate that the anticipated model provides superior prediction accuracy. The simulation is carried out in a MATLAB environment, and metrics like accuracy, F-measure, precision, recall, and so on are evaluated. The accuracy (without features) of the evolutionary model in the UCI ML dataset is 97.65%, accuracy (with features) is 98.56%, specificity is 95%, specificity is 2% higher than both the datasets, F1-score is 40%, execution time (min) is 0.04 min, and the AUROC is 96.85% which is substantially higher than other datasets. The proposed model works efficiently compared to various prevailing standards and individual approaches.

Published
2023
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24. Clinical and angiographic profiles and six months outcomes of smokers with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty

Author

A. Gupta, S.K. Verma, R. Sharma, N. Parakh, S. Ramakrishnan, A. Roy, S. Singh, G. Sharma, G. Karthikeyan, N. Naik, R. Yadav, S. Mishra, S. Seth, R. Narang, K.C. Goswami, B. Bhargava, and V.K. Bahl

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: Outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) in smokers are expected to be better than non-smokers as for patients of acute STEMI with or without fibrinolytic therapy. Objectives: This comparative study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of primary PCI in patients with acute STEMI in smokers and non-smokers. Clinical and angiographic profile of the two groups was also compared. Methods: Over duration of two year, a total of 150 consecutive patients of acute STEMI eligible for primary PCI were enrolled and constituted the two groups [Smokers (n = 90), Non-smokers (n = 60)] of the study population. There was no difference in procedure in two groups. Results: In the present study of acute STEMI, current smokers were about a decade younger than non-smokers (p value = 0.0002), majority were male (98.9% vs 56.6%) were male with a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (61.67% vs 32.28% and 46.67% vs 14.44%, p = 0.001) respectively. Smokers tended to have higher thrombus burden (p = 0.06) but less multi vessel disease (p = 0.028). Thirty day and six month mortality was non-significantly higher in smokers 4.66% vs 1.33% (p = 0.261) and 5.33% vs 2.66% (p = NS) respectively. Rate of quitting smoking among smokers was 80.90% at 6 months. Conclusion: The study documents that smokers with acute STEMI have similar outcomes as compared to non smokers with higher thrombus burden and lesser non culprit artery involvement. Smokers present at much younger age emphasizing the role of smoking cessation for prevention of myocardial infarction. Keywords: Coronary artery disease, Infarct related artery, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Smokers, ST segment elevation myocardial infarction

Published
2018
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25. A comprehensive study and review of tuning the performance on database scalability in big data analytics

Author

M.R. Sundarakumar, G. Mahadevan, R. Natchadalingam, G. Karthikeyan, J. Ashok, J. Samuel Manoharan, V. Sathya, and P. Velmurugadass

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Artificial Intelligence, General Engineering
Abstract

In the modern era, digital data processing with a huge volume of data from the repository is challenging due to various data formats and the extraction techniques available. The accuracy levels and speed of the data processing on larger networks using modern tools have limitations for getting quick results. The major problem of data extraction on the repository is finding the data location and the dynamic changes in the existing data. Even though many researchers created different tools with algorithms for processing those data from the warehouse, it has not given accurate results and gives low latency. This output is due to a larger network of batch processing. The performance of the database scalability has to be tuned with the powerful distributed framework and programming languages for the latest real-time applications to process the huge datasets over the network. Data processing has been done in big data analytics using the modern tools HADOOP and SPARK effectively. Moreover, a recent programming language such as Python will provide solutions with the concepts of map reduction and erasure coding. But it has some challenges and limitations on a huge dataset at network clusters. This review paper deals with Hadoop and Spark features also their challenges and limitations over different criteria such as file size, file formats, and scheduling techniques. In this paper, a detailed survey of the challenges and limitations that occurred during the processing phase in big data analytics was discussed and provided solutions to that by selecting the languages and techniques using modern tools. This paper gives solutions to the research people who are working in big data analytics, for improving the speed of data processing with a proper algorithm over digital data in huge repositories.

Published
2023
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27. Biocontrol of wilt-nematode complex infecting gerbera by Bacillus subtilis under protected cultivation

Author

SA. Ramyabharathi, K. Sankari Meena, L. Rajendran, G. Karthikeyan, E. I. Jonathan, and T. Raguchander

Subjects
Bacillus subtilis Bbv 57, Surfactin, Iturin, ß-Glucanase, Fusarium nematode complex, Greenhouse, Agriculture
Abstract

Abstract A strong antibiotic producer, Bacillus subtilis strain Bbv 57 (KF718836), has been utilized for the management of wilt-nematode complex (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gerberae, Meloidogyne incognita) in gerbera under greenhouse conditions in the Department of Floriculture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The strain strongly inhibited F. oxysporum f. sp. gerberae (KM523669) mycelial growth to an extent of 44.33 and 63.33%, at 10 and 100 μl, of culture filtrate, respectively. Further, the culture filtrate at 100% concentration exerted lethal effect on nematode eggs (7.00 hatched) and juveniles (87% mortality) compared to control. The analysis of TLC revealed that Bbv 57 showed the cyclic antimicrobial peptides surfactin and iturin that were confirmed by PCR. Strain Bbv 57 was able to produce antifungal and anti-nematicidal activity with reduced wilt incidence (15.33%) and thus holds a great potential for use in the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt-root-knot nematode disease complex in gerbera under greenhouse conditions.

Published
2018
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29. A high yielding downy mildew disease resistant pearl millet composite CO 10

Author

P. Sumathi, P. Veerabadhiran, R. Ravikesavan, G. Karthikeyan, N. Meyyazhagan, R. Poonguzhali, C.R. Ananda kumar, K. Ganesamurthy and, and S. Revathi

Subjects
ucc 32, composite, co 10, medium duration, downy mildew resistance, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

A high yielding pearl millet variety, UCC 32 was developed as composite by mixing and random mating of five elite inbred lines with resistant to downy mildew disease at Department of millets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. It has been tested extensively in Tamil Nadu and in other states under MLT, ART, OFT and All India Co-ordinated programme for the past four years. It performed well both under rainfed and irrigated situations in Tamil Nadu. This variety is medium in stature (160 -180 cm) and in duration (85 - 90 days). It produces 4 - 6 productive tillers with mostly lanceolate shaped ears. The size of the grain is bold and is grayish yellow in colour. The variety UCC 32 is highly resistant to downy mildew under both normal and sick plot condition. This new variety recorded a mean grain yield of 3474 kg/ha under irrigated conditions, which are about 17 and 23 per cent increase over the checks CO (Cu) 9 and ICMV 221 respectively. The mean grain yield under rainfed conditions is 2916 kg/ha which is 15 and 24 per cent increase over CO (Cu) 9 and ICMV 221 respectively. The variety UCC 32 is medium in duration, high yielding, resistant to downy mildew, bold grain, compact ear head, non-lodging and fertilizer responsive. The protein content is high (12.07 %). It has acceptable cooking quality and suited for consumption.

Published
2017
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30. Heart failure guidelines for India: Update 2017

Author

Sandeep Seth, S Ramakrishnan, Neeraj Parekh, G Karthikeyan, Sandeep Singh, and Gautam Sharma

Subjects
2017, heart failure guidelines, India, Medicine, Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem in India with a postadmission mortality of 20%–30%. Medication adherence ranges from 25% to 50%, and the tolerance of guideline-based medication is low for Indian patients. We took out guidelines on HF in 2015, and this update covers the changes which have occurred in HF management in the past 2 years. As a number of new drugs such as angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor and ivabradine have been approved for use in India, devices such as implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy are becoming more accessible and more left ventricular assist devices and transplants are being done in India, there is need for clear guidelines for the use of each which are practical for India.

Published
2017
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31. Moisture Management Properties of Bamboo Viscose/Tencel Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics

Author

G. Karthikeyan, G. Nalakilli, O. L. Shanmugasundaram, and C. Prakash

Subjects
bamboo, blend ratio, knitted fabrics, moisture management, tencel, Science, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., TP890-933
Abstract

Effect of bamboo viscose/tencel blend ratio on the moisture management properties of single jersey knitted fabrics has been studied. Moisture management properties, such as wetting time of top and bottom fabric surfaces, maximum moisture absorption rates of top and bottom surfaces, maximum wetted radii of top and bottom surfaces, spreading speeds of top and bottom surfaces, and cumulative one-way transport capacity and overall moisture management capacity have been considered and correlated to the blend ratio of bamboo viscose/tencel yarn single jersey knitted fabrics. It is observed that as the tencel content increases, the wetting time, absorption rate, spreading speed, overall moisture management capacity decreases but maximum wetted radius increases.

Published
2017
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33. Morphometric study of renal artery and its variations in level of origin

Author

P K Sankaran, G Karthikeyan, and M Kumaresan

Subjects
hilum, ostium, ct angiography, renal transplantation, vascular hypertension, Human anatomy, QM1-695
Abstract

Background : Knowledge of morphometry and variations of renal artery is of utmost surgical importance. Forcible retraction of vascular pedicle can cause rupture of blood vessel and can lead to fatal hemorrhage. So, the exact measurement of renal artery and its variation in level of origin is important for renal transplantation surgeries, stent surgeries and in cases of renal vascular hypertension. Aim: To determine the length and diameter of main renal artery and to find out the variation in the level of origin. Materials and methods: In this study, CT images of kidneys of 100 males of above 20 years of age were collected from scan center in Chennai. The length of renal artery was measured from the level of origin to the hilum and diameter was measured near the ostium and hilum of kidney. Also the variation in the level of origin of renal artery was observed. Measurements were compared between right and left side. Results: Mean length of main right renal artery was 3.73 ± 1,28cms and diameter near ostium and hilum was 0.63 ± 0.12cm and 0.55 ± 0.12cm respectively. Mean length of main left renal artery was 2.84 ± 1.18cm and diameter near ostium and hilum was 0.65 ± 0.98cm and 0.54 ± 0.11cm respectively. Majority of renal arteries arise at the level of LI on both side. ConclusionrThe most common level of origin of renal artery is at the level of LI vertebra on both sides. The average length of right renal artery is greater than left renal artery and the diameter of left renal artery is greater than right renal artery.

Published
2016
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34. Algorithms for cardiovascular disease prevention

Author

Sandeep Seth, S Ramakrishnan, Ambuj Roy, G Karthikeyan, Sunil K Verma, Balram Bhargava, and S K Maulik

Subjects
Algorithms, CAD, cardiovascular disease guidelines, India, prevention, Medicine, Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Prevention of coronary artery disease requires control of risk factors. It is not enough to take out guidelines, it is necessary to implement the guidelines. There are a number of studies which have shown that quite often guidelines are not followed.In this article, we have abstracted the essence of the guidelines into simple to follow algorithms so that they are easy to remember and also teach. For Cardiovascular risk reduction, general measures include stopping smoking, perform 150 minutes of moderate activity per week and take a low fat and low salt diet. For hypertension: All classes of drugs are suitable but generally (NICE 2011) Angiotensin receptor blockers or Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for young (55 years, many with isolated systolic hypertension) Calcium channel blockers, diuretics if needed , are prefered. Combinations are used if monotherapy does not work. For dyslipidemia: Statin benefit groups are defined and manifest coronary artery disease and Diabetics above 40 years should get high dose statins. Lipid levels are only tested to look for compliance or further intensification of regime. Diabetes: Metformin is the drug of choice, Sulfonylureas can be used in combination. Glyptins are also safe and can be used. Other drugs should be used with the help of the endocrinologist.

Published
2016
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35. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

Author

Maron D. J., Hochman J. S., Reynolds H. R., Bangalore S., O'Brien S. M., Boden W. E., Chaitman B. R., Senior R., Lopez-Sendon J., Alexander K. P., Lopes R. D., Shaw L. J., Berger J. S., Newman J. D., Sidhu M. S., Goodman S. G., Ruzyllo W., Gosselin G., Maggioni A. P., White H. D., Bhargava B., Min J. K., John Mancini G. B., Berman D. S., Picard M. H., Kwong R. Y., Ali Z. A., Mark D. B., Spertus J. A., Krishnan M. N., Elghamaz A., Moorthy N., Hueb W. A., Demkow M., Mavromatis K., Bockeria O., Peteiro J., Miller T. D., Szwed H., Doerr R., Keltai M., Selvanayagam J. B., Gabriel Steg P., Held C., Kohsaka S., Mavromichalis S., Kirby R., Jeffries N. O., Harrell F. E., Rockhold F. W., Broderick S., Bruce Ferguson T., Williams D. O., Harrington R. A., Stone G. W., Rosenberg Y, ISCHEMIA Research Group: Joseph Ricci, A Tello Montoliu, A I Robero Aniorte, Abbey Mulder, Abhay A Laddu, Abhinav Goyal, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Abraham Oomman, Adam J Jaskowiak, Adam Kolodziej, Adam Witkowski, Adnan Hameed, Adriana Anesini, Afshan Hussain, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnes Jakal, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmad Khairuddin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Adel, Ahmed Aljzeeri, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Aimee Mann, Aira Contreras, Ajit Kumar, V K Kumar, Akemi Furukawa, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Furber, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Alan Rosen, Albert Varga, Albertina Qelaj, Alberto Barioli, Aldo Russo, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alena Kuleshova, Alessandro Sionis, Alexander A Sirker, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Vazquez, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre S Colafranseschi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre Tognon, Ali Alghamdi, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Nogueira Rabaça, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Alison Hallam, Allegra Stone, Allison Schley, Almudena Castro, Alvaro Rabelo Ales, Amanda Germann, Amanda O'Malley, Amar Uxa, Amarachi Ojajuni, Amarino C Oliveira Jr, Amber B Hull, Ambuj Roy, Amer Zarka, Amir Janmohamed, Ammani Brown, Ammy Malinay, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Amy J Richards, Amy Iskandrian, Amy Ollinger, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Fernández Martínez, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Paula Batista, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anam Siddiqui, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Andras Vertes, Andre S Sousa, Andre Gabriel, André Schmidt, Andrea M Lundeen, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Mortara, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew G Howarth, Andrew J Moriarty, Andrew Docherty, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrew Zurick, Andrzej Łabyk, Andrzej Swiatkowski, Andy Lam, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angela Kim, Angelique Smit, Angelo Nobre, Anil V Shah, Anja Ljubez, Anjali Anand, Ankush Sachdeva, Ann Greenberg, Ann Luyten, Ann Ostrander, Anna Di Donato, Anna Cichocka-Radwan, Anna Fojt, Anna Plachcinska, Anna Proietti, Anna Teresinska, Anne Marie Webb, Anne Cartwright, Anne Heath, Anne Mackin, Anong Amaritakomol, Anong Chaiyasri, Anoop Chauhan, Anoop Mathew, Anthony Gemignani, Anto Luigi Andres, Antonia Vega, Antonietta Hansen, Antonino Ginel Iglesias, Antonio Carlos Carvalho, Antonio Di Chiara, Antonio Serra Peñaranda, Antonio Carvalho, Antonio Colombo, Antonio Fiarresga, Anupama Rao, Aquiles Valdespino-Estrada, Araceli Boan, Areef Ishani, Ariel Diaz, Arijit Ghosh, Arintaya Prommintikul, Arline Roberts, Arnold H Seto, Arnold P Good, Arshed Quyyumi, Arthur J Labovitz, Arthur Kerner, Arturo S Campos-Santaolalla, Arunima Misra, Ashok Mukherjee, Ashok Seth, Ashraf Seedhom, Asim N Cheema, Asker Ahmed, Atul Mathur, Atul Verma, Audrey W Leong, Axel Åkerblom, Axelle Fuentes, Aynun Naher, Badhma Valaiyapathi, Baljeet Kaur, Bandula Guruge, Barbara Brzezińska, Barbara Nardi, Bartosz Czarniak, Bebek Singh, Begoña Igual, Bela Merkely, Belen Cid Alvarez, Benjamin J Spooner, Benjamin J W Chow, Benjamin Cheong, Benoy N Shah, Bernard de Bruyne, Bernardas Valecka, Bernhard Jäger, Beth A Archer, Beth Abramson, Beth Jorgenson, Bethany Harvey, Betsy O'Neal, Bev Atkinson, Bev Bozek, Bevin Lang, Bijulal Sasidharan, Bin Yang, Bin Zhang, Binoy Mannekkattukudy Kurian, Bjoern Goebel, Bob Hu, Bogdan A Popescu, Bogdan Crnokrak, Bolin Zhu, Bonnie J Kirby, Brandi D Zimbelman, Brandy Starks, Branko D Beleslin, Brenda Hart, Brian P Shapiro, Brian McCandless, Brianna Wisniewski, Brigham R Smith, Brooks Mirrer, Bruce McManus, Bruce Rutkin, Bruna Edilena Paulino, Bruna Maria Ascoli, Bryn Smith, Byron J Allen, C Michael Gibson, C Noel Bairey Merz, Calin Pop, Cameron Hague, Camila Thais de Ormundo, Candace Gopaul, Candice P Edillo, Carísi A Polanczyk, Carita Krannila, Carla Vicente, Carl-Éric Gagné, Carlo Briguori, Carlos Peña Gil, Carlos Alvarez, Carly Ohmart, Carmen C Beladan, Carmen Ginghina, Carol M Kartje, Caroline Alsweiler, Caroline Brown, Caroline Callison, Caroline Pinheiro, Caroline Rodgers, Caroline Spindler, Carolyn Corbett, Carrie Drum, Casey Riedberger, Catherine Bone, Catherine Fleming, Catherine Gordon, Catherine Jahrsdorfer, Catherine Lemay, Catherine Weick, Cathrine Patten, Cecilia Goletto, Cezary Kepka, Chandini Suvarna, Chang Xu, Chantale Mercure, Charle A Viljoen, Charlene Wiyarand, Charles Jia-Yin Hou, Charles Y Lui, Charles Cannan, Charles Cornet, Charlotte Pirro, Chataroon Rimsukcharoenchai, Chen Wang, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Chen-Yen Chien, Cheryl A Allardyce, Chester M Hedgepeth, Chetan Patel, Chiara Attanasio, Chih-Hsuan Yen, Chi-Ming Chow, Ching Min Er, Ching-Ching Ong, Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath, Chris Beck, Chris Buller, Christel Vassaliere, Christian Hamm, Christiano Caldeira, Christie Ballantyne, Christina Björklund, Christine R Hinton, Christine Bergeron, Christine Masson, Christine Roraff, Christine Shelley, Christophe Laure, Christophe Thuaire, Christopher Kinsey, Christopher McFarren, Christopher Spizzieri, Christopher Travill, Chun-Chieh Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Chunguang Li, Chun-Ho Yun, Chunli Xia, Ciarra Heard, Cidney Schultz, Clare Venn-Edmonds, Claudia P Hochberg, Claudia Wegmayr, Claudia Cortés, Claudia Escobar, Cláudia Freixo, Claudio T Mesquita, Clemens T Kadalie, Colin Berry, Constance Philander, Corine Thobois, Costantino Costantini, Courtney Page, Craig Atkinson, Craig Barr, Craig Paterson, Cristina Bare, Cynthia Baumann, Cynthia Burman, Dalisa Espinosa, Damien Collison, Dan Deleanu, Dan Elian, Dan Gao, Dana Oliver, Daniel P Vezina, Daniel O'Rourke, Daniele Komar, Danielle Schade, Darrel P Francis, Dastan Malaev, David A Bull, David E Winchester, David P Faxon, David Booth, David Cohen, David DeMets, David Foo, David Schlichting, David Taggart, David Waters, David Wohns, Davis Vo, Dawid Teodorczyk, Dawn Shelstad, Dawn Turnbull, Dayuan Li, Dean Kereiakes, Deborah O'Neill, Deborah Yip, Debra K Johnson, Debra Dees, Deepak L Bhatt, Deepika Gopal, Deepti Kumar, Deirdre Mattina, Deirdre Murphy, Delano R Small, Delsa K Rose, Dengke Jiang, Denis Carl Phaneuf, Denise Braganza, Denise Fine, Derek Cyr, Desiree Tobin, Diana Cukali, Diana Parra, Diane Camara, Diane Minshall Liu, Diego Adrián Vences, Diego Franca de Cunha, Dimitrios Stournaras, Dipti Patel, Dongze Li, Donna Exley, Dorit Grahl, Dragana Stanojevic, Duarte Cacela, Dwayne S G Conway, E Pinar Bermudez, Eapen Punnoose, Edgar L Tay, Edgar Karanjah, Edoardo Verna, Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel, Edward D Nicol, Edward O McFalls, Edward T Martin, Edyta Kaczmarska, Ekaterina I Lubinskaya, Elena A Demchenko, Elena Refoyo Salicio, Eli Feen, Elihú Durán-Cortés, Elisabeth M Janzen, Elise L Hannemann, Elise van Dongen, Elissa Restelli Piloto, Eliza Kaplan, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeth Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth Congdon, Elizabeth Ferguson, Elizaveta V Zbyshevskaya, Ellen Magedanz, Ellie Fridell, Ellis W Lader, Elvin Kedhi, Emanuela Racca, Emilie Tachot, Emily DeRosa, Encarnación Alonso-Álvarez, Eric Nicollet, Eric Peterson, Erick Alexánderson Rosas, Erick Donato Morales, Erin Orvis, Ermina Moga, Estelle Montpetit, Estevao Figueiredo, Eugene Passamani, Eugenia Nikolsky, Eunice Yeoh, Evgeniy I Kretov, Ewa Szczerba, Ewelina Wojtala, Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro Silva, F Marin Ortuño, Fabio R Farias, Fabio Fimiani, Fabrizio Rolfo, Fa-Chang Yu, Fadi Hage, Fadi Matar, Fahim Haider Jafary, Fang Feng, Fang Liu, Fatima Ranjbaran, Fatima Rodriguez, Fausto J Pinto, Fauzia Rashid, Federica Ramani, Fei Wang, Fernanda Igansi, Filipa Silva, Filippo Ottani, Fiona Haines, Firas Al Solaiman, Flávia Egydio, Flavio Lyra, Florian Egger, Fran Farquharson, Frances Laube, Francesc Carreras Costa, Francesca de Micco, Francesca Bianchini, Francesca Pezzetta, Francesca Pietrucci, Francesco Orso, Francesco Pisano, Francis Burt, Francisca Patuleia Figueiras, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Francois Pierre Mongeon, Frans Van de Werf, Franziska Guenther, Fraser N Witherow, Fred Mohr, Frederico Dall'Orto, Fumiyuki Otsuka, G De La Morena, G Karthikeyan, Gabor Dekany, Gabor Kerecsen, Gabriel Galeote, Gabriel Grossmann, Gabriel Vorobiof, Gabriela Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela Guzman, Gabriela Zeballos, Gabriele Gabrielli, Gabriele Jakl-Kotauschek, Gail A Shammas, Gail Brandt, Gang Chen, Gary E Lane, Gary J Luckasen, Gautam Sharma, Gelmina Mikolaitiene, Gennie Yee, Georg Nickenig, George E Revtyak, George J Juang, Gerald Fletcher, Gerald Leonard, Gerard Patrick Devlin, Gerard Esposito, Gergely Ágoston, Gervasio Lamas, Geza Fontos, Ghada Mikhail, Gia Cobb, Gian Piero Perna, Gianpiero Leone, Giles Roditi, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Girish Mishra, Giuseppe Tarantini, Glenda Wong, Glenn S Hamroff, Glenn Rayos, Gong Cheng, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Goran Davidović, Goran Stankovic, Gordana Stevanovic, Grace Jingyan Wang, Grace M Young, Graceanne Wayser, Graciela Scaro, Graham S Hillis, Graham Wong, Grazyna Anna Szulczyk, Gregor Simonis, Gregory Kumkumian, Gretchen Ann Peichel, Grzegorz Gajos, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme G Rucatti, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillem Pons Lladó, Gunnar Frostfelt, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Gustavo Pucci, Hafidz Abd Hadi, Haibo Zhang, Haitao Wang, Halina Marciniak, Han Chen, Hanan Kerr, Hani Najm, Hanna Douglas, Hannah Phillips, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Haqeel Jamil, Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai, Harry Suryapranata, Hassan Reda, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Barrentine, Heather Golden, Heather Hurlburt, Heidi Wilson, Helen C Tucker, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hesong Zeng, Hicham Skali, Hilda Solomon, Hollie Horton, Holly Hetrick, Holly Little, Holly Park, Hongjie Chi, Hossam Mahrous, Howard A Levite, Hristo Pejkov, Huajun Li, Hugo Bloise-Adames, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hui-Min Zhang, Humayrah Hashim, Hung-I Yeh, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ihab Hamzeh, Ikraam Hassan, Ikuko Ueda, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Ilse Bouwhuis, Imran Arif, Ina Wenzelburger, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga H Robbins, Inga Soveri, Ingela Schnittger, Iqbal Karimullah, Ira M Dauber, Iram Rehman, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irni Yusnida, Isabel Estela Carvajal, Isabella C Palazzo, Isabelle Hogan, Isabelle Roy, Ishba Syed, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, J David Knight, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie M White, Jackie Chow, Jacob Udell, Jacqueline E Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline Fannon, Jacquelyn A Quin, Jacquelyn Do, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James H O'Keefe Jr, James J Jang, James Cha, James Harrison, James Hirsch, James Stafford, James Tatoulis, Jamie Rankin, Jan Henzel, Jan Orga, Jana Tancredi, Janaina Oliveira, Jane Burton, Jane Eckstein, Jane Marucci, Janet P Knight, Janet Blount, Janet Halliday, Janetta Kourzenkova, Janitha Raj, Jan-Malte Sinning, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jaroslaw Karwowski, Jason D Glover, Jason Loh Kwok, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Jassira Gomes, Jati Anumpa, Javier J Garcia, Javier Courtis, Jay Meisner, K Jayakumar, Jayne Scales, Jean E Denaro, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Ho, Jeanette K Stansborough, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeet Thambyrajah, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffery A Breall, Jeffrey A Kohn, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Blume, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Djokic, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jenne Manchery, Jennifer A Mull, Jennifer H Czerniak, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Gillis, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Langdon, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jeremy Rautureau, Jerome Fleg, Jessica Berg, Jessica Rodriguez, Jessica Waldron, Jhina Patro, Jia Li, Jiajia Mao, Jiamin Liu, Jian'an Wang, Jianhua Li, Jianxin Zhang, Jie Qi, Jihyun Lyo, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Jing-Yao Fan, Jiun-Yi Li, Jiwan Pradhan, Jiyan Chen, J M Rivera Caravaca, Jo Evans, Joan Garcia Picart, Joan Hecht, Joanna Jaroch, Joanna Zalewska, Joanne Kelly, Joanne Taaffe, João Reynaldo Abbud, João V Vitola, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Jocelyne Benatar, Jody Bindeman, Joe Sabik, Joel Klitch, Johann Christopher, Johannes Aspberg, John D Friedman, John F Beltrame, John F Heitner, John Joseph Graham, John R Davies, John Doan, John Kotter, John Kurian, John Mukai, John Pownall, Jolanta Sobolewska, Jon Kobashigawa, Jonathan L Goldberg, Jonathan W Bazeley, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Leipsic, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge F Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge Escobedo, Jorik Timmer, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Jose D Salas, Jose Enrique Castillo, Jose Francisco Saraiva, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Ramon Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laurel Kolakaluri, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Phillips, Lazar Velicki, Leah Howell, Leandro C Maranan, Leanne Cox, Ledjalem Daba, Lei Zhang, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Leszek Sokalski, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lia Nijmeijer, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilia Schiavi, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Lillian L Khor, Lina Felix-Stern, Linda L Hall, Linda M Hollenweger, Linda Arcand, Linda Davidson-Ray, Linda Schwarz, Lindsey N Sikora, Lingping Chi, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Chaytor, Lisa Hatch, Lisa McCloy, Lisa Wong, Liselotte Persson, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Ljiljana Pupic, Loïc Bière, Lorenzo Monti, Lori Christensen, Lori Pritchard, Loriane Black, Lori-Ann Desimone, Lori-Ann Larmand, Lorraine McGregor, Louise Morby, Louise Thomson, Luc Harvey, Luciana de Pádua Baptista, Lucilla Garcia, Ludivine Eliahou, Ludmila Helmer, Luis F Smidt, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C 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Jr, Matthew Budoff, Matthew Jezior, Matthew Luckie, Matthias Friedrich, Mauren P Haeffner, Maximilian Tscharre, Max-Paul Winter, Mayana Almeida, Mayil S Krishnam, Mayuri Patel, Meenakshi Mishra, Megan Manocchia, Meghana Kakade, Melanie J Munro, Melissa D Chaplin, Melissa LeFevre, Mervyn Andiapen, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael C Turner, Michael D Shapiro, Michael W Lee, Michael Berlowitz, Michael Davidson, Michael Mack, Michael McDaniel, Michael Mumma, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michel S Slama, Michele Rawlins, Michelle M Bonner, Michelle M Seib, Michelle Chang, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Dixon, Michelle Mayon, Michelle McEvoy, Michelle Yee, Miguel M Fernandes, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Souto Bayarri, Miguel Barrero, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milan Dobric, Milica Nikola Dekleva, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Millie Gomez, Min Tun Kyaw, Miriam Brooks, Miroslav Stevo Martinovic, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohammad Tariq Vakani, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Al-Amoodi, 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Riezebos, Robert M Donnino, Robert Bojar, Robert Chilton, Robert Guyton, Robert Henderson, Robert Kornberg, Robert Leber, Robert Mao, Robert Stenberg, Roberta P Santos, Roberto René Favaloro, Roberto Amati, Rodolfo G S D Lima, Rodrigo J Cerci, Rogerio Tumelero, Rohit Tandon, Roma Tewari, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, Ron Wald, Ronald A Mastouri, Ronald G Morford, Ronald G Schwartz, Ronald P Pedalino, Rongrong Hu, Ronnell A Hansen, Ronny A Cohen, Rory Hachamovitch, Rosa Homem, Rosa Sandonato, Rosane Laimer, Rosann Gans, Roxanne Yost, Roy Mathew, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rubine Gevorgyan, Rui Ferreira, Rui Jing, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S K Dwivedi, S Ramakrishnan, Saadat Khan, Sabahat Bokhari, Sabu Thomas, Sadath Lubna, Sajeeda Parveen Khan, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Saket Girotra, Saleem Kassam, Sallie Canada, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Samaa Mohamed, Samantha Ly, Sameh El Kaffas, Samia Massalha, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandra M 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Hachamovitch, Rosa Homem, Rosa Sandonato, Rosane Laimer, Rosann Gans, Roxanne Yost, Roy Mathew, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rubine Gevorgyan, Rui Ferreira, Rui Jing, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S K Dwivedi, S Ramakrishnan, Saadat Khan, Sabahat Bokhari, Sabu Thomas, Sadath Lubna, Sajeeda Parveen Khan, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Saket Girotra, Saleem Kassam, Sallie Canada, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Samaa Mohamed, Samantha Ly, Sameh El Kaffas, Samia Massalha, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandra M Rivest, Sandra S Zier, Sandra Ahoud, Sandy Carr, Sanjay Ganapathi, Sanjay Shetty, Sanjeev Sharma, Santa Jimenez, Santhosh Satheesh, Santiago A Garcia, Sara Fernandez, Sara Karlsson, Sara Salkind, Sara Temiyasathit, Sarah Medina Rodriguez, Sarah Beaudry, Sarah Hadjih, Sarah Williams, Sarah Zahrani, Sarju Ralhan, Sasa Hinic, Sasko Kedev, Satinder Singh, Satoshi Yasuda, Satvic Cholenahally Manjunath, Sau Lee, Scott M Kaczkowski, Scott Kinlay, Sean W Hayes, Sebastian Sobczak, Senait Asier, Sergey A Sayganov, Seth I Sokol, Shaheen Pandie, Shaiful Azmi Yahaya, Shamir Mehta, Shao-Ping Nie, Sharad Chandra, Sharder Islam, Sharon Tai, Sheetal Rupesh Karwa, Sheri Ussery, Sheromani Bajaj, Sherron C Crook, Shigeyuki Nishimura, Shintaro Nakano, Shirin Heydari, Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Shivali Patel, Shobana Ganesan, Shruti Pandey, Shuyang Zhang, Shweta Hande, Siddharth Gadage, Sik-Yin V Tan, Silvia Zottis Poletti, Silvia Riera, Silvia Valbuena, Simon Walsh, Simona Maspoli, Simone Savaris, Si-Ting Feng, So Yang Cho, Solomon Yakubov, Songlin Zhu, Songtao Wang, Sonia Guerrero, Sonika Gupta, Sonja Salinger Martinovic, Sonya Brons, Sorin Brener, Sothinathan Gurunathan, Souheil Saba, Soundarya Nayak, Sowjanya Reddy, Srinivasa Potluri, Sriram Sudarshan, Srun Kuanprasert, Stacie Van Oosterhout, Stamatios Lerakis, Stanley E Cobos, Stefan C Bertog, Stefan M Simović, Stefan Weikl, Stefano Di Marco, Stefano Provasoli, Stephanie A Tirado, Stephanie C Boer, Stephanie M Lane, Stephanie Ferket, Stephanie Kelly, Stephanie Wasmiller, Stephen H McKellar, Stephen P Hoole, Stephen Fremes, Stephen Preston, Steve Leung, Steven A Fein, Steven J Lindsay, Steven P Sedlis, Steven Giovannone, Steven Michael, Steven Weitz, Stijn van Vugt, Subhash Banerjee, Sudhir Naik, Suellen Hosino, Sukie Desire, Sukit Yamwong, Suku T Thambar, Sulagna Mookherjee, Suman Singh, Sundeep Mishra, Sunil Kumar Verma, Supap Kulthawong, Supatchara Khwakhong, Surendra Naik, Suresh Babu, Surin Woragidpoonpol, Suryaprakash Narayanappa, Susan Derbyshire, Susan Gent, Susan Mathus, Susan Milbrandt, Susan Moore, Susan Regan, Susan Stinson, Susan Webber, Susana Silva, Susanna Stevens, Susanne Gruensfelder, Suthara Aramcharoen, Suvarna Kolhe, Suzana Tavares, Suzanne Arnold, Suzanne Welsh, Svetlana Apostolovic, Swapna Kunhunny, Ta-Chuan Hung, Taissa Zappernick, Tali Sharir, Talita Silva, Tamara Colaiácovo Soares, Tapan Umesh Pillay, Tarun K Mittal, Tatiana Trifonova, Tauane Bello Duarte, Tauqir Huk, Téodora Dutoiu, Terrance Chua, Terry Weyand, Thabitha Charles, Theodoros Kofidis, Theresa McCreary, Thierry Lefevre, Thippeekaa Arumairajah, Thitipong Tepsuwan, Thomas J Mulhearn, Thomas M Meyer, Thomas P Rocco, Thomas R Downes, Thomas Crain, Thomas Haldis, Thomas Mathew, Thomas Redick, Thounaojam Indira Devi, Thuraia Nageh, Tia Cauthren, Tiago Silva, Tiffany Little, Tijana Andric, Tina Harding, Titus Lau, Tiziana Formisano, Tiziano Moccetti, Tomasz Ciurus, Tomasz Mazurek, Tomasz Tarchalski, Toshiyuki Nagai, Tri Tran, Tricia Youn, Trish Tucker, Trudie Milner, Tuhina Bose, Tushar Kotecha, Udo Sechtem, Uma S Valeti, Umberto Cucchini, Umesh Badami, Upendra Kaul, V K Bahl, V S Narain, Valentina Casali, Valeria Godoy, Valerie Robesyn, Vamshi P Priya, Vandana Yadav, Vera McKinney, Veronica De Lenges, Veronica Tinnirello, Vicente Miro, Victor Navarro, Victoria Gumerova, Victoria Hernandez, Vidya Seeratan, Vijay Kumar, Vikentiy Y Kozulin, Viktoria Bulkley, Vilmar Veiga Jr, Vincent Setang, C P Vineeth, Virginai Pubull Nuñez, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vitor Gomes, Viviana Gabriel, Viviane Dos Santos, Viviane Almeida, Vlad A Iliescu, Vladan Mudrenovic, Vladimir Dzavik, Vojislav L Giga, Walter Enrique Mogrovejo, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Warangkana Mekara, Wassim Nona, Wayne Old, Wayne Pennachi, Weerachai Nawarawong, Wei Chen, Wei Su, Weibing Xing, Wei-Ren Lan, Wenda Crawford, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Wenhua Lin, William B Abernethy, William D Salerno, William F Fearon, William Vergoni, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Wlodzimierz J Musial, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xi Su, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiao Wang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaowei Yao, Xin Fu, Xin Su, Xin Zeng, Xinchun Yang, Xiuhong Li, Xuehua Fang, Xutong Wang, Yaming Geng, Yan Yan, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yanfu Wang, Yang Wang, Yanmeng Tian, Yaping Huang, Yechen Han, Yesenia Zambrano, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Ying Tung Sia, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yongjian Wu, Yu Kunwu, Yu Zhao, Yudong Peng, Yueh-Hung Lin, Yulan Zhao, Yumei Dong, Yunhai Zhao, Yutthaphan Wannasopha, Yvonne Taul, Zakir Sahul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zbigniew Kalarus, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhen Huang, Zheng Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhou Yue, Zhulin Zhang, Zhuxi Li, Zile Singh Meharwal, Ziliang Bai, Zixiang Yu, Zohra Huda, Zoltan Davidovits

Subjects
Male, Cardiac Catheterization, Computed Tomography Angiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, ISCHEMIA Research Group, law.invention, Angina, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Revascularization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiac catheterization, General Medicine, Middle Aged, humanities, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischemia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Geriatric cardiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angina, Unstable, Aged, business.industry, Coronary Artery Bypa, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Heart failure, Quality of Life, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).

Published
2020
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36. PREDICTION OF THERMAL PROPERTIES OF R-GLASS/EPOXY LAMINATES FOR TEMPERATURE VARIATION.

Author

P., MARISELVAM, T., VELMURUGAN, and G., KARTHIKEYAN

Subjects
THERMAL properties, LAMINATED materials, ELASTICITY, THERMAL expansion, TEMPERATURE
Abstract

This paper focuses on the thermal properties of R-Glass/Epoxy laminate in response to temperature variations. The elastic properties and coefficient of thermal expansion in the material's principal direction were measured across the temperature range from room temperature to the cure temperature. These properties were then characterized as functions of temperature. Using the characterized properties and the principles of classical lamination theory, a method was proposed to predict the changes in the coefficient of thermal expansion for a general laminate subjected to temperature variations. The measured values of the coefficient of thermal expansion for laminates with varying angle plies were compared with the predicted values. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately predicts the changes in the coefficient of thermal expansion for a general laminate under temperature variations. Additionally, an analytical formulation was proposed and validated to predict the changes in the coefficient of thermal expansion for R-Glass/Epoxy laminates subjected to temperature variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

37. Effect of okra plant resistance on transmission rate of okra enation leaf curl virus by its vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

Author

G Karthikeyan, M Murugan, S. Harish, Pasupathi E, C Chinniah, and J Ramalingam

Subjects
General Immunology and Microbiology, Host (biology), Inoculation, food and beverages, Whitefly, Biology, biology.organism_classification, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, law.invention, Horticulture, Transmission (mechanics), law, Germination, Plant virus, Vector (epidemiology), General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of age of the okra plants that showed varying whitefly resistance responses on the transmission rate of okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCV) by its vector whitefly Bemisia tabaci. The OELCV infected whitefly adults were collected from whitefly colonies and were challenged on the test okra accessions (Upl mona 2, Co 1, Arka anamika and AE 64) of differential ages which were individually caged (7, 10 and 15 d after germination) with glass chimney and the number of such whiteflies used were at the rate of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 20 adults per plant. Observations were made on the virus symptom expression 30 d after challenge. The efficiency of transmission was determined. The efficiency of transmission of OELCV was the highest (maximum T and P*, 0.80, 1.00 and 0.08, 0.10) when 7 d old seedlings were inoculated (Arka anamika and AE 64 respectively) and transmission had decreased as the age of seedlings increased. The estimated transmission rate for single whitefly (P*) increased with an increase in the number of whiteflies used per plant. Okra plant resistance to B. tabaci significantly changed the transmission rates of OELCV on okra. Understanding the resistance mechanisms of the okra accessions and interactions between plant viruses and their insect host can pave the way for novel approaches to protect plants from virus infection.

Published
2021
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38. Parallel power extraction technique for maximizing the output of solar PV array

Author

D. Prince Winston, S. Nithish, M. Pravin, A.G. Akash, O. JebaSingh, G. Karthikeyan, and S. Kabilan

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Computer science, business.industry, 020209 energy, Photovoltaic system, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Solar energy, Mismatch loss, Power (physics), Phase-locked loop, Electricity generation, Installation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, General Materials Science, Shading, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Solar energy is one of the clean energy sources which does not causes any pollution to the environment. The photovoltaic system will play a vital role in the world’s power production for the energy demand in future. Partial shading is a major concern have to be considered while installing the PV system. The effect of shaded panel will affect the performance of the non-shaded PV modules that leads to the mismatch losses. This work proposes a new technique to overcome the partial shading effect and also to enhance the total power generation from the PV array. The mismatch losses in the PV system is nullified in the proposed technique, by operating each row of the PV array with even current generation by extracting mismatch power from each row. The proposed technique is experimented in the 3 × 3 Total Cross Tied (TCT) PV array with nine numbers of 10 W PV modules. The experimental setup has been validated under the all possible shading patterns which shows that, the proposed technique nullifies the mismatch losses and also the performance has been compared with the other existing methods. The Percentage Power Loss (PLL) is greatly reduced in the proposed technique. The comparative analysis has been presented for eight shading patterns in the result and discussion in terms of Mismatch Loss (ML), Percentage of Power Loss (PPL) and Fill Factor (FF).

Published
2021
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39. Cryptosporidium Soil Extraction by Filtration/IMS/FA Compatible with USEPA Method 1623.1

Author

Zachariah P. Zopp, Jeremy M. Olstadt, K. G. Karthikeyan, Anita M. Thompson, and Sharon C. Long

Subjects
Agriculture, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

a parasitic pathogen, when present in drinking water supplies poses a significant risk to human health. The soil environment provides a critical linkage between parent material (bovine manure) and the surface and groundwaters used by susceptible human populations for drinking water. The lack of a USEPA published analysis for the determination of in soil is a barrier to standardized investigation of transport in soils. Methodologies have been published in the absence of a USEPA analysis, yet they lack sufficient detail and quality controls to be generally applicable. This study developed and evaluated a soil extraction method capable of producing an extracted fluid containing that could be purified and enumerated using USEPA Method 1623.1.

Published
2016
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40. A Walk with Lu-177 PSMA: How Close we Have Reached from Bench to Bedside?

Author

Vineet Talwar, G Karthikeyan, Pallabee Choudhury, Venkata Pradeep Babu Koyyala, Parveen Jain, Manish Sharma, Amitabh Singh, Sudhir Rawal, and Manoj Gupta

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative treatment, Disease, Lutetium, Translational Research, Biomedical, Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring, 03 medical and health sciences, Prostate cancer, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Membrane antigen, Radioisotopes, business.industry, Standard treatment, Sequela, Dipeptides, General Medicine, Prostate-Specific Antigen, medicine.disease, Bench to bedside, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Radiopharmaceuticals, business
Abstract

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a natural sequela in advanced prostate cancer following resistance to standard treatment regimes, where patients develop with rising PSA, bone pains, and high disease volume. Further palliative treatment is the need of the hour for ensuring disease control and quality of life. In recent times, many novel methods have been evolved for these patients. Endo-radioligand therapy with Lutetium 177 prostate-specific membrane antigen 617 (Lu-177 PSMA) based on the Theranostic concept has emerged as a promising tool among these. We present here the current status of Lu177-PSMA for mCRPC patient and future directions.

Published
2020
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41. Socio-medical perspectives on leprosy in Indian religions

Author

G Karthikeyan, P. S. Sundar Rao, and M Solomon Raju

Subjects
Religion in India, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Stigma (botany), Indian culture, Stigma reduction, medicine.disease, Hygiene, Key informants, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Leprosy, Social science, business, General Environmental Science, media_common
Abstract

Religion plays an important role in Indian culture, and greatly influences thinking and behavior around issues of hygiene and health. This study explored the religious texts of six major religions in India, and interviewed key informants, in order to identify religious precepts and proscriptions that may underlie current levels of stigma and social restrictions placed on people affected by leprosy. The study found a historical basis for leprosy stigma in the scriptures of all six religions. Attitudes are changing, especially with the acceptance of modern treatment. It is essential to incorporate stigma reduction perspectives in religious preaching.

Published
2020
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42. An investigation into performance of electric discharge milling using slotted tools

Author

G. Karthikeyan, S. A. Mullya, and V. S. Ganachari

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Materials science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, Computational fluid dynamics, Rotation, Debris, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Electrical discharge machining, 0203 mechanical engineering, Machining, Mechanics of Materials, medicine, Flushing, Electric discharge, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

The flushing of by-products from the interelectrode gap (EG) of a few microns is the major concern in the electrical discharge machining (EDM). The inadequate removal of debris from the gap causes short-circuits and reduces machining efficiency. Researchers have explored different techniques to enhance debris flushing from the gap. In electrical discharge milling (ED milling), the rotation of the tool along with linear travel is the major driving force for the debris flushing. In this paper, the application of an improvised tool to enhance rotation induced debris flushing is proposed. The flow-fields of dielectric and debris were modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The simulations results were utilized to optimize the tool geometries. A comparative study of the cylindrical and improvised tool in terms of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface finish was calculated. Relative to conventional cylindrical tools, the improvised tool enhanced the MRR by 150 %.

Published
2020
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43. BARRIERS TO LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH: A STUDY AMONG RESEARCH SCHOLARS

Author

K. S. Sivakumaren, S. Swaminathan, B. Jeyaprakash, and G. Karthikeyan

Subjects
Barriers to Research, Library Science, Information Science, Research in LIS, LIS Professionals, Research Scholars, NET/SET., Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract

The study examines the barriers related to Library and Information Science. A structured questionnaire was designed and directly administered to the LIS Research Scholars who are currently involved in the Research in the Universities/Colleges of Tamil Nadu (India). A total of 124 questionnaires were distributed and 109 respondents have replied. The majority of common barriers faced by the respondents are ‘High Expenditure’, ‘Lack of Statistical Skills’, and ‘Inadequate of infrastructures’ and ‘Poor response in data collection’. The study is also recommended that the Universities/Colleges offered the research programmes should consider to reduce the expenditure in terms of fee structures for the research and also the schools/departments which offer the research programme should redesign the syllabus to include the skills required to carry out the research. Further, it is emphasized that the LIS professionals should encourage and support the research scholars by means of providing the required data for the research.

Published
2011

44. BARREIRAS À PESQUISA EM BIBLIOTECONOMIA E CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO ENTRE BOLSISTAS DE PESQUISA

Author

K. S. Sivakumaren, S. Swaminathan, B. Jeyaprakash, and G. Karthikeyan

Subjects
Barreiras à Pesquisa, Biblioteconomia, Ciência da Informação, Pesquisa em Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, Profissionais da Informação, Bolsistas de Pesquisa, NET/SET., Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract

Este artigo analisa as barreiras relacionadas ao campo científico da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação (BCI). Um questionário estruturado foi elaborado e aplicado diretamente aos bolsistas de pesquisa da área de BCI, e que estão atualmente desenvolvendo pesquisas nas universidades/faculdades de Tamil Nadu (Índia). Um total de 124 questionários foi distribuído entre os pesquisadores e obteve-se o retorno de 109 respondentes. A maioria dos obstáculos enfrentados pelos entrevistados refere-se a ‘gastos excessivos’, ‘falta de conhecimento estatístico’, ‘infraestrutura inadequada’ e ‘má qualidade das respostas obtidas na coleta de dados’. Recomenda-se que as universidades/faculdades que oferecem programas de investigação devem considerar a redução de gastos, no que tange a estrutura de custos para o desenvolvimento de pesquisa e, também, as escolas/departamentos e seu corpo docente que oferecem programas de investigação devem redesenhar o conteúdo programático, a fim de incluir os conhecimentos necessários para se executar uma pesquisa. Além disso, enfatiza-se que os profissionais de BCI devem estimular e dar apoio aos bolsistas de pesquisa, provendo-lhes os dados indispensáveis à pesquisa.

Published
2011

45. Degloving injuries of the hand

Author

R Krishnamoorthy and G Karthikeyan

Subjects
Degloving injury, flap, hand surgery, hand injury, reconstruction, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Avulsion of skin from the hand or fingers is an injury that has a dramatic presentation. The entire musculo-skeletal unit of the finger is intact, and the patient can often move the parts of his naked hand quite normally. The challenge for the reconstructive surgeon lies in resurfacing the hand or finger with a good quality pliable sensate skin cover while preserving the movements and function of the hand. Traditionally, skin grafting has been the standard method of reconstruction in such injuries. However, skin grafting does have many disadvantages, too. This article deals with the features of such injuries, management protocols and other reconstructive options available in the armamentarium of the hand surgeon.

Published
2011
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46. Adsorption of Cr(VI) onto Activated Carbons Prepared from Indigenous Materials

Author

G. Karthikeyan and S. Siva Ilango

Subjects
Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The adsorption of chromium(VI) on activated carbons prepared from low cost materials has been studied by batch process. The influences of various parameters like contact time, dosage, pH, pHzpc and co-ions were experimentally verified. The adsorption of Cr(VI) is maximum at strongly acidic medium (pH 3). Adsorption is explained using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with help of chi-square analysis. Thermodynamic parameters like ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to understand the nature of adsorption. The surface morphology of the three activated carbons before and after metal sorption was verified using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction studies (XRD).

Published
2008
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47. Fall Tillage Reduced Nutrient Loads from Liquid Manure Application during the Freezing Season

Author

Francisco J. Arriaga, Laura Ward Good, Krishnapuram G. Karthikeyan, Zachariah P. Zopp, Melanie N. Stock, Peter A. Vadas, Michael D. Casler, and American Society of Agronomy, Inc.

Subjects
freezing season, Environmental Engineering, Liquid manure, Growing season, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Wisconsin, Nutrient, nutrient loads, Freezing, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Plant Sciences, fall tillage, Life Sciences, Agriculture, Phosphorus, Nutrients, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, Manure, Tillage, Infiltration (hydrology), Agronomy, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Seasons, Surface runoff, liquid manure application
Abstract

Reducing agricultural runoff is important year round, particularly on landscapes that receive wintertime applications of manure. No-tillage systems are typically associated with reduced runoff loads during the growing season, but surface roughness from fall tillage may aid infiltration on frozen soils by providing surface depressional storage. The timing of winter manure applications may also affect runoff, depending on snow and soil frost conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate runoff and nutrient loads during the freezing season from combinations of tillage and manure application timings. Six management treatments were tested in south-central Wisconsin during the winters of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 with a complete factorial design: two tillage treatments (fall chisel plow vs. no-tillage) and three manure application timings (early December, late January, and unmanured). Nutrient loads from winter manure application were lower on chisel-plowed versus untilled soils during both monitoring years. Loads were also lower from manure applied to soils with less frost development. Wintertime manure applications pose a risk of surface nutrient losses, but fall tillage and timing applications to thawed soils can help reduce loads.

Published
2019
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48. Quantity and quality of water percolating below the root zone of three biofuel feedstock crop systems

Author

Ryan S. Stenjem, Anthony D. Kendall, Anita M. Thompson, Brian J. Lepore, Krishnapuram G. Karthikeyan, and David W. Hyndman

Subjects
Phosphorus, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Manure, 020801 environmental engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, Nitrate, chemistry, Agronomy, Lysimeter, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Subsurface flow, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water content, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Biofuel demand is on the rise, yet there is limited information available about the likely implications of increased planting of cellulosic biofuel crops on water and nutrient fluxes. To help address this gap, this study quantifies subsurface water, nitrate, and dissolved phosphorus fluxes below feedstock crops managed for biofuel production on naturally well drained soils in southern Wisconsin. Automated equilibrium tension lysimeters were used to measure subsurface (below root zone) fluxes of water and nutrients below continuous corn (CC), monoculture switchgrass (SG), and hybrid poplar (HP) cropping systems for three years. Average water fluxes below SG were nearly double those below CC and HP. Most of this difference can be linked to seasonal events, particularly during late winter and early spring when subsurface water fluxes and increased soil moisture were observed below SG plots, likely due to enhanced macropore flow. Nitrate fluxes were approximately 14 times higher below CC than the 37.4 kg NO3-N/ha three year annual average observed for SG; the nitrate fluxes were negligible below HP despite similar nitrogen application rates. The high flux in one of the two CC plots is likely due to excessive manure applications prior to the study period; however, the nitrate loss potential from CC is much higher than the perennial crops. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations were very low below all three cropping systems (average of 0.076, 0.083, 0.034 mg/L in SG, CC, and HP respectively). For the cropping systems evaluated, nitrate fluxes were driven by concentration differences in leachate and not influenced by nominal differences in N fertilizer inputs, whereas DRP fluxes were mainly driven by water fluxes and therefore independent of phosphorus inputs and soil test phosphorus. The data in this paper provide a foundation to better understand differences in fluxes below different biofuel cropping systems.

Published
2019
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49. Dynamics of Measured and Simulated Dissolved Phosphorus in Runoff from Winter‐Applied Dairy Manure

Author

Krishnapuram G. Karthikeyan, Laura Ward Good, Peter A. Vadas, Francisco J. Arriaga, Melanie N. Stock, and Zachariah P. Zopp

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Rain, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Water Movements, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, Agriculture, Phosphorus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Snow, Pollution, Manure, Runoff model, Tillage, Snowmelt, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Water quality, Surface runoff
Abstract

Agricultural P loss from fields is an issue due to water quality degradation. Better information is needed on the P loss in runoff from dairy manure applied in winter and the ability to reliably simulate P loss by computer models. We monitored P in runoff during two winters from chisel-tilled and no-till field plots that had liquid dairy manure applied in December or January. Runoff total P was dominated by nondissolved forms when soils were bare and unfrozen. Runoff from snow-covered, frozen soils had much less sediment and sediment-related P, and much more dissolved P. Transport of manure solids was greatest when manure was applied on top of snow and runoff shortly after application was caused by snowmelt. Dissolved P concentrations in runoff were greater when manure was applied on top of snow because manure liquid remained in the snowpack and allowed more P to be available for loss. Dissolved runoff P also increased as the amount of rain or snowmelt that became runoff (runoff ratio) increased. The SurPhos manure P runoff model reliably simulated these processes to provide realistic predictions of dissolved P in runoff from surface manure. Overall, for liquid dairy manure applied in winter, dissolved P concentrations in runoff can be decreased if manure is applied onto bare, unfrozen soil, or if runoff ratio can be reduced, perhaps through greater soil surface roughness from fall tillage. Both management approaches will allow more manure P to infiltrate into soil and less move in runoff. SurPhos is a tool that can reliably evaluate P loss for different management and policy scenarios for winter manure application.

Published
2019
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