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Abstract The Wannan black pig is a superior local breed in Anhui province, renowned for its exceptional meat quality and remarkable adaptability to various environmental conditions. Semen, being a crucial indicator of male sexual maturity and fertility, significantly influences the performance of breeding boars. The molecular basis for comprehending the fecundity of boars in practical production lies in understanding the disparities in sperm proteins among boars of varying ages. In this investigation, spermatozoa from three one-year-old and three seven-year-old Wannan black pigs were individually chosen. Employing a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics approach, a total of 4050 proteins were identified, out of which 130 proteins exhibited significant differences between the two groups. GO enrichment analysis revealed that these proteins primarily participated in energy metabolism, spermatogenesis, fertilization, and reproduction. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differential proteins predominantly resided within the ribosome pathway. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify core proteins such as Small ribosomal subunit protein uS7 (RPS5). Ultimately, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was conducted on the selected differential proteins to validate result accuracy. The findings of this study establish a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying variations in spermatozoa protein levels among Wannan Black Pig with different age.

Given the potent anti-inflammatory properties of the 1,2,3-triazole structure and the wide use of 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one in developing treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, a series of 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one derivatives were synthesized by introducing a 1,2,3-triazole moiety. Screening for anti-inflammatory activity in microglial cells revealed that compounds e2, e16, and e20 exhibited the most promising effects without significant cytotoxicity. These compounds effectively reduced LPS-induced NO production and significantly decreased the transcription levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, they downregulated the transcription and protein levels of the inflammation-related enzymes iNOS and COX-2 in response to LPS stimulation. To further investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of these derivatives in microglia, the intracellular ROS levels and the activation of the Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway were analyzed. The results indicated that the 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one derivatives significantly activated the Nrf2-HO-1 pathway, reduced LPS-induced ROS production, and alleviated microglial inflammation. Molecular docking studies suggested that compounds e2, e16, and e20 could interact with Nrf2-related binding sites, preventing its degradation by Keap1. Additionally, acute toxicity tests in mice demonstrated that compound e16 exhibited favorable safety.

Highlights Metal–organic frameworks-derived CoNiM@C (M = Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) microspheres were successfully fabricated with custom-built magnetic alloy-carbon heterogeneous interfaces. Flower-like CoNiMn@C microspheres achieve broadband electromagnetic wave absorption with effective absorption bandwidth of 5.8 GHz at only 2.0 mm thickness. Visual interface charge distribution and hierarchical magnetic coupling were observed to elucidate the electromagnetic energy absorption mechanism.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of circular non-coding RNAs that play essential roles in the intricate and dynamic networks governing cell growth, development, and apoptosis. Resveratrol (RSV), a non-flavonoid polyphenol, is known to participate in follicular development and ovulation. In our previous research, we established a model using porcine ovarian granulosa cells (POGCs) treated with resveratrol, which confirmed its regulatory effects on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) within these cells. However, the influence of resveratrol on circRNA expression has not been thoroughly investigated. To explore how resveratrol affects circRNA levels in POGCs, we designed an experiment with three groups: a control group (CON, n = 3, 0 μM RSV), a low-dose RSV group (LOW, n = 3, 50 μM RSV), and a high-dose RSV group (HIGH, n = 3, 100 μM RSV) for circRNA sequencing. We identified a total of 10,045 candidate circRNAs from POGCs treated with different concentrations of resveratrol (0, 50, and 100 μM). Differential expression analysis indicated that 96 circRNAs were significantly altered in the LOW vs. CON group, while 109 circRNAs showed significant changes in the HIGH vs. CON group. These circRNAs were notably enriched in biological processes associated with cell metabolism, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Functional enrichment analysis of the host genes revealed their involvement in critical signaling pathways, including mTOR, AMPK, and apoptosis pathways. Additionally, we identified potential miRNA sponge candidates among the differentially expressed circRNAs, particularly novel_circ_0012954 and novel_circ_0004762, which exhibited strong connectivity within miRNA-target networks. Our findings provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in the context of resveratrol-induced apoptosis in POGCs, highlighting their potential as innovative therapeutic targets in reproductive biology.

Field‐effect transistor‐based biosensors (FET biosensors) have gained significant attention in the context of the global SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic owing to their label free and highly sensitive detection capabilities. In this comprehensive review, recent advances in the use of electrochemical‐transistor‐based biosensors for the label‐free detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 are analyzed. A general introduction to the electrochemical‐transistor‐based biosensor system is initiated, highlighting its critical technical requirements. Various structural designs and working principles of transistor‐based transducers are described, and the essential aspects of interface engineering for improved sensing performance are summarized. The applications of transistor‐based biosensors for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 are discussed in detail. Finally, perspectives for the future development of transistor‐based sensing systems are provided. This review aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for the design and optimization of biochemical sensor systems with the potential to impact health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and biosafety in the field of in vitro diagnostic products.

Although VB-Group transition metal disulfides (TMDs) VS2 nanomaterials with specific electronic properties and multiphase microstructures have shown fascinating potential in the field of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, the efficient utilization of VS2 is limited by the technical bottleneck of its narrow effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) which is attributed to environmental instability and a deficient electromagnetic (EM) loss mechanism. In order to fully exploit the maximal utilization values of VS2 nanomaterials for EMW absorption through mitigating the chemical instability and optimizing the EM parameters, biomass-based glucose derived carbon (GDC) like sugar-coating has been decorated on the surface of stacked VS2 nanosheets via a facile hydrothermal method, followed by high-temperature carbonization. As a result, the modulation of doping amount of glucose injection solution (Glucose) could effectively manipulate the encapsulation degree of GDC coating on VS2 nanosheets, further implementing the EM response mechanisms of the VS2/GDC hybrids (coupling effect of conductive loss, interfacial polarization, relaxation, dipole polarization, defect engineering and multiple reflections and absorptions) through regulating the conductivity and constructing multi-interface heterostructures, as reflected by the enhanced EMW absorption performance to a great extent. The minimum reflection loss (Rmin) of VS2/GDC hybrids could reach −52.8 dB with a thickness of 2.7 mm at 12.2 GHz. Surprisingly, compared with pristine VS2, the EAB of the VS2/GDC hybrids increased from 2.0 to 5.7 GHz, while their environmental stability was effectively enhanced by virtue of GDC doping. Obviously, this work provides a promising candidate to realize frequency band tunability of EMW absorbers with exceptional performance and environmental stability.

This study explored how germination influences the starch digestion and intestinal fermentation characteristics of brown rice noodle. The study began with in vitro starch digestion tests to assess how germination affects starch digestibility in brown rice noodles, revealing an increase in rapidly digestible starch content and a decrease in resistant starch content. Subsequently, an in vitro human fecal fermentation model was used to simulate the human intestinal environment, showing that germination altered pH levels and the production of short-chain fatty acids, particularly by increasing propionate while decreasing acetate and butyrate. Additionally, the study noted a decrease in gut microbiota diversity following fermentation, accompanied by an increase in Megamonas growth and a decrease in Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. In conclusion, these findings suggest that germination could enhance the nutritional value and intestinal probiotic properties of brown rice noodles. This research contributes valuable insights into the role of germination in improving the nutritional properties of rice-based products and provides a foundation for further exploration into the development of health-promoting rice noodles.

Abstract Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) is increasingly exploited for the potential in cancer immunotherapy, yet its mechanism of activation remains not fully understood. Herein, we designed a novel STING agonist, designated as HB3089 that exhibits robust and durable anti-tumor activity in tumor models across various cancer types. Cryo-EM analysis reveals that HB3089-bound human STING has structural changes similar to that of the STING mutant V147L, a constitutively activated mutant identified in patients with STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). Both structures highlight the conformational changes of the transmembrane domain (TMD), but without the 180°-rotation of the ligand binding domain (LBD) previously shown to be required for STING activation. Further structure-based functional analysis confirmed a new STING activation mode shared by the agonist and the SAVI-related mutation, in which the connector linking the LBD and the TMD senses the activation signal and controls the conformational changes of the LBD and the TMD for STING activation. Together, our findings lead to a new working model for STING activation and open a new avenue for the rationale design of STING-targeted therapies either for cancer or autoimmune disorders.

Pubertal genetic variations between the indigenous Chinese Wanyue Black pig breed and the imported Yorkshire breed significantly impact their reproductive capacity. In order to identify the differentially expressed genes, gene networks, and metabolic pathways in ovary transcriptome of gilts, the serum hormone levels were analyzed by ELISA, and RNA-seq was performed to analyze ovarian genes. Our results reveal higher estradiol (E2) levels in Wanyue black gilts compared to Yorkshire gilts, while Yorkshire gilts exhibit elevated progesterone (P4) and GnRH levels. We identified a total of 154 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 87 up-regulated and 67 down-regulated genes in the Wanyue black gilts ovaries compared to the Yorkshire gilts. GO enrichment analysis unveiled the participation of DEGs in processes such as “Reproduction”, “Reproductive system development”, and “Ovarian follicle development”. Moreover, KEGG enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of DEGs in multiple signaling pathways associated with hormone biosynthesis and puberty, encompassing “Steroid hormone biosynthesis”, “Estrogen signaling pathway”, and “Prolactin signaling pathway”. The subsequent bioinformatics analysis identified nine functional genes that potentially contribute to the disparity in ovaries between Wanyue black gilts and Yorkshire gilts. This study offers significant insights into the endocrine and genetic aspects of pubertal development in gilts.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play a crucial role in the complex and dynamic network that regulates the apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells (POGCs). Resveratrol (RSV) is a nonflavonoid polyphenol compound that is involved in follicular development and ovulation. In previous study, we established a model of RSV treatment of POGCs, confirming the regulatory effect of RSV in POGCs. To investigate the miRNA-level effects of RSV on POGCs to reveal differentially expressed miRNAs, a control group (n = 3, 0 μM RSV group), a low RSV group (n = 3, 50 μM RSV group), and a high RSV group (n = 3, 100 μM RSV group) were created for small RNA-seq. In total, 113 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified, and a RT-qPCR analysis showed a correlation with the sequencing data. Functional annotation analysis revealed that DE-miRNAs in the LOW vs. CON group may be involved in cell development, proliferation, and apoptosis. In the HIGH vs. CON group, RSV functions were associated with metabolic processes and responses to stimuli, while the pathways were related to PI3K24, Akt, Wnt, and apoptosis. In addition, we constructed miRNA-mRNA networks related to Apoptosis and Metabolism. Then, ssc-miR-34a and ssc-miR-143-5p were selected as key miRNAs. In conclusion, this study provided an improved understanding of effects of RSV on POGCs apoptosis through the miRNA modulations. The results suggest that RSV may promote POGCs apoptosis by stimulating the miRNA expressions and provided a better understanding of the role of miRNAs combined with RSV in ovarian granulosa cell development in pigs.

Abstract With rapid development of 5G communication technologies, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding for electronic devices has become an urgent demand in recent years, where the development of corresponding EMI shielding materials against detrimental electromagnetic radiation plays an essential role. Meanwhile, the EMI shielding materials with high flexibility and functional integrity are highly demanded for emerging shielding applications. Hitherto, a variety of flexible EMI shielding materials with lightweight and multifunctionalities have been developed. In this review, we not only introduce the recent development of flexible EMI shielding materials, but also elaborate the EMI shielding mechanisms and the index for "green EMI shielding" performance. In addition, the construction strategies for sophisticated multifunctionalities of flexible shielding materials are summarized. Finally, we propose several possible research directions for flexible EMI shielding materials in near future, which could be inspirational to the fast-growing next-generation flexible electronic devices with reliable and multipurpose protections as offered by EMI shielding materials.

Flexible and wearable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material is one of the current research focuses in the field of EMI shielding. In this work, for the first time, WS2-carbon fiber (WS2-CF) composites are synthesized by implanting WS2, which has a multiphase structure and a large number of defects, onto the surface of carbon fiber (CF) by using a simple one-step hydrothermal method, and are applied to protect electronic devices from EMI. It is found that the EMI shielding performance of WS2-CF is significantly improved, especially for those at S and C-bands. At 2 GHz, the EMI shielding efficiency could reach 36.0 dB at a typical thickness of 3.00 mm of the composite, which is much better than that of pure CF (25.5 dB). Besides paving a novel avenue to optimize the electromagnetic shielding performance of flexible and wearable CF-based EMI shielding materials, which have great potential in the practical application for EMI shielding, this work provides a new paradigm for the design and synthesis of EMI shielding materials which have a broad application prospect.

Abstract Cobalt diselenide (CoSe2) hierarchical clew-like structure is synthesized via a dual-surfactant templated hydrothermal process, and for the first time, its microwave absorption capability has been established. Specifically, the as-synthesized hierarchical interconnected structure is assembled by numerous dense nanobelts. Meticulous tuning of the synthetic conditions which could influence the hierarchical architecture indicates that, in this system, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) plays a dominate role of “balling” while protonated diethylenetriamine (DETA) plays the role of “stringing”. As a novel absorbent, the microwave absorption performance of CoSe2 microstructure is evaluated in 2–18 GHz band. Particularly, 3D hierarchical CoSe2 microclews exhibit superior minimum reflection loss of −26.93 dB at 7.28 GHz and effective absorption bandwidth of 3.72 GHz, which are ∼120% and ∼104% higher than those of simple CoSe2 nanosheets, respectively. Such drastic enhancement could be attributed to the large specific surface area, and more dissipation channels and scattering sites enabled by the unique clew-like microstructure. The versatile dual-surfactant templated assembly of hierarchical CoSe2 microstructure, along with its appreciable dielectric microwave absorption performance, provides new inspirations in developing novel microwave absorbents for mitigation of electromagnetic pollution.

Abstract Electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution is harmful to human health and environment, thus it is absolutely important to develop new electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. MAX phases have been attracted more attention as a potential candidate for electromagnetic wave absorbing materials due to their high conductivity and nanolaminated structure. Herein, two new magnetic MAX phases with multiprincipal elements ((Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2FeC) in which Fe atoms replace Al atoms in the A sites are successfully synthesized by an isomorphous replacement reaction of multiprincipal (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2AlC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2AlC MAX phases with Lewis acid salt (FeCl2). (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2FeC exhibit ferromagnetic behavior, and the Curie temperature (Tc) are 302 and 235 K, respectively. The dual electromagnetic absorption mechanisms that include dielectric and magnetic loss, which is realized in these multiprincipal MAX phases. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC is −44.4 dB at 6.56 GHz with 3 mm thickness, and the effective bandwidth is 2.48 GHz. Additionally, the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the magnetic MAX phases indicate that magnetic loss also plays an important role besides dielectric loss. This work shows a promising composition‐design strategy to develop MAX phases with good EM wave absorption performance via simultaneously regulating dielectric and magnetic loss together.

Abstract The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) in men globally increases as the standard of living improves. Blood serum biomarker prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) detection is the gold standard assay that do not meet the requirements of early detection. Herein, a solution‐gated graphene transistor (SGGT) biosensor for the ultrasensitive and rapid quantification detection of the early prostate cancer‐relevant biomarker, miRNA‐21 is reported. The designed single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes immobilized on the Au gate can hybridize effectively with the miRNA‐21 molecules targets and induce the Dirac voltage shifts of SGGT transfer curves. The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor can reach 10−20 M without amplification and any chemical or biological labeling. The detection linear range is from 10−20 to 10−12 M. The sensor can realize real‐time detection of the miRNA‐21 molecules in less than 5 min and can well distinguish one‐mismatched miRNA‐21 molecule. The blood serum samples from the patients without RNA extraction and amplification are measured. The results demonstrated that the biosensor can well distinguish the cancer patients from the control group and has higher sensitivity (100%) than PSA detection (58.3%). Contrastingly, it can be found that the PSA level is not directly related to PCa.

The construction of structures with multiple interfaces and dielectric/magnetic heterostructures enables the design of materials with unique physical and chemical properties, which has aroused intensive interest in scientific and technological fields. Especially, for electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption, enhanced interface polarization and improved impedence match with high Snoek's limitation could be achieved by multiple interfaces and dielectric/magnetic heterostructures, respectively, which are benificial to high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA). However, by far, the principles in the design or construction of structures with multiple interfaces and dielectric/magnetic heterostructures, and the relationships between those structures or heterostructures and their EWA performance have not been fully summarized and reviewed. This article aims to provide a timely review on the research progresses of high-efficency EM wave absorbers with multiple interfaces and dielectric/magnetic heterostructures, focusing on various promising EWA materials. Particularly, EM attenuation mechanisms in those structures with multiple interfaces and dielectric/magnetic heterostructures are discussed and generalized. Furthermore, the changllenges and future developments of EM wave absorbers based on those structures are proposed.

Resveratrol (RES) is a non-flavonoid polyphenol compound that can be involved in follicular development and ovulation. However, the mechanism by which resveratrol regulates the apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells (POGCs) through long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is poorly understood. We generated POGCs models of different doses of RES (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μM). It was observed that the cell viability was the highest in the 50 μM group, and the highest apoptosis rates were recorded in the 100 μM group. Therefore, a control group (n = 3, 0 μM RES group), a low RES group (n = 3, 50 μM RES group), and a high RES group (n = 3, 100 μM RES group) of POGCs were created for next RNA sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) indicated that differentially expressed lncRNAs associated with apoptotic process were highly enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of lncRNA target genes found that the Wnt signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were both enriched. Furthermore, we constructed lncRNA-mRNA networks related to Metabolic and Cell Apoptosis, respectively. In the networks, five key-lncRNAs were screened, which may play a significant role in the process of POGCs metabolism and apoptosis. Furthermore, we focused on the function of a lnc-GAM (lncRNA associated with Granulosa cells Apoptosis and Metabolism) and verified that lnc-GAM could influence cell apoptosis in POGCs development by affecting the mRNA expression of apoptosis-related markers, and also affects the secretion of steroid hormones and related genes expression in POGCs cultured in vitro. Our study provides seminal data and important new insights into the regulation of reproductive mechanisms in porcine and other female mammals.

IntroductionArabinoxylan (AX) is a versatile polysaccharide that shows various effects in modulating gut microbiota and health. The influence of arabinoxylan carbohydrate structural feature and feruloylation on fermentability and the effect of modulation of gut microbiota of AX was not clear.MethodsArabinoxylans from rice bran and corn bran (RAX and CAX), and their deferulyolated counterpart dRAX and dCAX were fermented using an in vitro fermentation model. Structural information was determined based on monosaccharide composition. Gas production of fermentation products, SCFAs production, pH change, and microbiota change were measured.ResultsRAX and dRAX posessed lower A/X ratio compared with CAX and dCAX. The gas and total SCFAs production were lower in RAX and dRAX, and the butyrate production were higher in RAX and dRAX compared with CAX and dCAX. Butyrate production was lower at dRAX compared to RAX. On the other hand, butyrate production was higher in dCAX than in CAX. The microbiota shift were different for the four fibers.DiscussionThe AXs from rice have a higher A/X ratio than the AXs from maize, suggesting more branching and a more complex side chain. The structural difference was crucial for the difference in fermentation pattern. Different Bacteroides species are responsible for the utilization of rice AXs and corn AXs. Although feruloylation had a minor effect on the overall fermentation pattern, it significantly affected butyrate production and alpha diversity. dRAX promoted less butyrate than RAX, which is associated with a significantly lower amount of Faecalibacterium prausnitzi. dCAX promoted more butyrate than CAX, which may be associated with a lower amount of Bacteroides ovatus and a higher amount of Blautia in dCAX compared to CAX. The effects of feruloylation on the fermentation pattern and the resulted microbiota shift of AX varied depending on the carbohydrate structure.

Abstract Heterointerface engineering is evolving as an effective approach to tune electromagnetic functional materials, but the mechanisms of heterointerfaces on microwave absorption (MA) remain unclear. In this work, abundant electromagnetic heterointerfaces are customized in multilevel hollow architecture via a one‐step synergistic polymerizing‐etching strategy. Fe/Fe3O4@C spindle‐on‐tube structures are transformed from FeOOH@polydopamine precursors by a controllable reduction process. The impressive electromagnetic heterostructures are realized on the Fe/Fe3O4@C hollow spindle arrays and induce strong interfacial polarization. The highly dispersive Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles within spindles build multi‐dimension magnetic networks, which enhance the interaction with incident microwaves and reinforce magnetic loss capacity. Moreover, the hierarchically hollow structure and electromagnetic synergistic components are conducive to the impedance matching between absorbing materials and air medium. Furthermore, the mechanisms of electromagnetic heterointerfaces on the MA are systematically investigated. Accordingly, the as‐prepared hierarchical Fe/Fe3O4@C microtubes exhibit remarkable MA performance with a maximum refection loss of −55.4 dB and an absorption bandwidth of 4.2 GHz. Therefore, in this study, the authors not only demonstrate a synergistic strategy to design multilevel hollow architecture, but also provide a fundamental guide in heterointerface engineering of highly efficient electromagnetic functional materials.

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been very successful in image denoising. However, with the growth of the depth of plain networks, CNNs may result in performance degradation. The lack of network depth leads to the limited ability of the network to extract image features and difficults to fuse the shallow image features into the deep image information. In this work, we propose an improved deep convolutional U-Net framework (RatUNet) for image denoising. RatUNet improves Unet as follows: (1) RatUNet uses the residual blocks of ResNet to deepen the network depth, so as to avoid the network performance saturation. (2) RatUNet improves the down-sampling method, which is conducive to extracting image features. (3) RatUNet improves the up-sampling method, which is used to restore image details. (4) RatUNet improves the skip-connection method of the U-Net network, which is used to fuse the shallow feature information into the deep image details, and it is more conducive to restore the clean image. (5) In order to better process the edge information of the image, RatUNet uses depthwise and polarized self-attention mechanism to guide a CNN for image denoising. Extensive experiments show that our RatUNet is more efficient and has better performance than existing state-of-the-art denoising methods, especially in SSIM metrics, the denoising effect of the RatUNet achieves very high performance. Visualization results show that the denoised image by RatUNet is smoother and sharper than other methods.

Optical fiber eavesdropping is one of the major hidden dangers of power grid information security,but detection is difficult due to its high concealment.Aiming at the eavesdropping problems faced by communication networks,an optical fiber eavesdropping detection method based on machine learning was proposed.Firstly,seven-dimensions feature vector extraction method was designed based on the influence of eavesdropping on the physical layer of transmission.Then eavesdropping was simulated and experimental feature vectors were collected.Finally,two machine learning algorithms were used for classification detection and model optimization.Experiments show that the performance of the neural network classification is better than the K-nearest neighbor classification,and it can achieve 98.1% eavesdropping recognition rate in 10% splitting ratio eavesdropping.

Abstract Notonesomycin A is a 32-membered bioactive glycosylated macrolactone known to be produced by Streptomyces aminophilus subsp. notonesogenes 647-AV1 and S. aminophilus DSM 40186. In a high throughput antifungal screening campaign, we identified an alternative notonesomycin A producing strain, Streptomyces sp. A793, and its biosynthetic gene cluster. From this strain, we further characterized a new more potent antifungal non-sulfated analogue, named notonesomycin B. Through CRISPR–Cas9 engineering of the biosynthetic gene cluster, we were able to increase the production yield of notonesomycin B by up to 18-fold as well as generate a strain that exclusively produces this analogue.

A carbon dot-functionalized solution-gated graphene transistor (CD-SGGT) was designed and prepared via the modification of CDs on the gate of SGGT. The above CDs were hydrothermally synthesized using DL-thioctic acid and triethylenetramine as C, N and S sources. The average size of CDs was ~6.2 nm, and there were many amino and carboxyl groups on the CDs’ surfaces. The CDs was then used as a probe for preparation of CD-SGGT sensor for the cobalt(II) (Co2+) ions detection. The CD-SGGT sensor showed excellent sensitivity and high selectivity. Remarkably, the limit of detection (LOD) reached 10−19 M. The linear detection range was obtained from 10−19 to 10−15 M. Additionally, the CD-SGGT also showed fast response and good stability.

There are many factors involved in the assembly process of complex products, but only a few of the key influencing factors really affect the performance of the product assembly. In order to ensure the performance of complex products, it is necessary to model the deviation transfer flow of the assembly process of complex products and identify key processes and characteristics and determine its scope of influence. This paper establishes the set of assembly performance influencing factors by analyzing the complex product assembly process and uses complex networks combined with entropy weight method to identify the influencing factors of product performance to achieve the identification of key influencing factors. Based on the key factor identification results using an Apriori algorithm to mine the association rules between key factors and performance to provide guidance for the assembly of complex products and achieve transparent and controllable performance. The assembly process of a certain type of aeroengine low-pressure fan rotor is verified as the research object. The results show that the proposed method can identify the key factors in the multistage assembly process and establish an association rule library to provide decision support for process adjustment.

This study proposes a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bandpass filter with a continuously tunable bandwidth and center frequency. The proposed filter combines several gallium arsenide varactors and a dual-mode resonator (DMR). The even and odd modes of the DMR can be tuned simultaneously using a single bias voltage. The capacitive value of varactors in the circuit is tuned continuously under continuous voltage and frequency tunability. External couplings and the interstage can be realized using an interdigital coupling structure; a fixed capacitor is added to the feeder to improve its coupling strength. A low-insertion loss within the band is obtained using HTS technology. Additionally, the proposed filter is etched on a 0.5 mm-thick MgO substrate and combined with YBCO thin films for demonstration. For the as-fabricated device, the tuning frequency range of 1.22~1.34 GHz was 9.4%; the 3-dB fractional bandwidth was 12.95~17.39%, and the insertion loss was 2.28~3.59 dB. The simulation and experimental measurement results were highly consistent.

Physical layer authentication is an important way to ensure the security of optical communication network. We hereby propose a scheme to realize it by measuring the variation of the bit error rate (BER) on both sides of communication. In this scheme, the legitimacy of the receiver is identified by analyzing the BER variation of the optical fiber loop based on the short-term correlation of the channels. We then simulate a 16 PSK optical transmission system with intensity modulation direct detection-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (IMDD-OFDM). The authentication effect is analyzed in the case of disturbance and beam split, as well as replacement of optical fiber channels caused by eavesdropper (Eve). The results show that this scheme is sensitive to the three kinds of attacks. A high probability of detection (PD) and a low false alarm rate (FAR) can be obtained. The experimental results show that with the increase of the frequency test, PD and FAR tend to be stable, and the authentication effect is better with the accuracy rate 100%.

The fast and diversified development of Internet services leads to numerous services with differentiated delay tolerance of optical connections set-up are converging in the optical network. Consequently, the average set-up delay of optical connection is increased, which will inevitably bring pressures to optical networks. To solve this problem, a delay aware routing spectrum assignment (RSA) algorithm based on services scheduling in priority queues with dynamic virtual topology construction (QVT-RSA) is proposed. First, the QVT-RSA algorithm reasonably identifies various different services and arranges them in order according to their priority, waiting time and delay tolerance requirements. Then, software defined networks (SDN) controller with multi-threads technology is adopted to innovatively parallel serve the ordered service requests to reduce the average set-up delay of optical connections, which also offset the induced delay caused by services scheduling. The network resource is accurately shared among multi-threads using the proposed mutual exclusive resource utilization model realized by dynamic virtual topology construction. The continuously coloring and usable virtual topology linkage reconfiguration can provide topology resources for service requests and adapt the dynamic transformation among serving, waiting and new arriving service requests. The shortest-path routing and first fit spectrum assignment (SPFF-RSA) algorithm is used as the baseline algorithm. Furthermore, by combining the SPFF-RSA algorithm and partial strategy of our strategy, the QSPFF-RSA and V-RSA algorithms are proposed as baseline algorithms as described in V-B. The simulation experiment results demonstrate that the average optical connections set-up delay of QVT-RSA algorithm is reduced compared with SPFF-RSA and QSPFF-RSA algorithms, and the blocking probability of QVT-RSA algorithm is reduced compared with SPFF-RSA, QSPFF-RSA and VRSA algorithms. The optical connections set-up success probability within delay tolerance about high, medium and low priority services of QVT-RSA algorithm is higher than that of the SPFF-RSA, QSPFF-RSA and VRSA algorithms.

Abstract Background Phomafungin is a recently reported broad spectrum antifungal compound but its biosynthetic pathway is unknown. We combed publicly available Phoma genomes but failed to find any putative biosynthetic gene cluster that could account for its biosynthesis. Results Therefore, we sequenced the genome of one of our Phoma strains (F3723) previously identified as having antifungal activity in a high-throughput screen. We found a biosynthetic gene cluster that was predicted to synthesize a cyclic lipodepsipeptide that differs in the amino acid composition compared to Phomafungin. Antifungal activity guided isolation yielded a new compound, BII-Rafflesfungin, the structure of which was determined. Conclusions We describe the NRPS-t1PKS cluster ‘BIIRfg’ compatible with the synthesis of the cyclic lipodepsipeptide BII-Rafflesfungin [HMHDA-L-Ala-L-Glu-L-Asn-L-Ser-L-Ser-D-Ser-D-allo-Thr-Gly]. We report new Stachelhaus codes for Ala, Glu, Asn, Ser, Thr, and Gly. We propose a mechanism for BII-Rafflesfungin biosynthesis, which involves the formation of the lipid part by BIIRfg_PKS followed by activation and transfer of the lipid chain by a predicted AMP-ligase on to the first PCP domain of the BIIRfg_NRPS gene.

The assembly, as the core part of low-pressure rotor manufacturing, is of great importance to ensure its unbalance. Low-voltage rotor assembly is a multi-process process influenced by the quality of part machining, assembly process, and assembly quality, resulting in unbalance that is difficult to predict during the assembly process. The unbalance measurement in the assembly process is important for the subsequent process optimization. Therefore, in order to achieve the prediction of unbalance measurement in the assembly process, this paper proposes an unbalance measurement prediction method based on mechanism and data fusion. Firstly, through research and analysis, the influencing factors of unbalance are determined, the low-pressure rotor blade sequencing mechanism model is established, and the blade sequencing optimization is realized by using reinforcement learning. Then, since the unbalance is formed after all the processes are completed and the subsequent work steps in the assembly process have not been carried out yet, the actual process parameters cannot be obtained, the semi-physical simulation method is used to combine the actual data of the assembled work steps with the theoretical data of the unassembled work steps to build a prediction model of the unbalance based on the BRNN (bidirectional recurrent neural network) network to achieve the prediction of the unbalance measurement in the assembly process. Finally, the model was validated using actual assembly process data, which proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

Bolted connections are the main method of connecting the components of an aero-engine low pressure rotor. Due to the influence of the elastic interaction relationship, it is easy to cause uneven distribution of the preload force of the bolt group, although it can meet the stiffness needs; however, it may lead to the deflection of the spatial relative position of the components, which is can easily cause coaxiality overrun. In view of the contradictory problem of optimization between coaxiality and stiffness of rotor assembly, this paper proposes a semi-physical simulation optimization method for the bolt tightening process based on reinforcement learning. Firstly, by studying the elastic interaction mechanism between the bolts, the elastic interaction matrix was established using finite element simulation data. On this basis, a coaxiality prediction model for the bolt tightening process was established using a GRU (gate recurrent unit) network to realize the prediction of coaxiality in the bolt tightening process. Then, through the analysis of the bolt connection stiffness, a stiffness calculation model containing the bolt stiffness, the stiffness of the connected parts, and the contact stiffness of the joint surface in series was constructed to realize the calculation of the stiffness during the bolt tightening process. Finally, with the bolt preload force as the optimization variable, coaxiality and stiffness as the optimization target, and the tightening torque and preload force of the installed bolts in the actual assembly process as the constraints, a semi-physical simulation optimization model of the bolt tightening process was established using reinforcement learning to realize the optimization of the bolt tightening process. Moreover, through the semi-physical simulation optimization method, the bolt tightening process can be installed and adjusted at the same time.

An aero engine fan rotor is composed of a multi-stage disk and multi-stage blades. Excessive unbalance of the aero engine fan rotor after assembly is the main cause of aero engine vibration. In the rotor assembly process, blade sequencing optimization and multi-stage blade set assembly phase optimization are important for reducing the overall rotor unbalance. To address this problem, this paper proposes a semi-physical simulation method based on reinforcement learning to optimize the balance in the fan rotor assembly process. Firstly, based on the mass moments of individual blades, the diagonal mass moment difference is introduced as a constraint to build a single-stage blade sorting optimization model, and reinforcement learning is used to find the optimal sorting path so that the balance of the single-stage blade after sorting is optimal. Then, on the basis of the initial unbalance of the disk and the unbalance of the single-stage blade set, a multi-stage blade assembly phase optimization model is established, and reinforcement learning is used to find the optimal assembly phase so that the overall balance of the rotor is optimal. Finally, based on the collection of data during the assembly of the rotor, the least-squares method is used to fit and calculate the real-time assembly unbalance to achieve a semi-physical simulation of the optimization of balance during the assembly process. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by experiments.

Riboswitches recognize and respond to specific metabolites by altering gene expression. Here, the authors developed a high-throughput method (PARCEL) to experimentally identify RNA aptamers across transcriptomes.

Relatively unknown is whether coursework in responsible conduct of research actually achieve the purposes for which it is designed. In this study, the authors report clinical translational students’ perceptions of their research ethics coursework and the alignment between course content as recommended in the literature. We used grounded theory to portray emergent findings across focus groups and semistructured interviews among 31 participants at one clinical translational science hub. We also used thematic analysis to analyze course syllabi. Two themes emerged: Averting scientific misconduct and Responding to ethical dilemmas. Students reported that they did not acquire requisite strategies to address research ethical dilemmas. One of the course syllabi indicated the provision of active learning opportunities. However, the findings did not offer support. Developing experiential learning activities and ensuring that course content is aligned with the contemporary ethical practices, such as case study and portfolio development, is recommended.

Currently, with the continuous advancement of network and communication technology, the amount of data carried by the optical network is very huge. The security of high-speed and large-capacity information in optical networks has attracted more and more attention. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security based on the laws of quantum mechanics. Introducing QKD into an optical network can greatly improve the security of the optical network. In order to reduce the cost of deployment on QKD infrastructure, quantum signals in QKD and classical signals in optical networks are multiplexed in the same fiber by wavelength-division manner. Moreover, due to the limited wavelength resources in an optical fiber, time-division technology is adopted to construct different kinds of channels in QKD system for efficient utilization of wavelength resources. Under such situation, how to satisfy the security requirements of service requests and complete the efficient scheduling of multi-dimensional resources, i.e., wavelengths and timeslots, is a challenging problem. This paper addresses this problem by considering multi-dimensional routing, wavelength, and timeslot allocation (RWTA) in short-distance quantum key distribution optical networks (QKD-ON), in which any two nodes can directly establish a quantum channel, and the maximum distance between any two nodes is less than the distance that can carry out point-to-point quantum key distribution process. While accommodating services with security requirements in QKD optical networks, to avoid the wavelength time-slot fragmentation caused by the constraints of wavelength consistency and time-slot continuity, we propose a time-window-based security orchestration strategy as well as relative-loss of time continuous compactness based RWTA strategy. We conducted the simulations under various scenarios, e.g., different key updating periods and different distributions on wavelength resources, etc., and the results show that the proposed strategy can achieve better performance compared with the baselines in terms of key success rate, key-updating delay, and blocking probability.

LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) as a lithium ion battery cathode material has received attention for its highly specific capacity and excellent low temperature performance. However, the disadvantages of its high surface lithium compound residues and high pH value have influenced its processing performance and limited its application. This paper uses a facile method to modify NCA through LiAlO2 coating. The results showed that when the molar ratio of Al(NO3)3·9H2O and lithium compound residues at the surface of NCA cathode material was 0.25:1, the pH of the cathode material decreased from 12.70 to 11.80 and the surface lithium compound residues decreased from 3.99% to 1.48%. The NCA cell was charged and discharged for 100 cycles at 1 C in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V, to test the capacity retention of NCA. It was found to be as high as 94.67%, which was 5.36% higher than the control NCA cell. The discharge capacity of NCA-0.25-500 °C was 139.8 mAh/g even at 8 C rate, which was 15% higher than the raw NCA. Further research indicated that Al(NO3)3·9H2O reacted with the surface lithium compound residues of NCA and generated LiAlO2, which improved the NCA electrochemical performance.

Within the nanoscale, methodically reconfiguring interface charges, and leveraging this newly structured interface to modify the energy-momentum dynamics of heterojunction energy bands, hold profound implications for microwave electronics because of the intensified interaction between external microwaves and interfaces of materials. Mastering the orderly reconstruction of interface charges, contingent upon precise control over composition, orientation, and electronic structure remains a challenge at this scale. Herein, an in situ hierarchical assembly approach is used to successively deposit layers of Cu2S, C, and MoS2 on a hollow cubic framework with a thickness of 20 nm. Additionally, by harnessing the quasi-graphitic characteristics and elevated work function of graphitized carbon in the middle layer, its inherent charge is steered toward both the outer and inner layers, establishing a structured configuration for the crafted Cu2S@C and C@MoS2 interfaces. Employing advanced off-axis electron holography, microwave dielectric measurements, and first-principle calculations, the dynamic reconstruction of interface charges and the resulting microwave response is ascertained. The synergistic effect revealed that the Cu2S@C@MoS2 materials exhibited exceptional microwave absorption, with an effective absorption band covering 7.03 GHz at 2.0 mm thickness. Furthermore, the orderly reconstruction of nano-interfaces paves the way for research into novel electromagnetic protection materials and their unique electronic behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]