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In some cases brain metastases arise from non-small cell lung cancer, and chemotherapy has been used for long periods in the treatment of these cases, but its effectiveness has not been proven due to its weak effect in addition to its deadly toxic properties. Therefore, there was a need to search for appropriate therapeutic means for these cases, so work was done on vascular endothelial growth factor, which has an important role in the development of the disease. Where it was used against those blood vessels, either alone or combined with drugs toxic to cancer cells. One of the most important enzymes that play an important role in the formation of brain edema is cyclooxygenase (COX) -2, through its role in the production of PGE2 production. Therefore, COX-2 inhibitors are used in the treatment of brain tumors. In this report, a case will be presented of a patient with lung cancer, in addition to having brain metastases, who was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Gemcitabine, thalidomide, and celceoxib were added to the treatment protocol and by examining the patient it was found that he had completely recovered from brain metastases. Therefore, this protocol is recommended in the treatment of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with severe Covid-19 infection exacerbate their symptoms with IPF, more severe in various disorders as hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking intoxication, heart diseases finally resulting in respiratory failure and death. Underlying disorders are linked to gut microbiota especially to dysbiosis. An innate immune response is caused by environmental stimuli such as viral infection and smoking, and inflammation is triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation drives angiogenesis in the process of development of inflammation with overproduction of cytokines and growth factors. Pathogens, proinflammatory cytokines, and growth factors plays a central role in carcinogenesis between epithelial cells, myofibroblasts through NF-κB. Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts such as the genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and lead beneficial effects against harmful microbes such as F. nucleatum in the gut that induce underlying diseases. Among the factors that have an effective role in the process of carcinogenesis is NF-κB, as it works on the rapid response to pathogenic stress, inflammation, angiogenesis and carcinogenesis. The suppression of unregulated or activated NF-κB is able to be the chemotherapeutic target with NF-κB inhibitors such as thalidomide and celecoxib. Especially patients with underlying diseases who experience COVID-19 infection-induced pulmonary fibrosis after several years or more might be predicted to have a higher probability of developing NSCLC, if not with proper follow-up and treatment with symbiosis and small molecular NF-κB inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older people and patients with an underlying disorder are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection, which can be exacerbated by a cytokine storm or hypercytokinemia. Myocardial injury is the most serious and life-threatening complication may be a major cause of death as a result of infection with Covid 19. Studies have shown that patients who do not suffer from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) injury recover by a large percentage compared to those infected. Galectin-3 acting a significant pathophysiological role in inflammatory responses, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. The transcription factor NF-κB regulates inflammatory responses and expresses more than 400 genes associated with a variety of processes, including all biochemical and biophysical process. Thalidomide act as an immunomodulatory agent that, in combination with the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib, strongly suppresses activated NF-κB. The combination improves the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential thrombocythemia is the category of myeloproliferative syndromes, generally characterized by a group of clonal stem cell diseases that present a disturbance in the growth of one or more sets of hematopoietic cells. All long clinical treatment, patients may experience gastrointestinal disorders and other metabolic processes that can lead to weight loss and malnutrition. Cytokine is involved in the control of appetite, digestive, and metabolic processes in the body, it can be assumed that increased stimulation could impair the control of these processes leading to loss of body mass. Effective and systematic nutritional intervention is required to ensure patient compliance with treatment and improved nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]