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Newspaper coverage of the U.S. Navy in World War I played a significant role in civil-military tensions within the Navy Department. Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels cultivated good relations with newspapers, and his attitude toward managing the press was largely limited to protecting sensitive information and ensuring good publicity for the navy. The American naval commander stationed in Europe had a more sophisticated outlook. William S. Sims had fewer qualms about censorship than Daniels, and he realized that the press could be used to his advantage in shaping the administration's policies. The result was that the press became a pawn in the fractious relationship between the Wilson administration and the senior naval officer in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing 48 foreign exchange (FX) rates and 1.2 million FX-related news articles over a 35-year period, using digital textual analysis, we find that a currency reversal investment strategy that buys (sells) currencies with low (high) media sentiment offers strong positive and statistically significant returns and Sharpe ratios. The results are robust and the strategy adds value over other currency premia determinants. Analysts' forecasts systematically mispredict the reversal strategy. This is the first article to show that price reversals based on media sentiment are a well-defined feature of the FX market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific research has been analysed to improve die-cutting presses’ drive pressure plate mechanisms. An upgraded drive pressure plate mechanism has been proposed based on its results. It involves the application of two wedging mechanisms, an additional pair of driven cranks, and a gear transmission. Geometric synthesis of the proposed mechanism has been carried out, determining its relative and absolute geometric dimensions. A methodology for calculating the kinematic parameters of the combined drive pressure plate mechanism has been created, involving the use of similarity theory. Analytical dependencies for determining the invariants of the kinematic parameters of the mechanism’s operation have been derived. Based on the results of geometric synthesis, a 3D model of the mechanism has been designed, and a virtual experiment has been conducted using the SolidWorks software. Engineering calculations of the proposed press plate drive mechanism model in a die-cutting press with cyclicity of 60 cycles per minute showed that with a displacement of 80 mm, the maximum speed is 0.372 m/s. At the same time, the inertial loads during the plate’s reversal are minimal, with a negative acceleration value of −0.139 m/s2. A comparative analysis of the results of analytical research on the kinematic parameters of the pressure plate drive mechanism and the results of the virtual experiment has shown their absolute identity. It confirms the correctness of the completed synthesis and calculation methodology of the kinematic parameters of the proposed combined drive mechanism operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tech corporations, such as Google, Facebook, and Apple, have increasingly become the focus of public media attention and are subject to public scrutiny due to their prominence and scandals. Often, the news media reports on the corporations' chief executive officers and founders as representatives of the corporations to make complex company-related information comprehensible and gain more public attention. The personalization trend in the news media has turned some corporate leaders into celebrities and is linked to tech companies' media reputations, that is, the evaluations of tech companies in the news media. However, research on personalization in corporate news is rare and conflicting, and whether and how personalization is linked to the media reputations of Big Tech corporations is not yet clear. By focusing on different personalization types, this study investigates the relationship between personalization and the evaluation of tech companies in the news. A quantitative content analysis of media articles (N = 5234) in Swiss news outlets revealed that the news on tech companies is frequently personalized, and personalized news is more negative and more often related to the social aspects of tech corporations than non-personalized news. Our study indicates that personalization is used as a journalistic style in the news about tech corporations but is most common in negative reporting in which the role of tech corporations in society is critically assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable investing is on the rise within the financial sector. However, the honesty, reliability, and validity of the sustainable finance (SF) industry is currently facing increasing allegations and criticism, including from individuals within the sector. This paper aims to investigate how the news media give voice to whistleblowers in SF. To do so, a mixed methods approach was applied. First, expert interviews were conducted between March and April 2022 with individuals responsible for SF/ESG ('environmental, social and governance') investments in Europe as well as DWS whistleblower, Desiree Fixler. In parallel, the news coverage of two prominent whistleblowers in the ESG industry was examined using a qualitative, manual content analysis of articles from nine major financial news sites online. The findings of the interviews shed light on how the media provided whistleblowers a platform to expose organizational wrongdoings in the realm of SF. In addition, the content analysis showed that the financial news media provided a forum for information, criticism, and discussion about SF. The results provide innovative insights about whistleblower activities related to SF and greenwashing within the financial industry, and their portrayal in financial news media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how the owner identity of media organisations affects their response to competing professional and market logics. To this end, a qualitative comparative multiple case study was conducted in the European news media sector. Our findings suggest that not only owner identity, but also the field position of the organisation is associated with particular market choices and the priority that is given to one market over another. This in turn has consequences for the degree of tension between coalitions with competing logics. Additionally, we find that the best owner-market fit for prioritising the democratic role of the press is a journalist employee cooperative that mainly serves a subscription market. Previous research on logics has addressed the role of ownership but did not include customer and employee cooperatives. Therefore, our findings provide important new insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: War has been recognized throughout history for its devastating effects on societies, and these effects have not been limited to physical destruction. In the modern era, even wars in remote regions have profound psychological effects on large masses due to the instant information transfer brought about by globalization and technology. Aim: This study aims to examine in depth the effects of exposure to war news on the collective mental health of individuals through a phenomenological approach. Methods: In this qualitative study using a phenomenological research design, one of the purposive sampling methods, criterion sampling, was employed. Face‐to‐face in‐depth interviews lasting approximately 35–45 min were conducted with 20 participants. Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the obtained data. Data were collected according to COREQ criteria. Results: According to the analysis results, three main categories emerged as follows: echoes of collective anxiety, keys to maintaining spiritual resilience, and navigating the media storm. Discussion: This research provides important findings on the psychological and social effects of the media by examining the impact of war news on public mental health in depth. It was determined that war news has the potential to spread social anxiety and fear. Participants expressed the negative effects of war news on psychological and physical health and stated that this situation creates a wide wave of anxiety and psychological storms. The constant coverage of war news in the media also affects social empathy, shaping society's ability to support each other in times of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses comprise the largest group of health professionals yet are underrepresented in health news media, depriving the public of important perspectives on health and healthcare and undermining the public's perceptions of nurses as experts. The George Washington University School of Nursing's Center for Health Policy and Media Engagement partnered with the American Organization for Nursing Leadership to invite a small group of chief nursing officers to participate in a workshop aimed at building an organization-specific strategy for sharing nurses' expertise with the public through media engagement. Participants completed a preworkshop survey, participated in two 4-hour workshops to explore the factors that contribute to nurses' invisibility as media sources, and developed a strategic plan for ensuring that their healthcare organizations are able to recognize and share their nurses' expertise with media. This article describes the initiative, its outcomes, and the implications for nurse leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes press freedom during the dictatorships of Salazar, Franco, and Vargas, highlighting the repression of divergent opinions and censorship of the press. It focuses on the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas, emphasizing his fight against European dictatorships. It also mentions the protection of press freedom in the constitutions of Portugal, Spain, and Brazil, although it was not always respected. Finally, the issue of fake news and press freedom in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 is addressed, highlighting the need for policies that promote the independence of the press. [Extracted from the article]

The article provides an overview of the importance proper citation and consequences of plagiarism and offers guidance on how to format references according to the American Medical Association (AMA) reference style. Topics include historic cases of plagiarism, examples of information sources that should be properly cited, and the adoption by the editors of numerous medical journals of the AMA reference style.

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Signa is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Clinicians have noted that the ongoing war on Gaza has had a psychological impact on people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) whose mental health is particularly vulnerable during stressful times such as these. The present study sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among PwMS in Jordan during the Gaza war outbreak. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 171 patients (PwMS) out of 372 patients approached (46% response rate) who were being seen in the MS unit at Al Bashir Hospital, Ammann, Jordan. Inclusion criteria required that participants had been following daily news updates of the October 7 war in Gaza during a period of 4 months. Results: Of participants, 125 (73.1%) were female, 98 (57.3%) were on therapy for less than five years, and 30 (17.5%) reported having a relapse during the past 6 months. Significant PTSD symptoms were identified in 58.5% (100 of 171 participants). Those at higher risk were the unemployed (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.13-4.07, P = 0.02), whereas patients receiving dimethyl fumarate (19.9%) were at lower risk (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19-0.94, P = 0.02). Conclusion: The high rate of significant PTSD symptoms among people with MS in this study underscores the need for attention by primary care providers and the implementation of a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to optimize the mental well-being of this fragile population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 2 (Mood: Positive vs. Negative) × 2 (Modality Interactivity: Scrolling vs. Swiping) × 2 (Length: Long form vs. Short Form) between-subject experiment (N = 330) was conducted to examine the impact of mood, modality interactivity, and news story length on news engagement under the context of smartphone news reading. Results showed news story length had a main effect on informativeness. A mood and news story length interaction on perceived usability, currency, and bias was obtained. In addition, a three-way interaction of mood, modality interactivity, and news story length on temporary dissociation was obtained. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first censorship intended to the Turkish Press took place with the Printing Press Regulation dated February 8, 1857, before the establishment of the Republic. With this Regulation, the Turkish press entered a new era. In order to publish a newspaper, some stipulations were imposed; the manuscripts of the newspaper were to be shown before publication and many other stipulations were also introduced. The ordinance remained in force until the Printing Law in 1909. This Ordinance was followed with the Ali Decree issued by the Grand Vizier Ali Pasha in 1867. Though this decree was issued temporarily, no matter which government came to power until 1909, they did not hesitate to use the decree in their own way and censor the press. During the reign of Abdülhamid II, the press entered a period of serious silence, while during the First and Second Constitutional Periods, there was a slight relief on the press. In both the National Struggle and the first period of the establishment of the Republic, the support of the press was given importance, and it was tried to provide support to the newly established state by granting partial freedoms to the press. When the criticisms made with the political and economic problems that emerged during World War II began to target the government, newspaper closure decisions were frequently implemented. The Soviet demands occurring in the new world order were also reflected in the press, and it was seen that both the pro-government and the opposition-supporting press expressed common ideas against the Soviet demands. Although the censorship on the press seemed to be relatively abolished after 1946, the control of the press continued after the criticism of the pro-opposition press. The press was always seen as a tool to direct public opinion and its influence on the transition to a multiparty system cannot be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yearbook of the General Directorate of Press and Intelligence of the Republic of Turkey, covering the years 1924-1927, is considered an important resource in terms of Turkish press history. This work includes the biographies of press members of the period, indexes of press organizations and newspapers, and also presents documents related to press card requests. The work is supported by a comprehensive literature review, providing researchers with detailed information about the press life of the time. Additionally, detailed indexes regarding the titles and duties of press members included in the album facilitate access for researchers. [Extracted from the article]

Lidia Poët (1855-1949) and Teresa Labriola (1871-1941) were two pioneers of the fight for women's rights in Italy. Despite being among the very first Italian women to graduate from the Faculty of Law at the University of Rome and the University of Torino, respectively, they were inescapably limited in the pursuit of professional careers. Inspired by their own personal experiences, both women started openly questioning the restricting values of patriarchal society and the lack of legal and political rights for women in their essays and conference presentations. Not only did they fight their individual battles by triggering public debate, but they also considered it their crucial task to create more awareness among the broader female population. Given the fact that the late nineteenth to early twentieth century was a particularly flourishing time for the periodical press, it is not surprising that both Poët and Labriola soon discovered the endless possibilities of magazines and newspapers. The aim of this essay is to illustrate how these two women turned to the periodical press and used it as a weapon in their quest for women's legal rights. In addition, it explores the development of a nationalist feminism that emerged from their wartime writings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the way the nursing profession was portrayed in online news coverage before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Background: The power of the media can be used as a tool to introduce nursing services to society, make nursing visible, and influence the public perception of nursing. Introduction: Analyzing the image of nursing as portrayed in the news can be a guide for more effective management of the media as a tool for positioning nursing in the future and presenting the right message. Methods: A qualitative design was applied. Three online newspapers published in the Turkish language—the most widely read newspapers in Turkey—were analyzed. The sample for this research consisted of 505 news articles containing the keywords "nurse" and "nursing" published before and after the COVID‐19 outbreak. The MAXQDA2022 software was used for data management. Results: The articles selected were themed as news reflecting the nursing profession negatively, positively, and neutrally. When the negative and positive themes were compared, the two most repeated subthemes included (1) working conditions and being unprofessionalism; (2) impact on health, social recognition, and neutral included only subtheme that happens to you as a citizen/individual. Conclusion: Compared with the pre‐COVID‐19 period, there was an increase in news coverage reflecting portrayed nursing positively on the nursing profession in the post‐COVID‐19 period. Mass media, which are indispensable in social communication, can be used as an effective tool to improve the image of nursing in society. Implications for nursing: From nursing students to policymakers, all professionals must act in a planned and purposeful manner to present nursing professionals positively as leaders in public healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The political assimilation of peasants within the framework of nation-states, alongside the politicization of rural societies, has garnered increasing attention from historians, sociologists, and anthropologists, resulting in a diverse array of studies. This article shows that the press and the genre dedicated explicitly to peasants in particular, known as "gazete poporale" (folk gazettes, gazettes aimed at the people), played a pivotal role in fostering civic consciousness among Romanian peasants in Transylvania between 1867 and 1914. These folk newspapers, also dubbed "people's papers," represented a distinct form of journalism, which was characterized by a simplified discourse tailored to the literacy levels of Transylvanian Romanian peasants. Their aim was to furnish essential information for their social, economic, and cultural advancement while also politically mobilizing the peasants in alignment with the ethos of the national movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of men's fashion and lifestyle magazines in Spain since the 1970s reflects shifts in male identity, influenced by the country's transition from dictatorship to democracy and the liberalizing period of el Destape. This study examines how these magazines capture the adaptations of the "modern man", emphasizing his pursuit of freedom and alignment with global trends. By analyzing the content of men's magazines and contrasting them with women's publications, this study identifies gendered consumption patterns and the role of magazines as both historical records and consumer products. Comparisons reveal how men and women were positioned as both subjects and objects. Results show that men's magazines initially centered on lifestyle and erotic themes, with successful titles like MAN outlasting less defined publications. Over time, male-targeted magazines broadened their content, increasingly presenting men as consumers of lifestyle topics. This shift parallels the growth of new male-focused magazines since the 2000s, which now leverage social media-driven trends to attract audiences. The study concludes that these magazines have not only shaped male identity but have also reflected capitalist consumer strategies, adapting to digital contexts. Modern male lifestyle magazines, while diversifying themes, remain influenced by traditional gender dynamics that underscore male dominance in cultural narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to discuss the thoughts of the Catholic intellectual Arthur de Vasconcellos Veiga de Faria based on his work in the São Paulo press at the beginning of the 1920s. The Portuguese doctor, who was exiled to Brazil after the implementation of the First Portuguese Republic and was known through the spread of vegetarian food, he became an ardent defender of Catholicism in Brazil, including the rapprochement between politics and the doctrinal principles of the Catholic Church. This proposition became more evident in the texts published by the author in the column "Vida Catholica" in the São Paulo newspaper "Diário Nacional" from 1927 onwards. Based on such writings, I seek to investigate the process of building a Catholic political culture and the nation project relating to Brazil that were woven by the intellectual Arthur de Vasconcellos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 31 March Incident has an important place in the state and social life of the Second Constitutional Monarchy period. In this incident, the Ottoman press and conservative newspapers in particular polarised public opinion and created a tense atmosphere. While there were attacks on personal rights, harsh quarrels and accusations in the newspapers, Hasan Fehmi, the editor-in-chief of Serbesti, was assassinated. In this study, the Ottoman press before and after the 31 March Incident is analysed and the memoirs of the witnesses of the period are consulted. Although newspapers were partial to political factions, they were important mass communication tools and sources of the period in terms of reflecting the events daily. At the same time, memoirs are works that contain a kind of defence and accusations of the people who witnessed the period. In this context, the newspapers of the period were analysed and compared with the memoirs of statesmen and witnesses and analyses were made about the 31 March Incident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores whether and how journalists cover various forms of differentiation in the European Union (EU) in the news. Differentiation is a key feature of European integration, viewed by some as a facilitator of democracy and by others as a mechanism leading to dominance. Yet we know only little how its complex and controversial aspects are communicated to the citizens by journalists in their role as public mediator and critical watchdogs. Drawing on a selection of news reports published between 2015 and 2020 in nine media outlets from Germany, Denmark, and the UK, we find that the media frequently covers EU differentiation in a range of forms that extends beyond the conventional academic focus on territory-based differentiated integration. The majority of this coverage presents a balanced view, yet nuances emerge with respect to the forms of differentiation discussed and the origins of commentary on these matters. Overall, these results point to the key role of the media as translators and watchdogs of the complexity of EU governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Roma Opening process of the ruling party of Turkey resulted in disappointment for Roma, similar to other opening processes regarding the rights and demands of the Kurdish and Alevite communities and their respective civil society organizations. This paper focuses on the dynamics and results of the Roma opening process within the framework of prospects for developing the notion of active citizenship in Turkey. The article also addresses the news media coverage of the Roma opening process and its aftermath, again investigating the role of the media in enhancing the ideals of active citizenship. Within these considerations, after a theoretical debate on the importance of active citizenship and the role of the media in its development, the Turkish case of the Roma/Gypsy question will be discussed concerning the Roma Opening process and its news media coverage based on a qualitative content analysis. Finally, particular attention will be devoted to the structural limits of active citizenship in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article interrogates the controversial field of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), focussing in particular on the implication of the British press in its regulation. It grounds its analysis in a 'decentred' understanding of regulation; a socio-legal approach which moves beyond formal regulation and regulators, and instead foregrounds diverse social actors and their attempts to alter behaviour across a given domain. Focussing on The Times newspaper as a case-study, it identifies five regulatory techniques through which the newspaper drew (and redrew) lines separating the safe from the risky, the efficacious from the sham, and the normal from the deviant. By analytically decentring CAM's formal regulation, this article provides a conceptual contribution. It highlights an everyday form of healthcare regulation directed at prospective users which may be just as significant in potentially guiding users towards or away from particular healthcare practices/practitioners as the more traditional, formal kinds of regulation identified in regulatory literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Significance: In neonatal intensive care, the communication of difficult news can have lingering repercussions throughout the lives of those receiving such information. Uncertainty and stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively influence this sensitive yet essential communication process. Purpose: To analyze the communication of difficult news during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of parents of newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive research study was completed in a hospital in Brazil. Individual and semistructured interviews were conducted with 21 parents of newborns hospitalized in an intensive care unit and submitted to thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were built: "Tools and strategies to manage difficult news," "What makes difficult news hard to listen," and "The importance of being prepared to receive difficult news." When comparing these findings with prepandemic literature, the COVID-19 period changed communication dynamics, including coping tools and altered family dynamics. Additionally, assessing healthcare providers' positive and negative behaviors by parents could clarify essential skills to support the family's hospitalization process during a crisis. Implications for Practice and Research: Applying and investing in skills training such as spirituality assessment, providing clear and straightforward information, and empathy can reduce the impact of difficult news and, thus, requires both recognition and action from healthcare professionals. Knowing some of the effects COVID-19 had on the communication process for parents with critically ill infants, healthcare providers can better prepare themselves for communication in several scenarios and establish successful interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Humanities & Natural Sciences is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue des Lettres Modernes is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

André Adorján (1883, Szombathely, Hongrie–1966, Eaubonne, France) était un traducteur et journaliste à succès qui, ayant vécu à Paris sans interruption à partir de 1919, était bien intégré dans les cercles intellectuels français. Il est, avec Ladislas Gara, celui qui a le plus contribué à faire découvrir la littérature hongroise en France entre les années 1920 et la fin des années 1940. Il a ainsi promu la littérature hongroise contemporaine grâce à ses traductions de pièces de théâtre hongroises et aux articles et extraits de traduction qu'il a publiés dans des journaux français. Membre à la fois de l'Institut de retraite des journalistes hongrois et du Syndicat des journalistes français, il a gardé sa double nationalité jusqu'à sa mort. Les recherches sur la littérature hongroise, la presse et l'histoire locale n'ont jusqu'à présent porté que sur la phase hongroise de l'œuvre d'Adorján, jusqu'à la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale. Dans mon étude, je présenterai sa vie, son travail d'écrivain, de journaliste, de traducteur et d'éditeur, et j'analyserai ses activités de promotion de la littérature hongroise ainsi que la correspondance qui m'est parvenue. Adorján n'a pas laissé d'héritage littéraire connu, mais quelque trois cents de ses lettres sont conservées dans divers fonds d'archives. Les documents le concernant pour la première moitié du XXe siècle ne sont que sporadiquement disponibles, mais ses lettres écrites à des écrivains et journalistes entre 1947 et 1966 peuvent être lues comme un roman épistolaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a comparative cross-country survey and qualitative interview data, this article explores audiences' information-seeking practices and sentiments related to news media and other information providers in Estonia and Latvia during the COVID-19 crisis. It concludes that members of both the ethno-linguistic majority and the Russian-speaking minority relied primarily on their social network and local experts to make sense of the pandemic, with media playing a rather moderate role. Russian speakers reoriented their news media repertoires away from Russian television toward local news providers. Despite popular sentiments of media skepticism in both countries, audiences in Estonia express more confidence in local news media. Alongside ethno-linguistic divides, the study illuminates socio-economic rifts in media-society relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the years leading up to the First World War, peace initiatives were developed by German politicians in the midst of growing tensions in Europe. These politicians included left-wing liberals, i.e. members of the splinter parties that came together in 1910 to form the Fortschrittlichen Volkspartei. They demanded more democracy and more social justice, in run-off elections and in parliaments they were able to join forces with the Social Democrats; however, a number of them were also characterized by their commitment to peace. For them, it was not a question of preaching peace at any costs, but of giving long lasting peace a chance. The peace work they carried out alongside or in cooperation with the Social Democrats concentrated mainly on three areas in which they hoped to influence public opinion in line with their ideas, namely the press, schools and inter-parliamentary organizations. However, the counteraction of their opponents and the outbreak of war in August 1914 proved how futile their efforts were.

ÖZ: Kitle iletişim araçlarından biri olan gazeteler, toplumun günlük haber alma ihtiyacını karşılarken bağlı olduğu sermaye veya egemen güç üzerinden ideoloji üretir ve aktarır. Bu nedenle bir gazetede hangi konunun haber yapılacağı, haberin nasıl sunulacağı iktidarın söylemleri ile doğru orantılıdır. İdeolojilerin söylemlerde gizli olduğunu ileri süren ve nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan van Dijk modelinin yöntem olarak belirlendiği bu çalışmanın amacı; yazılı basının 31 Mart 2024 yerel seçim sonuçlarını ileti olarak nasıl ürettiği, şekillendirdiği ve aktardığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda haberlerde yer alan söylemlerin ideolojik olarak nasıl üretildiğini ortaya koyabilmek için söylemde ileti rolünü üstlenen ve araştırmaya dahil edilen 20 adet ulusal gazetenin 1 Nisan 2024 tarihli ilk sayfalarındaki; mizanpaj, haber hiyerarşisi, başlıklar, görsel ögeler, kelimeler gibi unsurlar mercek altına alınarak ileticiye aktarılan veya aktarılmak istenen ideolojik çerçevenin tespiti amaçlanmaktadır. 31 Mart 2024 yerel seçim sonuçlarını önemli kılan ve incelenmesi açısından ilgi çekici boyuta taşıyan asıl sebep, seçim sonuçlarıdır. Sürpriz seçim sonuçlarının farklı ideolojilere sahip gazetelerde haber dili ve haber söylemi olarak nasıl değerlendirildiği de çalışmanın kapsamındadır. Çalışmada mümkün olduğunca fazla gazeteyi araştırma kapsamına dahil edebilmek amaçlanmıştır. Ancak sayfa sınırlılıkları gereği araştırma, incelenen gazetelerin sürmanşet ve manşet haberleri ile sınırlı tutulmuştur. ABSTRACT: Newspapers, one of the mass media tools, produce and transmit ideology through the capital or dominant power to which they are affiliated, while meeting the society's daily need for news. For this reason, what topic will be covered in a newspaper and how the news will be presented are directly proportional to the discourses of the government. The aim of this study, in which the van Dijk model, which is one of the qualitative research methods and claims that ideologies are hidden in discourses, was determined as the method; The aim of this study is to reveal how the print media produced, shaped and conveyed the results of the 31 March 2024 local elections as a message. In this context, in order to reveal how the discourses in the news are ideologically produced, on the first pages of 20 national newspapers dated April 1, 2024, which took on the role of message in the discourse and were included in the research; Elements such as layout, news hierarchy, headlines, visual elements and words are examined and the aim is to determine the ideological framework that is conveyed or intended to be conveyed to the transmitter. The main reason that makes the local election results of March 31, 2024 important and interesting to examine is the election results. How the surprise election results are evaluated as news language and news discourse in newspapers with different ideologies is also within the scope of the study. The aim of the study was to include as many newspapers as possible within the scope of the research. However, due to page limitations, the research was limited to the headline and headline news of the newspapers examined.

Press play a crucial role in studying the process of creating the USA’s public perception of the State of Palestine of 1919. Newspapers and magazines enable a researcher to define the distinctive features of the ‘Other’ profile. The reconstructing and explaining of the Palestinian public image from the point of the traditional historical research methods prove insufficient. Being a peculiar phenomenon of American social, political, and cultural life, Palestine’s public conception requires an interdisciplinary examinational approach based on historical imagology. In 1919, there were three models of the State’s future under discussion in the US periodical literature. The first one considered it as two separate countries; the second one – as one Arabic-Jewish country; the third one – as the territory under control of the United Kingdom. Journalists raised questions regarding each of the models evolving representation of the political system in The Middle East: the prospects of the colonial institution; transferring from Colonialism to Postcolonialism; opportunities of applying the experience of Colonial Empires. Studying an informational discourse of the USA in 1919 will allow us to compile a comprehensive list of public images of the State of Palestine and the Middle East (from the territorial as well as political point of view); monitor their evolution, and discover its structural components.

Rooted in the emotions-as-frames model (EFM), this research examines how hope, fear, and annoyance are evoked through health news headline scanning, and how these emotions influence perceptions of news and medical science institutions as well as health behavioral intentions. A sample of U.S. adults (N = 327) were assigned to one of four headline framing conditions expected to associate with different emotions (positive future frame-hope; threat frame-fear/anxiety; reversal frame-annoyance; and control-neutral) and then asked about their emotional states, trust in science and news, and health-related behavioral intentions. Overall, health news headlines generated more hope than any other emotion across all conditions, and positive future-framed headlines evoked more hope than other framed headlines. Felt hope, in turn, generated greater trust in news and science, higher expectations of medical breakthroughs and cures, and greater intention to engage in preventative health behaviors. Felt anxiety had marginal positive benefits whereas felt annoyance negatively impacted the outcomes of interest. Notably, felt emotion mediated the headline frame-outcome relationships in the positive future/hope condition. These findings offer some support for the EFM and demonstrate that scanning headlines imbued with specific emotional frames can influence important health-related outcomes through the emotions they evoke. We discuss both the theoretical and practical implication of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current media environment, some individuals have shifted from actively monitoring news toward passively waiting for the media to alert them about news to a certain extent, forming a "news-finds-me" (NFM) perception. Drawing on a cross-sectional survey (N = 906) of adults from the United States, this study investigates the relationship between the NFM perception and COVID-19 misperceptions. Findings demonstrated a positive association between NFM perception and misperceptions. Moreover, information avoidance mediated the relationship between NFM and misperception. Finally, need for cognition (NFC) was a significant moderator, such that among those with greater NFC, the indirect effect of NFM perception on misperceptions became weaker. Findings of this study can contribute to the literature of NFM perception in health contexts and provide useful guidelines for combating misinformation and misperceptions in the algorithm-generated information environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the engagement obtained (during the period 2010-2017) by the official accounts on Facebook of the two main references of the daily press in Argentina with a presence both in print and online: Clarín (@clarincom) and La Nación (@lanacion). These results are part and culmination of an interdisciplinary investigation (based on a methodological combination strategy called semiodata) that aimed to know the discursive modalities that these media assume on their fanpages, the type of link that they propose there to their audience, and the way in which this varies over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have found negative ageing narratives in the media during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few have focused on compassionate ageism and how the news responded to the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated (a) media themes of negative and compassionate ageism and (b) their relationships with COVID-19 parameters and the public health response. The sample included 1,197 articles relevant to COVID-19 and older people in Hong Kong published between January and December 2020. We used thematic analysis to identify themes from the news articles and structural equation modelling to explore these themes' relationship with the number of older people infected, effective reproduction number, number of COVID-19 deaths and public health response parallel in time. Pandemic-related variables were lagged for a day – the time needed to be reflected in the news. Two negative ageism themes portrayed older people as vulnerable to COVID-19 but counterproductive in combating the pandemic. Two compassionate ageism themes depicted older people as a homogenous group of passive assistance recipients. The theme blaming older people was associated with the number of confirmed infections (β = 0.418, p = 0.002) but vulnerability of older people was not associated with pandemic-related variables. The theme helping older people was negatively associated with the percentage of older people in confirmed infections (β = −0.155, p = 0.019). The theme resources available was negatively associated with confirmed infections (β = −0.342, p < 0.001) but positively associated with the Containment and Health Index (β = 0.217, p = 0.005). Findings suggested that negative and compassionate ageism were translated into narratives about older people in the media as the pandemic evolved but did not address the actual risk they faced. Media professionals should be aware of the potential negative and compassionate ageism prompted by the news agenda and promote adequate health behaviours and responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to assess anxiety and fear of COVID-19 among home-staying Bangladeshi students. Participants: A total of 3997 university students across Bangladesh participated in the study. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the generalized anxiety disorder scale and the fear of COVID-19 scale to measure anxiety and fear, respectively. Results: 40.11% of participants had anxiety. Fear of death by COVID-19 (β1'=4.45; 95% CI: 3.99-4.90) and perceiving COVID-19-like symptoms as having COVID-19 (β1'=2.47; 95% CI: 1.76-3.18) were associated with higher fear. Exposure to COVID-19 news on social media was a predictor of fear and anxiety. Furthermore, the severe educational loss was associated with fear (β1'=2.88; 95% CI: 2.25-3.50) and anxiety (β2'=1.91; 95% CI: 1.41 to 2.41). Physical exercise and recreational activities were protective factors for fear and anxiety. Conclusion: The study reports a higher level of psychological difficulties among students during the COVID-19 pandemic which needs further longitudinal exploration to design appropriate interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title of this paper refers to both the personality and work of two Spaniards, who, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, had to abandon their homeland fleeing from the absolutism of King Ferdinand VII (1784–1833). The exile of the Spanish liberal writers started in 1814 and was characterized by two major milestones: the first between 1814 and 1820, where Great Britain was the main destination; and a second wave which began in 1823 and ended in 1833, wherein France gained prominence as a reception centre. Although the journalistic activities that were both undertaken in Paris were less relevant than those carried out by other writers in London, the truth is that with their reading, we can better understand the study of this exile journalism and the subsequent liberal journalism that was developed in Spain when the conditions allowed it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the case of the first Irish journalist to be imprisoned for refusing to reveal his sources. In his capacity as political correspondent with the Irish Press, Joseph Dennigan (1910–1950) was called as a witness in a case in December 1933 against a member of the 'Blueshirts', a quasi-fascist organisation. Dennigan declined to identify the official sources who he consulted in writing an article about the prohibition of the organisation. The decision to impose a one-month sentence on the journalist generated considerable political reaction and extensive coverage in the Irish and international press. Drawing on Dennigan papers, this article examines the contempt case and also issues that arise from this particular episode, specifically government transition and politician-source relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the strategies modern-day autocrats use to delegitimate the press as a means of consolidating power, including in democratic states. Using content analysis and Brazil as a case study, I examine Bolsonaro's online discourse on X and YouTube, during the second half of his administration (January 2021–December 2022). I argue that Bolsonaro endeavors to promote an image of the press that centers on three elements: unreliability, obsolescence, and being an enemy to the people. The delegitimation of the press through discursive, insidious means suggests a change in the way autocrats exercise power. Rather than deploying the repressive tactics of old, modern autocrats are updating their toolbox to monopolize power while enjoying the legitimacy normally granted by democratic norms. These findings raise questions about the dispersion of authoritarian practices in supposed democracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]