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He also presented the capabilities of the NIST beamlines at the NSLS-II and the NIST-BNL vision for developing advanced synchrotron metrology methods in collaboration with -industry. A workshop titled "Advanced Metrology Needs for Addressing Critical Microelectronics Challenges" was held during the virtual NSLS-II and CFN Joint Users' Meeting at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) on May 25, 2022. Dr. Papa Rao emphasized the potential roles of national laboratories and their user facilities such as synchrotron X-ray sources, stressing the need for easier user access for semiconductor research and wafer-scale, in-operando, and high-resolution metrology capabilities. [Extracted from the article]

Analysis of rhizopine scylloinosamine (SI) synthesis gene (mos) shows that the Rhizobium meliloti strain RM220-3 producing rhizopine SI in nodules contains three ORFs namely, ORF1, mosB and mosC arranged in a 3.9 kb operon unit. The L5-30 mos operon contains four ORFs and a construct developed from the L5-30 mos locus having truncated mosA gene produces SI instead of 3-O-MSI.

In this paper, we revisit the theory of negative capacitance in: 1) a standalone ferroelectric; 2) a ferroelectric–dielectric; and 3) a ferroelectric–semiconductor series combination, and show that it is important to minimize the total Gibbs free energy of the combined system (and not just the free energy of the ferroelectric) to obtain the correct states. The theory is explained both analytically and using numerical simulation, for ferroelectric materials with the first-order and second-order phase transitions. The exact conditions for different regimes of operation in terms of hysteresis and gain are derived for ferroelectric–dielectric combination. Finally, the ferroelectric–semiconductor series combination is analyzed to gain insights into the possibility of realization of steep slope transistors in a hysteresis-free manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ultrafine grained dual phase steel with yield strength of 865MPa and tensile strength of 1640MPa with a high work hardening rate and uniform elongation of 7% was produced by cold rolling and intercritical annealing. The fine scale Nb-V based carbides contributed to improving the strength and work hardening. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) degrades acetaldehyde metabolized from ethanol. Its encoding gene ALDH2 has a functional polymorphism, ALDH2 Glu487Lys associated with low enzyme activity. Aim: Since Glu487Lys of this locus is fixed for the functional subunit in all non-East Asian populations, this polymorphism was examined along with G-357A promoter (SacI) and four other intronic loci to identify informative markers to study the role of this gene in Indian populations. Subjects and methods: A total of 397 males belonging to six ethnic populations, from four linguistic groups of India were included in the present study. No test was performed to detect the phenotype of alcoholism. Genotype of ALDH2*E487K and G-357A promoter site along with four non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the upstream of this polymorphism were determined by PCR and sequencing. Results: All of the subjects were found to have the common homozygous genotype (ALDH2*1/ALDH2*1) for the E487K site. Allele frequencies of non-coding SNPs varied among populations but genetic variance (Fst) indicated little variation among populations. Four major SNP-defined haplotypes accounted for almost all chromosomes in all populations. The ancestral haplotype was found in high frequency in all populations and linkage disequilibrium was strong and highly significant between all sites (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The small number of haplotypes in this region is suggesting the strong linkage disequilibrium across the region and confirms the global long-range linkage disequilibrium around the ALDH2 locus. This study provides a baseline for future research into the role of the ALDH2 locus in alcoholism in Indian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NPY is a 36-aminoacid peptide expressed in several areas of the nervous system. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors represent a widely diffused system that is involved in the regulation of multiple biological functions. The human NPY gene is located in chromosome 7. The functional significance of coding Leu7Pro polymorphism in the signal peptide of preproNPY is known. Six hundred and fifty four individuals of 14 ethnic Indian populations were screened for three mutations in the NPY gene, including Leu7Pro. We found that the Pro7 frequencies among the studied populations were much higher than in previous studies from other parts of the world. The highest allele frequency of Pro7 was detected in the Kota population in the Nilgiri Hill region of south India, and this may reflect a founder event in the past or genetic drift. All populations followed the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for the assayed markers. A total of five haplotypes were observed, only two of which were found to occur with a high frequency in all populations. No linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed across the tested alleles in any population with the exception of Leu7Pro and Ser50Ser in the Badaga population ( χ 2 = 13.969; p = 0.0001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a view to assess physical growth, a cross-sectional study was made on 1565 Sugali children (854 boys and 711 girls), aged 1 to 20 years. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, upper arm circumference, biacromial diameter, biiliocristal diameter, chest circumference, head circumference and skinfold measurements at triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and medial calf. All anthropometric measurements except skinfold measurements exhibit uniform increase with age in both the sexes. A gradual increase in four skinfold measurements is observed with age in the case of girls, whereas slight decrease is observed in the case of the boys. The Sugali boys and girls are shorter and lighter than wellto-do Indian standards. The median heights and weights of Sugali boys and girls fall below the 5th percentile of NCHS standards. Finally, the results were discussed with a comparative view point. Zur Bewertung der korperlichen Entwicklung wurde eine Querschnittstudie an 1565 Sugali-Kindern (854 Jungen und 711 Madchen) im Alter von 1 bis 20 Jahren durchgefuhrt. Die anthropometrischen Daten umfassten die Korperhohe, das Gewicht, den Oberarmumfang, die Biakromialbreite, den biiliocristalen Durchmesser, den Brustumfang, den Kopfumfang sowie die am Trizeps, subskapular, suprailiacal und an der Wade gemessenen Hautfaltendicken. Mit Ausnahme der Hautfaltendicken weisen alle antropometrischen Merkmale in beiden Geschlechtern einen gleichformigen Anstieg mit dem Alter auf. Bei den Madchen nehmen die vier Hautfaltendicken mit Alter allmahlich zu, wahrend bei Jungen eine leichte Abnahme zu beobachten ist. Im Vergleich zu den ''Well-to-do''-Standards fur indische Kinder sind Sugali-Jungen und-Madchen kleiner und leichter. Die medianen Korperhohen und Korpergewichte von Sugali-Madchen und Jungen fallen unter die 5. Perzentile der NCHS Standards. Abschliessend werden die Daten unter vergleichendem Aspekt diskutiert. Une etude de croissance transversale a ete realisee sur 1565 enfants Sugali (854 garcons et 711 filles) ages de 1 a 20 ans. Les mesures anthropometriques comprenaient la taille, le poids, la circonference du bras, le diametre biacromial, diametre bicrete, la circonference du thorax, la circonference de la tete et les plis cutanes tricipital, sous-scapulaire, supra-iliaque et a mi mollet. Toutes les mesures anthropometriques a l'exception des plis cutanes, montrent un accroissement uniforme avec l'age dans les deux sexes. Un accroissement graduel des quatre plis cutanes est observe avec l'age chez les filles alors qu'une diminution legere est constatee chez les garcons. Les garcons et filles Sugali sont plus petits et plus legers que ne le prevoient les valeurs standard des enfants indiens aises. Les tailles et poids medians des garcons et des filles Sugali tombent au-dessous du 5[sup eme] percentile des standards NCHS. Enfin, les resultats sont discutes d'un point de vue comparatif. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the relationship among body composition, measures of self-rated health and activities of daily living in a group of free living poor elderly aged ≥60 years with a sample size of 147 subjects (82 males, 65 females) from Tirupati suburbs of Andhra Pradesh, India. The subjects were divided into three age groups i.e. 60-69, 70-79 and ≥ 80 years for comparison. Mean height, weight, circumferences of waist and hip and waist hip ratio (WI-IR) were higher in males than females with no difference in body mass index (BMI). However, none of the anthropometric variables showed significant association with age. The majority of the subjects rated themselves as `poor' or `fair' self-rated health and this corresponds well with the lower mean values of anthropometry as well as activities of daily living, well-being and memory and cognitive firnction, impaired health aids and in general health. Polytomous logistic regression showed that subjects with the highest score on well-being compared to the lowest score rated 0.325 times (CI: 0.124, 0.851; P<0.05) good vs fair. The odds ratio was 0.519 times (CL: 0,206, 1.306) between good vs poor. Regarding BMI, subjects who rated their health as good/fair tended to have BML in the normal range. In the poor self-rated health group a maximum of 55% of males and 47% of females were below 19 units of BML, which was reflected in the increase in odds ratio of 1.361 in males and 1.134 in females between good vs poor health ratings. The findings reveal that well-being and BMI are related to self-reported health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]