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Background:. Abdominal anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is an emerging diagnosis, with estimated incidence of 13%–30% of the adult population. It is a syndrome characterized by chronic abdominal pain caused by entrapment of cutaneous branches of thoracoabdominal nerves at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle. If conservative treatment with pain medication, botulinum toxin, or lidocaine injections is inadequate, surgical management is indicated. Methods:. We present a case of a 40-year-old woman presenting with a 1-year history of daily right anterior abdominal wall pain, consistent with a diagnosis of ACNES. We describe our approach for an anterior neurectomy of the intercostal nerve with closure of its fascial foramen. Results:. Three months after surgery, she remained pain free and was back to work full time. At a 13-month follow-up, the patient reported that her pain had resolved completely following surgery. Conclusions:. Results are encouraging following anterior neurectomy for ACNES. Surgical descriptions in the literature are brief, with limited pictorial account. Our detailed surgical approach is provided along with a review of the existing literature on the management of ACNES.

Studying the spatial mutational and gene expression alterations in breast cancer could impact our understanding of breast cancer development. Here, the authors analyse a unique dataset of epithelial samples that highlight potential field cancerisation surrounding the primary tumour.

Background:. Infantile lip hemangiomas are challenging to manage due to the functional and aesthetic importance of the lips. Hemangiomas in this region may lead to significant complications including ulceration, feeding difficulties, and lip contour distortion requiring surgical intervention. Methods:. A retrospective chart review of children with focal lip hemangiomas treated at our institution between January 2000 and December 2016 was conducted. Patient demographics, lesion characteristics, complications, treatments, and outcomes were collected. Lesions were classified based on depth (superficial, deep, or mixed depth), vermillion border involvement, and location. Results:. One hundred and two patients with focal lip hemangiomas were identified; 45.1% were managed expectantly, 43.1% were treated medically, and 18.6% required surgery. Residual lip contour deformity following involution was the most common complication (26.5% of patients). Ulceration during the proliferation phase was reported in 14.7% of patients, leading to significant feeding difficulties in 9.8% of patients. All ulcerations occurred in lesions with a superficial component. None of the patients with superficial lesions underwent surgery; 27.1% of patients with deep or mixed depth hemangiomas required surgical treatment to restore lip contour. Conclusions:. Lip hemangiomas have high rates of complications that seem to be related to lesion morphology and phase of growth. Ulceration occurs during the early proliferative phase and is most frequently associated with mixed depth hemangiomas. Residual lip contour deformities are identified in the involution phase; presence of a deep component is the primary factor in predicting the need for surgical intervention in these patients.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide in terms of incidence and mortality. About 10% of North American women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime and 20% of those will die of the disease. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and biomarkers able to correctly classify patients into prognostic groups are needed to better tailor treatment options and improve outcomes. One powerful method used for biomarker discovery is sample screening with mass spectrometry, as it allows direct comparison of protein expression between normal and pathological states. The purpose of this study was to use a systematic and objective method to identify biomarkers with possible prognostic value in breast cancer patients, particularly in identifying cases most likely to have lymph node metastasis and to validate their prognostic ability using breast cancer tissue microarrays.Differential proteomic analyses were employed to identify candidate biomarkers in primary breast cancer patients. These analyses identified decorin (DCN) and endoplasmin (HSP90B1) which play important roles regulating the tumour microenvironment and in pathways related to tumorigenesis. This study indicates that high expression of Decorin is associated with lymph node metastasis (p