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Abstract Background Gastric cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate. Angiogenesis is necessary for tumor infiltration and metastasis and affects patient prognosis. YKL-39 has monocyte chemotactic activity and pro-angiogenic activity in some tumors. In this study, we investigated the relationship between YKL-39 and tumor-associated macrophages and microangiogenesis in gastric cancer to determine its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Materials and methods A total of 119 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone gastrectomy at the 940th Hospital of the Joint Security Force between 2014 and 2018 were included in this study. We assayed the protein expression of YKL-39, CD68, and CD34 by immunohistochemistry in tissues of 119 patients with gastric cancer, as well as the intracellular expression of YKL-39 and CD68 by immunofluorescence. Data were analyzed with SPSS Statistics 25.0 to explore the impact of expression of YKL-39, CD68, and CD34 in gastric cancer patients and the relationship among them. Results Our results show that YKL-39 was expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells and tumor mesenchyme. YKL-39 protein expression was associated with the depth of tumor infiltration, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage; CD68 protein expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage; CD34 protein expression was not associated with clinicopathological characteristics. Expression of YKL-39 was positively correlated with CD68 and CD34 (p

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for acute kidney injury (AKI) in preclinical studies and to explore the optimal transplantation strategy of MSCs by network meta-analysis with the aim of improving the efficacy of stem cell therapy.Methods: Computer searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM databases were conducted until 17 August 2022. Literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation were performed independently by two researchers.Results and Discussion: A total of 50 randomized controlled animal studies were included. The results of traditional meta-analysis showed that MSCs could significantly improve the renal function and injured renal tissue of AKI rats in different subgroups. The results of network meta-analysis showed that although there was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect between different transplant routes and doses of MSCs, the results of surface under the cumulative ranking probability curve (SUCRA) showed that the therapeutic effect of intravenous transplantation of MSCs was better than that of arterial and intrarenal transplantation, and the therapeutic effect of high dose (>1×106) was better than that of low dose (≤1×106). However, the current preclinical studies have limitations in experimental design, measurement and reporting of results, and more high-quality studies, especially direct comparative evidence, are needed in the future to further confirm the best transplantation strategy of MSCs in AKI.Systematic Review Registration: identifier https://CRD42022361199, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero.

Aboveground biomass (AGB) is regarded as a critical variable in monitoring crop growth and yield. The use of hyperspectral remote sensing has emerged as a viable method for the rapid and precise monitoring of AGB. Due to the extensive dimensionality and volume of hyperspectral data, it is crucial to effectively reduce data dimensionality and select sensitive spectral features to enhance the accuracy of rice AGB estimation models. At present, derivative transform and feature selection algorithms have become important means to solve this problem. However, few studies have systematically evaluated the impact of derivative spectrum combined with feature selection algorithm on rice AGB estimation. To this end, at the Xiaogang Village (Chuzhou City, China) Experimental Base in 2020, this study used an ASD FieldSpec handheld 2 ground spectrometer (Analytical Spectroscopy Devices, Boulder, Colorado, USA) to obtain canopy spectral data at the critical growth stage (tillering, jointing, booting, heading, and maturity stages) of rice, and evaluated the performance of the recursive feature elimination (RFE) and Boruta feature selection algorithm through partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), support vector machine (SVM) and ridge regression (RR). Moreover, we analyzed the importance of the optimal derivative spectrum. The findings indicate that (1) as the growth stage progresses, the correlation between rice canopy spectrum and AGB shows a trend from high to low, among which the first derivative spectrum (FD) has the strongest correlation with AGB. (2) The number of feature bands selected by the Boruta algorithm is 19~35, which has a good dimensionality reduction effect. (3) The combination of FD-Boruta-PCR (FB-PCR) demonstrated the best performance in estimating rice AGB, with an increase in R² of approximately 10% ~ 20% and a decrease in RMSE of approximately 0.08% ~ 14%. (4) The best estimation stage is the booting stage, with R2 values between 0.60 and 0.74 and RMSE values between 1288.23 and 1554.82 kg/hm2. This study confirms the accuracy of hyperspectral remote sensing in estimating vegetation biomass and further explores the theoretical foundation and future direction for monitoring rice growth dynamics.

BackgroundTumor lysis syndrome (TLS) often occurs early after induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and can rapidly progress. This study aimed to construct a machine learning model to predict the risk of TLS using clinical indicators at the time of ALL diagnosis.MethodsThis observational cohort study was conducted at the National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disease. Data were collected from pediatric ALL patients diagnosed between December 2008 and December 2021. Four machine learning models were constructed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) to select key clinical indicators for model construction.ResultsThe study included 2,243 pediatric ALL patients, and the occurrence of TLS was 8.87%. A total of 33 indicators with missing values ≤30% were collected, and 12 risk factors were selected through LASSO regression analysis. The CatBoost model with the best performance after feature screening was selected to predict the TLS of ALL patients. The CatBoost model had an AUC of 0.832 and an accuracy of 0.758. The risk factors most associated with TLS were the absence of potassium, phosphorus, aspartate transaminase (AST), white blood cell count (WBC), and urea levels.ConclusionWe developed the first TLS prediction model for pediatric ALL to assist clinicians in risk stratification at diagnosis and in developing personalized treatment protocols. This study is registered on the China Clinical Trials Registry platform (ChiCTR2200060616).Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2200060616.

Abstract Background Fumarate hydratase–deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-RCC) is a rare highly aggressive subtype of kidney cancer for which the distinct genomic, transcriptomic, and evolutionary relationships between metastatic and primary lesions are still unclear. Methods In this study, whole-exome, RNA-seq, and DNA methylation sequencing were performed on primary-metastatic paired specimens from 19 FH-RCC cases, including 23 primary and 35 matched metastatic lesions. Phylogenetic and clonal evolutionary analyses were used to investigate the evolutionary characteristics of FH-RCC. Transcriptomic analyses, immunohistochemistry, and multiple immunofluorescence experiments were performed to identify the tumor microenvironmental features of metastatic lesions. Results Paired primary and metastatic lesions generally showed similar characteristics of tumor mutation burden, tumor neoantigen burden, microsatellite instability score, CNV burden, and genome instability index. Notably, we identified an FH-mutated founding MRCA (the most recent common ancestor) clone that dominated the early evolutionary trajectories in FH-RCC. Although both primary and metastatic lesions manifested high immunogenicity, metastatic lesions exhibited higher enrichment of T effector cells and immune-related chemokines, together with upregulation of PD-L1, TIGIT, and BTLA. In addition, we found that concurrent NF2 mutation may be associated with bone metastasis and upregulation of cell cycle signature in metastatic lesions. Furthermore, although in FH-RCC metastatic lesions in general shared similar CpG island methylator phenotype with primary lesions, we found metastatic lesions displaying hypomethylated chemokine and immune checkpoints related genomic loci. Conclusions Overall, our study demonstrated the genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic features of metastatic lesions in FH-RCC and revealed their early evolutionary trajectory. These results provided multi-omics evidence portraying the progression of FH-RCC.

Leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) is a primary indicator of crop nitrogen status, closely related to the growth and development dynamics of crops. Accurate and efficient monitoring of LNC is significant for precision field crop management and enhancing crop productivity. However, the biochemical properties and canopy structure of wheat change across different growth stages, leading to variations in spectral responses that significantly impact the estimation of wheat LNC. This study aims to investigate the construction of feature combination indices (FCIs) sensitive to LNC across multiple wheat growth stages, using remote sensing data to develop an LNC estimation model that is suitable for multiple growth stages. The research employs UAV multispectral remote sensing technology to acquire canopy imagery of wheat during the early (Jointing stage and Booting stage) and late (Early filling and Late filling stages) in 2021 and 2022, extracting spectral band reflectance and texture metrics. Initially, twelve sensitive spectral feature combination indices (SFCIs) were constructed using spectral band information. Subsequently, sensitive texture feature combination indices (TFCIs) were created using texture metrics as an alternative to spectral bands. Machine learning algorithms, including partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest regression (RFR), support vector regression (SVR), and Gaussian process regression (GPR), were used to integrate spectral and texture information, enhancing the estimation performance of wheat LNC across growth stages. Results show that the combination of Red, Red edge, and Near-infrared bands, along with texture metrics such as Mean, Correlation, Contrast, and Dissimilarity, has significant potential for LNC estimation. The constructed SFCIs and TFCIs both enhanced the responsiveness to LNC across multiple growth stages. Additionally, a sensitive index, the Modified Vegetation Index (MVI), demonstrated significant improvement over NDVI, correcting the over-saturation concerns of NDVI in time-series analysis and displaying outstanding potential for LNC estimation. Spectral information outperforms texture information in estimation capability, and their integration, particularly with SVR, achieves the highest precision (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.786, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.589%, and relative prediction deviation (RPD) = 2.162). In conclusion, the sensitive FCIs developed in this study improve LNC estimation performance across multiple growth stages, enabling precise monitoring of wheat LNC. This research provides insights and technical support for the construction of sensitive indices and the precise management of nitrogen nutrition status in field crops.

Introduction Radical cystectomy remains the standard treatment for intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) because potential bladder-preserving therapies are not well established. Combination of radiotherapy with programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody may offer an optional bladder preservation treatment for high-risk/extremely high risk NMIBC. Hence, the current study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of short-course radiotherapy (5×5 Gy) and toripalimab (PD-1 antibody) as a novel bladder sparing treatment in this population.Methods and analysis HOPE-04 is an open-label, single-arm, phase II study, designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of short-course radiotherapy and toripalimab in patients with high-risk/extremely high risk NMIBC. Fifty-five patients with pathological and imaging diagnosed NMIBC with or without BCG treatment will be recruited. Radiotherapy of 5×5 Gy will be given to the whole bladder followed by a focal tumour bed boost and concomitant administration of toripalimab of 240 mg intravenous infusion every 21 days for 12 cycles (about 1 year). The primary endpoints are disease-free survival and safety. The secondary endpoint is overall survival. Additional indicators include implementation rate of salvage surgery and quality of life.Ethics and dissemination This trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Trial findings will be disseminated via peer reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration number Chinese Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical Trials (ChiCTR2200059970).

BackgroundBladder cancer with high expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is related to pathological malignancy and poor prognosis. The standard care for muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC) is neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection. For HER2-positive MIBC, the efficacy of cisplatin-based NAC is unsatisfactory, and adverse reactions are inevitable or even intolerable. New regimens with higher efficiency and lower toxicity need to be explored in the neoadjuvant setting for this population.MethodsHOPE-03 is a multi-center, open-label, single-arm, phase Ib/II study aiming to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RC48-ADC (disitamab vedotin (DV)), a humanized anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E, and tislelizumab (PD-1 antibody) as a novel neoadjuvant treatment combination in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced urothelial MIBC. Fifty-one patients with cT2-4bN0-3M0-1a pathology- and imaging-diagnosed HER2 positive (immunohistochemistry status 3+ or 2+ or 1+) MIBC were recruited. Of these patients, six were enrolled in the dose-escalation phase (three patients in the RC48-ADC 1.5 mg/kg group and three patients in the 2.0 mg/kg group), and 45 patients were enrolled in the phase II study (the expected recommended phase II dose for RC48-ADC was 2.0 mg/kg). Patients without disease progression received radical cystectomy or bladder-sparing therapies as their preference after neoadjuvant treatment. The primary endpoints were clinical complete remission rate (cCR rate; T0/Ta/Tis), pathological complete remission rate (pCR rate), and safety. The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and quality of life.DiscussionThe HOPE-03 trial provides a description of the safety profile of RC-48 and tislelizumab combination in the neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive locally advanced urothelial MIBC, and the efficacy is explored as well in this population.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=137111, identifier ChiCTR2200060153.

Introduction. In our previous study, it has been confirmed that formaldehyde (FA) not only inhibits the proliferative activity, but also causes DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) formation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The purpose of this study was to detect the protective effect of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of BMSCs exposed to FA, and to explore potential molecular mechanisms of APS activity. Material and methods. Human BMSCs were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control cells (Ctrl group), FA-treated cells (FA group, 120 μmol/L), and cells incubated with FA and increasing concentrations (40, 100, or 400 μg/mL) of APS (FA + APS groups). Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. DNA strand breakage, DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), and micronucleus formation were respectively detected by comet assay, KCl-SDS precipitation assay, and micronucleus assay. The mRNA and protein expression level of xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA), xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC), excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1), replication protein A1 (RPA1), and replication protein A2 (RPA2) were all detected by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. Results. Compared with the FA group, the cytotoxicity, DNA strand breakage, DPCs, and micronucleus levels were decreased significantly in FA + APS groups (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expression of XPA, XPC, ERCC1, RPA1, and RPA2 were up-regulated significantly in the FA + APS groups (P < 0.05) with the most prominent effect of the 100 μg/mL APS. Conclusions. Our results suggest that APS can protect the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of human BMSCs induced by FA. The mechanism may be associated with up-regulated expression of XPA, XPC, ERCC1, RPA1, and RPA2 in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway which promotes DNA damage repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The KMT2A gene, formerly named the MLL gene, is rearranged (KMT2Ar) in 70–75% of infants, 5–6% of children and 10–15% of adult patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The outcome after chemotherapy of pediatric cases remains poor, and only a few studies have investigated the clinical and laboratory features, treatment response and prognosis in Chinese populations. Methods A total of 48 B-ALL children with KMT2Ar were enrolled in the study, and clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed by age group. The relationship between prognosis and traditional risk factors and treatment response was investigated for these patients who received chemotherapy. Results The 48 enrolled patients included 28 males and 20 females; 18 (37.50%) or 30 (62.50%) patients were an age of 12 m at onset. An initial WBC count of 300 × 109/L was detected in 7 (14.58%) patients; testicular leukemia (TL) or central nervous system involvement was found in 5 (10.41%) or 3 (6.25%) patients, respectively. Statistical differences were not found in the age groups of sex or initial WBC count, whereas TL was more common in the infant group (P 0.05); MRD levels monitored by FCM or PCR were unequal at the same TP. Four patients died of treatment, and TRM was 8.33%; 40 patients achieved CR, and the CR rate for the cohort was 83.33%. Seven patients quit, 15 patients relapsed, and the 5 yr cumulative relapse rate was 59.16 ± 9.16%; the 5 yr prospective EFS (pEFS) for patients who were included or excluded from the TRM group was 36.86 ± 8.48% or 40.84 ± 9.16%, respectively. Multivariate analysis for prognosis and hazard ratio was performed for 37 patients without TRM and revealed that an initial WBC count of > 300 × 109/L and a positive level of FCM-MRD were strongly related to a poor outcome for B-ALL patients with KMT2Ar (P

TFE3-translocation renal cell carcinoma (TFE3-tRCC) is a rare subtype of kidney cancer with no standard treatment options for the advanced disease. Here, the authors perform genomic and transcriptomic profiling of 63 untreated primary TFE3-tRCC tumours and reveal potential therapeutic targets.

Abstract Background The aim was to evaluate the changes of 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics in breast cancer and explore the growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Results Total 49 significantly different flora and 26 different metabolites were screened between two groups, and the correlation was calculated. Relative abudance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were decreased, while relative abundance of verrucomicrobla, proteobacteria and actinobacteria was increased in breast cancer group. Differentially expressed metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, choline metabolism in cancer and arachidonic acid metabolism. Lipid upregulation was found in breast cancer patients, especially phosphorocholine. The abundance of Faecalibacterium was reduced in breast cancer patients, which was negatively correlated with various phosphorylcholines. Moreover, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, the most well-known species in Faecalibacterium genus, could inhibit the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the phosphorylation of Janus kinases 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in breast cancer cells. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii also suppressed the proliferation and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of breast cancer cells, while these effects disappeared after adding recombinant human IL-6. Conclusions Flora-metabolites combined with the flora-bacteria (such as Faecalibacterium combined with phosphorocholine) might a new detection method for breast cancer. Faecalibacterium may be helpful for prevention of breast cancer. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells through inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 pathway.

In this article, a generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation (NLEE), which can be obtained by a multivariate polynomial, is investigated. Based on the Hirota bilinear method, the N-soliton solution and bilinear Bäcklund transformation (BBT) with explicit formulas are successfully constructed. By using BBT, two traveling wave solutions and a mixed solution of the generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional NLEE are obtained. Furthermore, the lump and the interaction solutions for the equation are constructed. Finally, the dynamic properties of the lump and the interaction solutions are described graphically.

A determinant representation of the n-fold Darboux transformation for the integrable nonlocal derivative nonlinear Schödinger (DNLS) equation is presented. Using the proposed Darboux transformation, we construct some particular solutions from zero seed, which have not been reported so far for locally integrable systems. We also obtain explicit breathers from a nonzero seed with constant amplitude, deduce the corresponding extended Taylor expansion, and obtain several first-order rogue wave solutions. Our results reveal several interesting phenomena which differ from those emerging from the classical DNLS equation.

Background and AimsPrimary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare liver malignancy with very little data published so far. We describe the clinical characteristics of this tumor and analyze its survival pattern to improve the diagnosis and treatment.Materials and MethodsThis study collected data of 15 patients with primary hepatic ASC in our hospital within 10 years (from 2009 to 2018). We analyzed the clinical characteristics, imaging data, treatment, and survival of ASC in the study. Two of these cases have been reported.ResultsThe common clinical symptoms of hepatic ASC are liver pain and jaundice. Laboratory examination showed that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) increased, but Alpha-FetoProtein (AFP) did not. Primary hepatic ASC is a rare subtype of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and meets the requirements of pathological diagnosis: CK20 (-), CK7 (+), CK19 (+), and p63 (+). Of the 15 patients, 11 were treated surgically, of which 3 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The prognosis of ASC patients is poor with a median survival time (MST) of 6 months (range: 2 to 15). The duration of MST in surgically treated patients was longer than that of nonsurgical patients (7.0 months vs. 3.0 months). Patients that received adjuvant chemotherapy survived longer (MST: 15 months). Patients with lymph node metastasis had a worse prognosis.ConclusionPrimary hepatic ASC is a rare malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Radical surgery may be an effective treatment for prolonging survival. Surgical treatment combined with adjuvant therapy may further improve survival.

Dasatinib, a second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been widely used in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + B-ALL). Although dasatinib has been well tolerated, side effects including hemorrhage are not rare. Cases of bleeding disorders ultimately result in thrombocytopenia, but platelet aggregation dysfunction induced by dasatinib has also been demonstrated in Ph + B-ALL and CML patients. We report three Chinese children with Ph + B-ALL who received a combination treatment of chemotherapy and dasatinib and developed gastrointestinal bleeding several months later. The platelet count and clotting tests were normal, and these patients presented with dasatinib-induced platelet dysfunction. These findings reveal that physicians should be aware of and carefully monitor for side effects, including bleeding disorders.

Isopeptidase activity of proteases plays critical roles in physiological and pathological processes in living organisms, such as protein stability in cancers and protein activity in infectious diseases. However, the kinetics of protease isopeptidase activity has not been explored before due to a lack of methodology. Here, we report the development of novel qFRET-based protease assay for characterizing the isopeptidase kinetics of SENP1. The reversible process of SUMOylation in vivo requires an enzymatic cascade that includes E1, E2, and E3 enzymes and Sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs), which can act either as endopeptidases that process the pre-SUMO before its conjugation, or as isopeptidases to deconjugate SUMO from its target substrate. We first produced the isopeptidase substrate of CyPet-SUMO1/YPet-RanGAP1c by SUMOylation reaction in the presence of SUMO E1 and E2 enzymes. Then a qFRET analyses of real-time FRET signal reduction of the conjugated substrate of CyPet-SUMO1/YPet-RanGAP1c to free CyPet-SUMO1 and YPet-RanGAP1c by the SENP1 were able to obtain the kinetic parameters, Kcat, KM, and catalytic efficiency (Kcat/KM) of SENP1. This represents a pioneer effort in isopeptidase kinetics determination. Importantly, the general methodology of qFRET-based protease isopeptidase kinetic determination can also be applied to other proteases.

It has been reported that overexpression of the CRLF2 gene is associated with poor outcomes in pediatric B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), but the incidence rates, clinical characteristics and outcomes of CRLF2 gene overexpression in pediatric T cell ALL (T-ALL) have not been systematically analyzed. In this study, CRLF2 mRNA expression levels and clinical and laboratory parameters in 63 pediatric T-ALL patients were detected at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Children's Hospital of Xianyang between February 2015 and June 2018. The patients were treated according to the modified St. Jude TXV ALL protocol, and early treatment responses (bone marrow smear and MRD level) and prognoses in the enrolled patients were assessed. CRLF2 overexpression was detected in 21/63 (33.33%) patients. Statistical differences were not found for clinical or laboratory parameters (including sex, age, initial WBC count, incidence mediastinal involvement, abnormal karyotype and fusion genes) between patients with high CRLF2 expression and patients with low expression of CRLF2 (P>0.05). One patient died of tumor lysis syndrome and renal failure, and the treatment response was monitored on day 19 (TP1) of remission in 62 patients. One patient quit treatment because of family decisions, and 61 patients underwent treatment response evaluation on day 46 (TP2) of remission. Significant differences were not found between patients with high CRLF2 expression and patients with low CRLF2 expression in terms of the treatment responses at TP1 or TP2 (P>0.05). Following October 2018, 12 patients among the 61 evaluable patients relapsed (relapse rate: 19.67%), 3 patients died from chemotherapy, and the treatment-related mortality (TRM) rate was 4.92%. Secondary tumors occurred in 1 patient. The 3-year prospective EFS rate was 54.1±11.2% and 77.7±6.6% for the 61 evaluable patients and 58 patients without TRM. Patients with low CRLF2 expression had longer EFS durations than patients with high CRLF2 expression (61 evaluable patients: 35.91± 2.38 months vs 23.43± 2.57 months; 58 patients without TRM: 37.86± 2.08 months vs 24.55±2.43 months, P

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in combination with arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the proliferation and differentiation of HL-60 cells. The HL-60 cells were treated with 300 µg/mL TMP, 0.5 µM As2O3, and 300 µg/mL TMP combined with 0.5 µM As2O3, respectively. The proliferative inhibition rates were determined with MTT. Differentiation was detected by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test, Wright’s staining and the distribution of CD11b and CD14. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution. RT-PCR and Western blot assays were employed to detect the expressions of c-myc, p27, CDK2, and cyclin E1. Combination treatment had synergistic effects on the proliferative inhibition rates. The rates were increased gradually after the combination treatment, much higher than those treated with the corresponding concentration of As2O3 alone. The cells exhibited characteristics of mature granulocytes and a higher NBT-reducing ability, being a 2.6-fold increase in the rate of NBT-positive ratio of HL-60 cells within the As2O3 treatment versus almost a 13-fold increase in the TMP + As2O3 group. Cells treated with both TMP and As2O3 expressed far more CD11b antigens, almost 2-fold compared with the control group. Small doses of TMP potentiate As2O3-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, possibly by regulating the expression and activity of G0/G1 phase-arresting molecules. Combination treatment of TMP with As2O3 has significant synergistic effects on the proliferative inhibition of HL-60 cells.

The Painlevé property and Bäcklund transformation for the KdV equation with a self-consistent source are presented. By testing the equation, it is shown that the equation has the Painlevé property. In order to further prove its integrality, we give its bilinear form and construct its bilinear Bäcklund transformation by the Hirota's bilinear operator. And then the soliton solution of the equation is obtained, based on the proposed bilinear form.

We study the permanence of a classofsingle species system with distributed time delay and feedback controls. General criteria on permanence are established in this paper. A very important fact is found in our results; that is, the feedback control is harmless to the permanence of species.